第一篇：2017年5月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及汉译英答案

2017年5月CATTI英语二级笔译真题

The 2030 Agenda For SustainableDevelopment

This Agenda isa plan of action for people, planet and prosperity.It also seeksto strengthen universal peace in larger freedom.We recognize thateradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, includingextreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and anindispensable requirement for sustainable development.We areresolved to free the human race from the alleviation of poverty andheal and protect our planet.Weare determined to take the bold and transformative steps which areurgently needed to shift the world onto a sustainable and resilientpath.The 17Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets which we areannouncing today demonstrate the scale and ambition of this newuniversal Agenda.They seek to build on the Millennium DevelopmentGoals and complete what these did not achieve.They seek to realizethe human rights of all and to achieve gender equality and theempowerment of all women and girls.They are integrated andinpisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainabledevelopment: the economic, social and environmental.We are meetingat a time of immense challenges to sustainable development.Billions of our citizens continue to live in poverty and are denieda life of dignity.Thereare rising inequalities within and among countries.Genderinequality remains a key challenge.Unemployment, particularlyyouth unemployment, is a major concern.Global health threats, morefrequent and intense natural disasters, spiraling conflict, violentextremism, terrorism and related humanitarian crises and forceddisplacement of people threaten to reverse much of the developmentprogress made in recent decades.Naturalresource depletion and adverse impacts of environmentaldegradation, including desertification, drought, land degradation,freshwater scarcity and loss of biopersity, add to and exacerbatethe list of challenges which humanity faces.Climatechange is one of the greatest challenges of our time and itsadverse impacts undermine the ability of all countries to achievesustainable development.The MillenniumDevelopment Goals were agreed 15 years ago provided an importantframework for development and significant progress has been made ina number of areas.But the progress has been uneven, particularlyin Africa, least developed countries, landlocked developingcountries, and small island developing States, and some of theMillennium Development Goals remain off-track, inparticular those related to maternal, newborn and child health andto reproductive health.Werecommit ourselves to the full realization of all the MillenniumDevelopment Goals, including the off-track Millennium DevelopmentGoals, in particular by providing focused and scaled-up assistanceto least developed countries and other countries in specialsituations, in line with relevant support programs.The new Agendabuilds on the Millennium Development Goals and seeks to completewhat these did not achieve, particularly in reaching the mostvulnerable countries.二、英译汉第二篇：出自2010年Economist

Entrepreneursin Silicon Valley, only half-jokingly, call it the URL strategy.The three letters usually stand for Uniform Resource Locator—theunique address of any file that is accessible via the internet.Butin the world of internet start-ups, URL has another meaning:Ubiquity first, Revenue Later.This pretty much describes thestrategy of most big online social networks, which over the pastfew years have concentrated on piling on users rather than worryingabout profits.Thathas allowed them to build huge followings, but it has also raised abig question-mark over their ability to make money from theaudiences they have put together.At issueis whether the social-networking industry can come up with a wildlysuccessful form of advertising in the same way that Google has beenable to make billions of dollars from the targeted ads that runalongside the search results it serves up.Without such a formula,runs the argument, social networks such as Facebook will neveramount to much.Doubters claimthat the networks face two big handicaps.The first is that peoplelogged into social-networking sites are there to hang out withtheir friends, so they will pay no attention to ads.The second isthat because the sites let users generate their own content, theywill find it hard to attract advertisers because brands will notwant to take the risk of appearing alongside examples of profanity,obscenity or nudity—or all three at once.But thebroader outlook for networking sites is more encouraging.Onereason is that advertisers are being drawn to the leading sites bytheir sheer scale.Facebook's audience is bigger than any TVnetwork that has ever existed on the face of the earth.Anotherthing that has attracted companies is the networks' ability totarget ads with laser-like precision, thanks to the data they holdon their users' ages, gender, interests and so forth.Althoughthere are still lingering concerns about brands appearing next toracy content, firms seem more willing to run this risk now that thenetworks' advertising proposition has become morecompelling.In addition toadvertising-driven business model, networks are already makinghealthy profits from sales of games and virtual goods.The beautyof this business for social networks is that the cost of producingand storing virtual inventory is minimal.Moreover, because theseare closed markets, networks can fix prices at levels that generatefat margins.To some, the notion that big money can be made fromselling make-believe items may seem bizarre.But the practicereplicates the physical presents that people give to one another tocement relationships in the real world.三、汉译英第一篇：出自中国五矿集团公司介绍

本公司是全球最大最强的冶金建设运营服务商，拥有24万在职员工，资产规模超7000亿元，境外机构、资源项目与承建工程遍布全球60多个国家和地区。本公司有着独特的全产业链竞争优势，公司在全球金属矿业领域率先打通了从资源获取、勘查、设计、施工、运营到流通、深加工的全产业链，形成了为金属矿产企业提供系统性解决方案和工程建设运营一体化全生命周期的服务能力。

