下载文档第一篇：六级翻译技巧以及话题
英语六级翻译对很多同学来说都是一个大难点，其实六级翻译也是有技巧的。下面来看小编为大家整理的202_年12月英语六级翻译技巧之词的翻译，希望对大家有所帮助。
(一)词的翻译
1.词义选择
所谓词义选择，是指词本来就有这个意思，问题是要我们将其在特定场合的正确意思选出来。正确选词是保证译文质量的重要环节，如果能做到在词语意义和字面形式上都对等当然最好，如果不能兼顾，则取意义，舍形式。越是普通的词，越是拥有繁多的释义和搭配，翻译过程中的词义也就越难以确定。选词时，要注意词义的广狭、所处的语境、词义的褒贬和感情色彩。
例1
原文：但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。
译文：However, New Year's Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gatherfor the annual reunion dinner.分析：“年夜饭”此处实际就是每年一度的团圆饭，为了让译文更符合英语国家的习惯，这里用的是annual reunion dinner，理解起来更容易。
例2
原文：人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联(couplets)„„译文：And doors will be decorated with red couplets„
分析：原文中“粘贴”的意思其实就是用对联装饰门窗，如果直译的话表达不出真实的意图，因此这里用了“decorate”，表意更直接。
2、词类转换
词类转换是汉译英常用的一种手段。汉语的动态性和具体性特点使其在语言运用上多用动词。英语则因其静态性和抽象性特点在语言使用上呈现出名词化和介词化倾向。在汉译英的过程中，适当转换词性，可以使泽文更符合英语表达习惯。
(1)动词→名词
汉语巾动词使用比较频繁，而且动词既没有时态变化的约束，也没有谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式之分，动词甚至可以充当句子的各种成分。相反，英语动词的使用受到形态变化规则的严格限制。一个句子往往只有一个谓语动词，大量原来应该由动词表达的概念，常需借助于名词，因为名词比较不受形态规则变化的束缚，使用相对灵活、方便。
例
原文：各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异。
译文：Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.分析：原句中“欢度”是动词，但是如果译文中也用动词来表达，则整个句子的结构显得罗嗦，不够整洁，所以译文中用了“celebration”来表达，使得整个甸子更匀称、清晰。
(2)动词→介词
介词与名词密切相关，英语名词的广泛使用使得介词也得以频繁出现。而且英语中有些介词本身是由动词演变而来的，具有动词的特征。因此，汉译英时，有些动词可以用介词来表达。
例
原文：但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。
However, New Year's Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.(3)动词→形容词
汉语的一些动词也常常可以用英语的形容词来表达，这些形容词通常是与动词同源的词这样的译文有时比直接使用动词更地道、标准。
例
原文：在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。
译文：It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing dynasties.由于语法结构和修辞的需要，汉语的形容词和副词也可以转译成英语的名词。
例
原文„„只有这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。
译文„leaving these living things to enj0Y this moment of dusk with full ease and freedom.(5)名词→动词
有些情况下，汉语的名词由英语的动词表达，此时汉语中修饰名词的形容词也随之改为英语中作状语使用的副词。
例
原文：地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异。
译文：Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.分析：原文中“差异”为名词，为了符合英文的表达习惯，译文中将其转换为动词“vary”，原文中修饰“差异”一词的形容词“很大”转换为了副词“widely”，使译文更生动。
3、词的增补
(1)语法需要
由于汉英两种语言的差异，汉译英时往往需要补充汉语里省去的词语或没有的词类，以使译文符合英语语法的要求。增词译法在汉译英中实际上是添加原文为了语言简洁而省去的成分，增补的词多为冠词(英语所特有)、代词或名词(充当句子的主语、宾语、定语等成分)、连词和介词等。
例
原文：但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。
译文：However，New Year's Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.分析：英语中用得最多的介词有at, by，for，from，in，of，on，to和with。这些介词是连接英语句子的重要纽带，在英语中起着极其重要的作用。汉译英时，要根据上下文搭配灵活地选择介词。另外，译文中增译“all occasion”来解释说明“除夕夜”的作用，使得除夕夜的作用更加突出，彰显r巾国人对于除夕夜的重视。
(2)意思表达需要
例
原文：这是黄河滩上的一幕。
译文：This is a scene taking place on the shore of the Yellow River.分析：在翻译“这是黄河滩上的一幕”时，增译taking place短语，使译文表达更为生动贴切。
(3)文化背景解释的需要
中西文化差异的存在使得英语和汉语包含着许多文化色彩浓厚且不易为译文读者所理解的词语。因此，在翻译过程中需要使用增词译法，把棚关文化背景知识翻译出来。例
原文：三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮。
译文：The wit of three cobblers combined surpasses that of Zhuge Liang，the master mind.4、词的减省
所谓词的减省，就是翻译时，把原文中一些仅仅为了语法上的需要而存在的词、词组加以适当省略，从而达到译文通顺、意思完整而句子精练的目的。汉语中重复的部分可以是主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语等，在译成英语时需适当删减，以保持句子的通畅。
例
原文：为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。
译文：It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to
sweep away misfortune and bring in good luck.分析：删减了原句中的“进行”一词。
5、词的替代
重复是汉语中常用的一种语篇衔接手段，虽然英语中也用重复，但多是利用词语的重复来体现语义的强调或进行语言润饰。汉语以重复见长，英语则以省略见长。因此在汉译英时，可采用替代的方法来避免重复。在英语中主要有三种替代现象：名词成分替代、谓语成分替代和分句替代。
1.注意时态
汉语当中多主动，英语当中多被动。
2.注意用词
翻译重点考察语言的应用能力，所以在考试时，应尽量避免使用一些过于简单的词汇，而应选择一些更高级的词汇。比如“have to”可以换成“be obliged to”，“help to”可以换成“contribute to”。
3.注意搭配
这里的搭配主要指一些固定搭配。比如“学习知识”不用“learn knowledge”，而必须用“acquire knowledge”;“concern”后面的介词必须跟“over”而不是“of”等等。
下面给大家总结出了常见的一些搭配:
动词和名词的搭配：
raise awareness, adopt measures, take steps, adopt approaches
动词词组的搭配：
give a green light to, deepen one’s understanding of, pave the way for
形容词和名词的搭配：
compelling reason, ample evidence, harsh punishment
名词词组environmental awareness, coverage of crime, health effect
介宾短语的搭配in the media, on the internet, on television, in newspapers
表示某个特定意思的习惯搭配：
lead a fulfilling life, close the rich/poor gap, discriminate between right and wrong
have a higher chance of developing cancer, fail to achieve work-life balance
避免中式英文的直接翻译
improve the problem →solve the problem or improve the situation
接触暴力contact with violence→exposure to violence
针对儿童的广告advertisements about children→advertisements aimed at children.4.懂得变通词汇
另辟蹊径，试着用几个词去解释自己突然想不起的单词或者找同义词，近义词来替换。
如“匿名”对应的单词是“anonymity”，可以用“a unknown name”来代替。”美化”对应的单词“beautify”,可以用“make sth more beautiful”来代替。英语六级翻译常考词组有哪些?下面新东方小编为您整理了英语六级翻译常考词组100条，请大家熟悉记忆。
1.at the thought of一想到„
2.as a whole(=in general)就整体而论
3.at will 随心所欲
4.(be)abundant in(be rich in;be well supplied with)富于，富有
5.access(to)(不可数名词)能接近，进入，了解
6.Without accident(=safely)安全地，7.of one's own accord(=without being asked;willingly;freely)自愿地 ,主动地
8.in accord with 与„一致.out of one's accord with 同„。不一致
9.with one accord(=with everybody agreeing)一致地
10.in accordance with(=in agreement with)依照，根据
11.on one's own account
1)为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利益
2)(=at one's own risk)自行负责
3)(=by oneself)依靠自己
12.take„into account(=consider)把.....考虑进去
13.give sb.an account of 说明，解释(理由)
14.account for(=give an explanation or reason for)解释，说明。
15.on account of(=because of)由于，因为。
16.on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要，无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)
17.accuse„of„(=charge„with;blame sb.for sth.;blame sth.on sb.;complain about)指控，控告
18.be accustomed to(=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于。
19.be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of)了解;(=to have met socially)熟悉-
20.act on 奉行，按照„行动;act as 扮演;act for 代理
21.adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to)使自己适应于
22.adapt„(for)(=make sth.Suitable for a new need)改编，改写(以适应新的需要)
23.in addition(=besides)此外，又，加之
24.in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除„外
25.adhere to(=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief)粘附;坚持，遵循
26.adjacent(=next to, close to)毗邻的，临近的 27.adjust..(to)(=change slightly)调节;适应;
28.admit of(=be capable of, leave room for)„的可能，留有„的余地。
29.in advance(before in time)预告，事先
30.to advantage 有利的，使优点更加突出地
31.have an advantage over 胜过
have the advantage of 由于„处于有利条件
have the advantage of sb。知道某人所不知道的事
32.take advantage of(=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用
33.agree with 赞同(某人意见)agree to 同意
34.in agreement(with)同意，一致
35.ahead of 在„之前，超过„;ahead of time 提前
36.in the air 1)不肯定，不具体.2)在谣传中
37.above all(=especially, most important of all)尤其是，最重要的 38.in all(=counting everyone or everything, altogether)总共，总计
39.after all 毕竟，到底;
1)(not)at all 一点也不;
2)all at once(=suddenly)突然;
3)once and for all 只此一次;
4)above all 最重要的;
5)first of all 首先;
6)all in all 大体上说;
7)be all in 累极了;
8)all but 几乎
40.allow for(=take into consideration, take into account)考虑到，估计到
41.amount to(=to be equal to)总计，等于。
42.answer for(undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for)对„负责。
43.answer to(=conform to)适合，符合。
44.be anxious about 为„焦急不安;或anxious for
45.apologize to sb.for sth.为„向„道歉
46.appeal to sb.for sth.为某事向某人呼吁.appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力
47.apply to sb.for sth.为„向„申请;apply for申请;apply to 适用。
48.apply to 与„有关;适用
49.approve of(=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right)赞成，approve vt.批准
50.arise from(=be caused by)由„引起。中国式礼仪
每种文化都有自己的行为准则，中国也不例外。在中国，跟别人打招呼时，你或者点个头，或者微微鞠个躬。握手也很常见，但你要等到中国朋友先伸手才可以。另外，与西方社会的做法截然相反，中国人不太喜欢被陌生人触碰。所以不 要轻易地触碰别人，除非你完全有这样的必要。最后一点，根据儒家思想(Confiicianism)的观点，老人在任何情况下都应该受到年轻人的尊敬。你应该总是以老人为先，并对他们表本最大的敬意。
翻译：Every culture has its rules on how to act，and China is no different.In China,to greet someone, you nod your head，or you bow slightly.Handshakes are also common, but you should wait for your Chinese partner to initiate the motion.In addition，as opposed to those found in Western society，Chinese people do not enjoy being touched by strangers.Don’t touch someone unless you absolutely have to.Finally, from the perspective of Confucianism, the elders are to be respected in every situation by those who are younger.You should always acknowledge the elders first,and show the most respect to them.讲解：1.行为准则：有多种译法，如rules on how to act, rules of conduct或standard of behavior。
2.中国也不例外：可译为China is no different或China is no exception。
3.打招呼:即greet。
4.截然相反：可译为as opposed to。
5.在任何情况下：可使用短语in every situation表达。
6.以老人为先：可译为acknowledge the elders first。
吹糖人
作为中国传统的民间艺术，吹糖人(Sugar Figure Blowing Art)历史悠久，然而 随着中国经济的发展，这一艺术正渐渐消失。据说这一民间艺术始于宋朝，当时被称为戏剧糖果(operacandy)。吹糖人以糖作为基本材料，糖人艺人用自己的方法熬 ft,然g吹或各种人物。艺人先把糖加热到适当的温度，然后拉一些糖稀(syrup)捏成一团，再用各种技巧做出不同的形状,并涂上鲜艳的颜色。这种艺术是手、眼、心、呼吸和一定温度所需时间控制的真正结合。一项技术不过关，整个过程都会失敗。
翻译：As a truditional Chinese folk art, the Sugar Figure Blowing Art have a long history.But it is gradually disappearing in the process of economic development in China.It is said that this folk drt was formed in the Song Dynasty;at that time it wan called opera candy.The Sugar Figure Blowing Art uses sugar as its basic material, and the artists have their own ways to boil sugar and blow it into various figures.Artists heat up sugar to proper temperature, then pull some syrup and knead it to a ball.Then they make different shapes by using different skills and paint bright colors on the figures.This art is really a combination of hand, eye, heart, breath, and the timing of temperature skill.If there is one skill you couldn’t perform well, the whole procedure will be a failure.解析：1.历史悠久:可译为have a long history.2.戏剧糖果:可译为opera candy.3.以糖作为基本材料：可译为uses sugar as its basic material。中国民间艺
