第一篇:英语自主学习报告
The report of English self-study Maly 1211021126 Because of this semester I attended Lighten-English training class and our teacher recommended the big ears English website to us, so I did not hesitate to choose it first began my independent study course in English.The station provide us massive information in English, English information-rich, informative, comprehensive coverage of English learning: including English exam;English News;English skills to improve training;Easy English resources;life English information;professional English information and so on.The site also aimed at different problem, social hot topic and phenomenon, established four thematic categories: Advanced class learning topics;exam review class topics;popular current affairs topics;holiday greetings class topics.Speaking for participating in the training, so my main concern is the large ears of spoken English training modules.Here are some of my learning experiences.The Oral Training Category included “Tribute to Mother” Speaking competitions original zone, Oral exam in the first five questions frequently asked oral exam examiner, Beautiful sound practice speaking training, VOA | BBC | CNN Radio spoken, English pronunciation, Children’s Songs | Speaking Children Story, Male singer | singer | Television film remake, Four six | IELTS | TOEFL Speaking test.These listening training articles mostly diction and beautiful, full of philosophical and there are many authentic expression of our writing helps a lot.Here's an article in which “We need friends” is explained as an example, One of the paragraphs is this“everyone needs friendship.No one can sail the ocean of life single-handed.We need help from, and also give help to, others.In modern society, people attach more importance to relations and connections.A man of charisma has many friends.His power lies in his ability to give.” we can learn some new infinite meaning and how to use a limited vocabulary to express meaning unlimited from there such “single-handed(lone), a man of charisma(someone be popular with in public), his power lies in his ability to give(his great strength resided his capability to give).In this article we can also find some other particularly useful words and phrases, like: a nodding acquaintance(点头之交),intimate(close),True friends share not only our joys but also our sorrows(True friends with us through thick and thin),in high positions
(High status),in the rank and file(Low status),a comforting word.Next, I entered the Excellent English Website, the website providing a variety of free English learning tutorial download, all have the MP3 format, with PDF, LRC format text.Including: basic, practical, recreation, schools, examinations, professional, radio and other English learning content.Learn about the advantages of a large network of English learning resources, my favorite part is the English speech.And in this section, the speech related to a large number of economic, political and cultural, and each length is not very long, so anytime we can listen to English, for me that patience is not a good man is a good choice, so I downloaded a lot of audio.And there is also a lot of inspirational speeches, listen also very well.They can not only learn English speaking skills and also often give their own cheer, why not? It is one thing unlike the big ear English that it is not synchronized online audition hearing the text, so you have to concentrate to hear.CNN is the world order dominated television news broadcast.CNN International is the world's most advanced news organizations, bringing seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day of live news coverage worldwide.It comprehensive and extensive information covering all over the world such as TV and Video news, US news, Election and political news,Justice,Entertainment,Tech,Health,Living ,Travel,Opinion,Money,Sport-sand so on.My main concern of CNN is the economic part.Business information is an indispensable part of the global news, CNN international news network to “Asia Business News”(Business Asia), “Global Business Today”(World Business Today)and “Money Line”(Money line)and other programs continued to reports, he special programs for your life with things and fashion news “popular landing”(Style with Elsa Clench)Disclosure of fashion design industry professional advice.“Riley King Live”(Larry King Live)gathered world leaders, newsmakers and celebrities around in your home, chatting with you.“World of Sports”(World Sports)Sports News reported, tight towels every day to make your dynamic and international sports events.“Hollywood Kaleidoscope”(Showbiz Today), “Computer World”(Travel Guide)and other programs are dedicated to provide you with the latest trends in these areas and messages.Here, we are concerned about the current affairs side edges can learn the language, you can also learn the latest information on the world, learn from experts and entertainment combine and you can also appreciate works to improve English writing skills and enhance their perception of life, why not do it?
