下载文档第一篇：多国政要悼念曼德拉 卡梅伦称“世界失去明灯”
南非前总统曼德拉因病去世，享年95岁。
国际在线专稿：据英国广播公司12月16日报道，南非首位黑人总统和反种族隔离偶像纳尔逊·曼德拉于当地时间5日去世，享年95岁。多国领导人表示哀悼。
美国总统奥巴马5日在白宫发表电视讲话悼念南非前总统曼德拉。美国总统奥巴马称曼德拉体现了“人类向更好前景转变的承诺”。奥巴马表示，南非前总统曼德拉具有影响力、具勇气，是彻头彻尾一个好人。
奥巴马还说，他和无数人一样，曼德拉的一生给了他积极的启发。
英国首相卡梅伦对曼德拉的去世发表评论说：“世界失去了一盏明灯。纳尔逊·曼德拉是我们这个时代的英雄。”英国首都伦敦唐宁街10号的首相府将降半旗以示哀悼。
据悉，卡梅伦与曼德拉见过两次面，一次是他还担任反对派领袖时在南非见到曼德拉，另一次是2010年在伦敦与他会面。
潘基文在获悉曼德拉去世后，迅速发表声明对曼德拉的逝世表示悲痛。他在纽约总部记者间宣读悼念声明时表示，在推进联合国价值和诉求方面，我们这个时代没有人比曼德拉做的更多，他影响了全世界。
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第二篇：卡梅伦
原标题：卡梅伦哽咽挽留苏格兰：请救救英国
‚我有义务明确告诉大家，一旦你们选择‘是’，将带来怎样的后果。独立不意味着短暂的分手，而将是痛苦的离婚。请不要分裂英国这个民族家庭。‛
‚当你们做最后决定的时候，请一定不要让人告诉你，你们已经不再是一个骄傲的苏格兰人、同时也是一个骄傲的英国人了。我们由衷地请求你们选择‘在一起’，选择留下。请投票拯救我们的英国。‛
15日，卡梅伦在苏格兰发表动情演讲，在独立公投前对苏格兰人作最后的挽留。
“假如你们不喜欢我，我不会永远在这个位置上。假如你们不喜欢现在的政府，它也不会永远执政下去，但如果你们离开英国，那就真的永远回不来了。”——卡梅伦
15日，在全球关注的苏格兰独立公投仅有三天之际，英国首相卡梅伦亲自来到苏格兰东北部城市阿伯丁，向苏格兰民众作最后的挽留。在当地的演讲中，卡梅伦情绪激动，几近哽咽。他动情呼吁苏格兰人不要和英国“离婚”，呼吁苏格兰人拯救“英国”。
英国首相卡梅伦15日飞赴苏格兰作“最后挽留”，呼吁选民在18日的独立公投中投反对票。
独立不是分居是离婚 卡梅伦当天傍晚乘飞机抵达苏格兰东北部城市阿伯丁，对当地英国保守党积极分子发表讲话。他说：“本周可能永远改变英国。苏格兰独立不是试验性‘分居’，而是痛苦的‘离婚’。请不要分裂英国这个民族家庭。”
卡梅伦强调苏格兰对英国的重要性，称“因为有伟大的苏格兰才有大不列颠”。“苏格兰人民现在离去，就像费力建好一座房子，却走出去，关上门，然后扔掉钥匙。”
苏格兰定于18日举行公民投票以决定是否留在英国。支持独立的阵营认定，苏格兰脱离英国将过得更好。卡梅伦劝告苏格兰选民不要相信这类说法，称独立阵营描绘的前景“美好得不真实”。
独派统派势均力敌
他承诺，如果苏格兰选民在独立公投中说“不”，英国将会赋予苏格兰更多自主权；而一旦独立，将产生诸多问题，比如苏格兰民众进入英国探亲访友将会不便。
卡梅伦还表示，投票反对苏格兰独立，并不意味着“一切照旧”。公投之后，具体变化将很快发生，苏格兰将获得税收和公共开支方面更多自主权。他说：“我们全心全意希望你们留在英国，请投票支持苏格兰留在英国，投票拯救我们的英国。”
14日，英国女王伊丽莎白二世在苏格兰巴尔莫勒尔堡度假时，呼吁苏格兰民众“仔细考虑”未来。这是英国女王首次就独立公投公开表态。
截至目前，数家民意调查机构公布的最新民调结果显示，公投最终结果仍难预测，双方得票率可能比较接近。
2012年10月，卡梅伦与苏格兰政府首席大臣萨蒙德签署苏格兰独立公投协议。经英国议会授权，苏格兰议会有权组织2014年独立公投，英国中央政府和苏格兰政府都表示将尊重公投结果。
伦敦人喊“爱你别走”
同日，大约2000人在伦敦市中心特拉法尔加广场集会，支持英国维持统一。他们打着英国国旗，举着“苏格兰我们爱你，别走”等标语。广播中放着《我们是一家人》《让我们在一起》等歌曲。
在野党工党领袖米利班德定于16日发表讲话，呼吁苏格兰留在英国。英三大党承诺让苏格兰“更自由”
若不独立，苏格兰议会将获得更广泛权力，税收、开支也将更自主 英国三大政党领袖15日签署了一项保证协议，承诺在苏格兰不独立的前提下，向苏格兰下放更多的权力。
英国首相、保守党领袖卡梅伦，英国副首相、自民党领袖克莱格和工党领袖米利班德签署的这份文件主要包括三部分内容。一是承诺苏格兰议会将获得更广泛的权力；二是保证英国各个部分公平分享资源；三是国家医疗体系的资金支出由苏格兰政府决定，并维持“巴奈特方案”的分配方式。
“巴奈特方案”是1979年以来英国财政部计算分配给苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰的公共开支的方式，确保这三个地区可以与英格兰建立相当的公共功能。目前，苏格兰每人获得的预算高于英国其他地区的平均值。
卡梅伦表示，选择不独立会给苏格兰带来真正的变革，苏格兰议会将获得更多权力，苏格兰在税收、开支、福利方面也将有更多权力，不独立意味着“更快、更公平、更安全、更美好的变革”。
英国三大政党平时纷争不断，但在苏格兰公投前的关键时刻展现出空前的团结。上周，三大政党领袖在同一天齐赴苏格兰，劝说选民在公投中反对苏格兰独立。他们在一份声明中说：“尽管我们之间有许多分歧，但是有一件事情我们一致同意，那就是联合王国在一起会更好。”
但苏格兰政府首席大臣萨蒙德15日表示，独立后的苏格兰将更加繁荣和公平。他批评反对独立阵营的许多说法都是“危言耸听”。据中新社
美政府：尊重民意盼望统一
作为英国的长期盟友，美国政府15日试图“劝和”，帮助英国政府挽留苏格兰。白宫发言人乔希·欧内斯特说，美国政府将尊重苏格兰选民的决定，但是美方希望“看见英国保持强大和统一”。欧内斯特没有说明如果苏格兰从英国独立将对美国外交政策有何影响。
北大西洋公约组织秘书长安诺斯·福格·拉斯穆森同一天说，公投结果不会影响英国与北约的关系。但是，如果苏格兰独立并且打算成为北约成员，将不得不重新申请，需要“达到必要标准”并由其他成员国“一致同意”才可加入。他拒绝推测这一过程需要多长时间。欧洲联盟先前也说，如果苏格兰独立，需要重新申请才可加入欧盟。
第三篇：卡梅伦2016新年贺词
It's a New Year, and with our economy growing and a strong, majority government in power, Britain begins it with renewed strength.There are no New Year’s resolutions for us, just an ongoing resolve to deliver what we promised in our manifesto: Security at every stage of your life.新年之际，英国经济增长迅猛，联合政府执政能力强大，英国也掀开了新一页的篇章。新一年的决心没有其他，只希望继续履行我们在施政大纲中的承诺：确保人生各个阶段的安全。
Over 31 million people will begin this year in work, more than any in our history.Six million children will start the new term at a good or outstanding school.More than half a million workers will be taken out of income tax in April, as everyone apart from the very best paid gets a tax cut.And for the lowest paid, there will be a new National Living Wage.今年，有超过3100万的英国人要开始工作，这一数字之大前所未有。600万儿童将迈入优秀的学校开启新学期。四月份，超过50万的工人不用再交个人所得税，除了高收入人群，所有人的税收都有所减少。对于低收入人群来说，他们会得到最新的国家生活津贴。Meanwhile, millions more will benefit from the free childcare, new academies, rising pensions and extra apprenticeship that we committed to in our manifesto: all as a result of our long-term economic plan.与此同时，我们之前承诺的免费育儿、新学堂、养老金增加以及额外的见习期已使得数百万人受益，这些都是我们长期经济计划的结果。
We also promised something else in our manifesto, giving you a say on Europe and now we are delivering on that promise.There will be an in-out referendum by the end of 2017, it is written into the law of the land.I am negotiating hard to fix things that most annoy British people about our relationship with the EU.我们还在声明中向各位承诺过的一些其他事项：给予英国民众在英欧关系问题上的发言权，如今我们正在为之努力。2017年底会进行全民公投，并将其写入我国律法。针对让英国人头疼的英国与欧盟的关系这一问题，我正在同欧盟协商以解决。
There’s just one thing that drives me: What is best for the national interest of our country? But in the end it will be for you to decide.Is our economic and national security in a dangerous world better protected by being in, or out? We also go into the year confronting some deep social problems, ones that have blighted our country for too long.唯有这件事驱使着我：什么事会为国家取得最大利益？但最终，还是要你来决定。留在欧盟是否能更好地保护处于艰难境地中的英国经济及国家安全？今年我们也遭遇了许多深层的社会问题，这些问题已经困扰我们国家很久了。
