第一篇:圣诞节英语演讲稿
the word“chrismas” is derived from the word “christ mass” the celebration of the birth of jesus christ.now we are gonging to talk about some traditional customs in the western countries.people usually place a christmas tree,wich is decorated with colorful lights sweets and gifts,in their living rooms at christmas.in northern europe,the trees that remained green throughout the year were worshipped as symbols of eternal life.it is said that mistletoe,hung up as a christmas decoration,allow you to kiwhoever you like underneath it.a tele tells that balder the sun god,was killed by an arrow of mistletoe made by the god of evil ,loki.balder,however,was bought back to life,and the mistletoe was told never to harmbalder again.perhaps for this reason the mistletoe become a symbol of love and reconciliation.good evening , ladies and gentlemen.i am joy and glad to give you a speech about stre, yes , just the topic you see on the screen.psychologist tell us that streis a state of worry caused by the problem of living , such as too much work or study , heavy responsibilities , and quickened pace of life.statistics show that strecomes from every detail in our life.financial problems , poor health , being laid off may be the strethat most adults now suffering.as students in the university , we are also under our special stre.while study , having to take various tests and submit a project against a deadline may put a great pressure on us.and the things make us felt stressed may be our parents’s greater expectations on us than we could reach.later , when we are likely to graduate , some other problems will also annoy us.i think we will worry a lot about our ability to compete in the job market and how we can best use what we’ve learned at college in our future job.the chief problem we should face to is our atitude towards stre.people usually say they can not live in the sun except they escape from stre.it’s unwelcome!yes , however , very necessary.just image a world where stredoes not exist and people lead their life in a very comfortable way.but is this kind of living condition as perfect as we hope ? without stre, they may feel very satisfied with the current life but lack of power to discover new things.too much satisfaction result in nothing except a countermarch of the society.no stre, no development.so a certain amount of streis good.it can stimulate us and increase our level of alertne.and our answer to streis another vital problem.how to do with ourselves when stresuddenly break into our life ? to wave the white flag and admit our unability , to give up to our ideality , or worstly , just to suicide as to put an end to everything … of cause not.the principle is to tackle with stregentlely and harmoniously.we should try our best to release ourselves.such as to do some exercise , to linsen to traditional chinese music or classical music to ease our minds and to learn to view these changes of life as challenges.it’s no use crying over spilt milk.only to accept what has happened can solve the problem.
第二篇:圣诞节英语演讲稿[范文模版]
圣诞节英语演讲稿
演讲稿具有观点鲜明,内容具有鼓动性的特点。在日常生活和工作中,我们使用上演讲稿的情况与日俱增,那么,怎么去写演讲稿呢?以下是小编整理的'圣诞节英语演讲稿,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
圣诞节英语演讲稿1Christmas day
Christmas day is on December 25, people around the world celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ.Some people celebrate by giving gifts.Children may be thanking Santa Claus for new toys.They may also be going to church with their families.All the people always decorate a Christmas tree and sing and dance at home on Christmas day.In the west, if there is one holiday that is almost universal.It’s Christmas.Christmas for westerners is like spring festival for Chinese.It is a big day that all the family members will sit together and have a nice meal.Some people are going to celebrate it in one of their friends' family.There is a traditional Christmas game called “secrets anta ”which is good to families and friends.Everyone needs to buy a gift, write his or her name on a small card and put all the cards in a box, take out a card one by one and give his or her gift to the person whose name is on the card, give him or her a big hug and say merry Christmas, have fun!
In this day, children are the happiest.On the twenty-fourth of December, all children are very excited.Usually they are sent to bed early so that their parents can get the presents ready.The younger children think that Father Christmas will come down the chimney or fireplace, so they hang up a sock for him to put presents in.the greedy ones even hang up a pillow-case or a sack to try to get more presents.Later that night, father or mother will put presents in the sock, and leave others at the side of the bed.On Christmas morning, the children wake up very early.Some even turn on the light at two o’clock and most of them are awake by six o'clock although it is not light in England for another hour or two at this time of the year.joozone.com
In china, On Christmas Eve in Beijing, more than 15-hundred people packed into the 407-year old Church of the Immaculate Conception in Beijing to celebrate midnight mass-while many more stood outside watching services on two big TV monitors.It is not exaggerated to say that Christmas has become a popular festival in China.However, some people argue that Christmas is overshadowing traditional festivals like the Spring Festival and it signals the destructive process of westernization among the Chinese and thus it should be condemned.However, I take a more optimistic stand on this phenomenon as it signifies China's opening up to the world and its preparation for appreciate other cultures.Moreover, we have our distinctive way of celebrating Christmas.Instead of going to the church like the Americans, we regard Christmas as an opportune time to shop and to enjoy ourselves, as many shopping centers offer discounts to attract customers in Christmas season.As such, our values are not deeply altered by our celebration of Christmas.Today is Christmas Eve;it’s time for me to say “Happy Christmas”.That’s all.Thank you.
