第一篇：202_年医学考博英语写作必记词汇

202_年医学考博英语写作必记词汇

202_年医学考博英语写作必记词汇汇总

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类

（一）（一）医疗、医院、医生

1、医生

① doctor medical worker

② physician 内科医生

③ surgeon 外科医生

④ doctor in charge 主治医生

⑤ intern 实习医生

⑥ resident doctor 住院医生

2、医院

① hospital

The specialized hospital 专科医院

The general hospital 普通医院

The community hospital 社区医院

The public hospital 公立医院

The private hospital 私立医院

② clinc 门诊

Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊

③ ward 病房

④ medical team 医疗队

医疗手段

① drug therapy 药物治疗

② medical treatment 医疗

③ medical instruments 医疗器械

④ diagnose（v）诊断（n）diagnosis

⑤ prevent（v）预防

⑥ sterilize（v）消毒 |

⑦ administrate a drug 给药

⑧ prevent and treat disease（v）预防和治疗疾病

⑨ TCM 中医

⑩ chemotherapy 化疗

（11）medical service 医疗服务

（12）complain of（v）主述

（13）health checkup 健康普查

（14）diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗

（15）consult the doctor（v）咨询;

4、医疗体制

（1）healthcare system 医疗体制（2）medical disputes 医疗纠纷（3）medical accident 医疗事故

（4）the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系

（5）medical insurance system 医疗保险体系

（6）medical aid fund 医疗救助基金

5、医德

（1）medical ethics 医德

（2）patient-oriented 以病人为核心

（3）humanistic 人道主义的（4）compassionate 富于同情性的（5）considerate 体贴周到的（6）resolute 果断的（7）service quality 服务质量