本公司金属矿产资源储量丰富，在国内外拥有一批世界级优质矿山。在冶金工业建设领域，公司积累了贯穿各环节的核心技术优势和设计施工能力，承担了中国大中型钢铁企业超过90%的设计施工任务和全球60%冶金建设任务，是冶金建设的“国家队”。公司拥有遍布全球的贸易流通网络，全球采购、全球营销，金属矿产品流通规模稳居国内第一。

参考译文：China Minmetals Corporation(CMC)is the largest and strongest in metallurgical construction and operation services globally.CMC, with 240,000 employeescontrols the total assets surpass RMB 0.7 trillion yuan.CMC’s foreign institutions, resource projects and construction projects are operating in more than 60 countries and regions.Enjoying unique competitive advantage, CMC takes the lead in running a whole industrial chain ranging from resources acquisition, exploration, project design, construction, operation, and circulation to intensive processing, and is able to provide systematic solutions to metals and minerals companies and render services for the whole lifecycle of project construction and operation.With abundant resources and reserves in metals and minerals, CMC owns a series of world-class mines with high quality at home and abroad.With core technology advantage as well as design and construction strength covering all sectors, the Corporation shoulders more than 90% of the design and construction work in China’s large-and-medium sized steel mills and 60% of metallurgical construction projects around the world, regarded as the “national team” in the metallurgical construction industry.Boasting fully-fledged trade and circulation network globally, the Corporation conducts procurement and marketing internationally and takes the first place in circulation scale of metals and minerals.四、汉译英第二篇：出自李克强总理2016年夏季达沃斯论坛开幕式致辞

我们应该积极促进结构性改革，特别是供给侧改革。中国经济发展面临结构性的矛盾，供给和需求两侧都有，主要在供给侧，我们要用改革的办法推进结构调整，减少无效和低端的供给，扩大有效和中高端的供给，这既有利于经济转型，也有利于促进经济增长。

其中重要的方面就是要淘汰严重过剩的产能，重点是抓好钢铁、煤炭等困难行业去产能，近年来已经取得些许成就，生煤和生铁产量下降，但还要进一步减少，主要是运用市场化和法治化手段，严格环保、质量、安全等标准。去产能最大的难题是人往哪里去。企业要采取多种措施使职工转岗不下岗，中央和地方政府都要对职工分流安置给予必要的支持。产能过剩是一个全球性的问题，我们将主动采取行动去产能，这本身就表明中国是负责任的大国。

参考译文：We need to advance structural reform，in particular that on the supply side.The structural problems facing the Chinese economy are about both the supply and demand sides，especially the supply side。We need to advance structural adjustment through reform，reduce inefficient and low-end supply，and expand effective and medium-to high-end supply.This is conducive to economic transformation as well as growth.A major task for us is to phase out outdated production capacity and address overcapacity，especially in steel，coal and other sectors that face difficulty in operation.Initial progress has been made in recent years，as is shown in the lowering production of raw coal and crude steel，but our efforts must well continue.We will adopt a market-based and rules-based approach and apply strict standards in environmental protection，quality and safety.The biggest challenge is how to address possible layoffs in this process.Businesses need to take multiple measures to ensure that their employees will get reemployed.Both the central and local governments should provide necessary support to take care of the affected employees.Overcapacity is a global challenge.The fact that we have taken the initiative to cut overcapacity demonstrates that China is indeed a responsible country.

第二篇：2017年5月CATTI英语二级笔译实务真题

2017年5月CATTI英语二级笔译实务真题

EC Passage 1

来源：联合国2030年可持续发展目标

This Agenda is a plan of action for people, planet and prosperity.It also seeks to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom.We recognize that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development.We are resolved to free the human race from the alleviation of poverty and heal and protect our planet.We are determined to take the bold and transformative steps which are urgently needed to shift the world onto a sustainable and resilient path.The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets which we are announcing today demonstrate the scale and ambition of this new universal Agenda.They seek to build on the Millennium Development Goals and complete what these did not achieve.They seek to realize the human rights of all and to achieve gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls.They are integrated and inpisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic, social and environmental.We are meeting at a time of immense challenges to sustainable development.Billions of our citizens continue to live in poverty and are denied a life of dignity.There are rising inequalities within and among countries.Gender inequality remains a key challenge.Unemployment, particularly youth unemployment, is a major concern.Global health threats, more frequent and intense natural disasters, spiraling conflict, violent extremism, terrorism and related humanitarian crises and forced displacement of people threaten to reverse much of the development progress made in recent decades.Natural resource depletion and adverse impacts of environmental degradation, including desertification, drought, land degradation, freshwater scarcity and loss of biopersity, add to and exacerbate the list of challenges which humanity faces.Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time and its adverse impacts undermine the ability of all countries to achieve sustainable development.The Millennium Development Goals were agreed 15 years ago provided an important framework for development and significant progress has been made in a number of areas.But the progress has been uneven, particularly in Africa, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, and small island developing States, and some of the Millennium Development Goals remain off-track, in particular those related to maternal, newborn and child health and to reproductive health.We recommit ourselves to the full realization of all the Millennium Development Goals, including the off-track Millennium Development Goals, in particular by providing focused and scaled-up assistance to least developed countries and other countries in special situations, in line with relevant support programs.The new Agenda builds on the Millennium Development Goals and seeks to complete what these did not achieve, particularly in reaching the most vulnerable countries.EC Passage 2 来源：经济学人

Entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley, only half-jokingly, call it the URL strategy.The three letters usually stand for Uniform Resource Locator—the unique address of any file that is accessible via the internet.But in the world of internet start-ups, URL has another meaning: Ubiquity first, Revenue Later.This pretty much describes the strategy of most big online social networks, which over the past few years have concentrated on piling on users rather than worrying about profits.That has allowed them to build huge followings, but it has also raised a big question-mark over their ability to make money from the audiences they have put together.And the issue is whether the social-networking industry can come up with a wildly successful form of advertising in the same way that Google has been able to make billions of dollars from the targeted ads that run alongside the search results it serves up.Without such a formula, runs the argument, social networks such as Facebook will never amount to much.Doubters claim that the networks face two big handicaps.The first is that people logged into social-networking sites are there to hang out with their friends, so they will pay no attention to ads.The second is that because the sites let users generate their own content, they will find it hard to attract advertisers because brands will not want to take the risk of appearing alongside examples of profanity, obscenity or nudity—or all three at once.But the broader outlook for networking sites is more encouraging.One reason is that advertisers are being drawn to the leading sites by their sheer scale.Facebook's audience is bigger than any TV network that has ever existed on the face of the earth.Another thing that has attracted companies is the networks' ability to target ads with laser-like precision, thanks to the data they hold on their users' ages, gender, interests and so forth.Although there are still lingering concerns about brands appearing next to racy content, firms seem more willing to run this risk now that the networks' advertising proposition has become more compelling.In addition to advertising-driven business model, networks are already making healthy profits from sales of games and virtual goods.The beauty of this business for social networks is that the cost of producing and storing virtual inventory is minimal.Moreover, because these are closed markets, networks can fix prices at levels that generate fat margins.To some, the notion that big money can be made from selling make-believe items may seem bizarre.But the practice replicates the physical presents that people give to one another to cement relationships in the real world.CE Passage 1

来源：中国五矿集团简介

本公司是全球最大最强的冶金建设运营服务商，拥有24万在职员工，资产规模超7000亿元，境外机构、资源项目与承建工程遍布全球60多个国家和地区。本公司有着独特的全产业链竞争优势，公司在全球金属矿业领域率先打通了从资源获取、勘查、设计、施工、运营到流通、深加工的全产业链，形成了为金属矿产企业提供系统性解决方案和工程建设运营一体化全生命周期的服务能力。

本公司金属矿产资源储量丰富，在国内外拥有一批世界级优质矿山。在冶金工业建设领域，公司积累了贯穿各环节的核心技术优势和设计施工能力，承担了中国大中型钢铁企业超过90%的设计施工任务和全球60%冶金建设任务，是冶金建设的“国家队”。公司拥有遍布全球的贸易流通网络，全球采购、全球营销，金属矿产品流通规模稳居国内第一。CE Passage 2

来源：李克强总理2016夏季达沃斯开幕式致辞

我们应该积极促进结构性改革，特别是供给侧改革。中国经济发展面临结构性的矛盾，供给和需求两侧都有，主要在供给侧，我们要用改革的办法推进结构调整，减少无效和低端的供给，扩大有效和中高端的供给，这既有利于经济转型，也有利于促进经济增长。

其中重要的方面就是要淘汰严重过剩的产能，重点是抓好钢铁、煤炭等困难行业去产能，近年来已经取得些许成就，生煤和生铁产量下降，但还要进一步减少，主要是运用市场化和法治化手段，严格环保、质量、安全等标准。去产能最大的难题是人往哪里去。企业要采取多种措施使职工转岗不下岗，中央和地方政府都要对职工分流安置给予必要的支持。产能过剩是一个全球性的问题，我们将主动采取行动去产能，这本身就表明中国是负责任的大国。