I want 2016 to be the time when we really start to conquer them, a crucial year in this great turnaround decade.Because with economic renewal and social reform, we can make everyone’s lives more secure.我希望2016年会是我们开始战胜这些问题的一年，因为2016年是十年转型中的重要一年。英国政府只有加快经济复苏步伐，加大社会改革力度，英国民众的生活才更有保障。
So if you’re one of the many hardworking young people locked out of the housing market, we will deliver the homes that will help lead you to your own front door.If you’re off school or out of work, trapped in an underworld of addiction, abuse, crimes or chaos, we will sweep away state failure and help give you stability.If your dreams have been dashed simply because of who you are, we will fight discrimination and deliver real opportunity, to help lay your path to success.所以对于那些辛勤工作但至今未拥有新居的年轻人，我们为你们提供新居。如果你辍学了，或者失业了，又或受困于毒瘾、虐待、犯罪或者混乱的境遇中，我们会扫除这些障碍，给你稳定的生活。如果你们因你们的身份而使梦想破灭，我们消除歧视，为你们提供真正的平等机会帮助你们走向成功。
And we will take on another social problem, too.When our national security is threatened by a seething hatred of the West, one that turns people against their country and can even turn them into murderous extremists.I want us to be very clear: You will not defeat us.当然，我们也会着手解决另外一个社会问题。当我们的国家安全正遭受仇视西方情绪的威胁——这种厌恶会使得人们与自己的国家对立，甚至把他们变成喜爱杀戮的极端分子。我希望大家清楚：我们是无法被击败的！
And we will not just confront the violence and the terror.We will take on their underlying, poisonous narrative of grievance and resentment.We will come down hard on those who create the conditions for that narrative to flourish.我们面临的不仅仅是暴力和恐惧。我们还要打击愤懑和憎恶四下潜伏、负能量满满的思潮。我们将强烈打击那些为这种思潮滋长创造条件的人。And we will have greater confidence in, indeed, we will revel i , our way of life.Because if you walk our streets, learn in our schools, benefit from our society, you sign up to our values: Freedom, Tolerance, Responsibility, Loyalty.对于我们的生活方式，我们更为自信甚至更为享受。因为如果你走在大街上，在学校学习或者受益于社会，那就证明你接受了我们的价值观：自由，宽容，责任和忠诚。
These are the big challenges of our age, some of the biggest our nation has ever faced.And this year is a test of our mettle.Whether we put up with poverty, or put an end to it, ignore the glass ceiling, or smash it, abandon the tenant, or help make them a homeowner, appease the extremist or take apart their ideology, piece by piece.We’ll get Britain a better deal in Europe, give families the peace of mind they crave, and we’ll make our country even more secure.That’s what this year, this turnaround decade, is all about.我们的时代正面临着巨大的挑战，有些挑战是前所未有的。2016年是“考验我们气魄”的一年。不论我们是忍受贫穷还是结束贫穷，不论我们是忽视“玻璃天花板”效应（是指在公司企业和机关团体中，限制某些人口群体（女性、少数民族）晋升到高级职位的障碍）还是粉碎它，不论我们是置租房人员于不顾还是帮他们购置房产，不论我们是安抚极端分子还是粉碎他们的意识形态，我们都会在欧洲为英国争取更多利益，让每个家庭都能获得心灵上的安宁，我们还要让国家更为安宁。这就是我们今年，这一转型的十年中要做的事。
So let me wish everyone the very best and a very Happy New Year.祝福每一个人，新年快乐！
第四篇：卡梅伦演讲
卡梅伦深情挽留苏格兰演讲
We meet in a week that could change the United Kingdom forever.Indeed, it could end the United Kingdom as we know it。
On Thursday, Scotl and votes, and the future of our country is at stake.On Friday, people could be living in a different country,with a different place in the world and a different future ahead of it。This is a decision that could break up our family of nations, and rip Scotland from therest of the UK.And we must be very clear.There’s no going back from this.No rerun.This is a once-and-for-all decision。If Scotland votes yes, the UK will split, and we will go our separate ways forever。When people vote on Thursday, they are not just voting for themselves, but for their children and grandchildren and the generations beyond。So I want to speak directly to the people of this country today about what is at stake。
I speak for millions of people across England, Wales and Northern Ireland and many in Scotland, to who would betterly heartbroken by the breakup of the United Kingdom。
Utterly heartbroken to wake up on Friday morning to the end of the country we love, to know that Scots would nolonger join with the English, Welsh and Northern Irishin our Army, Navy and AirForce, in our UK-wide celebrations and commemorations, in UK sporting teamsfrom the Olympics to the British Lions。The United Kingdom would be nomore.No UK pensions, no UK passports, no UK pound。
The greatest example of democracy the world has ever known, of openness, of peopleof different nationalities andfaiths coming together as one, would be no more。It would be the end of a countrythat launched the Enlightenment that abolished slavery that drove the industrial revolution that defeated fascism.The end of a country that peoplearound the world respect and admire the end of a country that all of us call home。