Encydopedia Britannica encompasses all major disciplines of human knowledge, detailed descriptions, and important historical and contemporary figures, the detailed description of the event, its academic and authority as recognized by the world.The explain the concept was comprehensive , thoughtful and science, for example, some plants will explain from its morphological characteristics, habitat, distribution, species classification, taxonomy, and the medicinal value of plants and cultural aspects of a comprehensive introduction.Because people cultural backgrounds, ways of thinking, customs, history, tradition, and so different, is bound to cause a different understanding of the concept, and even the formation of mutually exclusive arguments, this time, it became one of the most encyclopedic knowledge of the world good wizard.Visit Australia.com is Australia’s best hotel and travel resource.It also a tour of Australia's best travel Raiders.Each study site has their own unique advantages and strengths;different sites different forums have different corresponding accommodate the crowd.As learners, we should choose their own websites or content to learn, so that we will persevere, will be interested to learn.In short, the online world is colorful scene and mix, and I believe there is always a right for you.Lastly, I must thank the teacher gave us valuable advice and learning resources to learn, I will take full advantage of these sites to improve my English proficiency.
第二篇:浅谈英语自主学习
浅谈英语自主学习
人类已经进入了21世纪,以信息技术为主要标志的科技进步日新月异。现在的社会是一个终身学习的社会,一个人只有具备了获取信息能力,才能获取更强的可持续发展能力和更多的终身教育的机会。如何让学生能在一生中不断地获得新知识,适应信息化、学习化社会的要求已成为我们每一个教育工作者必须面对的现实。学校教育必须以学生的发展为宗旨,培养学生的自主学习能力,这是社会的要求、时代的需要。
然而,究竟何谓自主学习?
一、自主学习的定义
关于自主学习目前尚无一致看法。但自主学习的关键是学习者的态度和能力。因此引导高中学生进行英语自主学习应从以下五个方面入手
☆学生对英语学习的态度;
☆学生对教学目标的认同;
☆学生使用的学习策略;
☆学生对自己学习的监督;
☆学生对自己学习结果的评价
二、引导学生进行自主学习策略
1.激发学生的学习动机,培养学生学习英语的兴趣。
学生首先要有端正的学习态度,积极向上的学习动机。在没有外部压力或要求的情况下,学生如果缺乏内在的学习动机,没有“我要学”的积极心理,就很难正确地制定学习目标,有效地监控学习过程,保证较好的学习效果,自主学习也就无从谈起。实验证明,端正的学习态度、良好的学习动机是自主学习能否顺利实施的重要条件。学习态度或动机不端正是我们学校学生普遍存在的问题,针对这一情况,我们主要要从增强学习自信心着手。在很多情况下学生学习动机不足,有厌学、畏学的倾向,并不是智力问题,而是对自身能力产生怀疑,或者有错误的认识,即觉得自己没有能力完成学习任务,或觉得自己的能力不可能改变或提高。在教学中,我们尽可能:1)让学生获得成功的体验;2)引导学生坦然面对失败;3)鼓励学生接受挑战性任务等。除此之外,激发英语学习的动机,要利用学生本身固有的动机,如好奇心、学生对成功的愿望、爱玩、好动等天性;同时,还要注意保护学生的自尊心,不要降低、挫伤学生的学习动机。有了好的动机,还要有浓厚的学习兴趣,“兴趣是最好的老师”,学习兴趣是学习的动力,带着内在的学习兴趣学习的学生能够积极主动地投入到学习过程中去。激发学生学习英语的兴趣,要先从课堂入手,创设丰富的教学情景,让学生带着兴趣去体验英语在现实生活中的运用,培养求知欲,潜移默化地培养学生自主学习英语的兴趣,并使之持之以恒。如:值日生专题报告。有计划地安排每日的值日生专题报告学生可用简单的英语,就天气、出勤、班内好人好事等情况进行汇报,也可以讲故事、笑话、猜字谜、朗诵诗歌、演唱英文歌曲、自编对话小品等。同时还