（8）to give top priority to the lives and health of people、病人

（1）patient

（2）the sick

（3）the invalid

（4）sufferer

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类

（二）必知疾病名称

1、患病的表达方式

⑪ suffer from（v）

（2）contract（v）

（3）people with some disease 患病人群

（4）the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人

2、必知疾病名称

heart disease 心脏病

hypertension 高血压

kidney problem 肾病

stroke 休克

the blood pressure 血压

diabetes 糖尿病

obesity 肥胖

terminal illness 绝症

incurable illness 不治之症

cancer 癌症

tumor 肿瘤

cancer of early stage 癌症晚期

emergency case 急症

servious illness 重症

the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病

short breath 短气

syndrome 综合症

complications 并发症

process 病程

bone loss 骨质疏松

short-sighted（adj）近视

3、其他相关词汇

outbreak and spending

break out（v）疾病的爆发

spread（v）疾病的扩散

the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率

taboo 禁忌

speed up blood circulation（v）

improve the cardiac functions（v）

side effects 副反应

complain of 主述

4、传染病专题

（1）感染源

virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介

（2）传染疾病

some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫

influenza（简）flu 流感

infection contagion 传染病

infectious diseases 传染病

AIDS 艾滋病

SARS（3）传染

epidemic（a）流行的，传染的 block the chanel（v）

disseminate 传播

cross infection 交叉感染

5、疾病名称

illness

sickness

disease

ailment

suffering、疾病的转归

（1）疾病的恢复

recover recovery

recuperate

resume

recruit

reinstate

（2）疾病的恶化

deteriorate

aggravate

exasperate

make worse

worsen

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类

（三）药物、药物名称

medicine

drug

remedy

medicinal herbs

power

tablet

pill、相关词汇

drug therapy 药物治疗

side effects 副反应

drug abuse 药物滥用

drugstore 药房

over the counter 非处方药

drug allergy 药物过敏

drug poisoning 药物中毒

prescription 处方

expenses for medicine 药费

charges for medicine

drug rebate 药品回扣

3、药物用法

开药 ：

prescribe some medicine for some diseases

write out a proscription

服药

take a medicine

治…的疾病

a remedy for some diseases

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类

（四）心理疾病、心理学专业词汇

subhealth 亚健康

psychological benefits 心理健康

psychological problem 心理问题

psychological consultation 心理咨询

psychological obstacles 心理障碍

mental obstacles 心理障碍

psychological massage 心理按摩

psychology 心理学/ 心理

psychotherapy 心理治疗

psychological expert 心理专家

2、相关词汇

questionnaire、情绪词汇

overcome

disappoint

disappointed

shy，flush

frustration

failure

willpower

optimism

optimistical

be sensitive to

nervous

tensional

sad agony pessimism pessimistic

confident confidence

stress pressure

depress depressed

depression depressive、疲劳相关词汇

fatigue tire（v）weariness（n）tired（a）

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类

（五）肥胖与营养、营养物质

nutrient 营养素

protein 蛋白质

fat 脂肪

glucose 葡萄糖

vitamin 维生素

sugar 糖类

heat calories quantity of heat 热量

carbohydrate 碳水化合物

soft drink beverage 软饮料

cholesterol胆固醇

2、营养与饮食

a well-balanced diet

nutrition 营养

nutritional 营养的

exhausted（a）fatigued（a）weary

第二篇：202_医学考博英语写作常用词汇

一、202_医学考博英语写作常用词汇：

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类（1）、医生

① doctor，medical worker ② physician 内科医生

③ surgeon 外科医生

④ doctor in charge 主治医生

⑤ intern 实习医生

⑥ resident doctor 住院医生、医院

① hospital

The specialized hospital 专科医院

The general hospital 普通医院

The community hospital 社区医院

The public hospital 公立医院

The private hospital 私立医院

② clinc 门诊

Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊

③ ward 病房

④ medical team 医疗队

3、医疗手段

（1）drug therapy 药物治疗

（2）medical treatment 医疗

（3）medical instruments 医疗器械

（4）diagnose（v）诊断（n）diagnosis（5）prevent（v）预防

（6）sterilize（v）消毒 |（7）administrate a drug 给药

（8）prevent and treat disease（v）预防和治疗疾病

（9）TCM 中医r>（10）chemotherapy 化疗

（11）medical service 医疗服务

（12）complain of（v）主述

（13）health checkup 健康普查

（14）diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗

（15）consult the doctor（v）咨询 ；、医疗体制

（1）healthcare system 医疗体制

（2）medical disputes 医疗纠纷

（3）medical accident 医疗事故

（4）the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系

（5）medical insurance system 医疗保险体系

（6）medical aid fund 医疗救助基金、医德

（1）medical ethics 医德

（2）patient-oriented 以病人为核心

（3）humanistic 人道主义的

（4）compassionate 富于同情性的（5）considerate 体贴周到的（6）resolute 果断的

（7）service quality 服务质量

（8）to give top priority to the lives and health of people、病人

（1）patient（2）the sick（3）the invalid（4）sufferer

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类（2）

必知疾病名称、患病的表达方式

⑴ suffer from(v)受…苦；患…病

(2)contract(v)感染

(3)people with some disease 患病人群

(4)the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人

2、必知疾病名称

heart disease 心脏病

hypertension 高血压

kidney problem 肾病

stroke 休克

the blood pressure 血压

diabetes 糖尿病

obesity 肥胖

terminal illness 绝症

incurable illness 不治之症

cancer 癌症

tumor 肿瘤

cancer of early stage 癌症晚期

emergency case 急症

servious illness 重症

the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病

short breath 短气

syndrome 综合症

complications 并发症

process 病程

bone loss 骨质疏松

short-sighted(adj)近视、其他相关词汇

outbreak and spending

break out(v)疾病的爆发

spread(v)疾病的扩散

the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率

taboo 禁忌

speed up blood circulation(v)

improve the cardiac functions(v)

side effects 副反应

complain of 主述、传染病专题

(1)感染源

virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫channel and media 传染途径及媒介

(2)传染疾病

some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫

influenza(简)flu 流感

infection contagion 传染病

infectious diseases 传染病

AIDS 艾滋病

SARS

(3)传染

epidemic(a)流行的，传染的 block the channel(v)

disseminate 传播

cross infection 交叉感染、疾病名称

Illness：病；疾病

Sickness：疾病，呕吐；弊病

Disease；弊病；疾病

Ailment：小病；不安

Suffering：苦难；苦楚、疾病的转归

(1)疾病的恢复

recover recovery：痊愈；复原

recuperate：恢复健康

resume vt.恢复

recruit vi.恢复健康； vt.使…恢复健康

reinstate vt.使健康

(2)疾病的恶化

deteriorate vi.vt

aggravate vt.exasperate vt.make worse vt.worsen vi.vt

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(3)