And we built this home together.It’s only become Great Britain because of the greatness of Scotland。Because of the thinkers, writers,artists, leaders, soldiers, inventors who have made this country what it is。It's Alexander Fleming and DavidHume;J.K.Rowling and Andy Murray and all the millions of people who have played their part in this extraordinary success story, the Scots who led thecharge on pensions and the NHS and on social justice。We did all this together。
For the people of Scotland towalk away now would be like painstakingly building ahome – and then walking out the door and throwing away the keys。SoI would say to everyone votingon Thursday, please remember.This isn't just any old country.This is the United Kingdom.This is our country。
And you know what makes us truly great?It's not our economic might or military prowess, it's our values。British values.Fairness.Freedom.Justice。The values that say wherever youare, whoever you are, your life has dignity and worth。The values that say we don't walk on by when people are sick, that we don't ask for your credit card in the hospital, that we don't turn our backs when you get old and frail。That we don't turn a blind eye ora cold heart to people around the world who are desperate and crying out for help。This is what Britain means。This is what makes us the greatest country on earth。And it's why millions of us could not bear to see that country ending – for good,for ever – on Friday。
NowI know that there are many people across Scotland who are planning to vote Yes。I understand why this might sound appealing。It's the promise of something different。I also know that the people who are running the Yes campaign are painting a picture of a Scotland that is better in every way, and they can be good at painting that picture。But when something looks too goodto be true – that's usually because it is。And it is my duty to be clear about the likely consequences of a Yes Vote。Independence would not be a trial separation;it would be a painful porce。And as Prime Minister I have totell you what that would mean。
It would mean we no longer share the same currency。It would mean the armed forces we have built up together over centuries being split up forever。It would mean our pension fundssliced up – at some cost。It would mean the borders we have would become international and may no longer be so easily crossed。It would mean the automatic support that you currently get from British embassies when you’re travelling around the world would come to an end。It would mean over half of Scottish mortgages suddenly, from one day to the next,being provided by banksin a foreign country。It would mean that we no longer pool resources across the whole of the UK to pay for institutions like the NHSor our welfare system。It would mean that interest rates in Scotland are no longer set by the Bank of England – with the stability and security that promises。It would mean – for any banksthat remain in Scotland – if they ever got introuble it would be Scottish taxpayers and Scottish taxpayers alone that would bear the costs。This is not guess work.There are no question marks, no maybe this or maybe that。The Nationalists want to break up UK funding on pensions, the UK funding of healthcare,the UK funding and comprehensive protection on national security。These are the facts.This is what would happen。An end to the things we share together。And the people of Scotland must know these facts before they make this once-and-for-all decision。To warn of the consequences is not to scare-monger it is like warning a friendabout a decision they might take that will affect the rest of their lives – and the lives of their children。Is ay all this because I don't want the people of Scotland to be sold a dream that disappears。
Now I know that some people say:we've heard about the risks and the uncertainties but we still want change。Look.The United Kingdom is not a perfect country-no country is。Of course we must constantly change and improve people's lives。No one is content while there are still children living in poverty。No oneis content while there arepeople struggling, and young people not reaching their potential。Yes,every political party is different。But we are all of us –Conservatives, Labour, Lib Dems, Nationalists – on aconstant mission to change our country for the better。The question is: how do you get that change? For me it's simple。