要了解学生的活动。如果学生刚看了一场电影,就让学生就该电影作几句简评。假如学生昨天刚举行了年级足球比赛,让他们就此作一短小新闻发表。还可让学生就所读书报杂志谈读后感等。这样做不仅给学生提供表现自己才能的机会,提高口语表达能力,更重要的是激发了学生的学习兴趣,强化了自主学习的意识。
2.精心设计课堂“任务”,促使学生自主认同教学目标。
《英语课程标准》对英语教学提出了“任务型”教学的要求。因此,引导学生进行自主学习,要创造性地设计贴近学生实际的教学活动,以学生的生活经验和兴趣为出发点,吸引学生积极参与。通过学生合作学习,小组分工,以思考、调查、讨论、交流和合作等方式,学习和使用英语,完成学习任务。
在这个过程中,1)充分信任每一位学生,大胆放手让学生独自学习。教师首先要告知学生他们的任务和目标,然后是不断地指导和培养并提高他们的自主学习和自学能力。给学生充分的时间和空间,让他们自己读书,自己感受事物,自己观察、分析和思考,从中明白事理,掌握知识,提高能力。
2)把握好课题的难易度,尊重个体差异,重视个别指导。学生的个体差异是客观存在的,因此无论是在内容上、方法上、速度上要照顾好各种层次上的差异,帮助每个学生优化自己的学习过程,让他们的学习更加自主和有效。
3)不断肯定成绩,不吝啬表扬。要因势利导,通过恰当的时机、途径和场合,让学生充分展示各自的特长,使学生能够体验到学习成功的喜悦,产生成就感,再把成功的喜悦化作学习的动力,增强学习的自信心。学生一旦体验到学习成功的乐趣,自然会产生更大、更多成功的欲望,诱发更为主动的参与,更为积极的思维,从而使主动参与学习成为一种持久强烈的意识,最终形成自主学习的内在机制,实现自主学习。
这样做不仅调动了学生参与的积极性而且促进了学生对教学目标的认同,达到了学以致用的目的。
3.引导学生使用有效的学习策略,提高学习英语的效果。
学习策略指有助于语言学习的学习方法和行为。学生在乐于学习英语的动机和兴趣的基础上还要掌握一些学习策略,提高学习效果。
让学生坚持写学习周记,并不断反思自身的学习观念和学习策略。通过总结归纳本周学习内容,梳理和复习知识要点、难点及习题中做错的题,自我反思本周学习的“得”与“失”,探讨学习技巧和策略,创造机会让学生们互相交流学习经验,互相学习取长补短。
4.引导学生自我监督、管理、评价,并根据需要调整学习目标和学习策略。
1)帮助学生摒弃畏难情绪,改变自身被动的学习态度,让学生活跃起来、兴奋起来、行动起来。不断反思学习过程中出现的优势与不足之处,增强自我意识,调整学习策略。
2)让学生建立学习档案,内容包括学习计划内有关的全部资料以及阅读、写作、听力、测试试卷等方面的档案。如:自己的作文、书法、笔记、作业试卷
改错记录;以及课外阅读精彩片段、听力练习、听广播、看电视、读杂志、收集新词等的档案记录。学习档案既是学生制定学习目标和自我评价的重要参考,又可不断回顾档案内容,不断改进,从而摸索出适合自己的学习方法。
3)发挥优秀生的带头作用,实现学生自治。在班级内组建英语智囊团。成员由英语成绩较突出同学组成,并同时兼任班内英语学习小组的组长。负责收发批改作业、检查听写单词、背诵课文等,还要定期搜集、整理、讨论并解答本组学生学习中遇到的疑难问题。这样做实际上组长是在当“小老师”,不仅增强了学生的参与意识而且还培养了学生发现问题、思考问题和解决问题的能力。优秀生得到了很好的锻炼,起到了很好的带头作用。
评价有利于培养学生对学习负责的态度,并能促使学生学会思考,随时看到自己取得的成绩和存在的不足,帮助反思自主学习过程,调整学习目的和学习策略,树立新的超越自我的学习目标,更有效地进一步学习。
三、结束语
引导学生进行自主学习,是一个循序渐进的过程。通过以上方式和途径相信能够提高学生自主学习的能力,使学生为终身学习语言打下坚实的基础。
参考书目:
Dickinson, L.1987.Self-instruction in language learning.Cambridge University Press.Hutten ,I.1986.Towards Learner Autonomy in Foreign Language Learning in Senior Seconary School.Acta Universitats Ouluenss.Little, D.1990.Autonomy in Language Learning.CILT.郑玉琼论自主学习及其能力的培养,中小学外语教学202_年第7期 邓晓芳高中学生反思学习能力的培养,中小学外语教与学202_年第11期
全日制义务教育普通高级中学英语课程标准(实验稿)
(二)中小学外语教学 202_年第12期。
普通高中英语课程标准(实验)中华人民共和国教育部制定人民教育出版社
DvNews
第三篇:英语自主学习
1.[A] 12:05 [B] 11:50 [C] 11:35 [D] 10:25
1、[参考答案]B
1、[题目解释]无
题 2
2.[A] Take four pills.[B] Hesitate to take any pills.[C] Take the doctor's advice.[D] Take eight pills.2、[参考答案]C
2、[题目解释]无
题 3
3.[A] 7 years old.[B] 8 years old.[C] 15 years old.[D] 18 years old.3、[参考答案]C
3、[题目解释]无
题 4
4.[A] 1.[B] 2.[C] 5.[D] 7.4、[参考答案]D
4、[题目解释]无
题 5
5.[A] The woman was late for coming.[B] The woman asked the man to wait for her half an hour ago.[C] The man was annoyed by her late coming.[D] The man was quite all right.5、[参考答案]A5、[题目解释]无