中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳(yin-yang)生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会，是对人类的人生感悟的哲学注解。中国人祖先的哲学论断是“近看自己，远观他人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术的原始艺术，这一结论必不 可少。人类的本能欲望是生存并通过繁衍(propagation)继续存在。人生来的首要 本能是求生，然后是长寿。从原始社会到今天，阴阳和永生的观念始终贯穿中国的社会生活和民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会的所有基本哲学理念。
翻译：Chinese folk art and Chinese philosophy are unified in the belief that yin-yang produces all living things in the world.Originated in Chinese primitive society, this was the philosophical explanation of human's perception of life.Chinese ancestors philosophical conclusion was to “look at oneself up close and other creatures from afar”，which is essential to the understanding of the primitive art to the folk art of the nation.To live and to continue life through propagation are the two instinctive desires of human.From birth, a person's first instinct is to survive, and then to live a long life.From primitive society to the present day, the view of yin-yang and perpetual life has permeated in all aspects of social life and the national culture of Chinese society.Chinese folk art reflects all of the basic philosophical concepts.讲解：1.阴阳生万物：可译为；yin-yang produces all living things in the world。
2.源于：可用originate in，spring from或stem from来表达。
3.人类的人生感悟：可译为human's perception of life。
4.近看自己，远观他人：可译为look at oneself up close and other creatures from afar。其中look at sth.up dose意为“近距离观察某物”。
5.人类的本能欲望：可译为instinctive desires of human其中instinctive意为“本能的”。
6.贯穿中国的社会生活和民族文化：可译为be in all aspects of social life and the national culture of Chinese society。
7.所有基本哲学理念：可译为all of the basic philosophical concepts。
每种文化都有自己的行为准则，中国也不例外。在中国，跟别人打招呼时，你或者点个头，或者微微鞠个躬。握手也很常见，但你要等到中国朋友先伸手才可以。另外，与西方社会的做法截然相反，中国人不太喜欢被陌生人触碰。所以不 要轻易地触碰别人，除非你完全有这样的必要。最后一点，根据儒家思想(Confiicianism)的观点，老人在任何情况下都应该受到年轻人的尊敬。你应该总是以老人为先，并对他们表本最大的敬意。
译文：Every culture has its rules on how to act，and Chinais no different.In China,to greet someone, you nodyour head，or you bow slightly.Handshakes arealso common, but you should wait for your Chinesepartner to initiate the motion.In addition，asopposed to those found in Western society，Chinese people do not enjoy being touched bystrangers.Don’t touch someone unless you absolutely have to.Finally, from the perspectiveof Confucianism, the elders are to be respected in every situation by those who are younger.You should always acknowledge the elders first,and show the most respect to them.解析：1.行为准则：有多种译法，如rules on how to act, rules of conduct或standard of behavior。
2.中国也不例外：可译为China is no different或China is no exception。
3.打招呼:即greet。
4.截然相反：可译为as opposed to。
5.在任何情况下：可使用短语in every situation表达。
6.以老人为先：可译为acknowledge the elders first。
中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪(tuhao)和大妈(dama)都是老词，但是已获取了新的意义。土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或者喜欢炫耀财富的人，也就是说，土豪有钱，但没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但现在特指不久前金价下跌时大量购买黄精的中国妇女。土豪和大妈可能会被人收入新版牛津(Oxford)英语词典，至今已有约120个中文词被加进了牛津英语词典，成为了英语语言的一部分。
翻译
The Chinese heated words usually reflectsocial changes and culture, some of which are increasingly popular with foreignmedia.Tuhao and dama, for example, are both old words, but they get differentmeanings now。
The word tuhao used to mean rural landlordswho oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to people spendingmoney without limits or those showing off all around.That is to say, tuhaoowns money rather than taste.The word dama is used to describe middle-agedwomen.However, it is regarded as a special word to call those Chinese womenwho rushed to purchase gold when the gold price decreased sharply not long ago。
Tuhaoand dama may be included in the new Oxford dictionary.Up to now, about 120Chinese words have been listed in it and became part of the English language.【真题】—科学发展
最近，中国科学院(Chinese Academy of Sciences)出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一年展望的年度系列报告。系列报告包括三部分：科学发展报告、高技术发展报告、中国可持续发展战略报告。第一份报告包含中国科学家的最新发现，诸如新粒子研究与H7N9病毒研究的突破，该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的突破。该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的热门领域。如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份报告呼吁加强顶层设计，以消除工业升级中的结构性障碍，并促进节能减排。
翻译：ChineseAcademy of Science recently published an annual report about its latestscientific findings and the prospect of the next year.The report consists ofthree parts:science development, more advanced technology development and thesustainable strategy of China.The first one includes the latest findings ofChinese scientists, such as the research of new particle and the breakthroughin the study of H7N9 virus.Furthermore, it highlights some problems we need tofocus in next few years.The second one announces some heated fields in appliedscience.For example, the 3－dimension print and the study of artificialorgans.The third one suggests people enhance the top design in order to getrid of the structural obstacles in industrial upgrading and to promote theenergy-saving and emission-reduction.【真题】—丝绸之路
闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路延伸6,000多公里，得名于古代中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和中东文明发展中发挥了重要作用。正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术等四大发明才被引介到世界各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器（porcelain）也传遍全球。物质文化的交流是双向的，欧洲也通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需求。
翻译：The world-renowned Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the West.It extended more than 6,000 kilometers.The Silk Road was named after ancient China’s silk trade which played an important role in the civilization development of China, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East.It was through the Silk Road that papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing of the four great inventions of ancient China were introduced around the world.Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain spread all over the world.Europe also exported various goods and plants through the Silk Road to meet the needs of the Chinese market.【真题】—治理污染
北京计划未来三年投资7，600亿元治理污染，从减少PM2.5排放入手，这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500多万俩机动车的尾气(exhaust)排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。另有850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水(sewage)处理设施，加上300亿元投资未来三年的植树造林(forestation)市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，将更严厉地处罚违反限排规定的行为。
翻译：Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan to curb environmental pollution in the next three years, starting from reducing the emissions of pm 2.5 emissions.The newly announced plan is intended to reduce the four major sources of pollution, including exhaust emissions of 5 million motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and construction dust in the locality.Another 85 billion yuan is used for establishing or upgrading the facilities of municipal waste treatment and sewage treatment.Besides, 30 billion yuan invests to the afforestation program in the next three years.In order to improve the environment, the municipal government also plans to build a good number of plants which can use recycled water and to stop illegal construction.In addition, Beijing will punish those people who violate the regulations of emission-reduction more severely.中西方对动物的不同解读
同一种动物在东西方不同的文化背景下所表达的含义不尽相同。在西方人眼里，蝙蝠就是一个邪恶、丑陋的吸血鬼(bloodsucker)。但是在我国南方，旧式住 宅的门上常常雕刻着蝙蝠，因为蝙蝠是好运、健康、财富、幸福的象征。西方人认 为孔雀走起路来总是趾高气扬，目中无人，头冠(crown)频频摆动，还不时开屏炫耀其美丽，这是“骄傲”、“虚荣”的表现。而中国人认为孔雀开屏是喜庆吉祥的象征，所以人们常用孔雀比喻美丽的人或事物。
翻译：The same animal in different culture backgrounds between the East and the West respectively expresses different meanings.To the West, bats are evil, ugly bloodsucker;but in southern China, bats are often carved on the doors of the old houses, because they are symbols of fortune, health, wealth and happiness.Westerners generally believe that the peacock always walks around with her nose in the air, swinging its crown repeatedly, and shows off its beautiful tail frequently.These are signs of pride and vanity.In contrast,Chinese think it symbolizes joy and luck that the peacock spreads its tail.So people often compare the peacock to beautiful persons or things.解析：1.东西方不同的文化背景:可译为different culture backgrounds between the East and the West。
2.上雕刻着:可译为被动形式be carved on„
3.走起路来总是趾高气扬，目中无人:可简译为always walks around with her nose in the air。with one's nose in the air即有“目中无人地”意思。
4.孔雀开屏:可译为 the peacock spreads its tail。
5.用...比喻:可译为compare„to„
京剧被奉为中国的国粹，来源于18世纪晚期的安徽和湖北的当地剧种。京剧是中国所有剧种中最有影响力和代表性的，在中国乃至世界享有声誉。京剧完美融合了多种艺术形式。京剧集传统音乐、舞蹈、诗歌、杂耍、武术于一身，以华丽的戏服、逼真的脸谱和程式化的演出套路而闻名。京剧脸谱上每一种图形和亮丽的颜色都有象征意义：红色表示忠诚，蓝色表示残暴，黑色表示正直。
翻译：Known as China’s national opera, Peking Opera originated in the late 18th century from the basis of some local operas in Anhui and Hubei Provinces.Peking Opera is the most influential and representative of all operas in China.It has won great popularity not only in China but also throughout the world.Peking Opera is a harmonious combination of many art forms.It is a synthesis of traditional music, dancing, poetry, acrobatics and martial arts.It is famous for its exquisite costumes, beautiful make-up or painted face, and established performing conventions and rules.Each of patterns and brilliant colors on the painted face has a symbolic meaning: red suggests loyalty;blue suggests cruelty;black suggests honesty.解析：京剧 Peking Opera