You don't get the change you wantby ripping your country apart。You don't get change by undermining your economy and damaging your businesses and diminishing your placein the world。But you can get real, concrete change on Thursday: if you vote No.’Businessas usual' is not on the ballot paper.The status quo is gone。This campaign has swept it away。There is no going back to the waythings were。
A vote for No means real changeand we have spelled that change out in practical terms, with a plan and a process。If we get a No vote on Thursday,that will trigger a major, unprecedented programme of devolution with additional powers for the Scottish Parliament.Major new powers over tax,spending and welfare services。Wehave agreed a timetable forthat stronger Scottish Parliament: a time-table to bring in the new powers thatwill go ahead if there is a No vote...a White Paper by November, put into draft legislation by January。This is a time table that is now agreed by all the main political parties and set instone and I am prepared towork with all the main parties to deliver thisduring 2015.So a No vote actually means faster, fairer, safer and better change。And this is a vital point:Scotland is not an observer in the affairs of this country。Scotland is shaping and changing the United Kingdom for the better – more so today than at any point in the last three hundred years and will continue to help shape the constitution of ourcountry。And Scottish people can enjoy the additional powers its Parliament gives without losing the UK pension, the UK pound or the UK passport。Real change is Scotland's for the taking。The power to set your own courseand make your own decisions with the security of being in the UK without the risks of going it alone。
It's the best of both worlds。
Scotland’s identity is already,strong Scottish culture, strong Scottish arts, a strong Church of Scotlandand in the last 15years you have built a strong Scottish Parliament not afleeting institutionbut a permanent one。
So the vote on Thursday is not about whether Scotland is a nation.Scotland is aproud, strong, success fulnation.The vote on Thursday is about two competing visions for Scotland’sfuture。
The Nationalists’ vision of narrowing down, going it alone, breaking all ties with the UK。
Or the patriotic vision of astrong Scottish nation allied to the rest of the United Kingdom with its ownstronger Scottish Parliament at its heart, and with the benefits of working together in the UK on jobs, pensions, healthcare funding,the currency, interestrates。
It really is the best of both worlds and it's the best way to get real change and secure a better future for your children and grand-children，which is what this vital debate all about。
And speaking of family – that is quite simply how I feel about this.We are afamily.The United Kingdom is no tone nation.We are four nations in a single country。
That can be difficult but it is wonderful.Scotland, England, Wales and NorthernIreland are different nations,with inpidual identities competing with each other even at times enraging each other while still being so much stronger together。
We are a family of nations。
Why should the next generation ofthat family be forced to choose whether to identify only with Edinburgh or only with London choose which embassy they want to go to when they are in trouble abroad or pack their passport when they're going to see friends and loved ones?
A family is not a compromise, or a second best, it is a magical identity, that makes us more together than we can ever be apart。
So please do not break this family apart。
In human relations it's almostnever a good thing to turn away from each other,put up walls, score new lines on the map。
Why would we take one Great Britain and turn it into separate smaller nations?
What is that an answer to?
How will that help the ambitious young people who want to make their mark on the world or the pensioner who just wants security or the family relying on jobs make in the UK?
Let no one fool you that ‘Yes' isa positive vision.It's about piding people,closing doors, making foreigners of our friends and family。
This isn't an optimistic vision。
The optimistic vision is of ourfamily of nations staying together there for each other in the hard timescoming through to better times。
We've just pulled through a greatrecession together.We’re moving forward together.The road has been long but it is finally leading upwards and that's why I ask you to vote No to walking away。