听短文
Directions:In this section, you will hear several short passages or monologues.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only ONCE.After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then select the corresponding letter on the web page.[题数:17;分数:17分;参考时间:11分18秒]
题 612
Section2
10.[A] About a year and two months.[B] Three to five months.[C] About four weeks.[D] As a baby.10、[参考答案]A10、[题目解释]无
11.[A] Intelligence.[B] Responsibility.[C] Physical fitness.[D] Speed.11、[参考答案]D
11、[题目解释]无
12.[A] How to choose a guide dog.[B] The qualities of a guide dog.[C] The training of a guide dog.[D] How a guide dog helps its blind owner.12、[参考答案]C
12、[题目解释]无
题 1319
Section4
16.[A] Because history professors are poorly prepared.[B] Because most students are lazy.[C] Because history lectures are not delivered in an interesting way.[D] Because most students feel studying history is a waste of time.16、[参考答案]C
16、[题目解释]无
17.[A] In Britain.[B] In Concord.[C] In Lexington.[D] In Boston.17、[参考答案]D
17、[题目解释]无
18.[A] That the British would attack by sea.[B] That the British were retreating.[C] That the British were willing to sign a treaty.[D] That the British had won the first battle.18、[参考答案]A
18、[题目解释]无
19.[A] In 1774.[B] In 1776.[C] In 1775.[D] In 1777.19、[参考答案]C
19、[题目解释]无
题 202_ Section1
23.[A] More work as an instructor.[B] A higher salary.[C] A longer vacation period.[D] A research assignment.23、[参考答案]A
23、[题目解释]观察本题的四个选项,work、salary、vacation和assignment暗示对话很可能与工作相关。而这题选项中出现finish his degree好像又与学习有关,有些矛盾。而当听音时,就会发现原来是学生做兼职工作。对话中女士开门见山地提到Frank的助教工作,接下来对他的工作给与了肯定,提到keep the Teaching Assistant on a little longer,也就是希望Frank继续工作一段时间,后面的对话都是围绕此话题展开。至于salary和vacation对话中没有涉及。
24.[A] He'll start next week.[B] He wouldn't enjoy it.[C] He would like time to decide.[D] He wants his adviser's opinion.24、[参考答案]C
24、[题目解释]顺着第一题的思路,本题考查男士对工作有什么想法。女士征求意见时,男士表示I sure would,接着用but进行转折,表示不确定,又列举了自己的情况,最后要求have a few days to think about it,确定答案为(C)。长对话与短对话的区别之一就是长对话的答案有时可以从多个方面推导,因为长对话更能体现连贯性和一致性。
25.[A] Finish his degree in the fall.[B] Let someone else read his evaluation.[C] Consider taking fewer courses.[D] Get more teaching experience.25、[参考答案]D
25、[题目解释]but后的内容往往很重要,本题考查的重点正在此处。女士说不希望男士耽误学业,但用but进行转折,认为男士应该consider getting more experience in the classroom,这与前面希望他继续当助教的意思是一致的。
26.[A] Frank's talent for teaching.[B] Frank's interesting approach to research.[C] A present he received for graduation.[D] A congratulatory letter from the department.26、[参考答案]A