国粹 national opera
有代表性的 representative
完美融合 harmonious combination
杂耍 acrobatics 武术 martial arts
华丽的戏服 exquisite costume
脸谱 make-up or painted face
象征的 symbolic
忠诚 loyalty
残暴 cruelty
正直 honesty
中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳(yin-yang)生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会，是对人类的人生感悟的哲学注解。中国人祖先的哲学论断是“近看自己，远观他人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术的原始艺术，这一结论必不 可少。人类的本能欲望是生存并通过繁衍(propagation)继续存在。人生来的首要 本能是求生，然后是长寿。从原始社会到今天，阴阳和永生的观念始终贯穿中国的社会生活和民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会的所有基本哲学理念。
参考翻译：
Chinese folk art and Chinese philosophy are unifiedin the belief that yin-yang produces all living things inthe world.Originated in Chinese primitive society,this was the philosophical explanation of human'sperception of life.Chinese ancestors philosophicalconclusion was to “look at oneself up close and other creatures from afar”，which is essentialto the understanding of the primitive art to the folk art of the nation.To live and to continuelife through propagation are the two instinctive desires of human.From birth, a person's firstinstinct is to survive, and then to live a long life.From primitive society to the present day,the view of yin-yang and perpetual life has permeated in all aspects of social life and thenational culture of Chinese society.Chinese folk art reflects all of the basic philosophicalconcepts.长期以来，饮酒(white spirit)在中国人的生活中一直扮演着重要的角色，无论是帝王还是百姓。饮酒是中国文化的一部分。中国人的祖先在作诗、写散文时喜欢饮酒，在宴会上还会向亲戚朋友敬酒。但饮酒不仅属于文化人，也是普通人生活中不可缺少的一部分。人们在各种场合饮酒，如生日宴会、饯行宴会、婚礼宴会(wedding banquet)等。搬进新房或生意开业时，也会邀请人们来吃饭、饮酒。
参考翻译：
Drinking white spirit has been taking an importantrole in Chinese people's life from emperors toordinary people for a long time.Drinking white spiritis a part of Chinese culture.Chinese ancestorsenjoyed drinking white spirit while writing poems orproses and they also toasted their relatives and friends at the feast.But drinking white spirit isnot only for scholars，it is also an indispensable part of Chinese ordinary people's life.Peopledrink white spirit on various occasions, such as the birthday party，farewell dinner，weddingbanquet, etc.When someone moves into a new house or starts doing business，he/she willinvite people for dinner and drinking white spirit.围棋是两位对弈者之间战略性的棋盘游戏(board game)。围棋已有 3000多年的历史，可以说是所有古代棋类游戏的起源。围棋的规则很简单，但是有数不尽的策略。这就是围棋的魅力所在。下一盘围棋的时间短至15分钟，长至数天。但是多数情况下，下一盘围棋需要一或两个小时。围棋是综合科学、艺术和竞赛的游戏。围棋对于智力发展、性格培养和灵活的策略学习非常有益。难怪围棋已经流行了几千年，并逐渐成为一项国际文化游戏。
参考翻译：
Weiqi is a strategic board game between twoplayers.With a history of over 3,000 years, thegame can be regarded as the originator of all ancientchess games.The rules of Weiqi are very simple butthere are countless variations of strategies.This iswhere the beauty of the game lies.The time for one round of weiqi can be as short as 15minutes or as long as a few days.In most cases, though, it takes one or two hours to finishone round.Weiqi is a game that combines science, art and competition.It's beneficial forintelligence development, personality cultivation and flexible strategy learning.It's nowonder the game having been popular for thousands of years and is gradually becoming aninternational cultural game.唐朝时期，人们就在昌南建造窑坊(kiln),烧制出一种青白瓷(bluish white porcelain)。青白瓷色彩晶莹，有“人造玉器”的美称，因而远近闻名，并大量出口欧洲。当时，欧洲人还不会制造瓷器，因此中国特别是昌南镇的瓷器很受欢迎。在欧洲，昌南镇瓷器是备受珍爱的贵重物品，人们以能获得一件昌南镇瓷器为荣。因此，欧洲人就以“昌南”作为瓷器和生产瓷器的“中国”的代称。久而久之，欧洲人就把昌南的本意忘却了，只记得它是“瓷器”，即“中国”了。
【参考翻译】
In the Tang Dynasty, people started to build kilns tomake bluish white porcelain in Changnan.The bluishwhite porcelain was glittering and had thereputation of artificial jade, so it became famoushome and abroad and was exported to Europe inlarge amount.At that time, Europeans were not able to make porcelain,so porcelain fromChina，especially from Changnan，was warmly welcomed.In Europe，porcelain from Changnanwas luxurious article cherished by everyone, and obtaining even one piece of it would makepeople feel very proud.In this way，Europeans used Changnan as the code name for china(porcelain)and the place of its production，China.Gradually, Europeans forgot the originalmeaning of Changnan，only remembering it is “china”，namely“China”.【词汇解析】
1.烧制出一种青白瓷:可译为make bluish whiteporcelain，烧制可译为 make，“青白色的”可译为bluishwhite。
2.色彩晶萤:可译为glittering,意为“闪闪发光的”。
3.远近闻名:可译为be famous home and abroad。
4.以„为荣:即be proud of,文中译为„make people feelproud。
5.久而久之:理解为“逐渐地”，可用gradually来表达。
6.只记得它是瓷器:根据前后句，本句可译为only remembering it is “china”, 用现在分词作状语来表达。
脸谱(facial makeup)是指中国传统戏剧—京剧里男演员脸部的彩色化妆。它在色彩、形式和类型上有一定的格式。脸谱运用红色、黄色、白色、黑色、紫色、绿色和银色代表不同的人物性格。各角色的脸谱由油漆、粉和油彩画成，基本形式是整脸、三块瓦脸(San Kuai Wa Lian)和碎脸。这些脸谱类型被广泛用于代 表将军、官员、英雄、神灵和鬼魅。通过眼睛和鼻子周围形状各异的白色小块, 可以辨别出丑角(Chou actors)。有时这些小块以黑色勾勒，常称小花脸。
【参考翻译】
Facial makeup refers to the colorful painting on theface of the actors in Peking Opera, which is atraditional Chinese opera.It has certain format interms of color,design and type.Red，yellow，white，black，purple，green and silverare the main colors used for facial makeup to represent different characters.The facial designsfor the roles are made by painting, powdering and coloring in the basic forms of ZhengLzan(keeping the basic face pattern)，San Kuai Wa Lian(three-section face)and SuiLian(fragmentary face).These types are widely used to represent generals,officials，heroes,gods and ghosts.The Chou(clown)actors can be recognized by the patch of white in variousshapes painted around the eyes and nose.Sometimes these patches are outlined in black, oftencalled Xiao Hua Lian(partly painted face).【词汇解析】
1.脸部的彩色化妆:可译为the colorful painting on theface。
2.在色彩、形式和类型上:可用词组in terms of表达，译为in terms of color,design and type。
3.整脸、三块瓦脸和碎脸:“整脸”是最原始的脸谱形式，利用双眉把脸分为额 和面两个部分的脸谱;“三块瓦脸”是在整脸的基础上再利用口鼻把面部分为左右的脸谱;“碎脸”是三块瓦脸的变种，其分界边缘花形极大，破坏了原有的轮廓。这里可先音译成汉语拼音，再在括号内加以解释说明。
4.形状各异的:即“不同形状的”，可译为in various shapes或in different shapes。5.丑角:翻译为Chou actors，同样地，括号内可以加注解(Clown)。
6.勾勒:翻译为outline。
华佗是中国东汉(the Eastern Period)和三国时期(the Three Kingdoms Period)著名的医生。他擅长各个医学领域，尤其是外科手术。他被后人称为“外科圣手”(Surgeon Master)”和“外科鼻祖(Founder of Surgery)”。他是一个受过良好教育的人，熟悉古典文学。然而，他拒绝了高官的推荐，决定做一名给老百姓治病的医生。他在开处方和治疗疾病方面技术精湛。此外，他的名字总是和外科手术相联系，因为他被认为是中国第一个外科医生。
参考译文:
Hua Tuo was a renowned Chinese doctor during the Eastern Han Dynasty andthe Three Kingdoms Period.He was good at all fields of medicine，particularly at surgical operations.He was regarded as the “Surgeon Master” and the “Founder of:Surgery”，He was a well-educated man and was familiar with classical literature.However, he refused the recommendation by high officials，and decided to become a doctor to cure the diseases of the common people.He was highly skilled in writing out prescription and curing illness.In addition，his name is always mentioned in relation to surgeiy, as he was considered the first surgeon in China.中国的官方语言普通话在美国的学校中突然热起来。由于中国经济在21世纪的快速发展，美国的公立和私立学校纷纷在外语课程中加入汉语这一科目，或将已有的汉语教学项目进行扩展。据统计，在美国的学校中，有5万名孩子在学习汉语。但推动汉语项目的发展不是没有遇到困难。由于缺乏受过专业训练、持有证书的教师，一些学校很难加入汉语教学的竞争。当学校聘用教师时，它们通常直接从中国招聘，这种方式为文化冲突埋下了隐患。
【翻译译文】
Mandarin, the official language of China, is suddenly hot in American schools.With the rapid development of China’s economy in the 21th century,both public and private schools in America are scrambling to add Mandarin to their curricula of foreign languages or expandingChinese language programs already in place.By some estimates, as many as 50 000 children nationwide are taking Mandarinin American schools.To develop Chinese-language programs has met some difficulties.A shortage of professionally trained teachers with certificates has madeit difficult for some schools to join the competition.When schools need to employ teachers, they often recruit them fromChina directly, which is a hidden trouble for culture clash.【重点词汇】
官方语言 official language
普通话 Mandarin
快速的 rapid 课程 curriculum(pl.curricula)
已有的 in place
缺乏 shortage
受过专业训练 professionally trained
证书 certificate
招聘 recruit
文化冲突 culture clash
如今，中国正步入老龄化社会，因此独生子女一代面临着巨大的工作和生活压力。中国政府开始适当调整计划生育政策，允许一些家庭在特殊情况下生育二胎。但调查显示，很多夫妻迫于不断加重的经济压力，放弃生育二胎。因此，要从根本上解决老龄化的问题不能依靠出生率的上升，最有效的办法是建立有效的社会保障制度。
【翻译译文】
Nowadays, China is stepping into the aging society.Therefore, the only-child generation is facing enormous pressure both from work and life.The Chinese government has begun to adjust the familyplanning policy and allows some families to have a second child under certain circumstances.However, the survey shows thatsome couples abandon to have a second child due to the increasing financial burden.Thus, in order to solve the aging problem,the basic thing is not relying on the increase of birth rate.The best solution is to establish an effective social security system.【重点词汇】
步入 step into
老龄化社会 aging society
独生子女一代 the only-child generation
巨大的 enormous
调整 adjust
计划生育政策 the family planning policy
在特殊情况下 under certain circumstances
由于，迫于 due to
放弃 abandon 依靠 rely on
出生率 birth rate
有效的 effective
社会保障制度 social security system
和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭，经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。
我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔 造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。
我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员，以民主、包容、合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全，做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大家商量办，坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作，推进国际关系民主化。
Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development.The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks.It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era.We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, peace making and peace building.We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community.We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress.Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all.We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.从某种意义上说，汉语是一种很古老的语言，其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的书写形式，例如篆书、隶书、楷书和行书。中国书法家往往使汉字的字形夸张以取得艺术效果，例如旅游胜地的一些石刻碑文。中国书法是一门研究艺术，随着各位学习兴趣的提高，我们将适时介绍中国书法的流派，以及如何欣赏中国书法的艺术性。
【翻译译文】
In a sense, Chinese is a very old language, and its earliest characters date back nearly four thousand years ago.During their long history of development, Chinese characters have evolved into many different script forms, such as the Seal script, Clerical script, Regular script and Running script.Chinese calligraphers usually render
their Chinese characters in ways that exaggerate the form to yield artistic beauty, such as those in stone inscriptions
seen in tourist resorts.Chinese calligraphy is a subject of artistic study.As your interest in Chinese character system
increases in the days to come, we will introduce in due time the different schools of Chinese calligraphy, and how to
appreciate the artistic beauty of Chinese calligraphy.【重点词汇】
从某种意义上说 in a sense 汉字 Chinese character 演化 evolve 书写形式 script form 篆书 Seal script 隶书 Clerical script 楷书 Regular script 行书 Running script 书法家 calligrapher 致使 render 取得 yield 旅游胜地 tourist resort 石刻碑文 stone inscription 适时 in due time 欣赏 appreciate 中国神话故事
尽管中国古代神话(mythology)没有十分完整的情节，神话人物也没有系统的家谱(genealogy)，但它们却有着鲜明的东方文化特色，其中尤为显著的是它的尚德精神(the spirit of esteeming virtue)。这种尚德精神在与西方神话特别是希腊神话比较时，显得更加突出。在西方神话尤其是希腊神话中，对神的褒贬标准多以智慧、力量为准则，而中国古代神话对神的褒贬则多以道德为准绳。这种思维方式深植于中国的文化之中。几千年来，这种尚德精神影响着人们对历史人物的品评与现实人物的期望。
译文：
Although ancient Chinese mythology does not have relatively complete plot and mythological figures don't have systematic genealogy, they have distinct features of oriental culture, among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly significant.When compared with Western mythology, especially Greek mythology, this spirit of esteeming virtue is even more prominent.In Western mythology, especially Greek mythology,the criteria for judging whether a god is good or not are mostly the god's wisdom and strength,while in ancient Chinese mythology, the criterion lies in morality.This way of thinking is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.For thousands of years, this spirit of esteeming virtue has affected people's comments on historical figures and expectations of real people.敬茶礼仪
当今社会，客来敬茶已经成为人们日常社交和家庭生活中普遍的往来礼仪。俗话说:酒满茶半。上茶时应以右手端茶，从客人的右方奉上，并时带微笑。当然，喝茶的客人也要以礼还礼，双手接过，点头致谢。品茶时，讲究小口品饮，其妙趣在于意会而不可言传。另外，可适当称赞主人茶好。总之，敬茶是国人礼仪中待客的一种日常礼节，也是社会交往的一项内容，不仅是对客人、朋友的尊重, 也能体现自己的修养(self-cultivation)。
翻译：
Nowadays, offering tea to guests has becomecommon etiquette in daily social interaction andfamily life.As the saying goes, white spirit, full cup;tea, half cup.Tea cup should be held on the righthand and offered to guests with a smile from theirright side.Of course,the guests should pay respect as well, taking over the cup with bothhands and nodding to express his thanks.When tasting tea,you should drink it in small sips,the beauty and fun of which is beyond words.In addition, you could praise the tea of theowner appropriately.In short, offering tea is a daily ritual of Chinese people when receivingguests and it is also part of social interaction.It can not only show respect to guests andfriends, but also reflect your self-cultivation.词汇详解：
1.敬茶:可以理解为“献茶”，故译为offer tea。
2.俗话说:可译为as the saying goes,固定译法。
3.酒满茶半:可译为white spirit，full cup;tea，halfcup。在中国的餐桌文化里，酒要倒满，而茶要倒半杯。
4.以礼还礼:可译为pay respect as well。
5.讲究小口品饮:即drink it in small sips。其中，sip作名词，意为“小口喝”;也可以作动词，例如Mike sipped hisdrink quickly.(迈克快速地喝了 一小口饮料。)词组take a sip表示“喝一小口，抿一口。”
6.日常礼节:可译为daily ritual。
7.对客人、朋友的尊重:可译为动词词组，即show respect to guests and friends。
景德镇瓷器
景德镇(Jingdezhen)位于江西省东北部，以瓷器而闻名，历来被誉为中国的 “千年瓷都”。在景德镇出产的各类瓷器中，尤以青花瓷(blue and white porcelain)最为突出。清代是青花瓷的鼎盛时期，景德镇青花瓷以其烧造精致而独占鳌头。新中国成立后，在景德镇设立了人民瓷厂(People'sPorcelain Factory)专门生产青花瓷。景德镇青花瓷造型优美，色彩绚丽，装饰精美，是景德镇四大传统名瓷之一，素有“永不凋谢的青花”之称。青花瓷远销世界各地，受到世界人民的喜爱。
翻译：
Jingdezhen，located in the northeast of JiangxiProvince，is famous for porcelain and is honored as“home of porcelain for thousands of years” inChina.Among different types of porcelain producedin Jingdezhen，blue and white porcelain is the mostrenowned.Blue and white porcelain reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty.Blue and whiteporcelain from Jingdezhen ranked first for its fine production.After new China was founded,People's Porcelain Factory was set up in Jingdezhen to produce blue and white porcelainspecially.Blue and white porcelain from Jingdezhen is elegantly shaped，rich in color anddelicately decorated.It is one of the four famous traditional types of porcelain in Jingdezhen,and enjoys the reputation of “ever-green blue and white porcelain”.Blue and white porcelainhas been sold to countries all over the world and is liked by people around the world.词汇详解：
1.位于:可译为be located in,也可用lie in或be situated in等来表达。
2.被誉为:可译为be honored as，也可译为be praisedas。
3.清代是青花瓷的鼎盛时期:本句可以理解为“青花瓷在清代达到顶峰”，其中 “达到顶峰”可以用reach its peak表达。
4.专门生产:其中“专门”可译为specially。
5.色彩約丽:即“色彩丰富”，可译为rich in color，也可以用形容词colorful表达。
6.永不凋谢的:可以理解为“常青的”，即ever-green。
丁克家庭
中国有一句俗语叫做“不孝有三，无后为大”。但现在，很多时尚的年轻夫妇选择不生育孩子的生活方式，组建了丁克家庭。很多夫妻担心无法给孩子提供优越的生活条件，选择成为丁克家庭。现在，孩子的教育费用比过去高很多。在大城市，送孩子上好一点的幼儿园要花费巨资，重点中小学的学费更高。还有一些夫妻成为丁克家庭是迫不得已。当他们做好准备生育孩子时，已经错过了最佳生育年龄。
译文：
A popular saying has it that “There are three forms of unfilial conduct, of which the worst is to have no descendants.”But now, it is quite fashionable for many young couples to choose a lifestyle without kids and organize the DINK family.Some couples who choose DINK family are fearful that they cannot provide favourable living conditions for children.Nowadays, the cost of educating a child is much higher than that of the past.In a big city, to send a child to a better kindergarten takes a large amount of money and the key primary or secondary schools are even more expensive.Some couples who have chosen DINK family are obliged to do so.When they make preparations for having a baby, it is a pity that they have missed the most fertile years.翻译词汇：
不孝有三，无后为大。There are three forms of unfilial conduct, of which the worst is to have no descendants.时尚的 fashionable
生活方式 lifestyle
丁克家庭 DINK family
担心 fearful
优越的 favourable
重点中小学 the key primary or secondary school
迫不得已 be obliged to do sth.做好准备 make preparations for
赡养父母
在大家庭里，老一辈人的意见受到尊重，小一辈人得到全家的呵护。中国宪法规定赡养父母是成年子女义不容辞的责任。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人提供生活费并帮助他们干家务活儿。在农村，尽管大家庭解体了，许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还和父母住在同一个院子里。对他们来说，分家不过是分灶而已。结了婚的儿子往往把房子盖在父母家附近，这样父母和子女互相帮助、探望都和过去一样方便。
译文：
In extended families, the older members’ opinions are respected, and the youngest members are loved and taken good care of by all.China’s Constitution stipulates that grown-up children are duty-bound to support their parents.In the cities, couples who do not live with their aged parents offer them living allowances and help them with the chores.In the countryside, though quite a number of extended families have dissolved, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents.To them, breaking up the extended family means only cooking their meals separately.Most often they have their houses built near their parents’ home, making it convenient for parents and children to help and visit each other as before.翻译词汇：
大家庭 extended family
宪法 Constitution
规定 stipulate
义不容辞的责任 duty-bound
生活费 living allowance
家务活 chore
解体 dissolve
分家 breaking up the extended family
分灶 cook their meals separately
歌谣和神话
远在文字出现之前，歌谣跟口头流传的神话就已大量产生。中国的文学正是开始于此。不过，歌谣本是人们在生活中随兴而发的东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的方式，因此也就很快湮灭，不留痕迹。如今，我们只能从一些古书中推断它们的存在。古书中记载了一些年代非常久远的歌谣，但是大多出于后人的伪托，能够断定出处的歌谣要到《诗经》里才能看见。从这点来看，古代神话对中国文学的影响更为显著。
翻译词汇：
歌谣 ballad
随兴而发 improvise
痕迹 trace
推断 deduce
年代非常久远的 time-honored
伪托 derivative
《诗经》 The Book of Songs
译文：
Long before the emergence of the written word, ballads and myths, passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular.Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions.However, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace.Today, we can only deduce their existence from ancient books, which recorded some time-honored ballads, though most of these are believed to be derivatives of later generations.Ballads in The Book of Songs are the earliest writings that can be dated.From this point of view, ancient mythology has had a greater influence on Chinese literature.中国书法
书法(calligraphy)是中国文化的精髓。书法在中国随处可见，与日常生活紧密相连。书法作品能装点客厅、书房和卧室。它是将汉字写在吸水性良好的宣纸(Xuan paper)上，然后将作品贴在一块镶有丝绸边的厚纸上，安上卷轴（scroll)或用画框装裱起来挂在墙上。书法作品通常是一首诗、一副对联或主人很喜欢的座右铭。主人亲自书写的作品将体现他的愿望、兴趣以及文学或艺术才华。一幅书法作品可以给白色的墙壁增添活力，为宾客友人带来快乐。
译文：