英语自由翻译【查红玉】提供 QQ：395334918 微信：zhahongyu182

第三篇：CATTI笔译词汇(法律-汉译英)-

公安分局 public security sub-bureau 公开审理public trial 公司上市 company listing 公诉词 statement of public prosecution 公证机关 public notary office 共同管辖 concurrent jurisdiction 国际司法协助 international judicial assistance 国际诉讼 international litigation 国内诉讼 domestic litigation 合议庭 collegial panel 羁押期限 term in custody 监护责任 liability of guardian 监视居住 living at home under surveillance 检察权 prosecutorial power 鉴定结论 expert conclusion 经济审判庭 economic tribunal 拘传 summon by force;summon by warrant 举报 report of an offence 举证责任 burden of proof 开庭审理 open a court session 开庭通知 notice of court session 勘验笔录 record of inquest 看守所 detention house 抗税 refusal to pay taxes 劳动争议仲裁委员会 arbitration committee for labor disputes 劳改场 reform-through-labor farm 劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office 立案报告 place a case on file 利害关系人 interested party 连带责任 joint liability 律师惩戒 lawyer discipline 律师资格考试 bar exam;lawyer qualification exam 乱罚款 quotas and fines 乱收费 arbitrary charges 乱摊派 arbitrary requisition of donations 秘密侦察 undercover investigation 民事诉讼法 civil procedural law 民事责任 civil liability 派出所 police station 骗税 tax fraud 破案 clear up/crack/solve a criminal case 侵权责任 liability for tort 取保候审 bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving 缺席判决judge by default 人身权利 rights of the person 认定事实 determine facts 上诉状 petition for appeal 涉外案件 cases involving foreign interests 涉外律师 lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters 申请复议 administrative reconsideration petition 实物证据 tangible evidence 视听证据 audio-visual reference material 收容所 collecting post;safe retreat 书证 documentary evidence 司法部 Ministry of Justice 司法建议书 judicial advice 私了 settle a case out of court 送达 service of process 提起公诉 institute a public prosecution 通缉 wanted for arrest 偷税 tax evasion 网上犯罪 cyber crime 未成年人法庭 juvenile court 委托授权书 power of attorney 物证 material evidence 项目融资project financing 项目谈判 project negotiating 刑事拘留 criminal detention 刑事诉讼 criminal litigation 行政诉讼 administrative litigation 行政诉讼法 administrative procedural law 严打斗争 strike-hard operation 一审案件 case of trial of first instance 侦查终结 conclusion of investigation 证据保全 preserve evidence 执业登记 registration for practice 执业证年检 annual inspection of lawyer license 仲裁案件 arbitration case 仲裁机构 arbitration agency 仲裁委员会 arbitration committee 专职律师 professional lawyer 资信调查 credit standing investigation 自首 confession to justice 最后裁决书 final award 案件受理费 court acceptance fee 案情陈述书 statement of case 案由 cause of action 案值 total value involved in the case 办案人员 personnel handling a case 辩护律师 defense attorney/lawyer 辩护证据 exculpatory evidence;Defense evidence 辩论阶段 stage of court debate 补充答辩 supplementary answer 不公开审理 trial in camera 不可抗力 force majeure 不立案决定书 written decision of no case-filing 财产保全申请书 application for attachment;Application for property preservation 撤销立案 revoke a case placed on file 答辩陈述书 statement of defense 打黑 crack down on evil forces 打假 crack down on counterfeit goods 大要案 major and serious criminal cases 倒票 speculative reselling of tickets 道德责任 moral obligation 地区管辖 territorial jurisdiction 调查笔录 record of investigation 定期宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date 定罪证据 incriminating evidence 二审案件 case of trial of second instance 罚款 impose a fine 法定证据 statutory legal evidence 法律文书 legal instruments/papers 法律援助 legal aid 法庭调查 court investigation 法庭审理笔录 court record 法院公告 court announcement 高级检察官 senior procurator 高级人民法院 higher people’s court

第四篇：CATTI二级笔译考后感想

yhtop同学刚刚通过2010年上半年的CATTI(全国翻译资格证书考试)二级笔译考试，正觊觎参加下半年二级笔译的某蕉于是做了个小小的访谈。废话不说，上内容——

1.二级笔译 VS.高级口译

XX：话说，考CATTI之前有考过中高口之类的吗?

yhtop：考过,上海高口,笔试过了,口试挂了

XX：那么，二级是不是比高口要难，而且更加专业?

yhtop：这个...不好比...综合能力我觉得都差不多，但是据说CATTI通过率更低一些，好像翻译专业的研究生必须要通过这个才能毕业，所以也可以CATTI含金量更高?我个人的看法，哈哈。

XX：综合能力其实是不是就看自己的英语水平扎不扎实?

yhtop：恩，大概吧，题量还是蛮大的，5篇文章，貌似。词汇量猜螅惺焙蛞不嵊幸恍┍冉掀挠锓ǖ憧嫉剑还橇奖咎饧锩娑加猩婕埃Ω梦侍獠淮蟆?BR> XX： 嗯哪嗯哪，是这样滴~有打算继续考二级口译不?

yhtop：有吧,明年五月二口,如果时间合适的话。

(CATTI二级考试分为笔译综合能力和笔译实务两部分，综合能力的题型主要是判断、填空、篇章理解、听力综述，实务部分包括汉译英和英译汉，每部分都是一篇必译篇章和两篇选译篇章)

2.考试必备工具——英汉大词典!