Vote No , and you are voting for a bigger and broader and better future for Scotland, and you are investing in the future for your children and grandchildren.So this is our message to the people of Scotland:
We want you to stay.Head and heart and soul, we want you to stay。
Please don't mix up the temporary and the permanent。
Don't think: “I'm frustrated with politics right now, so I'll walk out the door and never come back。”
If you don't like me – I won't be here forever.If you don't like this Government– it won't last forever.But if you leave the UK – that will be forever。
Yes,the different parts of the UK don't always see eye-to-eye。
Yes,we need change– and we will deliver it but to get that change, to get a brighter future, we don't need to tear our country apart。
In two days, this long campaign will be at an end.And as you stand in the stillness of the polling booth, I hope you will ask yourself this。
Will my family and I truly be better off by going it alone? Will we really be more safe and secure? Do I really want to turn my back on the rest of Britain, and why is it that so many people across the world are asking: why would Scotland want to do that? Why? And if you don't know the answer to these questions –then vote No。
At the end of the day, all the arguments of this campaign can be reduced to a single fact: we are better together.So as you reach your final decision,please don't let anyone tell you that you can't be a proud Scot and a proud Brit。
Don't lose faith in what this country is – and what we can be.Don’t forget what a great United Kingdom you are part of.Don’t turn your backs on what is the best family of nations in the world and the best hope for your family in this world.So please, from all of us: Vote to stick together, vote to stay, vote to save our United Kingdom。
第五篇：卡梅伦演讲稿免费
Tuesday 9 November 2010
PM’s speech at Beida University, China
A transcript of speech given by the Prime Minister at the Beida University in China on 9 November 2010.Introduction
Twenty five years ago I came to Hong Kong as a student.The year was 1985.Deng Xiaoping and Margaret Thatcher had recently signed the historic Joint Declaration.The remarkable story of the successful handover of Hong Kong and the great progress Hong Kong has continued to make is an example to the world of what can be achieved when two countries cooperate in confidence and with mutual respect.Since then, China has changed almost beyond recognition.China’s National Anthem famously calls on the people of China to stand up
Qi lai qi lai(stand up, stand up)
Today the Chinese people are not just standing up in their own country, they are standing up in the world.No longer can people talk about the global economy without including the country that has grown on average ten per cent a year for three decades.No longer can we talk about trade without the country that is now the world’s largest exporter and third largest importer
And no longer can we debate energy security or climate change without the country that is one of the world’s biggest consumer of energy.China is on course to reclaim, later this century, its position as the world’s biggest economy the position it has held for 18 of the last 20 centuries.and an achievement of which the Chinese people are justly proud.Put simply: China has re-emerged as a great global power.Threat or Opportunity
Now people can react to this in one of two ways.They can see China’s rise as a threat
or they can see it as an opportunity.They can protect their markets from China
or open their markets to China.They can try and shut China out
or welcome China in, to a new place at the top table of global affairs.There has been a change of Government in Britain and a change of Prime Minister.But on this vital point there is absolute continuity between my government and the Governments of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown.We want a strong relationship with China.Strong on trade.Strong on investment.Strong on dialogue.I made that clear as Leader of the Opposition when I visited Beijing and Chongqing three years ago.And I repeat it as Prime Minister here in China’s capital today.In the argument about how to react to the rise of China.I say it’s an opportunity.I choose engagement not disengagement.Dialogue not stand-off.Mutual benefit, not zero-sum game.Partnership not protectionism.Britain is the country that argues most passionately for globalisation and free trade.Free trade is in our DNA.And we want trade with China.As much of it as we can get.That’s why I have with me on this visit one of the biggest and most high-powered delegations a British Prime Minister has ever led to China.Just think about some of the prizes that the rise of China could help to bring within our grasp.Strong, and sustainable growth for the global economy.Vital progress on the Doha trade round which could add $170 billion to the global economy.A real chance to get back on track towards a legally binding deal on emissions