26、[题目解释]女士赞扬男士You seem to have a real gift,gift一般有两个意思,即礼物(present)和天赋(talent)。整个对话中,女士对男士的能力赞赏有加,不难看出gift表示talent的意思。
题 2733
Section3
30.[A] Two hundred dollars.[B] Three hundred dollars.[C] Two thousand dollars.[D] Three thousand dollars.30、[参考答案]C
30、[题目解释]在听录音之前预览所有选项,可以猜测本篇对话涉及的内容很可能与银行有关。本题的问题正是女士问男士的话“how much money do you want to deposit to start with”,只要留意到男士的回答“Two thousand dollars”,就能马上得出答案(C)。
31.[A] To buy some national debt.[B] To open a savings account.[C] To ask the interest rate.[D] To withdraw some money.31、[参考答案]B
31、[题目解释]男士说“I'm on my way to the bank"是为了open a savings account,即选项(B);接下来,女士再次提到open a savings account,这其实是降低了此题的难度。
32.[A] He has to use a password.[B] He has to show his ID card.[C] He on13/ needs to fill out a withdrawal form.[D] He needs to fill out a withdrawal form and hand in the check book.32、[参考答案]D
32、[题目解释]男士问withdraw money是否方便,女士很热心,不但回答他取钱非常easy,而且告诉他如何取钱——need to fill out a withdrawal form and hand in your check book together with it,即选项(D)。
33.[A] Both time deposit and current deposit have the same interest rate.[B] The interest rate is high for current deposit.[C] The interest rate is low for time deposit.[D] The interest rate varies with different kinds of deposit.33、[参考答案]D
33、[题目解释]女士说银行有两种存款方式-time deposit and current deposit。后来,男士问女士是否知道存款的interest rate,女士说 “For current deposit it is very low”,言外之意就是For time deposit it is high。选项(D)是对此的归纳总结。如果知道interest rate、current deposit和time deposit的意思分别是“利率”、“活期存款”和 “定期存款”,根据常识,只看选项就可以排除其他三项。
题 3440
Section5
37.[A] To ask for help finding a job.[B] To ask him to give her some advice.[C] To invite him to go shopping with her later.[D] To find out what he's doing during the summer.37、[参考答案]B
37、[题目解释]根据Denise说话的内容,他已经得到了一份管理一个在购物中心的一家服装店的工作,可是他的一个教授告诉他,他可能能参加一个在Wayfarer Hotel的暑期培训计划。这两个机会他都不想错过,可见他是向Kelly征询意见的。而从Kelly最后说if I were you,I'd take it anyway也可判断Ken是在给他提供意见,因此答案选(B)。
38.[A] He might get a good job later.[B] He could stay at a hotel at a discount.[C] He might be able to get course credits for her work.[D] It'd give him a chance to make a tot of money immediately.38、[参考答案]A
38、[题目解释]根据对话中it might lead to something with them after graduation.They're one of the biggest hotel chains in the area,其中lead to something with them after graduation指的是毕业后能得到一份好工作,因此答案选(A)。
39.[A] He'll have to work at the hotel during the school year.[B] He'll have to work long hours.[C] His rent will be expensive.[D] It doesn't pay very well.39、[参考答案]D