(yhtop同学在论坛帖中提及，考试的时候带了一本陆谷孙先生主编的《英汉大词典》，英译中的时候帮了大忙。二级笔译的考试是允许带词典的哦，但是电子词典恐怕就不行了。陆谷孙先生这本《英汉大词典》非常权威，是做翻译的必备工具书，但是又厚又重，某蕉曾经在书店看到，于是迅速打消了要买一本的念头……)

XX：那本传中的英汉大词典~是不是因为词条解释很详细，所以帮助很大?

yhtop：这是之一，还有就是词条收录比较全，各种诡异的国家地名都有。比方我第一次考的时候，朗伊尔城，这个我小辞典就没查到，但是是个记分点。

XX：居然考这么诡异的地名……果然够专业~~那一本厚厚的字典，随身带累不累啊?

yhtop：我第一次考试就是因为这个，结果没买....58分.....所以第二次狠心扛了这本大的，嘿嘿....XX：真的要用扛的啊~~

yhtop：过了不是更爽....双肩包背背也无所谓啦...我前面那个女孩子，还拉了个旅行箱呢...结果也是拖了这本大辞典，我俩当时就相视一笑...XX：那么汉译英的话，有没有人会同时带一本汉英大辞典~

yhtop：也有，看你自己。

第五篇：译之灵翻译培训：2014年5月CATTI二级笔译真题解析(汉译英)

翻译考试：2014年5月CATTI二级笔译真题解析（汉译英）

汉译英第一篇原文：

上海合作组织成立12年来，成员国结成紧密的命运共同体和利益共同体。面对复杂的国际和地区形势，维护地区安全稳定和促进成员国共同发展，过去、现在乃至将来相当长时期内都是上海合作组织的首要任务和目标。

安全上，成员国要继续坚定支持彼此维护国家安全和社会稳定的努力，加大打击“三股势力”和毒品犯罪力度。值得注意的是，当前，地区恐怖主义和毒品犯罪相互勾结的现象愈演愈烈，反恐和禁毒成为需要双管齐下的系统工程。中方认为有必要赋予上海合作组织地区反恐怖机构禁毒职能，加强其综合打击“毒恐勾结”的能力。

经济上，成员国要大力推动务实合作。我们维护地区安全稳定的最终目的是实现共同发展繁荣。各方有必要加快实施交通、能源、通信、农业等优势领域合作项目，加紧研究建立上海合作组织开发银行，以解决项目融资难题和应对国际金融风险。

点评：

这是2013年9月4日《人民日报》刊发的关于习近平主席接受土、俄、哈、乌、吉五国媒体联合采访的报道，该篇翻译节选了这一采访的一小节。与三级笔译实务的命题内容相比，该篇的翻译难度显然要大一些，因为原文中出现的一些语汇可能会对考生形成一定的障碍。例如：“三股势力”，“毒恐勾结”等。从译文的句子结构的选择而言，二级笔译对考生的要求注定会比三级考生更加严格苛刻。根据我们以往的阅卷经验，二级笔译实务的阅卷对于考生所使用的句法修辞手段有所要求。因此，如果说在三级笔译考试中，一个汉语的句子被译成英文，句子的语法结构没有太大的问题，词汇搭配基本得体即可，而在二级笔译考试中，这个要求显然是不够的，它还要求考生根据原文的语气的强调以及英语中的表达习惯来适当地调整句子结构，使译文更加吻合原文的色彩以及使句子的前后词序显得更加平衡。下面让我们共同关注一下第一篇汉译英语段中的重点语句的翻译。

第一段第一句：“上海合作组织成立12年来，成员国结成紧密的命运共同体和利益共同体。”

解析：此句的第一个意群“上海合作组织成立12年来”是一个时间状语成分，我们可以将其译成一个时间状语短语，如：In the past 12 years since the founding of the SCO，member states have forged a close community of common destinies and shared interests.按照二级笔译的修辞要求，如果考生能将这个时间状语转换成一个名词短语作主语成分，译文的质量将会提高很多，如：The past 12 years since the founding of the SCO，然后我们在谓语动词的位置上使用“see，witness，mark 或 signify，而后把原文中的主句部分转换成一个较长的名词短语作宾语，这个句子的译文就会大大增色。The past 12 years since the founding of the SCO has marked a close community of common destinies and shared interests.第一段第二句：“面对复杂的国际和地区形势，维护地区安全稳定和促进成员国共同发展，过去、现在乃至将来相当长时期内都是上海合作组织的首要任务和目标。”

解析：该句的主句部分有这样的一个时间表达式“过去，现在乃至将来相当长的时期内”，如果我们将其译成相关的时间状语短语，如，in the past，at present and in the future，译文会显得相当笨拙。在此，我们应充分利用汉英语中的不同特点来应对此句，汉语中的谓语动词是没有时态变化的，而英语中谓语动词的时态变化非常丰富。因此，我们可以把汉语中的时间状语转换成英语中的动词谓语来体现：In the face of complex regional and international situation，maintaining regional security and stability and promoting common development of member states was，is and will still be SCO's top priority and objective for quite a long time to come.这样处理的方法是精简了句子成分，又充分体现了英语动词时态的特色。

第二段第一句：“安全上，成员国要继续坚定支持彼此维护国家安全和社会稳定的努力，加大打击“三股势力”和毒品犯罪力度。”