Calligraphy is the essence of Chinese culture.It can be found everywhere in China, and is closely linked to daily life.Calligraphic works decorate sitting rooms, studies and bedrooms.The Chinese characters are written on Xuan paper which is good at absorbing ink.The work will be pasted on a piece of thick paper with a silk edge, and then mounted on a scroll or put into a picture frame for hanging on the wall.Usually, a calligraphic work contains a poem, a pair of couplets or a motto the owner likes very much.If the calligraphic work is written by the owner himself, it will demonstrate his wish and interest as well as his literary or artistic talent.A calligraphic work can bring vitality to the white wall,pleasure to guests and friends.翻译词汇：
1...的精髓:可译为the essence of。essence在这里意为“精髓，精华，另外它还有“本质”的意思。
2.随处可见:文中译为can be found everywhere，还可以用can be seen everywhere表达。
3.吸水性良好的:可理解为“善于吸水的”，即is good at absorbing ink。
4.安上卷轴:可译为mounted on a scroll。其中mount意为“安装”。
5.装裱起来:可理解为“放进画框”，译为put into a picture frame。
6.一副对联:可译为a pair of couplets。其中couplet意为“对联；对句”。
7.艺术才华:可译为 artistic talent。
8.增添活力:可译为bring vitality to，即“为...带来活力”。
中国礼仪
中国文化中，一个家庭或一个组织中最年长的人享有最多的尊敬、荣誉和尊严。对家庭女性而言，最高辈分的长媳比其余的媳妇和儿媳(daughter-in-law)更有权力。年轻人会称呼年长的人“爷爷”、“奶奶”、“叔叔”和“婶婶”以示尊重，即使和那个人没有血缘关系(blood lineage)。中国人坚持的一个传统就是当父母上年纪时候要一直亲自照顾他们。
译文：
In Chinese culture, the oldest person in a family or an organization has the most respect, honor, and dignity.For family ladies, the first elder wife holds more power than the next wives and daughters-in-law.The young people will call an older person “Ye Ye”(grandfather), “Nai Nai”(grandmother), “Shu Shu”(uncle), and “Shen Shen”(aunt)as a sign of respect even if there is not blood lineage.A tradition that Chinese people hold on to is taking care of their parents personally when they get older.光棍节
光棍节(Singles'Day)-11月11日是在20世纪90年代开始流行的。单身青年互相请客吃饭或送礼物给心上人，以告别单身。赠送礼物的传统使光棍节成为购物节，因为所有销售商，从卖珠宝的到卖电视的，甚至到卖汽车的，都看到了这个营销机会，并推出了光棍节促销活动。这是美国“网络星期一(CyberMonday)”—感恩节周末后的第一天—的翻版，这天圣诞采购开始，是商人售卖最忙碌的一天。
译文：
Singles，Day —Nov.11 began to gain its popularityin the 1990s.Unattached young people would treateach other to dinner or give gifts to the personhe/she loves to end their single status.That gift-giving helped to turn Singles'Day into a shoppingfestival as sellers of everything from jewelry to TVs，even to cars saw a marketingopportunity and launched Singles'Day sales.It is similar to Monday in the United States—theday after Thanksgiving weekend，when online Christmas shopping begins and merchants havetheir busiest sales day.中国幸运数字
中国幸运数字(lucky numbers)的概念与其他文化相似。对广东人来说，区别好数字与坏数字的关键是根据发音。例如，2是幸运的，因为它和“容易”的发音相似。3与生活有关。4在汉语里听起来像“死”。6代表好运。8与“繁荣”有关，所有场合都适用。9与“永恒(eternity)”相联系。起初只有皇家(the imperial family)才能用9。例如，故宫就设计有9999个房间。
译文：
The Chinese concept of lucky numbers is similar tothat of other cultures.The key to distinguish goodor bad numbers for Cantonese is based on sound,For example, the number two is fortunate, becauseit is similar to the sound of “easy”.Three isassociated with living.The number four sounds like “death”in Chinese.Six represents good luck.Eight is associated with “prosperity” and is desirable for all occasions.Nine is associated with“eternity”.Originally it could only be used by the imperial family.For example,the Forbidden Citywas designed with 9,999 rooms.中国神话故事
尽管中国古代神话(mythology)没有十分完整的情节，神话人物也没有系统的家谱(genealogy)，但它们却有着鲜明的东方文化特色，其中尤为显著的是它的尚德精神(the spirit of esteeming virtue)。这种尚德精神在与西方神话特别是希腊神话比较时，显得更加突出。在西方神话尤其是希腊神话中，对神的褒贬标准多以智慧、力量为准则，而中国古代神话对神的褒贬则多以道德为准绳。这种思维方式深植于中国的文化之中。几千年来，这种尚德精神影响着人们对历史人物的品评与现实人物的期望。
译文：
Although ancient Chinese mythology does not have relatively complete plot and mythological figures don't have systematic genealogy, they have distinct features of oriental culture, among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly significant.When compared with Western mythology, especially Greek mythology, this spirit of esteeming virtue is even more prominent.In Western mythology, especially Greek mythology,the criteria for judging whether a god is good or not are mostly the god's wisdom and strength,while in ancient Chinese mythology, the criterion lies in morality.This way of thinking is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.For thousands of years, this spirit of esteeming virtue has affected people's comments on historical figures and expectations of real people.敬茶礼仪
当今社会，客来敬茶已经成为人们日常社交和家庭生活中普遍的往来礼仪。俗话说:酒满茶半。上茶时应以右手端茶，从客人的右方奉上，并时带微笑。当然，喝茶的客人也要以礼还礼，双手接过，点头致谢。品茶时，讲究小口品饮，其妙趣在于意会而不可言传。另外，可适当称赞主人茶好。总之，敬茶是国人礼仪中待客的一种日常礼节，也是社会交往的一项内容，不仅是对客人、朋友的尊重, 也能体现自己的修养(self-cultivation)。
翻译：
Nowadays, offering tea to guests has becomecommon etiquette in daily social interaction andfamily life.As the saying goes, white spirit, full cup;tea, half cup.Tea cup should be held on the righthand and offered to guests with a smile from theirright side.Of course,the guests should pay respect as well, taking over the cup with bothhands and nodding to express his thanks.When tasting tea,you should drink it in small sips,the beauty and fun of which is beyond words.In addition, you could praise the tea of theowner appropriately.In short, offering tea is a daily ritual of Chinese people when receivingguests and it is also part of social interaction.It can not only show respect to guests andfriends, but also reflect your self-cultivation.词汇详解：
1.敬茶:可以理解为“献茶”，故译为offer tea。
2.俗话说:可译为as the saying goes,固定译法。
3.酒满茶半:可译为white spirit，full cup;tea，halfcup。在中国的餐桌文化里，酒要倒满，而茶要倒半杯。
4.以礼还礼:可译为pay respect as well。
5.讲究小口品饮:即drink it in small sips。其中，sip作名词，意为“小口喝”;也可以作动词，例如Mike sipped hisdrink quickly.(迈克快速地喝了 一小口饮料。)词组take a sip表示“喝一小口，抿一口。”
6.日常礼节:可译为daily ritual。
7.对客人、朋友的尊重:可译为动词词组，即show respect to guests and friends。
景德镇瓷器
景德镇(Jingdezhen)位于江西省东北部，以瓷器而闻名，历来被誉为中国的 “千年瓷都”。在景德镇出产的各类瓷器中，尤以青花瓷(blue and white porcelain)最为突出。清代是青花瓷的鼎盛时期，景德镇青花瓷以其烧造精致而独占鳌头。新中国成立后，在景德镇设立了人民瓷厂(People'sPorcelain Factory)专门生产青花瓷。景德镇青花瓷造型优美，色彩绚丽，装饰精美，是景德镇四大传统名瓷之一，素有“永不凋谢的青花”之称。青花瓷远销世界各地，受到世界人民的喜爱。
翻译：
Jingdezhen，located in the northeast of JiangxiProvince，is famous for porcelain and is honored as“home of porcelain for thousands of years” inChina.Among different types of porcelain producedin Jingdezhen，blue and white porcelain is the mostrenowned.Blue and white porcelain reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty.Blue and whiteporcelain from Jingdezhen ranked first for its fine production.After new China was founded,People's Porcelain Factory was set up in Jingdezhen to produce blue and white porcelainspecially.Blue and white porcelain from Jingdezhen is elegantly shaped，rich in color anddelicately decorated.It is one of the four famous traditional types of porcelain in Jingdezhen,and enjoys the reputation of “ever-green blue and white porcelain”.Blue and white porcelainhas been sold to countries all over the world and is liked by people around the world.词汇详解：
1.位于:可译为be located in,也可用lie in或be situated in等来表达。
2.被誉为:可译为be honored as，也可译为be praisedas。
3.清代是青花瓷的鼎盛时期:本句可以理解为“青花瓷在清代达到顶峰”，其中 “达到顶峰”可以用reach its peak表达。
4.专门生产:其中“专门”可译为specially。
5.色彩約丽:即“色彩丰富”，可译为rich in color，也可以用形容词colorful表达。
6.永不凋谢的:可以理解为“常青的”，即ever-green。调整后的六级翻译越来越重视中国的历史、文化、经济和社会发展等主题，所以，在这最后宝贵的2周内，小编建议大家赶快抓紧时间背诵一些与中国节日、历史事件、经济文化、旅游活动、社会发展等相关的词汇。正所谓临阵磨枪，不亮也光，我们要在这最后的一点时间内，大量输入相关的知识背景，争取在考场上混个脸熟~嘿嘿~
夺分要点
翻译一直追求“信”、“达”、“雅”。庆幸的是，六级考试中要求没有那么高，我们只要做到“信”和“达”就可以啦。对于实力较强的同学，如果想在翻译题中夺得高分，千万不要忽视以下四个要点：
1、高级词汇。翻译时，尽量表现出自己的语言水平，避免使用一些过于简单的词汇，而要选择一些更高级的词汇，例如“have to”可以换成“be obliged to”。
2、句式多样。可以有选择性地运用倒装结构、被动语态、否定句、虚拟语气、比较结构、从句、非谓语动词等句型，让句式结构更加丰富多彩。
Ø 例：正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术等四大发明才被引介到世界各地。
Ø 一般译文：The Silk Road introduced four Chinese inventions to the world.They were papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing.Ø 高分译文：It was through the Silk Road that the four great inventions of ancient China, namely papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing, were introduced to the world.Ø 点评：“一般译文”为两个主动语态的简单句，“高分译文”将其整合成了一个被动句。把“正是„„才„„”处理成了“It was„ that„”的强调句型，并将“造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术”处理成了插入语“namely papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing”。
3、长难句。译文中如果出现1~2个长难句，可以立马吸引考官的眼球，瞬间让译文变身高大上，提升水平档次。
Ø 例：物质文化的交流是双向的，欧洲也通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需求。
Ø 一般译文：The exchange of material culture is a two-way process.Europe also exported various goods and plants through the Silk Road.It could meet the needs of the Chinese market.Ø 高分译文：As the exchange of material culture is a two-way process, various goods and plants were also exported through the Silk Road from Europe to China to meet the needs of the Chinese market.Ø 点评：“一般译文”为三个简单句，而“高分译文”将其合并成了一个长句。把“物质文化的交流是双向的”处理为状语从句“As the exchange of material culture is a two-way process”，并将“满足中国市场的需求”作为目的状语“to meet the needs of the Chinese market”。
4、字迹工整。翻译过程中难免会进行多次修改，从而影响卷面整洁，所以一定要先打草稿，整洁的卷面有助于增加印象分哦~
这四个妙招同学们肯定都非常熟悉，但却常常被大家忽视。例如，小明在做翻译时，总是习惯性地使用基础词汇，然后又习惯性地使用简单句型，当时间紧迫时还会紧张地老写错别字，导致在卷面上涂涂改改，影响美观。不知不觉，小明默默地走上了“低分”之路。所以，教研君要提醒大家，应时刻将这四招牢记于心，并且认真贯彻实施，那么，“高分”就在向你们招手哦~
最后，同学们也来练练手吧，拼一拼谁的词汇更高级~
1.钢筋、水泥等生产资料大幅度增长。
2.安徽位于华东的西北部，兼跨长江、淮河流域。
3.除此之外，中国其他各地还有各自独特的风俗。
4.在中华民族的几千年的历史中，产生了很多的民族英雄和革命领袖。
---------答案---------
1.There was substantial growth in the production of capital goods such as rolled steel and cement.2.Anhui Province is situated in the northwest of East China, covering both the Yangtze River valley and the Huaihe River valley.3.Together with the celebration there appear some other special customs in China.4.During the thousands of years of recorded history, the Chinese nation has given birth to many national heroes and revolutionary leaders.