药物、药物名称

medicine:药

drug：药，麻醉药

remedy：补救，治疗

medicinal herbs：药草，草药

powder：粉，粉末

tablet：药片

pill：n.药丸，口服避孕药；

vt.把…制成丸剂；使服用药丸； vi.做成药丸；服药丸

2、相关词汇

drug therapy： 药物治疗

side effects： 副反应

drug abuse： 药物滥用 drugstore： 药房

over the counter： 非处方药

drug allergy;药物过敏

drug poisoning: 药物中毒

prescription: 处方

expenses for medicine： 药费

charges for medicine:药品划价

drug rebate ：药品回扣、药物用法

开药 ：prescribe some medicine for some diseases

write out a proscription

服药

take a medicine

治„的疾病

a remedy for some diseases

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(4)

心理疾病、心理学专业词汇

subhealth 亚健康

psychological benefits 心理健康

psychological problem 心理问题

psychological consultation 心理咨询

psychological obstacles 心理障碍

mental obstacles 心理障碍

psychological massage 心理按摩

psychology 心理学/ 心理

psychotherapy 心理治疗

psychological expert 心理专家

2、相关词汇

questionnaire

3、情绪词汇

overcome：vt.克服；胜过vi.克服；得胜

disappoint：vt.使失望

disappointed：adj.失望的，沮丧的；受挫折的

shy，adj.害羞的；畏缩的，胆怯的 flush：n.激动；面红；旺盛；

vt.发红，使发亮；使激动 vi.发红，脸红；被冲洗

adj.丰足的，洋溢的；挥霍的

frustration：挫折

failure：失败

willpower：毅力；意志力

optimism：乐观

optimistical：乐天的，乐观的 be sensitive to：对…敏感

nervous：紧张的，神经的 tensional：张力的，紧张的

sad agony pessimism pessimistic：悲伤，愤怒，悲观，悲观主义的

confident confidence：自信

stress pressure 压力；紧张；

vt.使紧张；加压力于；depress vt.压抑；使沮丧；使萧条 depressed：v.使沮丧； depression：n.沮丧；忧愁

depressive：adj.抑郁的；压抑的、疲劳相关词汇

fatigue tire(v)weariness(n)tired(a)exhausted(a)fatigued(a)weary（a.v）

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(5)

肥胖与营养、营养物质

nutrient 营养素

protein 蛋白质

fat 脂肪

glucose 葡萄糖

vitamin 维生素

sugar 糖类

heat calories quantity of heat 热量

carbohydrate 碳水化合物

soft drink beverage 软饮料

cholesterol胆固醇、营养与饮食

a well-balanced diet:：均衡饮食

nutrition 营养

nutritional 营养的二、精简医学考博写作常用核心词汇

1.下降、减少： reduction，decrease，decline，diminution, drop，descend，go / come down，fall；

上升、增加：

rise;go up;ascend；increase;2.禽流感

H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全

food safety;3.公共卫生突发事件： public health emergencies;应急反应：

immediate response to;4.关注民生：

concern(focus on, pay attention to)people’s livelihood/well-being;

5.城乡卫生体系：

urban-rural medical and health system 6.预防保健：

Disease Prevention and Health care 服务体系：

service system；

7.讲究卫生：

pay attention to hygiene； 个人和环境卫生：

personal and environmental hygiene 8.清淡的： lite；

蛋白添加饮食：

protein-complemented diet；

9.预防的措施： preventive initiatives=preventive measures

10.人畜共患：

zoonosis＝anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病

11.虫媒：

insect pollination； 虫媒传染病：

insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease；

12.肾病综合征：

nephrotic/renal syndrome；

13.流行性出血热：

epidemic hemorrhagic fever；

14.爆发流行：

break out, explode;an epidemic outbreak of explosion

15.传染：

infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable；

communicable 可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的;

communicative

a.健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的16.传播途径: route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind；person to person transmission

17.传播,散布：

diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/ propagation

18.污染: pollution/ pollute，contamination/contaminate

19.福祉: well-being, happiness；

20.衰老: grow old；aging；consenescence；senility；senile

21.每况愈下: from bad to worse；相似的: akin to=similar to；脓的,化脓的: Purulent

22.脂肪肝: fatty liver;

血压: hypertension 23.肠癌:

Cancer of Rectum and Colon；亚健康: sub-health

24.过劳死:

karoshi;death from overwork 25.长期以来:

for a long time;over the years 26.养生:

preserve one's health;nourishing of life;keep in good health

27.分类: be pided into＝fall into three categories＝be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.＝be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds.28.基本职责

=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations；

基本原则

fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle;

29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面，指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准，尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为，或用道德标准衡量某事，既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面，指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为，常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。

30.民众:

the(general)public，the masses of the people，the common people；

合作者

co-worker;collaborator;copartner;coagent;

31.死亡人数:

death toll，deaths，the number of people killed in/dying from

The death toll is expected to rise.The death toll continues to rise.There have been more deaths from drowning.How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少？

32.归结为:

boil down to；come down to；

归因为/归功于: be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute„ to、owe„to;

归咎于:

lay or put the blame on sb、blame„on、ascribe or attribute„ to、impute„ to。

33.大规模:

on a large scale，extensive，large-scale，massive；

大规模流行:

large-scale transmission，become a pandemic，massive attack/outbreak

34.表面上:

on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly;

因果关系: cause-and-effect relationship, causal 句！一般真题范例在10－15句左右。

relationship/relations;

2.现场写作技巧：

孤立现象:

①划线，划出实质性，实词性句子。②an isolated phenomenon；

翻译标题，有标题就译，没有标题不能加。复杂的: ③末尾重复标题，首尾呼应。

complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate；

极端复杂性: extreme/exceeding complexity/complicacy。

35.低保: basic living allowances/subsistence allowances；

养老保险: endowment insurance；

退休养老金:retirement pension；

Health Care Reform医疗改革

36.激烈运动: strenuous exercise；vigorous activity；

37.月经期: menstrual period 38.生活的节奏: the tempo/the pace of life;a life of quick /fast pace

39.婴幼儿保健: the infant health care 40.安乐死: euthanasia；

41.得绝症的: terminally ill；

42.临终关怀

=Hospice Care=end-of-life care 濒临死亡的病人：

dying patients，terminally ill patients，incurable patient

43.Secondhand Smoking，also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”.三、医学考博英语写作总结