39、[题目解释]Denise在谈到暑期的培训项目时说the problem is that I wouldn't be making nearly as much money as 1 would be working in the clothing store,由此可见(D)项正确。
40.[A] Visit the hotel.[B] Work in the clothing store.[C] Continue her job search for a while.[D] Make extra money while taking classes.40、[参考答案]D
40、[题目解释]Kelly最后说如果是她,她就会参加暑期培训,接着说You can always get a job during the school year next year to make a few extra bucks,(D)项是对此的同义转述。
第四篇:英语报刊选读自主学习报告.doc报刊
自主学习报告
学
期:
课程名称:英语报刊选读
专业、班级: 护英
任课教师:
学号:
姓名 一 学习内容
Reading Course In British/American News Publications 1.10月:I.introduction The front page(the first page)is the most important of all the pages.The front page carries the big news.II.⑪The key parts of the Front Page
①Nameplate:is the name of newspaper 报刊名
②ears: 导航
They refer to the boxes on each side of the paper’s name.In the ears(ear)you can find information about the weather, or the sections of the paper, or short advertisement.③cut:插图
It is derived from “woodcut”, a way to print pictures in the early period of newspaper printing.④cutlines:简短说明、插图说明
They refer to the explanatory lines with a picture or illustration, usually under the picture.⑤headline:标题 It refers to the heading printed in large letters above a story.⑥by-line: 作者署名
It refers to the line directly beneath the headline giving the writer’s name.⑦dateline:日期
It refers to the line at the beginning of a story which includes both the date and place of origin of the story.⑧wire service symbol:通讯社
It refers to the symbol of a news organization, such as AP or UPI, which supplies news stories.⑨lead:导语
It refers to the main or opening part of a piece of newspaper writing.⑩body:正文
It refers to the rest of a news story which supports the lead with facts.2.11月:Rhetorical feature 修辞手法 ①Alliteration 押头韵
A series of word that begin with the same letter or sound are used in the headline.②Rhyme 押韵
The sameness of sound between syllables.Eg.An eye high in sky.③Metaphor 暗喻
Is one kind of rhetorical device,which indicates sth.that different from its literal.Eg.Free fall 一落千丈 ④Pun 双关
A humorous use of words which indicate two meanings.⑤Euphemism 委婉语
The use of more pleasant,less direct name instead of unpleasant one.Eg.king to breathe his last(the king is to die.)⑥Autithesis对照
The use of contrasting words or ideas arranged in the balanced structure for emphasis.⑦parody仿词
It change the form of same words in some proverbs,famous saying etc.⑧idioms习语、俚语 Eg.hot water 处境困难 ⑨synecdoche 借代