解析：在汉译英过程中，我们经常会遇到汉语中以数字加名称短语的“缩略语”，如：三个代表，三农，三通，八荣八耻，三好学生等，在翻译之前，我们首先要弄清这些短语分别代表了什么具体内容，然后再从英语中寻找相关含义的词汇去对应。在我们二级笔译实务的培训中，我们曾详细地给学生们介绍了应对策略：以“三农”为例，当我们了解了其实际内涵后，我们就可以将其译为 the three issues—agriculture，countryside and farmers，也就是说，先用一个名词对其加以概括，然后再逐一对应相关的名词短语。当然，如果我们能想到相同的首字母对应的单词，那就更好了。如：the three Fs—farming，farm and farmers。然而，在翻译考试中，如果考生无法确定待译短语的确切含义，那么，我们完全可以采取一种变通的方式来应对：定冠词+数字+待译短语的核心词+related +issues，例如：the three agriculture-related issues。在第二段第一句中的“三股势力”指的是恐怖主义（terrorism），分裂主义（separatism）和极端主义（extremism），我们可以译为：the three forces—terrorism，separatism and extremism。如果在考试中我们无法把握该短语的内涵，我们也可以将其简化为：the three security-threatening forces，因为本段的主题内容就是谈论“安全问题”，这种理解和应对的策略是完全适当的，而且也完全符合英语的构词规律。全句译为：In terms of security，member states need to continue to firmly support each other’s endeavor to safeguard national security and social stability and intensify efforts to combat the three forces—terrorism，separatism and extremism(the three security-threatening forces)and drug-related crimes.第二段的第二句：“值得注意的是，当前，地区恐怖主义和毒品犯罪相互勾结的现象愈演愈烈，反恐和禁毒成为需要双管齐下的系统工程。”

解析：该句中“值得注意的是”可以被处理成一个名词从句作主语，也可以将其处理为一个形式主语的被动结构，如：What merits caution/What deserves our attention或者It must be noted that„/It must be cautioned that„，然后再接一个表语从句或一个名词从句作真正的主语。请看下面的2个译文：

Version I.What merits caution is that there is a growing tendency of terrorists and drug criminals colluding with each other in the region.Therefore，counter-terrorism and anti-narcotic efforts should be integrated with a two-pronged approach.Version II.It must be noted/cautioned that there is a growing tendency of terrorists and drug criminals conspiring /conniving with each other in the region.Therefore，counter-terrorism and anti-narcotic efforts must be integrated with each other as a systematic program.原文中的“地区恐怖主义和毒品犯罪相互勾结的现象愈演愈烈”，不要把“恐怖主义”和“毒品犯罪”译成抽象名词，因为只有“恐怖主义分子”和“毒品罪犯”才能相互勾结，因此，要将这两个名词具体化。此外，我们在翻译课上，反复强调：汉语中特别习惯于用“现象”二字，但英语中对该词的使用频率并不高，一般情况下，英语中更倾向于使用更具体的名词，如：case，situation，instance，tendency等，当然，具体用哪一个词还要看上下文的语境来确定。在此，我们使用“tendency”似乎更恰当些。

第二段第三句：“中方认为有必要赋予上海合作组织地区反恐怖机构禁毒职能，加强其

综合打击“毒恐勾结”的能力。”

解析：该句基本上没有什么难度，句子结构也不复杂，只需考生注意 “赋予„的职能”，可以用give或delegate与function组合；“加强„的能力”在英语中的固定搭配即可。strengthen /enhance +ability，如果考生使用consolidate或deepen与ability搭配就属于用处不当了。因此，这句可以译为：

China believes that there is a need to delegate the function of anti-narcotics to the SCO Regional Counter-Terrorism Structure in order to enhance its overall ability to fight both terrorism and drug trafficking.第三段第一句：“经济上，成员国要大力推动务实合作。”

解析：该句可译成主动语态，也可译成被动结构。如：Economically，member states need to vigorously promote pragmatic cooperation.或 In terms of economy，great efforts must be made by member states to promote pragmatic cooperation.第三段第二句：“我们维护地区安全稳定的最终目的是实现共同发展繁荣。”

解析：该句中的“最终目的”这个短语在英语中可译为形容词+名词，也可在句子中转换成谓语动词使用。正如我们在二级笔译课上所强调的词性转换是翻译的一大要点。从汉译英的翻译实践而言，经常使用的名词转动词有：目标，目的，作用，功能，标志，特点，特征等。因此，该句可以译成以下两个版本：1.The ultimate purpose of maintaining regional security and stability is to achieve common development and prosperity.2.Regional security and stability is ultimately targeted at achieving common development and prosperity.第三段第三句：“各方有必要加快实施交通、能源、通信、农业等优势领域合作项目，加紧研究建立上海合作组织开发银行，以解决项目融资难题和应对国际金融风险。”