Unprecedented progress in tackling poverty.China has lifted 500 million people out of poverty in just thirty years.Although there is still a long way to go – that’s more people lifted out of poverty than at any time in human history.You can see the results right across this enormous country.When I worked in Hong Kong briefly in 1985, Shenzhen was barely more than a small town, surrounded by paddy fields and waterways.Today it is a city larger than London.It makes most of the world’s iPods and one in ten of its mobile phones.And there are other benefits too in tackling the world’s most intractable problems.I welcome the fact, for example, that more than 900 Chinese doctors now work in African countries and that in Uganda it is a Chinese pharmaceutical firm that is introducing a new anti-malarial drug.So I want to make the positive case for the world to see China’s rise as an opportunity not a threat.But China needs to help us to make that argument to demonstrate that as your economy grows, so do our shared interests, and our shared responsibilities.We share an interest in China’s integration into the world economy, which is essential for China’s development.If we are to maintain Europe’s openness to China, we must be able to show that China is open to Europe.So we share an interest in an international system governed by rules and norms.We share an interest in effective cooperative governance, including for the world economy.We share an interest in fighting protectionism and in a co-ordinated rebalancing between surplus and deficit countries.These interests, those responsibilities are both economic and political.Let me take each in turn.1)Economic Responsibilities
First, economic responsibilities.Let’s get straight to the point.The world economy has begun to grow again after the crisis.But that growth is very uneven.Led by China, Asia and other emerging markets are growing quickly.But in much of the advanced world growth is slow and fragile and unemployment stubbornly high.We should not be surprised at this.The crisis has damaged many advanced economies and weakened their financial sectors.They face major structural and fiscal adjustments to rebalance their economies.This is true of my own country.We know what steps we need to take to restore the public finances and rebalance our economy towards greater saving and investment and greater exports.And we have begun to take them.But for the world economy to be able to grow strongly again – and to grow without creating the dangerous economic and financial instabilities that led to the crisis, we need more than just adjustment in the advanced world.The truth is that some countries with current account surpluses have been saving too much while others like mine with deficits have been saving too little.And the result has been a dangerous tidal wave of money going from one side of the globe to the other.We need a more balanced pattern of global demand and supply, a more balanced pattern of global saving and investment.Now sometimes when you hear people talk about economic imbalances, it can seem as though countries that are successful at exporting are being blamed for their success.That’s absolutely not the case.We all share an interest and a responsibility to co-operate to secure strong and balanced global growth.There is no greater illustration of this than what happened to China as the western banking system collapsed.Chinese exports fell 12 per cent
growth dropped to its lowest point in more than a decade
and some 20 million jobs were lost in the Chinese export sector.Changes in the structure of our economies will take time
What is important is that the major economies of the world have a shared vision of the path of this change: what actions countries should avoid;what actions countries need to take and, crucially, over what period it should happen.This is why the G20 – and the meeting in Seoul – is so important.Together we can agree a common approach.We can commit to the necessary actions.We can agree that we will hold each other to account.And just as China played a leading role at the G20 in helping to avert a global depression