圣诞节英语演讲稿2Christmas Day,the 25th of December,is the biggest festival(节日)celebrated in the Christian countries of the world.Although everyone enjoys Christmas Day,it is particularly enjoyed by children,who get very excited because of the presents they know they are going to receive.Small children believe that their presents are brought by Father Christmas(圣诞老人).Father Christmas is a kind of old man who,the children are told,lives at the North Pole.He travels through the sky on a sleigh(雪撬)which is pulled by reindeers(驯鹿)and loaded with(装满)presents.Stopping on the roof of houses,he enters by climbing the chimney(烟囱).When small children go to bed on Christmas Eve,they hang a stocking at the end of their beds.Their parents warn them not to try to look at Father Christmas,or he will not leave them anything.When they wake,they find their stockings filled with presents.Children are very excited on Christmas morning and always wake up early.Christmas is also a family celebration.As any members of the family as possible gather to eat,play party games and watch the special Christmas programmes on TV
第三篇:圣诞节英语演讲稿
圣诞节英语演讲稿
The word“Chrismas” is derived from the word “Christ Mass” the celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ.Now we are gonging to talk about some traditional customs in the western countries.people usually place a Christmas tree,wich is decorated with colorful lights sweets and gifts,in their living rooms at Christmas.In Northern Europe,the trees that remained green throughout the year were worshipped as symbols of eternal life.It is said that Mistletoe,hung up as a Christmas decoration,allow you to kiwhoever you like underneath it.A tele tells that Balder the sun god,was killed by an arrow of mistletoe made by the god of evil ,Loki.Balder,however,was bought back to life,and the mistletoe was told never to harmBalder again.perhaps for this reason the mistletoe become a symbol of love and reconciliation.Good evening , ladies and gentlemen.I am Joy and glad to give you a speech about stre, yes , just the topic you see on the screen.psychologist tell us that streis a state of worry caused by the problem of living , such as too much work or study , heavy responsibilities , and quickened pace of life.Statistics show that strecomes from every detail in our life.Financial problems , poor health , being laid off may be the strethat most adults now suffering.As students in the university , we are also under our special stre.While study , having to take various tests and submit a project against a deadline may put a great pressure on us.And the things make us felt stressed may be our parents’s greater expectations on us than we could reach.Later , when we are likely to graduate , some other problems will also annoy us.I think we will worry a lot about our ability to compete in the job market and how we can best use what we’ve learned at college in our future job.The chief problem we should face to is our atitude towards stre.people usually say they can not live in the sun except they escape from stre.It’s unwelcome!Yes , however , very necessary.Just image a world where stredoes not exist and people lead their life in a very comfortable way.But is this kind of living condition as perfect as we hope ? Without stre, they may feel very satisfied with the current life but lack of power to discover new things.Too much satisfaction result in nothing except a countermarch of the society.No stre, no development.So a certain amount of streis good.It can stimulate us and increase our level of alertne.And our answer to streis another vital problem.How to do with ourselves when stresuddenly break into our life ? To wave the white flag and admit our unability , to give up to our ideality , or worstly , just to suicide as to put an end to everything … Of cause not.The principle is to tackle with stregentlely and harmoniously.We should try our best to release ourselves.Such as to do some exercise , to linsen to traditional Chinese music or classical music to ease our minds and to learn to view these changes of life as challenges.It’s no use crying over spilt milk.Only to accept what has happened can solve the problem.