第二篇：六级翻译
时光的唯一作用就在于它筛出了糟粕，因为只有真正优秀的文学作品才能存留下来。那些杰出的伟人不会从这个世界消失，它们的灵魂保存在书本里，云游四方。书是活的声音，它所包含的智慧今人依然聆听。因此，我们依然时刻受到过去伟人的影响。那些世界巨匠像过去一样活在人世间。
The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products;for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.The great and good do not die from this world.Embalmed in books,their spirits walk abroad.The book is a living voice.It is an intellect to which one still listens.The great and the good will be always remembered as time goes by.书籍具有不朽的精神，他们是迄今为止人类所创造持续最久的产品。宇宙会损坏，塑像会颓废，但是书籍却能常存人间。对于思想而言，时间并不重要，它们今天让然能同多年前第一次在作者的头脑中刚刚产生时那样鲜活。当年的话语和思想如今依然通过书本在向我们生动的述说。
Books possess the essence of immortality.They are by far the most lasting products of human effort.The universe can be damaged,temples and statues decay,but books survive.Time is of no account with great thoughts,which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author's minds ages ago.What was then said an thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page.老年为少年之过来人，少年为老年之候补者，老与少，只不过时间上之差别而已。然中国习惯，对老少之间，往往划有无形界限。在客观上，有时重老而轻少，有时重少而轻老。在主观上，老者自恃其老，少年自矜其少。几千年来，遂形成老者自以为持重练达而菲薄少年为少不更事；而少年自以为新锐精进而轻蔑老者为老朽昏庸。此真所谓偏颇两失之见也。Old Age and Young The aged are the antecedents of the young, and the young are the candidates of the aged.The difference between age and youth is only a matter of time.But, according to the Chinese custom, there is always an invisible line of demarcation between them.Objectively speaking,sometimes the aged are held in esteem and the young are made light of;sometimes it is just the other way round.Subjectively speaking, the aged are self-conceited because of their good old age, while the young think no small beer of their own youth.For thousands of years it has been assumed that the aged, thinking themselves experienced and more skillful, look down upon the young for their greenness in worldly affairs, while the young, thinking themselves fresh in life and more energetic, call the aged old fogies.Either of these views, of course, is far from being impartial.《红楼梦》问世二百年以来,通过汉文原文和各种译文读过此书的人,不知有多少亿！这么多的读者哪一个是先看批评家的文章,然而再让批评家牵着鼻子走,按图索骥地去读原作呢?我看是绝无仅有的。一切文学作品,特别是象《红楼梦》这样伟大的作品,内容异常地丰富,涉及到的社会层面异常地多,简直象是一个宝山，一座迷宫。而读者群就更加复杂，他们来读《红楼梦》，会各就自己的特点，欣赏该书中的某一个方面，受到鼓舞，受到启发，引起了喜爱；也可能受到打击，引起了憎恶。总之是千差万别。Ever since the publication of
A Dream of Red Mansions some 200 years ago, hundreds of millions of people have read its Chinese original or its translations in various languages.Of these innumerable people, how many have read the novel by starting with a perusal of the critics' articles and allowing themselves to be led by the nose by the critics as to how to read the novel? Next to none.All literary works, especially a monumental
one like A Dream of Red Mansions, are extremely rich in content and involve perse social strata-to such an extent that they virtually resemble a mountain of treasure or a labyrinth.And the readers are even more complicated, differing from each other in family background.They will each appreciate a certain aspect of the novel according to their own inpiduality.They may feel inspired and enlightened, and hence love it, or they may feel hurt, and hence loathe it.In short, there actions vary.一个好青年必须身体健康。无论从事什么行业，健康的身体才是成功的基础。它使我们能够努力工作，坚定不移；使我能够奋斗，坚持下去。除此之外，我们更能适应当前的工作，能为成功而奋斗，能够忍受艰苦，能够报效国家。一个好青年必须培养良好，高尚的品格。很多学问渊博的人误入歧途。他们对社会甚至对国家的破坏大于贡献。他们只追求自己的利益，而不知道道德为何物。这个观点看来，“德行”对一个优秀青年更为重要。对于一个好青年来说，学问是自己的事，不能依靠别人。
A good young man must have a healthy body condition.No matter what kind of job you engaged in,a healthy body is the base of success.It makes us work hard and unswervingly;it makes us endeavor and insist.Besides these,we can adapt to the present job better,fight for the success,bear the hardships and serve our country.A good young man must cultivate a fine and lofty character..Many learned people go astray and the harm they have done to the society or even the country exceeds his dedication.They only chased after their personal interests without knowing what the morality is.From this point of view,“morality”is more important to an excellent young man.To a good young man,knowledge is his own business,and he can not depend on others.九寨沟的山水风光，纵有万丽千奇，一旦离开原始的自然美，就一切都没有了。”他们的见解是精辟的。当你步入沟中，便可见树正群海荡漾生辉，瀑布舒洒碧玉。一到金秋，满山枫叶绛红。盛夏，湖山幽翠。仲春，树绿花艳„四时都呈现出它的天然原始，宁静幽深。All the beauty of Jiuzhaigou is endowed by nature.If the natural charm were removed, there would be no more of Jiuzhaigou.Mystic lakes and sparkling waterfalls captivate your eyes as you enter the ravine.The trees are their greenest in spring when intensified by colorful flowers.In summer, warm tints spread over the hills and lake lands.As summer merges into autumn, the maple trees turn fiery-red, splashing color through the thickly forested hills.Tranquility pervades primitive Jiuzhaigou throughout the year.近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运，始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天，人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，是勤劳智慧的亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。
亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路，亚洲人民勇于变革创新，不断开拓进取，探索和开辟适应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。
In modern times, Asia experienced twists and turns in its development.To change their destiny,the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit and with hard struggle.Asia's development achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of the industrious and talented Asian people.The people of Asia are fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging
path of development that is universally applicable.They never shy away from reform and innovation.Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social development.截至202_年12月，欧盟15个成员国来华投资项目数已达16158个，合同外资金额约650亿美元，实际投入378亿美元。与此同时，中国的一些大企业如联想、海尔、华为、TCL等，也开始在欧盟投资设厂或成立营销、研发中心。欧盟还一直是中国引进先进技术和设备的重要来源。中国与欧盟在先进技术，尤其是高科技产品方面的合作有助于欧盟扩大对华出口，也有利于中国企业产业升级、技术更新，符合双方利益，具有很大的发展空间。
By the end of December 202_, the 15 members of the EU had altogether invested in 16,158 projects in China with the contractual investment worth of US$ 65 billion and with the actually utilized investment ofUS$ 37.8 billion.At the same time, some of China's big companies like Lenovo, Haier, Huawei Technologyand TCL have started to make investment in the EU member states to establish plants or marketing, R centers.The EU has always been an important source of technology and equipment import for China.The Sino-EU cooperation in the field of advanced technologies,especially the new and high-tech products, helps expand the EU export to China and also helps Chinese enterprises upgrade their industries, renovate their technologies.All these are in the interests of both sides and have considerable space for further growth.尽管全球大量的电子产品和鞋等都是中国制造，但这些产品的设计都是在欧美或日本完成的。中国公司制造自己品牌的产品时，通常是模仿国外。但如今不同了，他们都想开创自己的品牌。随着中国公司在设计上的改进，跨国公司意识到，他们的产品需要专门针对中国消费者的品味进行“量身定做”了。这些使中国设计产业开始繁荣起来。
Although large numbers of global electronic products and shoes are made in China,the design of these products are finished by Europe and America of Japan.In the past,the Chinese companies usually imitated foreign countries when producing their own brand products.But nowadays it is all different.They want to create their own brand.Along with the design improvement of the Chinese companies,the multination companies realize that their product need to be “tailored”to be the taste of Chinese consumers.All of these make the Chinese design industry become prosperous.我们的现代化建设，必须从中国的实际出发。无论是革命还是建设，都要注意学习和借鉴外国经验。但是，照抄照搬别国经验、别国模式，从来不能得到成功。这方面我们有过教训。把马克思主义的普遍真理同我国的具体实际结合起来，走自己的道路，建设有中国特色的社会主义，这就是我们总结长期历史经验得出的基本结论。
Our country's modernization must start from the reality of China.Either on the revolution of the construction we need to learn and draw the experience from the foreign countries.But we will never win the success if we mechanically copy other countries' experience or formats.We have already had the lesson in this aspect.It is the basic conclusion which we summarized the long-term historical experience that we should combine the Marxism's universal truth with out specific situation together,walking on our own roads and building up the socialism with Chineseaharacteristic.
第三篇：六级翻译
(一）《孙子兵法》（The Art of War）是中国古代最重要的一部军事著作之一，是我国优秀传统文化重要组成部分。孙子（Sun Tzu），即该书作者，在书中揭示的一系列具有普遍意义的军事规律，不仅受到军事家们的推崇，还在经济领域，领导艺术，人生追求甚至家庭关系等诸多方面，均有广泛的指导作用。《孙子兵法》中许多名言警句（epigram），富有哲理，意义深远，在国内外广为流传。如今《孙子兵法》中的语言，在世界军事史上具有重要地位。
译点精析：
1、普遍意义的——universal，军事规律——military laws
2、具有广泛的指导作用——play an extensive guiding role.“广泛的”还可以翻译为far-reaching或broad
3、人生追求——the pursuit of life
4、名言警句——famous sayings and epigrams5、意义深远——have profound meanings
6、广为流传—— be widely circulated。”流传“还可用spread表示
参考译文：The Are of War is one of the most important ancient Chinese military literary works,and serves as an important part of outstanding traditional culture in China.Sun Tzu,The author of the book,revealed a series of universal military laws which are not only valued by militarists but also play an extensive guiding role in several fields such as economy,art of leadership,the pursuit of life and even family relationship.There are a lot of famous sayings and epigrams in The Art of War that are rich in wisdom and have profound meanings and are thus widely circulated both at home and abroad.Nowadays The Art of War has been translated into many languages and it also plays an important role in the military history of the world.（二）太极（Tai Chi）是中国文化史上的一个重要概念。太极拳（traditional Chinese shadow boxing）包含一系列缓慢的动作，旨在修炼身心。它是一种舞蹈却不需要随音乐起舞，你只需聆听内心的节奏。太极拳是中国武术（martial art）的一种，他创自数千年前，原本是一种自卫的技艺。全世界成千上万人练习它，主要是由于它对人类健康的神奇作用。因为他将身体动作，平静、冥想（meditative）心境结合起来，所以他长被称作“冥想运动（meditation in motion）”。
【译点精析】
修炼身心——physical and spiritual practice或者physical and mental practice。
不需要音乐起舞——dot no need to dance to music,其中dance...to固定表达，随着...起舞
一种自卫技艺——a self-defensive skill,defensive 译为防御的，防卫的。
它对人类健康的神奇作用——its miraculous effects on human’s health
将身体动作，平静、冥想（meditative）心境结合起来——combines the body’s movements with the calm and meditative state of mind。将...与...结合起来可译为combine...with...state of mind心境
【参考译文】
Tai Chi is a significant notion in Chinese cultural history.Traditional Chinese shadow boxing includes a series of slow movements aiming at the physical and spiritual practice.It is a kind of dance but you do not need to dance to music.You just need to listen to the rhythm of your heart.Traditional Chinese shadow boxing is a kind of Chinese martial art.It was created thousands of years ago and originally used as a selfdefensive skill.It is practiced by thousands of people around the world mostly because of its miraculous effects on human’s health.It is often called “meditation in motion”because it combines the body’s movement-s with the calm and meditative state of mind.（三）电子书（e-book）通常指数字化出版物，它可以包含文字、图片、声音、影像或几者兼有。现在人们经常使用智能手机（smartphone）、平板电脑（tablet）或者专门为电子书制造的电子阅读器来阅读电子书。电子书内容丰富，便于存储，而且价格低廉，有助于阅读的普及。从传统意义上讲，电子书是纸质书的电子化，但现在许多电子书并没有纸质的对应物。电子书以数字形式存储，因此人们随时都可以阅读。202_年，美国电子书的销量首次超过精装书（handcover book）。
[译点精析]
1、数字化译为digitized，而不是digital，是要强调动作概念。
2、专门为...制造译为specially made for...3、阅读的普及：the popularity of reading
4、版本的英文表达version，纸质书译为printed books
5、纸质的对应物：”对应物“可译为equivalent
6、超过：可用surpassed表示，还可以用exceed表示 冲刺备考建议
首先，在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多样化，特别化。常用的简单的表达方式尽量不要用了，选择一些不常用的复杂一点的表达方式会让我们的翻译内容显得更有水平。
其次，掌握重点核心表达，多背搭配，同时利用经典搭配多造句子，完善语法结构。这样不仅可以扩展思维、开阔思路，同时可以提高自己的写作水平。
最后，分析历年真题，强化重点语法知识。如倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等。
翻译原文：E-books generally refer to digitized publications.They can include words,pictures,sounds,images,or a combination of two or more.Now people often read e-books with smartphones,tablets,or e-books readers that are specially made for e-books.E-books have colorful contents and are convenient to store.Their prices are cheap and they are conductive to the popularity of reading.E-books are traditionally believed as an electronic version of the printed books.but now many e-books exist without any printed equivalent.E-books are stored digitally,so they can be read at any time.In 202_,e-books sales in the United States surpassed hardcover book sales for the first time.（四）孔子是中國著名的思想家，教育家，以及儒教（Confucianism）的創立者。他的學說深刻影響了中國兩千多年的歷史。孔子因其哲學家思想而著名，他在當時說過很多著名的言論。這些言論幫助人們認識自然，世界和人類行為。他也幫助過政府和帝王。孔子教他們如何成功管理自己的王國。孔子的言論主要收錄在《孔子論語》（Analects of Confucius）一書中。它們反映了孔子政治和道德觀。