so it can lead now.I know from my discussions with Premier Wen how committed China is to actions to rebalance its economy.China is already talking about moving towards increased domestic consumption
Better healthcare and welfare
More consumer goods as its middle class grows and in time introducing greater market flexibility into its exchange rate.This can not be completed overnight but it must happen.Let’s be clear about the risks if it does not about what is at stake for China and for the UK – countries that depend on an open global economy.At the worst point of the crisis, we averted protectionism.But at a time of slow growth and high unemployment in many countries those pressures will rise again
Already you can see them.Countries will increasingly be tempted to try to maximise their own growth and their own employment, at the expense of others.Globalisation – the force that has been so powerful in driving development and bringing huge numbers into the world economy could go into reverse.If we follow that path we will all lose out.The West would lose for sure.But so too would China.For the last two decades, trade has been a very positive factor in China’s re-emergence on the world stage.It has driven amazing growth and raised the living standards of millions.Trade has helped stitch back China’s network of relations with countries across the world.We need to make sure that it does not turn into a negative factor.Just as the West wants greater access to Chinese markets so China wants greater access to Western markets and it wants market economy status in the EU too.I had very constructive talks with Premier Wen on exactly this issue yesterday.I will make the case for China to get market economy status in the EU,but China needs to help, by showing that it is committed to becoming more open, as it becomes more prosperous.And we need to work together to do more to protect intellectual property rights because this will give more businesses confidence to come and invest in China.UK companies are uniquely placed to support China’s demand for more high value goods for its consumers
Our Pavilion at the World Expo in Shanghai – which won the Gold Award for the best Pavilion design – was a showcase for so many of Britain’s strengths from advanced engineering to education…
From great brands to great pharmaceutical businesses
From low carbon to financial services to the creative industries.In all these areas and many more, British companies and British exports can help China deliver the prosperity and progress it seeks.We can be part of China’s development strategy, just as China is part of ours.A true partnership of growth.In recent days, Britain has won new business worth billions of pounds involving companies across the UK and cities all over China.including a deal between Rolls Royce and China Eastern Airlines for 16 Airbus 330 aeroengines worth £750 million and inward investments worth in excess of £300 million
This is all in addition to at least £3bn of business which British companies have secured as part of the Airbus contract concluded with China last week
and a further £2 billion of investments by Tesco to develop new shopping malls over the next five years.And with nearly 50 of Britain’s most influential culture, education and business leaders joining me on this visit
I hope these deals can be just the beginning of a whole new era of bilateral trade between our countries.Achieving this would be a real win-win for our two countries.So if China is prepared to pursue further opening of its markets
and to work with Britain and the other G20 countries to rebalance the world economy and take steps over time towards internationalising its currency
that will go a long way towards helping the global economy lock in the stability it needs for strong and sustainable growth.And just as importantly, it will go a long way in securing confidence in the global community that China as an economic power is a force for good.2）Political Responsibilities
But China does not just have new economic power.It has new political power.And that brings new political responsibilities too.What China says – and what China does – really matters.There is barely a global issue that needs resolution, which does not beg the questions: what does China think, and how can China contribute to a solution?