第四篇:圣诞节英语演讲稿
英语演讲《圣诞节》
艺设123班 路丹 1??.简介()2??.材料准备()3??.ppt演示()4??.演讲稿()5??.补充()6??.课后总结()一.简介
1.成员﹕ 马碧茹 柳燕 路丹 2.题材选择﹕由于现在是十二月中旬快接近圣诞节了,所以想到以圣诞节为题材,可以让我们大家来更多的了解一下我们钟爱的圣诞节,给即将到来的圣诞节预热.3.分工﹕
材料准备﹕大家共同完成演讲﹕马碧茹 ppt制作﹕柳燕 word制作﹕路丹
二.材料准备
有关圣诞节的起源﹕(1)the origin of christmas﹕ december 25th christmas is the celebration of the birth of jesus christ, the founder of the christian religion according to the bible, the holy book of christians, god decided to allow his only son, jesus christ, to be born to a human mother and live on earth so that people could understand god better and learn to love god and each other more.christmas-meaning celebration of christ-honors the time when jesus was born to a young jewish woman mary.(圣诞起源:12月25日的圣诞节是庆祝基督教创始人耶稣基督生日的日子。据基督教徒的圣书《圣经》说,上帝决定让他的独生子耶稣基督投生人间,找个母亲,然后就在人间生活,以便人们能更好地了解上帝、学习热爱上帝和更好地相互热爱。“圣诞节”的意思是“庆祝基督”,庆祝一个年轻的犹太妇女玛丽娅生下耶稣的时刻。)from december 24th in next january 6 for christmas feast.during the festival, christmas was held the ceremony.christmas is originally christian festivals, because people attention, it became a national holiday, given the biggest festival in a year, and the new year in western china, the likelihood is the spring festival.每年的12月25日,是基督教徒纪念耶稣诞生的日子,称为圣诞节。
从12月24日于翌年1月6日为圣诞节节期。节日期间,各国基督教徒都举行隆重的纪念仪式。圣诞节本来是基督教徒的节日,由于人们格外重视,它便成为一个全民性的节日,国家一年中最盛大的节日,可以和新年相提并论,类 是西方似我国过春节。
(3)christmas the name is the word of christ.mass a mass is a form of worship.christmas is a religious festival.we take it as the birthday of jesus, and to celebrate christmas.this day, all over the world in christian churches all special worship.but there are many christmas festivities and religious and has no relevance.exchanging gifts and sending christmas cards, the christmas day celebrate christmas.“圣诞节”这个名称是“基督弥撒”的缩字。弥撒是教会的一种礼拜仪式。圣诞节是一个宗教节。我们把它当作耶稣的诞辰来庆祝,因而又名圣诞节。这一天,全世界所有的基督教会都举行特别的礼拜仪式。但是有很多圣诞节的欢庆活动和宗教并无半点关联。交换礼物,寄圣诞卡,这都使圣诞节成为一个普天同庆的日子。有关圣诞节的发展(十九世紀,圣诞卡的流行、圣诞老人的出现,圣诞节也开始流行起來了。)(2)there are special christmas services in christian churches all over the world.(这一天,世界所有的基督教教会都举行特别的礼拜仪式。)(3)however, christmas day actually whether date of the jesus birthday e exchange gift, sent the christmas card, ate the turkey western-style food, was a regarding the modern people did say already not that was important, it liked our spring festival to be same, everybody a hall, the exchange gift, sent the christmas card, ate the turkey western-style food, was a worldwide celebration day!(然而,圣诞节究竟是否耶稣诞辰之日对于现代人来说已经不那么重要,它就像我们的春节一样,大家相聚一堂,交换礼物,寄圣诞卡,吃火鸡大餐,是一个普天同庆的日子!)(4)the late medieval, basically is a popular christmas, a holiday.in scotland and england early or late seventeenth century christmas in 16, banned.in new york in early nineteenth century to begin our modern version of christmas 中世纪晚期,圣诞节基本上还是一大众的,乱哄哄的节日。在苏格兰和英格兰圣诞节先后在16,17世纪被禁。19世纪早期在纽约开始我们现代版的圣诞节