Confucius is a famous ancient Chinese thinker ,educator ,and founder of Confucianism which deeply influences China for more than two years.Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China.Those sayings helped people learn about nature ,world ,and human behavior.He also helped the government and the emperor.He taught them lessons on how to rule his kingdom successfully.Confucius's thoughts were mainly collected in the Analects of Confucius.They relects Confucius's thoughts on politics and ethics.解析：
第二句的學說即是儒教，所以可以用定語從句將其與第一句連接起來。影響可以說influence，have an influence on···
Be famous for=be known for因···而著名。
Teach sb.Sth.教某人某事
（五）京剧（Peking Opera）已有200多年的历史，是中国的国剧。与其他地方戏相比，京剧享有更高的声誉，但其实京剧融合了多种地方戏的元素。京剧演员的脸谱（facial make-up）和戏服都很精美，相比之下舞台布景则十分简单，表演者主要应用四种技能：唱、念、做、打。京剧较擅长于表现历史题材的政治，军事斗争，故事大多取自历史演义和小说话本（historic and fictional stories）。在古代，京剧大多是在户外演出的，因此演员们形成了一种有穿透力的唱腔，以便每个人都能听到。
【译点精析】
1,享有更高的声誉——enjoys a higher reputation
2, 戏服——costume
3,相比之下——by contrast
4,舞台布景——backdrop，如果不知道这个词，也可以用background。
5,政治军事斗争——political and military struggle，斗争还可译为battle。
6,在户外——in the open air或者outdoors。
7,形成可用develop表示，而不用shape或form。”有穿透力的“译为piercing。唱腔乍看可能不好翻译，其实就是歌唱的风格，即style of song。
【参考译文】
Peking Opera,as the national opera of China,has a history of more than 200 years.Compared with other Chinese local operas,Peking Opera enjoys a higher reputation,but actually it absorbed many elements of other local operas.The facial make-up and costumes of the performers are very delicate;by contrast,the backdrops are quite plain.During performance,the performers mainly utilize four skills:song,speech,dance,and combat.Peking Opera is better at performing political and military struggle with historical themes and the performed stories are mainly from historic and fictional stories.In ancient times,Peking Opera was mostly performed in the open air,so the performers developed a piercing style of song that could be heard by everyone.自驾游（self-driving tour）属于自助旅游的一种类型，是近年来我国新兴的旅游方式，以自由、灵活、富有个性化等突出特点被旅游者接受和喜爱。自驾游在选择目的地、参与旅程设计和体验自由等方面，给旅游者提供了极大的灵活性，与传统的参团旅游（group tour）相比更具有自身的特点和魅力。随着自驾旅游者增多，自驾游市场已经成形，越来越多的旅行社、汽车俱乐部、汽车租赁公司（car rental companies）看好这个市场，并涉足这一市场的开发。
【译点精析】
1、自助旅游——self-help travel/self-service travel
2、新兴的旅游方式——a new travel mode/a new way of travel
3、自由、灵活、富有个性化等突出特点——striking characteristics of being free,flexible and personalized。striking——显著的，突出的
4、提供了极大的灵活性——provides travelers with great flexibility5、目的地——target place/destination
6、看好这个市场，并涉足这一市场的开发——are optimistic about this market and get involved in the development of the market，其中“看好”——are optimistic about表示“对...持乐观态度”“涉足”——get involved in
【参考译文】
Self—driving tour,a sort of self—help travel,is a new travel mode in China in recent years.It has won traveler's acceptance and love for its striking characteristics of being free,flexible and personalized.It provides travelers with great flexibility in selecting target place,participating in devising travel procedures and experiencing freedom,which endows it with its own characteristics and charm compared with traditional group tour.As self—driving tourists increase,self—driving tour market has taken shape.More and more travel agencies,car clubs and car rental companies are optimistic about this market and get involved in the development of the market.颐和园是世界上保存最完整的皇家园林，也是当今中国最大的皇家园林。它坐落于北京西北部的郊区，占地290公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖构成。在1998年12月，联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)将颐和园列入《世界遗产名录》。该名录宣称“颐和园的人工景观与自然景观和谐地融为一体，堪称中国风景园林设计中的创造性杰作”。
The Summer Palace is regarded as the best-preserved imperial garden in the world,and is the largest of its kind in modern-day China.Situated in the northwestern outskirts of Beijing,the
palace occupies an area of 290 hectares and consists mainly of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake.In December 1998 , UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List.It declared
the Summer Palace an“ outstanding expression of the creative art of Chinese Landscape Garden Design,incorporating the works of humankind and nature in a harmonious whole.”
汉语多重复，而英语则常常需要避免重复，因此在翻译重复的汉语是，多采用桶词异译法，或者采用代词来进行替代。该句中of its kind来翻译重复的皇家园林。最后一句，对原文据需进行了调整，原文的两个分句是因果关系，而译文采用了伴随性定语从句来翻译。
第四篇：六级翻译
北京有无数的胡同。胡同的意思就是小巷子。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。它反映了社会的变迁。随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同将成为人们的记忆。
In Beijing,there are many Hutongs, which mean small lanes.The life of ordinary people in these lanes contributes greatly to the charm of Beijing, the ancient capital.Usally, there is a courtyard complex inside the Hutong, with rooms for an average of 4 to 10 families of about 20 members.So life at the Hutong is that of a friendly and interpersonal communication.Hutong is the living environment of ordinary Bejing natives.It is also an art of architecture.It reflects the changes of the society.With the rapid development of the society and economy, many Hutongs will live only in people’s memory.端午节，又称龙舟节，为每年农历五月初五。端午节起源于中国，最初是我国以祛病防疫的节日，后来传说爱国诗人屈原在这一天死去，也同时成了中国汉族人民纪念屈原的传统节日。端午节有吃粽子，赛龙舟等主要习俗。特别是赛龙舟的习俗受到普遍的欢迎，因为它不仅是一种体育娱乐活动，更体现出人们心中的爱国主义和集体主义精神
Duanwu Festival, also called The Dragon-boat Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese lunar calendar.It originated in China as a festival for the Chinese people to prevent and get rid of diseases.Later on, it was said that Quyuan, the patriotic poet, died on this day and it became a traditional festival in memory of Quyuan for the Chinese Han people.Eating zongzi and racing dragon boats are the main customs of Duanwu Festival.Especially, dragon boat racing is very popular, for it is not only an activity of sports and recreation, but also embodies people’s patriotism and collectivism.中医是我国的传统医学，起源于大约6000年前的神农氏时代。中医学在长期的发展过程中，逐渐形成了一套医学原则和观点。中医认为“万物人为贵”。中医师通过了解人与自然以及人体各部位之间的种种关系来诊断和治疗人的疾病。中医有完整的理论体系和临床治疗办法，其独特的疗效和科学体系赢得了全世界的广泛赞誉。The Chinese medicine, known as “traditional Chinese medicine” in China, originated about 6000 years ago, in the era of Shennong, a famous herbal medicine master in ancient China.During the long-term development, the traditional Chinese medicine has gradually formed a set of medical principles and concepts.Traditional Chinese medicine holds that nothing compares to a human life.Traditional Chinese medical doctors diagnose and treat the patients’ diseases through finding out the relationship between man and nature, and among the various parts of the human body.Traditional Chinese medicine has developed a complete theoretical system and complete clinical treatment approaches.And it wins widespread praises all over the world because of its unique effectiveness and its scientific nature.文化是一个国家的面孔。在中国文化输出的过程中，中华民族这个巨人给世界带去了物质和精神文化大餐。在中国文化对外传播的历史道路上，丝绸、瓷器、茶叶、科技发明这些物质文明符号，带动了世界的进步，而“四书”、“五经”等典籍所倡导的中庸、守信、谦和、善治等精神则在世界上树立了中国的精神符号。Culture is a country’s face.During the course of Chinese culture output, the giant of the Chinese nation has taken to the world the cultural feast of both materials and spirit.On the historical path of the foreign communication of the Chinese culture, such signs of material civilization as silk, china, tea, and scientific and technological inventions led the world’s progress.Meanwhile, such spirit as the golden mean, faith keeping, modesty and gentleness and good governance initiated in the classic works of the Four Books, the Five Classics, etc, established the signs of the Chinese spirit in the world.我们将大力促进亚洲和世界发展繁荣。新世纪以来，中国已成为众多周边国家的最大贸易伙伴、最大出口市场、重要投资来源地。中国同亚洲和世界的利益融合达到前所未有的广度(scope)和深度。当前和今后一个时期，中国经济将继续保持健康发展的势头，国内需求特别是消费需求将持续扩大，对外投资也将大幅增加。中国越发展，越能给亚洲和世界带来发展机遇。
China will strongly promote development and prosperity in both Asia and the world.Since the beginning of this new century, China has become the largest trading partner, the biggest export market and a major source of investment of many neighboring countries.China’s interests have never been so closely connected with those of the rest of Asia and the world in both scope and depth.At present and in the future period, China will continue to maintain its healthy growth trend.Its domestic demand, particularly consumption-driven demand will continue to grow and its investment in foreign countries will increase greatly.The more China develops, the more developing opportunities it will bring to Asia and the world.建设生态文明是关系人民福祉、关系民族未来的大计。中国要实现工业化、城镇化、信息化、农业现代化、必须要走出一条新的发展道路。中国明确把生态环境保护摆在更加突出的位置。我们需要金山银山，更要绿水青山。我们决不能一牺牲生态环境为代价换取经济的一时发展。我们提出了建设生态文明、建设美丽中国的战略任务，给子孙留下天蓝、地绿、水净的美好家园。
The construction of ecological civilization is important for the happiness of the Chinese people and the future of the Chinese nation.To realize industrialization, urbalization, informationization and agricultural modernization, China must find a new development path out.China makes it clear to put the protection of ecological environment in a more outstanding postion.We need mountains pf gold and silver, but we also need green mountains and waters more.We mustn’t gain the temporary economic development at the expense of the ecological environment.Thus, we put forward the strategic task of constructing ecological civilization and a beautiful China, leaving our descendants a beautiful home with blue sky, green land and clear water.中国作为文明古国，同样有着辉煌的城市发展史。著名的《清明上河图》(Riverside Scene during Qingming Festival)，就生动地描绘了12世纪中国商业城市开封的繁荣景象。中国的城市也具有自身特色。改革开放30多年来，中国工业化、城镇化步伐明显加快，城镇居民从1.7亿人增加到7亿人，形成了一批有重要影响和发展活力的城市群(city cluster)，促进了经济发展和社会进步。
China, a country with an ancient civilization, also has a brilliant history of urban development.The famous painting Riverside Scene During the Qingming Festival vividly captures the life of Kaifeng, a commercial city in China in the 12th century.Chinese cities also have their own characteristics.Since the launching of the reform and opening-up program over 30 years ago, China has quickened the pace of industrialization and urbalization, with urban pollution increasing from 170 million to some 700 million, forming a number of city clusters with strong influence and developing vigor, which has promoted economic development and social progress.“学习”这两个字是由中国的孔夫子首先讲的。他是一个伟大的教育家。他自己学习十分努力，又有了多年的教学经验，就总结出这么一句话：“学而时习之，不亦乐乎？”这是“学习”一词的来源。任何人要获得新知识，途径只有一条，那便是“学”。但要使它成为自己的东西，就必须“习”。孔子的话，在今天仍然具有教育意义。The two characters “xue”and “xi” were first used by China’s Confucius, who was a great educator.Studying hard himself, and having many years’ experience of teaching, he summed up the question in one sentence: “isn’t it enjoyable to learn something and to review it often?” And that’s the origin of the word “xuexi”, which means “study”.There is only one way for anyone to acquire new knowledge, and that’s
“learning”.But one must review it to turn it into something of his own.So Confucius’ teaching is still instructive today.在外国民众看来，最能代表中国文化的就是中餐、中国功夫、大红灯笼和京剧这样一些符号。全世界有中国人的地方，大都会有中国餐馆，而中国餐馆又大都会有大红灯笼，或是挂着中国功夫的图片或是播放着中国京剧。很多外国人喜爱这些中国文化的符号。这些老符号有着很大的魅力，有助于传播中国文化或打造中国形象。
To people from the foreign countries, what can best represent the Chinese culture are such signs as Chinese meals, Chinese gongfu, the red lantern, and Peking opera.In the world, where there are Chinese people, there are Chinese restaurants, where red lanterns or pictures of Chinese gongfu are hung or China’s Peking Opera is played.Many foreigners love these signs of the Chinese culture.These old signs are full of charm, and are beneficial for the transmission of the Chinese culture or the creation of the Chinese iamge.“中国梦”的含义是国家富强、民族复兴和人民幸福。中国梦是国家的梦，民族的梦和人民的梦，也是每一个中国人的梦，是个人之梦的集合，是共同的梦。正如习主席所说：“国家好、民族好、大家才会好。”中国梦充满着中华文明“家国天下”的理性光辉。中国梦也是和平之梦，合作之梦，共赢之梦。中国梦今天是梦想，明天将是现实。
The Chinese Dream means a prosperous and strong China, the revival of the Chinese nation and a happy life for the Chinese people.The Chinese Dream is the dream of a country, a nation and a people.It is also a dream of every Chinese.It is a combination of inpidual dreams and it is a common dream.Just as President Xi puts it, only when the country and the nation are better off can every one of us be better off.The Chinese Dream is filled with the rational brilliance of the Chinese civilization: one nation is one family and each member is responsible for its prosperity.The Chinese Dream is also a dream of peace, cooperation and win-win.Today, it is a dream.Tomorrow it will be reality.