Part of something is used to refer to the whole things.⑩Oxymoron矛盾修辞 A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist.E.g.: sound of silence, a true lie, victorious defeat, falsely true, sweet sadness,much ado about nothing.所谓矛盾修辞法(Oxymoron)是指将语义截然相反对立的词语放在一起使用,来揭示某一项事物矛盾性质的一种修辞手法。换言之,它使用两种不相协调,甚至截然相反的特征来形容一项事物,以增强语言感染力。在阅读理解解码过程中,矛盾修辞法可以产生出两种强烈的修辞效果
3.12月:I:Sentence Headline 句式标题
① Straight headlines /statement headline 直陈式标题 Simply tell the main topic of the story.Eg.Girl Die in Blaze ② Question Headlines 疑问式标题
Although they always followed by a question mark,most are not real questions.They may just suggest a future possibility or some doubt about the truth of the story so as to attract readers’ interest.eg.Should students pay more fees? ③ Quotation Headline引语式标题
Also tell the main topic of the story,besides they have other advantages-help the reporter begin a story with an unproven statement,tell readers words are being used outside their normal meaning.④ Feature Headlines特写式标题
Are marked by language that can attract reader’s amazement or curiosity.They reflect the tones of the stories rather than summarize the facts in stories.II:Translation of news headlines ①literal translation 直译法
If English headline can be understood easily.then we can use direct translation.eg.Looking back to look ahead.回顾过去,展望未来
②Free/liberal translation 意译法
Adding explanatory words添加注释性语言 eg.Pierre werner 欧元之父
二 总结与反思
1.收获:英美报刊文章有着与中文表达不同风格。英美报刊文章有着自己的词汇、语法结构和修辞特点,各类报刊的风格也不尽相同,各自有各自独特的特点。通过对报刊选读的学习,从报刊的分类、文章的修辞手法以及对报刊的翻译方法等发面的学习,学生不仅提高了对英语报刊内容的阅读速度,还能较快速的找到文章的重点,快速掌握了文章中心思想和主要内容的能力。另一方面,阅读英语报刊是提升英语阅读水平的最好方法,通过学习,学生不仅感觉英语阅读能力有明显的提高还扩大了学生的知识面,增加了对世界文化的了解,尤其是加深了对英语国国家的文化及社会现状的了解。2.问题:
a.由于对欧美报刊分类以及报刊之间的联系缺乏了解,不认识欧美的诸多著名报刊。
b.对报刊文章里面的某些语言和背景知识不理解,所以很难理解文章想要表达的内容。
3.原因:
1)缺乏对欧美文化、历史、政治、军事等方面的了解,遇到某些专有名词或含有意义的词语不能充分体会。
2)欧美报刊文章与国内报刊文章差别较大,易受国内报刊文章风格,写作手法影响以及误导。
3)欧美报刊风格多样化,对欧美报刊文章阅读量太少。
4)学时太短,课上学的东西太少,课后没有能及时的复习以及展开扩展学习。
4.解决办法:
(一)多复习以及巩固欧美报刊文章分类、修辞手法、语法等知识。
(二)加强对欧美文化、历史等方面的学习以及了解。
(三)多阅读欧美报刊文章。有不会的标记与老师同学多讨论学习。
第五篇:关于英语自主学习的研究性学习报告
关于英语自主学习的研究性学习报告
按照自主学习理论之父霍勒克的定义,自主学习能力就是“管理自己学习的能力”。从外语学习的角度来讲,自主学习可以使一个学生在课堂学习时间有限的情况下提高外语能力,直至掌握这门外语。大学生拥有较多的业余时间,可利用的课外资源也比较丰富;他们拥有较强的自我意识和自我管理能力,学习目标和职业目标也更加明确,所以他们有充分的自主学习的条件。而大学英语又是一门重要课程,大学生不仅面临四、六级考试的压力,还要应对社会对他们的英语能力日益增强的要求。在这种形势下,英语自主学习不仅是必要的,也是切实可行的。根据国内外自主学习的相关理论和我国大学英语教、学现状,培养大学生英语自主学习能力可从下列几个方面做起。培养自知,树立自信
自知包括对自己的学习愿望、目的、观念、风格等的认识。研究者本森和沃勒提出,“一项学习活动的成功在某种程度上是以学习者对世界、尤其是对该学习活动的态度,自我感觉,学习欲望为条件的”。所以,教师应首先帮助学生反思自己的学习观,鼓励他们树立正确的态度,形成主动学习的愿望。只有拥有主动的态度,学习者才有可能在他的学习过程中扮演积极的角色,产生独立的想法,并利用各种学习机会,而不是仅仅对老师的教学刺激做出反应。此外,强烈而积极的动机是对外语产生兴趣、进而要努力学会这门语言的重要条件,动机能在困难的时候使学习者产生坚韧不拔的信念,而坚持常常能克服能力和环境所带来的局限, 所以, 动机培养也很重要。教师还应帮助学生树立自尊、自信。要让他们相信自身的努力对学英语至关重要,而自己有决心付出努力;不论自己的英语基础是好是坏, 都有能力管理好自己的学习。自尊和自信可以产生责任感和独立感,促使学习者为自己的学习承担责任和后果。自尊和自信也是建立在清楚的自我认知上的,明白自己的认知特点是理性还是感性,场依赖型还是场独立型,视觉型还是听觉型等,学生就不会盲从和模仿别人,而能有针对性地选择适用于自身特点的学习材料和学习方法,取得事半功倍的效果。确立目标,制定计划