1.原则与要求：

考博英语不直译原文，抓主要论点，果断舍弃次要内容，突出新点，论点清晰,主要写中长句子！2－5个长句！不写或少写短

第三篇：医学英语考博作文词汇归纳

★医学英语考博作文词汇归纳★

（一）医疗、医院、医生、医生

① doctor medical worker

② physician 内科医生

③ surgeon 外科医生

④ doctor in charge 主治医生

⑤ intern 实习医生

⑥ resident doctor 住院医生、医院

① hospital The specialized hospital 专科医院

The general hospital 普通医院

The community hospital 社区医院

The public hospital 公立医院

The private hospital 私立医院

② clinc 门诊

Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊

③ ward 病房

④ medical team 医疗队医疗手段

① drug therapy 药物治疗

② medical treatment 医疗

③ medical instruments 医疗器械

④ diagnose(v)诊断(n)diagnosis

⑤ prevent(v)预防

⑥ sterilize(v)消毒 |

⑦ administrate a drug 给药

⑧ prevent and treat disease(v)预防和治疗疾病

⑨ TCM 中医

⑩ chemotherapy 化疗

(11)medical service 医疗服务

(12)complain of(v)主述

(13)health checkup 健康普查

(14)diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗

(15)consult the doctor(v)咨询;4、医疗体制

（1）healthcare system 医疗体制

（2）medical disputes 医疗纠纷

（3）medical accident 医疗事故

（4）the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系

（5）medical insurance system 医疗保险体系

（6）medical aid fund 医疗救助基金、医德

（1）medical ethics 医德

（2）patient-oriented 以病人为核心

（3）humanistic 人道主义的（4）compassionate 富于同情性的（5）considerate 体贴周到的（6）resolute 果断的

（7）service quality 服务质量

（8）to give top priority to the lives and health of people 6、病人

（1）patient（2）the sick（3）the invalid(4)sufferer

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类

（二）必知疾病名称、患病的表达方式

⑪ suffer from(v)(2)contract（v）

(3)people with some disease 患病人群

(4)the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人、必知疾病名称

heart disease 心脏病

hypertension 高血压

kidney problem 肾病

stroke 休克

the blood pressure 血压

diabetes 糖尿病

obesity 肥胖

terminal illness 绝症

incurable illness 不治之症

cancer 癌症

tumor 肿瘤

cancer of early stage 癌症晚期

emergency case 急症

servious illness 重症

the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病

short breath 短气

syndrome 综合症

complications 并发症

process 病程

bone loss 骨质疏松

short-sighted（adj）近视、其他相关词汇

outbreak and spending break out(v)疾病的爆发

spread(v)疾病的扩散

the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率

taboo 禁忌

speed up blood circulation(v)improve the cardiac functions(v)side effects 副反应

complain of 主述、传染病专题

(1)感染源

virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介（2）传染疾病

some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫

influenza（简）flu 流感

infection contagion 传染病

infectious diseases 传染病

AIDS 艾滋病

SARS(3)传染

epidemic(a)流行的，传染的block the chanel(v)disseminate 传播

cross infection 交叉感染、疾病名称

illness sickness disease ailment suffering 6、疾病的转归（1）疾病的恢复

recover recovery recuperate resume recruit reinstate(2)疾病的恶化

deteriorate aggravate exasperate make worse worsen

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类

（三）药物、药物名称

medicine drug remedy medicinal herbs power tablet pill 2、相关词汇

drug therapy 药物治疗

side effects 副反应

drug abuse 药物滥用

drugstore 药房

over the counter 非处方药

drug allergy 药物过敏

drug poisoning 药物中毒 prescription 处方

expenses for medicine 药费

charges for medicine drug rebate 药品回扣、药物用法

开药 : prescribe some medicine for some diseases write out a proscription

服药

take a medicine

治„的疾病

a remedy for some diseases

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(四)

心理疾病

1、心理学专业词汇

subhealth 亚健康

psychological benefits 心理健康

psychological problem 心理问题

psychological consultation 心理咨询

psychological obstacles 心理障碍

mental obstacles 心理障碍

psychological massage 心理按摩

psychology 心理学/ 心理

psychotherapy 心理治疗

psychological expert 心理专家、相关词汇

questionnaire 3、情绪词汇

overcome disappoint disappointed shy , flush frustration failure willpower optimism optimistical be sensitive to nervous tensional sad agony pessimism pessimistic confident confidence stress pressure depress depressed depression depressive 4、疲劳相关词汇

fatigue tire(v)weariness(n)tired(a)exhausted(a)fatigued(a)weary

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(五)

肥胖与营养

1、营养物质

nutrient 营养素

protein 蛋白质

fat 脂肪

glucose 葡萄糖

vitamin 维生素

sugar 糖类

heat calories quantity of heat 热量

carbohydrate 碳水化合物

soft drink beverage 软饮料 cholesterol胆固醇、营养与饮食

a well-balanced diet nutrition 营养

nutritional 营养的nutritious 有营养的nutritionist 营养学家

malnutrition 营养失调

metabolism 物质代谢

fat free food the prepared food 熟食

grain 谷物

food shortages 食品短缺

lack of food breakfast lunch supper 一日三餐

imbalance(n)unbalance(a)失衡、营养失衡相关疾病

stroke;obesity hypertension diabetes!4、治疗措施

diet drug 减肥药

lose weight 减肥

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(六)

生活习惯、健康及运动、生活习惯

life-style 生活习惯

a disorder of body and mind a physical and mental disorder crazy tempo of life 快节奏的生活

high tempo of life be accustomed to sth the exercise habit 2、运动与休息

ample sleep 充足的睡眠

relax oneself take sports physical exercises sport activities do sports sports ground（简）gym 体育场馆

entertainment be more/less physically fit sustain the exercise habit constitution 体质

hormone 激素

subhealth亚健康

cooperative medical caresystem合作医疗体系

resist mutation防癌

immunomodulator免疫调节剂

enthusiasm热情

医学考博英语写作必记词汇分类(七)医学研究领域相关词汇

1.下降、减少 reduction，decrease，decline，diminution, drop，descend，go / come down，fall；上升、增加rise;go up;ascend；increase;2.禽流感 H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全 food safety;3.公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies;应急反应 immediate response to;4.关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to)people’s livelihood/well-being;5.城乡卫生体系

urban-rural medical and health system 6.预防保健Disease Prevention and Health care，服务体系service system； 7.讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene；个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 8.lite清淡的；protein-complemented diet蛋白添加饮食； 9.preventive initiatives=preventive measures预防的措施 10.人畜共患病zoonosis＝anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病，11.虫媒insect pollination；虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease：

12.肾病综合征：nephrotic/renal syndrome； 13.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热；

14.爆发流行：break out, explode;an epidemic outbreak of,explosion 15.传染：infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable；

communicable可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的;

communicative a.健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的

16.传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind；person to person transmission 17.传播,散布：diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/ propagation 18.污染pollution/ pollute，contamination/contaminate 19.福祉 well-being, happiness；

20.衰老grow old；aging；consenescence；senility；senile 21.from bad to worse每况愈下；akin to=similar to 相似的；Purulent脓的,化脓的 22.脂肪肝fatty liver;血压 hypertension 23.肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon；亚健康 sub-health 24.过劳死 karoshi;death from overwork 25.长期以来 for a long time;over the years 26.养生preserve one's health;nourishing of life;keep in good health 27.分类 be pided into＝fall into three categories＝be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.＝be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds.28.基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations；

基本原则fundamental principle/ rule,basic rule or principle;29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面，指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准，尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为，或用道德标准衡量某事，既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面，指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为，常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。

30.民众the(general)public，the masses of the people，the common people；合作者co-worker;collaborator;copartner;coagent;31.死亡人数death toll，deaths，the number of people killed in/dying from

The death toll is expected to rise.The death toll continues to rise.There have been more deaths from drowning.How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少？ 32.归结为 boil down to；come down to；

归因为/归功于 be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute„ to、owe„to;

归咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blame„on、ascribe or attribute„ to、impute„ to。

33.大规模on a large scale，extensive，large-scale，massive；大规模流行 large-scale transmission，become a pandemic，massive attack/outbreak 34.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly;因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations;

孤立现象an isolated phenomenon；

复杂的complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate；

极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy。35.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances；

养老保险 endowment insurance；

退休养老金retirement pension； Health Care Reform医疗改革

36.激烈运动strenuous exercise；vigorous activity；

37.月经期menstrual period 38.生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life;a life of quick /fast pace 39.婴幼儿保健the infant health care 40.安乐死euthanasia；

41.得绝症的terminally ill；

42.临终关怀=Hospice Care=end-of-life care

濒临死亡的病人：dying patients，terminally ill patients，incurable patient 43.Secondhand Smoking，also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”.

第四篇：考博英语写作

考博英语写作模板、绝招

开头万能公式

1． 开头万能公式一：名人名言

有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！

原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？

经典句型：

A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”（适用于已记住的名言）

It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（适用于自编名言）

更多经典句型：

As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2． 开头万能公式二：数字统计

原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。

原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：

Honesty：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。

Travel by Bike：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。

Youth：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。

Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

更多句型：

A recent statistics shows that …

结尾万能公式

1． 结尾万能公式一：如此结论

说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：

Obviously, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！

更多过渡短语：

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型：

Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… 2． 结尾万能公式二：如此建议

如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？

更多句型：

Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.（1）不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.（3）答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.（4）谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___谚语_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.（5）图表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the

table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.（6）实用性写作（申请信)

Your address

Month, Date, year

Receiver's address Dear...，I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours，X X X 写作的“七项基本原则”

一、长短句原则

工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：

As a creature, I eat;as a man, I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！

强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。

二、主题句原则

国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！

特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！

To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）.Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、一二三原则

领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。

1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗）

2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗）

3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗）

4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗）

5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐）

6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）

7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐）

8）most important of all, moreover, finally

9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）

10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）

建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！

四、短语优先原则

写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其

一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其

二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如：

I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。

五、多实少虚原则

原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如：

走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room

但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room

小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room

小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room

老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room

所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！

六、多变句式原则

1）加法（串联）

都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：

I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：

Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.其它的短语可以用：

besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover

2）转折（拐弯抹角）

批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。

The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短语：

despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding

3）因果（so, so, so）

昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！

The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短语：

then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that

4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）

有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。

举例：This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：

When to go, Why he goes away…

5）附加（多此一举）

如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他；或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。

The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。

6）排比（排山倒海句）

文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！

Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.（气势恢宏）

要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！

七、挑战极限原则

既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！

原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：

The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪！

文章主体段落三大杀手锏

一、举实例

思维短路，举实例！提出一个观点，举实例！提出一个方案，举实例！而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子！

In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colors, cartoon films and human performance.For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they find him or her.更多句型：

To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example

二、做比较

方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的；

世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点（through comparison）和不同点（through contrast）。下面是一些短语：

相似的比较：

in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner

相反的比较：

on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …

三、换言之

没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。

实际就是重复重复再重复！下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you!

I am enthusiastic about you.That is to say, I love you.I am wild about you.In other words, I have fallen in love with you.或者上面我们举过的例子：

I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.因此可以这样说：I cannot bear it.That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.更多短语：

in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply

第五篇：医学考博英语历年真题摘要写作

医学考博英语历年真题摘要写作范文

97年题

A Blind Zone in Childr-Nutrition

This article reveals a mistaken idea in child-raising which deserves correcting.Most parents take it for granted that children should eat more animal foods such as chicken, meat and fish than grain food because the former are far more expensive and the more expensive the food is the more nutritious it is.However, this is, in fact, a mistaken idea which has lead to malnutrition among many city kids.This is indicated in a survey recently made in Shanghai.What parents don’t know is that carbohydrate in grains, starch and sugar, the main and most inexpensive nutrient for energy supply, is of equal importance in metabolism.The energy it supplies is the main source of calories in human bodies,about 60% of the total amount of calories.If there is a lack of calories provided by carbohydrate, protein and fat will be used up to provide the heat and thus can’t play their original roles in the body.Consequently, it results in a retarded development in the children and even malnutrition.Apparently, the solution to the problem is to provide kids with a well-balanced food containing protein, carbohydrate and many other nutrients, none of which can be done without.Writing Drill 4(98 FATMD)

In the past several years, many Chinese college students have come to accept psychological consultation(PC)they used to reject.In 1994, many students didn’t care to think about the consultation while in 1996, over 90% of 2132 students in a survey answered the related questionnaires carefully.PC is now gradually accepted by college students in China.Surveys indicate that 70-80% college students have psychological problems and 20.3% have such obstacles.There have been reports on many severe cases resulting from misunderstanding and lack of PC.In view of this, many universities in Nanjing have set up psychological healthcare service for students.Many students have corrected their misunderstanding about PC and bravely asked the consultants for help, which has greatly helped them overcome their mental obstacles.Even some military cadets have begun to consult experts for advice.Experts point out that prompt consultation can prevent mental problems from developing into obstacles, mental illnesses and even suicide.University psychological consultation, young as it is, has made remarkable progress and grown into a unique course in universities.Though it contributed to students’ healthy growth, it still has a long way to go to be fully understood and appreciated by both students and faculties.Writing Drill 5 老年健康饮食为先

Aging usually brings about recession in many bodily functions such indigestion, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and other metabolic dysfunctions.However, scientists find that these hypofunctions are actually caused by irrational diets or eating habits.This article discusses this problem and the solution to it.First, balanced diet with more vegetables than animal food is especially good for the old people.Second, less staple food and less salt in food should be suggested for the aged because overconsumption of these two can lead to cardiovascular diseases.Third, more bean food can replace proteins such as eggs and fat as sources of protein.Fourth, light food should be taken in instead of fat and oily foods which usually contribute to cardiovascular diseases.Fifth, doctors always advise people eat more fruit to regulate their digestion, metabolism and cardiovascular balance.In a word, a balanced diet, more vegetable food instead of fat food are of the first significance to the health of the aged and a long life.Writing Drill 6

Recently, more attention has been paid to a behavioral prescription for various and physical diseases.It includes laughter, sports, dancing and even crying.These methods have different functions.Laughter activates over 80 muscles.In laughing, smooth muscles in organs contract and help improve digestion.Crying can give vent to harmful chemicals in the body accumulated by stress.Sports and dancing can relieve chronic illness such as bronchitis, back pain, diabetes, etc.that medication alone can’t do.202_年医学考博英语正确的复习方法：http://www.teniu.cc/product/PR000082 202_年医学考博英语协议全程班：http://www.teniu.cc/product/PR000276

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