(5)the ear the christmas tree is not the anglo-american creation, from germany to spread.圣诞树不是英美人的创造,是从德国传播来的。
有关圣诞符号﹕
(1)the symbols of christmas:christmas trees,篇二:圣诞节英文ppt演讲稿 hello,everyone.my name is zhou lin.today my topic is about christmas.i wish you will love it.now,lets start.播放ppt和音乐。fisrt,i think we should know when is christmas day.yeah,its december twenty-fifth.in the western, each family need to prepare a christmas tree to enhance the festive atmosphere.christmas tree is generally made with evergreen such as cypress it is a symbol of life forever.christmas tree often decorated with a variety of candles, flowers, toys, stars and all kinds of christmas gifts.on christmas eve, people around the christmas tree are singing and dancing.although everyone enjoys christmas day,it is particularly enjoyed by children,who get very excited because of the presents.it is said that there was a kind old man whose name was saint nicholas.he often helped the poor and gave presents to them.today, santa claus is an imaginary figure, but nearly all children believe in him.they think he is a happy old man with a long white beard and a long red robe.another name for santa claus is father christmas.people always wake up early.in the christmas morning some people may go to a christmas morning church service.but most people will just watch the special christmas programmes tv or play party games but the mothers will be in the kitchen preparing christmas dinner.everyone enjoy it,because christmas dinner is the main meal of the day, some families arrange it at lunch, and some families arrange it at dinner.major food for the christmas meal is turkey or roast goose, puddings and a variety of cookies such as the golden butter cookies, fruit cookies and so on.the custom of eating turkey is popular in the unite states from 1620 and british christmas dinner is roast goose.and now,we know how to celebrate the christmas day in the western.at last,i hope everyone have a good time in the christmas of this year.and this presentation can give you some information that you need.thank you for your attention.篇三:圣诞节演讲稿
today lets discuss the five topics the origin of the christmas圣诞节的由来 christmas eve平安夜