目标在个体的学习过程中起参照点的作用,个体正是在既定学习目标的引导下,不断调控着自己的学习过程和学习策略。因此,目标被看成是自主学习的核心构成成分。但徐锦芬等人的研究发现,很多大学生虽然认为英语学习很重要,但他们除了完成老师布置的作业、预习、复习课文等之外,并无学习英语的计划,即使有,时间的安排也相当随意,往往不能达到预期目标。鉴于这种情况,教师应担当起帮助者和监督者的角色,指导学生根据自己的英语基础、能力水平、个人兴趣、专业特点和未来发展的需要制定学习目标。告诉他们不要制定诸如“我要尽量争取过四级”这样模糊的目标, 要制定多项小的、具体的短期目
标,因为近期目标的实现能够使学生更快地看到自己某些能力的增长,对他们的意志控制要求也更低,而一个目标的成功实现往往会促进新目标的确定和实现。计划中的学习时间安排非常重要。根据调查结果,很多学生不是自觉地利用自习时间或业余时间安排学习活动,有70% 被调查的学生自称对这些时间抓得不紧,其他类似的调查也表明学生在学习时间的自我安排和管理上不尽如人意。毫无疑问,在使用有效策略的情况下,要获得较高的英语能力,就得在环境许可的条件下尽可能多地接触英语。自主学习研究者齐莫曼建议让学生确立有规律的学习时段,使自己在每天预定的时间内学习成为一种习惯。他认为教会学生有效地管理和安排自己的学习时间也是自主学习教学中需要确立的一个重要目标。这种教学一般包括如下步骤:与学生讨论时间的运用;让学生在某个时间段内记录下自己的时间运用,认识到自己是如何利
用时间的;制定个人时间表,确定可以自主使用的时间;让学生估计完成自主学习活动所需要的时间,并相应地填入时间表;本段结束后检查计划的完成情况和学习效果。学习并运用学习策略
目标制定出来之后, 就要付诸实践, 采用适合自己认知特点和学习风格的方法和策略非常重要,正如研究者坎迪所说:“如何学和学什么是密切相关的——一个学习者所采取的总体方法将极大地影响他的学习结果”。那么,我们的学生策略使用情况如何呢?徐锦芬等对非英语专业大学生的英语自主学习的调查显示,许多学生不知道什么是学习策略;而根据王静等对自主学习的调查,无论对于英语学习的总策略,还是对于各单项技能如词汇学习、阅读学习等的策略使用,受试学生绝大多数在“有时使用”的范畴以下,表明我们的学生学习策略使用频率很低。这种情况与我国英语教学一贯重知识传授,轻技能培养有关,所以,对学生进行明确的策略培训是十分必要的。
根据著名的策略研究者科恩的观点,“提高学习者策略意识的最有效的方法是教师把以策略为基础的教学作为外语课程的一部分传授给学生”,“明确地教给他们如何应用语言学习和使用策略”,也就是让学生学会如何学外语。研究者查莫特和卢宾提出了策略培训的做法: 发现并讨论学习者已经使用的策略;呈现新的策略;示范新策略;解释为什么、在什么时候使用这些策略;用真实的任务练习策略使用、验证其效果。因此, 我们可以引导学生对英语学习中的强项和弱项进行自我诊断;让他们对自己熟悉的策略和新习得的策略进行比较、试验;让他们自己决定以什么策略完成一项学习任务;给他们机会尝试将以往的成功策略用于新的学习情景。这些对学生更多地控制自己的学习大有益处。策略渗透最好在英语课堂上长期进行,针对学习内容和学习活动随时给学生介绍相关策略,并指导和监督他们使用,同时对个别学生进行个别指导。需要注意的是, 策略培训的最终目标是让学生有自觉的意识使用策略,知道在何时使用何种策略, 而不是以传授具体的策略为重点, 因为它们可能难以穷尽。适时反思、评价和调节
我们许多学生的学习过程中没有自我反思、评价这一环节,他们只是被动地跟着教师的教学程序走, 被动地接受教师的监督和检查,而从未把自己当作自己学习的观察者,监督者, 评判者和操纵者, 这就需要教师引导、帮助他们培养这种能力。反思首先涉及自我判断的过程,包括自我评价和归因分析。自我评价指对学习结果是否与预期的目标一致以及对学习结果的重要性的评判,归因分析是指对造成既定学习结果的原因进行分析,如较差的学习成绩是因为能力有限还是因为努力不够造成的,等等。评价可从学习的质量、数量、速度等几个方面进行,研究者们大都认为学生用书面形式进行反思会受益很多,比如写学习日记,阶段总结,自我报告等,教师只需帮助他们弄清楚用哪些标准来评价自己的学习。
自主学习本质上是一种自我调节的学习,亦即个体主动选择、调节、控制自己的学习的过程,对英语学习而言,指“学习者不停地根据系统内外因素的变化来调整观念和方法,使各因素之间的关系处于最佳协调状态,使学习英语的潜在能力全部发挥出来”。语言学习系统是开放的,动态的,在不同的时期,学习的重
点和难点是不一样的,学习策略也应随情况的变化而变化,所以,“调控”是策略系统良好运作,取得良好学习效果的关键。在学生不能做到适时、自觉进行策略调整时,教师可加以提醒、点拨,或亲自进行调控,随后逐渐放手,只对学生的自我调节进行监督, 作出鼓励性、形成性评价即可。结语
自主学习能力的培养是现代教育的一个重要目标,也是我国当前大学英语教学改革的一个重要目标,“教学模式改革成功的一个重要标志就是学生个性化学习方法的形成和学生自
主学习能力的发展”。我们的培养目标是让学生能够在未来的非教学环境中自主地学习其职业和生活所需要的外语知识和技能,大学阶段的自主能力培养很重要,应从激发学生自知、指导他们制定学习计划、进行策略培训、发展元认知调控等几个基本步骤逐步、全面地发展。