第五篇：六级 翻译（范文模版）
上海自贸试验区，称之为“pilot free trade zone”（简写pilot FTZ）。其中“pilot”一词为“试验”之义。商务部的英文页面在发布相关信息时，也曾有“China(Shanghai）Pilot FTZ”的表述
“一带一路（One Belt and One Road）”是指“丝绸之路经济带（the Silk Road Economic Belt）”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路（the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road）”。总书记在去年9月和10月分别提出建设“一带”和“一路”的战略构想，强调相关各国要打造互利共赢的“利益共同体（benefit community）”和共同发展繁荣的“命运共同体（fate community）”。
“一带一路”是习近平担任中国最高领导人之后提出的重要国际性合作倡议（international cooperation initiative）之一。“一带一路”的建设，顺应了全球化趋势和各国抱团取暖、共同合作的愿望，有着良好的发展前景。此次APEC北京峰会还将讨论启动亚太自由贸易区（the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific），一旦与“一带一路”成功对接，将史无前例地将北美、西欧、东亚这三大世界经济中心连为一体，塑造世界地缘经济（geo-economy）的新格局。
另一个热门辞汇是习近平说的“老虎苍蝇一起打”，外媒直译成“Hunting Tigers and Flies”。
外媒报道中国的热门辞汇是：“中国经济新常态”译为“China's New Normal”；“一带一路”译为“The Belt and Road Initiatives”；
互联网+（Internet Plus）
出处：我想站在“互联网+”的风口上顺势而为，会使中国经济飞起来。（李克强答记者问）
202_年译文：Everyone stands a chance to fly when there is favorable wind blowing from behind.I believe with the tail wind generated by our Internet Plus strategy we will be able to bring Chinese economy offto a new level.中国制造202_（Made in China 202_）
出处：要实施“中国制造202_”，坚持创新驱动、智能转型、强化基础、绿色发展，加快从制造大国转向制造强国。（202_年李克强政府工作报告）
译文：We will implement the “Made in China 202_” strategy, seek innovation-driven development;apply smart technologies;strengthen foundations;pursue green development;and redouble our efforts to upgrade China from a manufacturer of quantity to one of quality.大众创业、万众创新
出处：推动大众创业、万众创新。这既可以扩大就业、增加居民收入，又有利于促进社会纵向流动和公平正义。
译文：We will also encourage people to start their own businesses and to make innovations, which will not only create more jobs and increase personal incomes, but also improve upwards social mobility and social equity and justice.餐桌污染（food contamination）
出处：着力治理餐桌污染，食品药品安全形势总体稳定。
译文：Serious efforts were made to prevent food contamination, and on the whole the situation was kept stable in food and medicine safety.
职业教育vocational education；professional education 《红楼梦》由曹雪芹和高鹗所著。小说以贾氏家族为故事核心，描述了贾家从一个富裕、有权有势的家族沦落为破落家庭的过程。小说成功塑造了100多个经典人物，他们分属于清朝的不同阶层。《红楼梦》对中国的封建社会有深刻的描绘,如果要了解中国人复杂的价值观,最好先能读懂《红楼梦》。毛主席评价道：“《红楼梦》不仅是爱情故事，也是历史故事，因为它描述了封建时代的兴败。”
【翻译词汇】
《红楼梦》 A Dream of Red Mansions
由…所著 be attributed to
家族 clan
富裕 affluent
权势 prestige
沦落为 descend to
塑造 portray
阶层 rank
封建社会 feudal society
复杂 complexity 参考译文：
A Dream of Red Mansions is attributed to Cao Xueqin and Gao-E.The author chose Jia Clan as the focus, depicting how an affluent and influential family with prestige lost its favor and descended to crash.In the novel, about 100 classic characters are successfully portrayed.These characters concern people of all ranks in the Qing Dynasty.A Dream of Red Mansions is a remarkable story about Chinese feudal society.To understand Chinese values in all its complexity, one can do no better than to read A Dream of Red Mansions.“It is not only a love story, but also a history story, because it describes the success and failure of the feudal period,” said Chairman Mao.翻译原文：
最近，一些地方大学开始将方言列为某些学生的必修课程，学生们要学习当地方言，然后被评分以作为毕业的依据之一。一方面，支持此种做法的人认为，将方言列为必修课可防止其消失，从而使当地传统文化和文化多样性得以弘扬，同时城市独特的个性得以保留。另一方面，反对此种做法的人争论说，当地学生与外地学生相比有很多绝对优势，因此将方言列为必修课会引起教育不公平的问题。而且，将方言列为必修课程还会引起一些其他问题，如教材使用、师资问题和考试标准等。在我看来，方言作为传统文化不可缺少的一部分和一种交流工具，可以让学生自愿学习和使用，而不是强制完成。
【翻译词汇】
方言 dialect
必修课程 compulsory course
依据 judging factor
支持 approve
消失 extinguish
文化多样性 cultural persity
弘扬 enhance
个性 identity
争论说 contend
绝对的 absolute
引起 give rise to/bring forth
考试标准 examination standard
不可缺少的 indispensable
自愿地 voluntarily
学习acquire 参考译文：
Recently, it has been practiced by some local universities that dialect is made a compulsory course for some students, under which students are subject to learning the local dialect and then graded as one of the judging factors for them to graduate.On the one hand, people approving the practice maintain that it will help to prevent the dialect from extinguishing so that the local traditional culture and the cultural persity can be enhanced, and the unique urban identity can be preserved simultaneously.On the other hand, people in opposition to the practice contend that it will give rise to the appearance of educational inequality, for the local students will enjoy absolute advantages over those from other places.Moreover, the inclusion of dialect in compulsory courses will bring forth other problems like teaching material, teachers and examination standards.As far as I am concerned, dialects, as an indispensable part of local traditional culture as well as a tool for communication, can be acquired and used voluntarily, not compulsorily.翻译原文：
选秀(draft),指选拔在某方面表现优秀的人。中国自古就有，古代选秀一般是宫廷选秀。从202_年《超级女声》开始，大众选秀节目开始进入我们的视线，这类几乎“零门槛(zero of threshold)”的选秀活动让所有人都有机会成为明星。之后的《好男儿》、《快乐男声》、《我型我秀》还有《中国好声音》等等选秀活动一一登场，几乎一刻都没有让中国的电视观众闲着。通过这些选秀活动，很多有才能的 “平民百姓”实现了自己的梦想，走上了星光大道(avenue of stars)。
参考译文：
A draft refers to a procedure during which people who perform well in a certain aspect are picked out.In ancient China, there were also drafts which generally referred to court drafts.From the year 202_ when Super Girl was on, talent show programs began to come into our sight.Such kind of nearly“zero threshold”talent show offers everyone an opportunity to become popular.Later,there came MyHero, Super Boy, My Show and The Voice of China.As these talent show programs appeared oneby one,Chinese TV audience hardly had time to rest.Through these talent show programs, man ytalented “ordinary people”realized their dreams and stepped on the avenue of stars.翻译原文：
故宫，又名紫禁城，为明清共二十四位皇帝统治中国近500年的皇宫。它位于北京市中心，在天安门广场的北侧，形状为长方形。南北长960米，东西宽750米，占地72公顷，总建筑面积达15万平方米。故宫是世界上现存规模最大、最完整的古代木构宫殿。它分为外朝和内廷两部分，外朝是皇帝上朝处理国家大事的地方，内廷是皇帝和皇室的居住地。1987年，故宫被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产。
翻译词汇：
故宫 the Imperial Palace
紫禁城 the Forbidden City
天安门广场 Tian’anmen Square
长方形 rectangular
建筑面积 floor space
现存 in existence
上朝 give audience
处理 handle
世界文化遗产 World Cultural Heritage 参考译文：
The Imperial Palace, also called the Forbidden City was the palace where the 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for roughly 500 years.The Imperial Palace is located in the center of Beijing, on the northern side of Tian’anmen Square, rectangular in shape, 960 meters from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, with an area of 72 hectares and a total floor space of 150 000 square meters.It’s the world’s largest and most integral palace made of wood in existence.The Forbidden City is pided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court.The outer court was the place where the emperors gave audience and handled state affairs, while the inner court was the living quarters for the emperors and their families.In 1987 the Imperial Palace was listed by the UNESCO as one of the World Cultural Heritage sites.庙会(temple fair)是中国的一种传统民俗活动。有传说认为，庙会源于古人祭祀土地神(village god),后来渐渐演变成商品交易市场和文化表演场所。庙会通常在庙里或寺庙附近的露天场地举行，时间常在节日或特定的日子。有些庙会只在春节举行。尽管不同地区的庙会时间不同，但是内容相似。农民和商人出售自己的农产品、玉器、花鸟鱼虫等;工匠摆摊展示并出售手工艺品;民间艺术家搭建舞台表演歌舞;普通民众来庙会购买商品、观看表演以及品尝特色小吃。
【参考译文】
The temple fair is a traditional folk activity in China.Legend has it that it originated in ancient times when people offered sacrifices to the village god, which later gradually evolved into a marketplace for people to exchange products and a place for cultural performance.The temple fairs, usually on the open ground or near a temple, are held on festivals or specified days.Some are held only during the Spring Festival.Although different places hold their temple fairs on various dates, the contents are similar.Farmers and merchants sell their farm produce, jade articles, flowers, birds and fish, etc.;craftsmen set up their stalls to show and sell their handicrafts;folk artists establish a stage for singing and dancing;ordinary people come to the temple fair to buy goods, watch the performances and eat special snacks.网上炫富
1.目前有一些人喜欢在网上炫.2.人们对这一现象的看法不一
3.我的看法
Displaying Wealth Online
Nowadays, it is not rare to see people displaying their wealth on the Internet.Some post pictures of luxury goods, such as brand clothes and bags, luxurious automobiles or jewelries.Some write about their experiences in which a lot of money is spent.People have different responses to this phenomenon.Some say that it is people’s right to share their possessions or experiences with others on the Internet, as long as the things are legal and the experiences real.However, some criticize that the rich people are too arrogant.What’s worse, there are also a few who are not actually rich but put fake photos only to satisfy their vanity.In my opinion, sharing is a good thing, and it is exactly the spirit of the Internet.But people should make careful choice on what they are sharing.After all, showing off is not very nice, not to mention faking.