santa‘s origin圣诞老人的由来 the origin of the christmas tree圣诞树的由来 christmas customs of different countries不同国家的圣诞节习俗 first,let we see the origin of the christmas 圣诞节是为了纪念耶稣的诞生而立的节日,耶稣就是在12月25日出生,所以每年的12月25日被定为圣诞节已成为惯例。on the day before christmas is christmas eve, what is originated from? 圣诞节前夕也就是俗说的平安夜,当晚,全家人会团聚在客厅中,围绕在圣诞树旁唱圣诞歌曲,互相交换礼物,彼此分享一年来生活中的喜怒哀乐,表达内心的祝福及爱。在这天晚上都会看到一群可爱的小男生或小女生,弹着吉他,一家一家的唱着诗歌报佳音。say to the christmas eve , its necessary to mention santa claus 说到平安夜,必然要提到圣诞老人。
从前有一个老人,名叫尼古拉斯,他一生最爱帮助贫穷的人家。其中有一次他帮助三个贫穷的少后送他们三袋金子以逃过被卖的不幸。当尼古拉斯偷偷把其中一袋金子送给其中一名女子时,他把金子从其中一个窗户扔进去,恰好掉进景在壁上的一长袜中。于是,人们为了纪念他,就将礼物以放在圣诞袜子的送礼方法家挨户地去要糖果。
后来就演变成了一个美丽的传说,即在平安夜的晚上,圣诞节老公公会驾着驯鹿雪橇满载着礼物准备送点这一年来表现很好的小朋友,他会悄悄地从烟囱爬进屋内,礼物塞在挂在床头的袜子里。所以孩子总会把一条条色彩缤纷的袜子挂在床头,并在袜子旁边放杯热牛奶给劳苦功高的圣诞老人解渴,并送份大礼给自己。the origin of the christmas tree the last ,let we see christmas customs of different countries......so much for this, finally i wish you a merry christmas......篇四:圣诞节英语演讲稿
大家好,我为大家介绍的是圣诞节。
关于圣诞节
“基督弥撒”的翻译。弥撒是教会的一种礼拜仪式。每年12月25日,基督徒庆祝耶稣基督诞生的庆祝日,在圣诞节,大部分的天主教会首先将在12月24日平安夜,也就是说,日期,12月25日,在午夜弥撒,和一些基督教教堂将举行好的消息,然后在12月25日庆祝圣诞节,和另一个大的分支,东正教圣诞节庆祝活动在每年的1月7日。因为把它当作耶稣的生日庆祝,所以也被称为圣诞节。在这一天,世界所有的基督教会都举行特别的礼拜仪式。圣诞节也是一个公共假期和许多其他领域在西方世界。这个节日的起源 太阳神的诞生 12月25日是在274年罗马皇帝好指定的庆祝罗马帝国官方庆祝叙利亚太阳神和伊朗太阳神密特拉节死娜塔莉的太阳神(意思是“不可战胜的太阳”的生日),节日后一直持续到禁止基督教被定为国教。叙利亚太阳神崇拜古罗马是第一个国王安东尼努斯(marcus安东尼)到罗马帝国也取代了主神朱庇特,成为一个全国性节日。这一天是为了庆祝太阳的重生或返回,因为那一天是最短的一天的日期,表示在中国的概念是指罗马日历的冬季节日。
节日习俗
西方人以红、绿、白三色为圣诞色,圣诞节每个家庭装饰着圣诞节的颜色。红色的有圣诞花和圣诞蜡烛。绿色的是圣诞树。它是主要的圣诞装饰品,减少杉木,柏塔的类别是常青树装饰。上方悬挂着五颜六色的彩灯、礼物和纸花,还点燃圣诞蜡烛。圣诞球的红白相映成趣是圣诞老人,他是圣诞节活动中最受欢迎的人物。睡觉前在圣诞前夜,孩子们想要在壁炉前或枕头旁放上一只袜子,等候圣诞老人来填补它的礼物放在袜子。在西方,扮演圣诞老人也是一种习俗。圣诞树
圣诞树是最著名的传统圣诞庆祝活动之一。通常人们之前和之后的圣诞树常绿植物,如松树进入房子或在户外,圣诞灯和色彩的装饰装修。并把一个天使或星星放在树的顶端。圣诞贺卡
圣诞卡在美国和欧洲很流行,也是保持距离的方式亲戚和朋友的关系。许多家庭卡家庭照片或家庭新闻,新闻一般包括家庭成员在过去一年的优势专业,等等。
圣诞袜
之前首先是一对红色的大袜子,大小不拘礼节。因为圣诞袜是要用来装礼物的,所以是孩子们最喜欢的东西,晚上他们将自己的袜子挂在床边,等待第二天早上收到的礼物。
圣诞帽
那是一顶红色帽子,据说晚上戴上睡觉除了睡得好,有点温暖外,第二天你就会发现在这顶帽子太心爱的礼物。在狂欢夜它更是全场的主角,无论你去哪个角落可以看到各式各样的圣诞帽。
圣诞晚餐
随着中国春节吃这顿饭,欧洲人和美国人庆祝圣诞节也注意全家人围坐在圣诞树下,在节日餐。圣诞大餐吃火鸡的习俗始于1620年。这个习俗在美国。英国人的圣诞大餐是烤鹅,而非火鸡。澳大利亚人爱在圣诞节的晚上,全家老小对亲友成群结队地到餐馆去吃圣诞大餐,其中,火鸡、拉鸡、烧牛仔肉和猪腿必不可少,同时伴随着葡萄酒,他们吃得非常开心。
相关的活动 2013年12月,在柏林举行,德国圣诞10公里跑,成千上万的竞争对手装扮成圣诞老人,在最近几年,传统的事件参与者也吸引了很多孩子。
分别为12月25日这一天,教堂的礼拜仪式。天主教和东正教圣诞节”撤出,新教举行圣诞节。有些教会的庆祝活动从午夜开始。圣诞节除了崇拜,但也执行,执行耶稣诞生的故事。作为一个盛大的节日,圣诞节不能品尝美味的食物。圣诞晚会随着圣诞节不可缺少的项目,有一个家庭,光线,情人的各种各样的歌曲。一种友情,亲情,爱情聚会时间。戴着圣诞帽,唱着圣诞歌,谈谈大家的圣诞愿望。
圣诞树
圣诞树最早出现在古罗马12月中旬的神农节,近代圣诞树起源于德国,后来逐步在世界范围内流行起来,成为圣诞节庆祝中最有名的传统之一。通常人们在圣诞前后把一棵常绿植物如松树弄进屋里或者在户外,并用圣诞灯和彩色的装饰物装饰。并把一个天使或星星放在树的顶上。圣诞老人
圣诞老人的传说在数千年前的斯堪的纳维亚半岛。中科智在北欧神话,艺术,诗词,战争的奥丁神,寒冬季节,骑他的马坐骑8英尺飞驰于天涯海角,鼓励人们分发礼物。与此同时,他的儿子托尔与红色闪电武器和神很暗战雪和冰,最后失败。根据传说,异教徒的圣诞老人为奥丁神后裔。从圣·尼古拉斯也是一个传说圣诞老人,所以圣诞老人也叫圣尼古拉斯。因为大多数的这些故事弘扬基督的灵,忘记了大部分的出处,这个故事,圣诞老人,然而,铭刻在精神世界里的。