China has attempted to avoid entanglement in global affairs in the past.But China’s size and global reach means that this is no longer a realistic choice.Whether it’s climate change or development, health and education or global security, China is too big and too important now not to play its part.On climate change, an international deal has to be fair.And that means that countries with different histories can’t all be expected to contribute in exactly the same way.But a fair deal also means that all countries contribute and all are part of an agreement.And there’s actually a huge opportunity here for China.Because China can really profit from having some of the most efficient green energy in the world.On international security, great powers have a bigger interest than anyone in preserving stability.Take development for example, China is one of the fastest growing investors in Africa
with a vital influence over whether Africa can become a new source of growth for the world economy
We want to work together to ensure that the money we spend in Africa is not supporting corrupt and intolerant regimes.And the meeting of the UN Security Council which the British Foreign Secretary will chair later this month provides a good opportunity to step up our co-operation on Sudan.As China’s star rises again in the world, so does its stake in a stable and ordered world, in which trade flows freely.Today, China is the world’s second biggest importer of oil, and Sudan is one of your most important suppliers.So China has a direct national interest in working for stability in Sudan.And four fifths of your oil imports pass through the Malacca Straits.So like Britain and the other big trading nations, you depend on open sea lanes.And like us, your stability and prosperity depends in part on the stability and prosperity of others.Whether it’s nuclear proliferation, a global economic crisis or the rise of international terrorism, today’s threats to our security do not respect geographical boundaries.The proliferation of nuclear material endangers lives in Nanjing as well as New York.China is playing an active role in helping to prevent conflagration over North Korea.We have been working with China in the UN Security Council to keep up the pressure on Iran
and China’s continuing role here is vital if we are to prevent Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon.In your own region, I believe China can work with us to improve the situation for the Burmese people.And China is one of the few countries that Burma will listen to on this point.But political responsibilities are not just about how one country interacts with another
those responsibilities also apply to the way a country empowers its own people
Political Perspectives
It is undeniable that greater economic freedom has contributed to China’s growing economic strength.As China’s economy generates higher living standards and more choice for Chinese people, there is inevitably debate within China about the relationship between greater economic freedom and greater political freedom.I recognise that we approach these issues with different perspectives.I understand too that being in government is a huge challenge.I’m finding that running a country of 60 million people.So I can only begin to imagine what it is like leading a country of 1.3 billion.I realise this presents challenges of a different order of magnitude.When I came here last I was Britain’s Leader of the Opposition.Now we’ve had a General Election.It produced a Coalition Government, which combines two different political parties – the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats – with different histories and political philosophies, working together for the good of our country.The Labour Party is now the official Opposition, with a constitutional duty to hold the new Government publicly to account.Indeed if I were not in Beijing this Wednesday afternoon, I would be preparing for my weekly session of Prime Minister’s questions in the House of Commons, where MPs question me freely about the whole range of government policy.All the time the government is subject to the rule of law.These are constraints on the government, and at times they can be frustrating when the Courts take a view with which the government differs
but ultimately we believe that they make our government better and our country stronger.Through the media, the public get to hear directly from people who hold different views from the government.That can be difficult at times, too.But we believe that the better informed the British public is about the issues affecting our society
the easier it is, ultimately, for the British government to come to sensible decisions and to develop robust policies that command the confidence of our people.I make these observations not because I believe that we have some moral superiority.Our own society is not perfect.There is still injustice which we must work hard to tackle.We are far from immune from poverty and the ills that afflict every nation on earth.But in arguing for a strong relationship between our countries, I want a relationship in which we can be open with each other, in which we can have constructive dialogue of give and take in a spirit of tolerance and mutual respect.The rise in economic freedom in China in recent years has been hugely beneficial to China and to the world.I hope that in time this will lead to a greater political opening
because I am convinced that the best guarantor of prosperity and stability is for economic and political progress to go in step together.In some respects it already has.Ordinary Chinese people today have more freedom over where they live
what job they do
and where they travel
than ever before.People blog and text more.It’s right to recognise this progress.But it’s right also that Britain should be open with China on issues where, no doubt partly because of our different history and culture, we continue to take a different view.There is no secret that we disagree on some issues, especially around human rights.We don’t raise these issues to make to us look good, or to flaunt publicly that we have done so.We raise them because the British people expect us to, and because we have sincere and deeply held concerns.And I am pleased that we have agreed the next human rights dialogue between our two governments for January.Because in the end, being able to talk through these issues – however difficult – makes our relationship stronger.Conclusion
So let me finish where I began.China’s success – and continued success – is good for Britain and good for the world.It’s not in our national interests for China to stumble
or for the Chinese economy to suffer a reverse.We have to make the case.and I hope China will help us make the case.that as China gets richer, it does not follow that the rest of the world will get poorer.It is simply not true that as China rises again in the world, others must necessarily decline.Globalisation is not a zero sum game.If we manage things properly, if we win the arguments for free trade, if we find a way to better regulation, we can both grow together.But if we don’t, we will both suffer.I referred earlier to Britain’s Pavilion at the Shanghai Expo, “the Dandelion”
We are extremely proud that it won a coveted prize, and that it proved so popular with Chinese visitors.It is, in its way, a symbol of the strength and the potential in our relationship.Two different countries, past and future Olympic hosts, on far sides of the world, sowing the seeds of a flourishing relationship in the future, a relationship which has the potential to grow and to bloom.Proof, perhaps, that Confucius was right when he said.“within the four seas all men are brothers”
Yes, there we will be storms to weather.Yes, there will be perils to overcome.Yes, we will have to persevere.But it will be worth it – for Britain, for China and for the world.