解析：该句中的动词：加快„，加紧„都是我们在二级笔译培训中反复强调的同近义词的积累，我们给学生提供了如下语汇：speed up，accelerate，step up，expedite，greatly facilitate等。我们之所以要给学生储备许多相关的同近义词，主要是针对汉译英中频繁出现的时政文章及我国领导人的讲话稿的翻译。在这类文章中，甚至在同一个语段中，会出现多次动词的重复使用。但英语的行文习惯并不像汉语，连续使用相同的词汇并非英语书面表达的特点，它需要将词汇不断地变化。因此，这也是二级笔译的难度所在。由此，该句可译为：Parties need to accelerate the implementation of cooperation projects in such advantageous areas as transport，energy，communications and agriculture，and expedite studies on setting up an SCO development bank to resolve project financing difficulties and address international financial risks.第一篇汉译英全文译文：

In the past 12 years since the founding of the SCO，member states have forged a close community of common destinies and shared interests.In the face of complex regional and international situation，maintaining regional security and stability and promoting common development of member states has been，is and will continue to be SCO's top priority and objective for quite a long time to come.On security，member states need to continue to firmly support each other's endeavor to safeguard national security and social stability and intensify efforts to combat terrorism，separatism and extremism and drug-related crimes.What merits caution is that there is a growing tendency of terrorists and drug criminals colluding with each other in the region.Therefore，counter-terrorism and anti-narcotic efforts should be integrated with a two-pronged approach.China believes that there is a need to give the SCO Regional Counter-Terrorism Structure the

function of anti-narcotics to enhance its overall ability to fight both terrorism and drug trafficking.On economy，member states need to vigorously promote pragmatic cooperation.The ultimate purpose of maintaining regional security and stability is to achieve common development and prosperity.Parties need to accelerate the implementation of cooperation projects in such advantageous areas as transport，energy，communications and agriculture，and expedite studies on setting up an SCO development bank to resolve project financing difficulties and address international financial risks.汉译英第二篇原文：

改革开放以来，中国金融业伴随现代化建设而快速成长，但实现持续发展依然任重道远。目前，中国金融业资产已超过１５０万亿元人民币，外汇储备达３．４万亿美元，盘活金融资产、激活金融市场潜力很大。下一步，我们将坚定不移推进金融市场化改革，健全现代金融体系，加快发展多层次资本市场，稳步推进利率市场化、汇率市场化的改革。同时，深化境外战略投资者与中资银行的合作，稳步推进股票、债券、保险市场对外开放，促进人民币跨境使用，逐步实现人民币资本项目可兑换，拓展金融业对外开放的广度和深度。以开放促改革发展、促转型创新，实现中国经济持续健康发展，也会给世界经济增长及金融业发展提供机遇。

点评：

我们在二级笔译实务课上特别告诫学生：要想做好汉译英，就一定要把握好四门功课，也可以说要把握好“4C”，即，Connotation，Collocation，Context and Culture。Connotation指的是“内涵”，汉语表达的很多意思在英语中没有完全对应的说法，因此，在动笔之前，考生一定要先将汉语的句子内涵弄清楚，然后再根据其意到英语中找最为接近的词语，以提高表达的精确度。Collocation指的是汉语中的词语搭配与英语中的词语搭配的差异。我们在二级笔译实务课上要求考生掌握的并非那些简单的词汇搭配用法，例如，一个动词后搭配什么介词或副词，一个形容词后搭配什么介词等，这些都是英语学习过程中学生理应积累的东西，而我们要求考生积累的则是更高要求的词汇搭配，这类词汇搭配的积累能从根本上最终帮助考生消除汉化英语的痕迹。因此，我们从开课的第一天就向学生介绍了美国出版的The Word Finder这本词典。让我们来看一个例子：英语中的形容词“感兴趣的”，在学生积累这个单词的搭配时，基本上都是记住该词后面的介词搭配be interested in sth./sb.，然而，这只是最基本的搭配。我们要求的更高层次的词汇搭配是：在英语中哪些副词可以修饰interested这个形容词，而这才是我们在翻译中经常遇到的搭配。通过查阅The Word Finder这本词典，我们得知：deeply，keenly，intensely，profoundly，curiously可以修饰interested，而如果考生使用strongly以表达“浓厚地”词义来与interested搭配，那就注定会犯汉化英语的错误。Context指的是在翻译过程中要充分考虑语句的上下文语境该使用什么样的连词使语句表达得更加顺畅自如。汉语的表达中连词的使用频率较低，但英语行文中连词的使用频率非常高。因此，我们在理解汉语原文的意思时，还要更加细致地考虑汉语句子的字里行间的逻辑关系及语气，从而在译文中添加适当的连词。由于这个问题涉及到整个语篇的连接方法，在此暂不赘述。Culture 在翻译中也是我们所要考虑的一个重要环节。中国与英语国家的文化存在着较大的差异，在翻译过程中如果遇到一些特别是以动物或颜色的名称作为比喻的时候，我们必须注意这些文化方面的差异，要及时地，适当地调整表达方式，以求译入语的读者能够很好地理解原文所要表达的意思。如：汉语中 “亚洲四小龙”，如果译成The Four

Little Dragons of Asia，英语读者就会感到一头雾水，因为在英语中dragon一词只有“邪恶”，“魔鬼”等含义，而没有褒义的内涵，因此，我们要本着入乡随俗的态度将该短语译为：The Four Little Tigers of Asia。再比如，汉语中“青山绿水”，译成英文：bluemountains and green water，就是汉化的英语，英语国家的人习惯以green mountains and blue water来表达该含义。

下面让我们看看此次考试中的第二篇汉译英。此篇语段节选自2013年5月25日李克强在瑞士经济金融界人士午餐会上的演讲稿。

第一句：“改革开放以来，中国金融业伴随现代化建设而快速成长，但实现持续发展依然任重道远。”

解析：该句可以将“改革开放以来”处理成译文中的名词主语，将主句译为该句的宾语：The reform and opening-up has witnessed rapid growth of China’s financial sector together with the modernization of the country.However，it still remains a long and arduous task for China to sustain this momentum of growth.虽然汉语是一个完整的语句，但我们注意到，汉语中的前后两个意群的主语并不一致，而且还有转折的关联词。因此，我们可以将其拆分成两个单句来译。

第二句：“目前，中国金融业资产已超过１５０万亿元人民币，外汇储备达３．４万亿美元，盘活金融资产、激活金融市场潜力很大。”

解析：该句同样应该拆分成两个句子，因为前半句讲的是中国金融业的货币量，而后半句讲的是金融市场的潜力。在该句的翻译中，我们要注意货币单位名称的表达方式及其位置：Currently，China’s financial sector has a total asset of over RMB 150 trillion and a foreign exchange reserve of US$ 3.4 trillion.There is a huge potential for revitalizing/liquidizing/ China’s financial assets and reinvigorating the financial market.第三句： “下一步，我们将坚定不移推进金融市场化改革，健全现代金融体系，加快发展多层次资本市场，稳步推进利率市场化、汇率市场化的改革。”

解析：该句是由四个意群连接的一个并列句，只要把握好词语的选择就可以。

Going forward，we will unswervingly advance market reform of the financial sector，build a sound modern financial system，accelerate the development of a multi-tiered capital market，and steadily step up the reform in the marketization of interest rate and exchange rate.第四句：“同时，深化境外战略投资者与中资银行的合作，稳步推进股票、债券、保险市场对外开放，促进人民币跨境使用，逐步实现人民币资本项目可兑换，拓展金融业对外开放的广度和深度。”

解析：在这句话中，“广度”，“深度”等词语的翻译要提醒考生注意，汉语中常使用比较抽象的名词，在翻译界，我们常将类似的抽象名词短语戏称为“性感度”。“性”：如，特殊性，重要性，必要性，“感”：如，使命感，责任感，成就感，“度”：如，高度，广度，深度等。在译成英语时，切忌将这些汉语的词语一股脑地译成抽象名词，可以考虑将这些词语转换成相关的形容词或动词，以求译文表达的地道。如果译成expand the breadth and depth of opening-up in the financial sector，这就是典型的汉化英语，我们可以调整词性为两个动词：broaden and deepen

In the meantime，we will deepen cooperation between Chinese banks and their foreign strategic investors，open the stock，bond and insurance markets in an orderly way，promote the cross-border use of the RMB and，gradually achieve the RMB’s convertibility under the capital account and broaden and deepen the opening-up in the financial sector.第五句：“以开放促改革发展、促转型创新，实现中国经济持续健康发展，也会给世界经济增长及金融业发展提供机遇。”

解析：我们要注意该句的前半部分应该处理成主句，后半部分应该处理为目的状语。We will promote reform，development，economic transformation and innovation in the course of opening-up to achieve the sustainable and healthy growth of the Chinese economy and to create opportunities for the economic growth and development of the financial industry of the world.第二篇汉译英全文译文：

The reform and opening-up has witnessed rapid growth of China’s financial sector together with the modernization of the country.However，it still remains a long and arduous task for China to sustain this momentum of growth.Currently，China’s financial sector has a total asset of over RMB 150 trillion and a foreign exchange reserve of US$3.4 trillion.There is a huge potential for revitalizing/liquidizing/ China’s financial assets and reinvigorating the financial market.Going forward，we will unswervingly advance market reform of the financial sector，build a sound modern financial system，accelerate the development of a multi-tiered capital market，and steadily step up the reform in the marketization of interest rate and exchange rate.In the meantime，we will deepen cooperation between Chinese banks and their foreign strategic investors，open the stock，bond and insurance markets in an orderly way，promote the cross-border use of the RMB and，gradually achieve the RMB’s convertibility under the capital account and broaden and deepen the opening-up in the financial sector.We will promote reform，development，economic transformation and innovation in the course of opening-up to achieve the sustainable and healthy growth of the Chinese economy and to create opportunities for the economic growth and development of the financial industry of the world.笔译培训