每年圣诞节,圣诞老人的驯鹿,神圣的孩子拿着圣诞树,随着世界的变化,作家和艺术家开始把圣诞老人描述成我们今天熟悉的颜色,白胡子的形象。不同的国家和文化同时对圣诞老人也有不同的解释。在德国,传说他扮成一个侍者把坚果和苹果放在孩子们鞋。他采取的双轮马车四处漫游,观察人们的行为,尤其是儿童,如果表现好,将会得到苹果、坚果、糖、和许多其他奖品。坏孩子把鞭子。父母采用传说来鼓励孩子们服从。如今,圣诞节已经成为一个受欢迎的节日在西方国家。圣诞老人已经成为圣诞节最受欢迎的象征和传统。他驾着驯鹿拉的雪橇的玩具到屋顶,从烟囱将礼物送给每个孩子。快乐老精灵的形象已深深在人们的记忆里。
圣诞老人原来的名字叫做尼古拉,在第四世纪,出生在小亚细亚和主要城市,富裕的家庭,父母非常狂热的天主教徒,不幸的是,他的父母早逝。尼古拉斯长大后,丰富的财产,全部为可怜的穷人,他出家修道院,致力于教会,终生为社会服务。尼古拉斯是一位牧师。他做了很
多慈善工作,他最喜欢秘密地帮助穷人,圣诞老人是他后来被称为,这个名字来自他的秘密资金,帮助三个女孩子的故事。装修装饰
圣诞装饰品,包括圣诞装饰和圣诞灯装饰的圣诞树,室内花环和常绿植物装饰,特别的冬青和槲寄生是传统的材料的使用。在北美、南美和欧洲地区,传统上装饰着灯,户外灯包括使用雪橇、雪人和其他圣诞形象的装饰。冬青和槲寄生是使用传统材料。传统的圣诞花是猩猩木(别名一品红,一品红,设计和颜色是红色,粉红色,白色,等等)。圣诞植物包括冬青、红孤挺花,圣诞仙人掌。
现在,你知道怎么过圣诞节了吗? 谢谢大家篇五:圣诞节英文ppt演讲稿 hello,everyone.my name is zhou lin.today my topic is about christmas.i wish you will love it.now,lets start.播放ppt和音乐。
第五篇:关于大学生圣诞节的英语演讲稿
关于大学生圣诞节的英语演讲稿范文
ladies and gentlemen, good evening!
tonight, we are meeting here to celebrate this special, peaceful, silent and holly night.here and now, allow me,on behalf of all the members of the school committee, to express my hearty regards and seasonal greetings to all of you.merry christmas and happy new year!
and i am very glad to tell you that we have two distinguished guests from england to join us tonight to celebrate this special christmas eve with us together.this is because christmas eve has the same meaning of safe and peace with ping an in chinese.just as the chinese saying goes, “safe and peace is fortune and luck”.so i’d like to extend my best wishes of fortune and luck to everyone here and those you love as well as those who are now still working in their posts.christmas is a time to give thanks, so let’s give our hearty thanks to our parents, our teachers, those around us as well as our great motherland with our sincerity, loyalty, intelligence and diligence.my dear boys and girls, the mid-term examination is over, and all the students in our school did very well this time.since the examination, many students are working harder than ever before, and they are becoming more active in class.especially through english corner, they’re getting to understand the importance of learning english.meanwhile, i hope every student in our school will take an active part in learning english and using english, and enjoy english.here and now, i’d like to say thank you very much to those who have tried their best to have organized the christmas eve.this special christmas eve will certainly bring us pleasure and enjoyment, laughter and passion, ass well as applause.to conclude my speech, i wish everyone here will enjoy the performances and have a very good time tonight.and i sincerely wish a merry christmas and happy new year to you again.that’s all.thank you very much.[关于大学生圣诞节的英语演讲稿范文]相关文章: