下载文档第一篇：口译
很高兴时隔5年再次来到达沃斯，出席世界经济论坛2015年年会。达沃斯小镇十分宁静祥和，但我们所处的世界却并不平静，国际社会需要应对新局势。我还听说，达沃斯曾经是治疗肺病的疗养地，因为盘尼西林的发明而转型。时至今日，达沃斯已经成为“头脑风暴”的智力中心，世界也需要新的“盘尼西林”来应对新挑战。It gives me great pleasure to come to Davos again after five years to attend the World EconomicForum Annual Meeting 2015.Davos is a town of peace and serenity, yet the world outside is nottranquil.We need to work together to shape the world in a new global context.I was told thatDavos used to be a resort for recuperation from lung diseases, and the later discovery of Penicillinchanged that.Now it is a place for people to gather and pool their wisdom for “brain-storm”.Personally, I find this more than relevant, because our world also needs new forms of “Penicillin” totackle new challenges that have emerged.毋庸讳言，当今世界远非太平，地区热点、局部冲突以及恐怖袭击等此起彼伏，对人类社会构成现实威胁；全球经济又复苏乏力，主要经济体走势分化，大宗商品价格反复波动，通货紧缩迹象更雪上加霜。不少人对世界前景抱有悲观情绪，认为不仅和平与安宁出了问题，发展也难见曙光。
Admittedly, the world today is by no means trouble-free.Regional hotspots, local conflicts andterrorist attacks continue to flare up, posing immediate threats to humanity.Global economicrecovery lacks speed and momentum.Major economies are performing unevenly.Commodityprices are going through frequent fluctuations.And signs of deflation have made the situation evenworse.In fact, many people are quite pessimistic about the future of the world.They believe thatthe guarantee of peace is weak, and the prospect of development is elusive.有哲人说过，当问题出现的时候，不能用曾经制造问题的办法去解决它。老问题的解决，不能再从对抗、仇恨、封闭中谋答案；新问题的应对，更要在对话、协商、合作中找出路。我们要吸取历史经验，运用时代智慧，寻求各方利益的最大公约数。人类在艰难时刻，总是能激起突破困境的勇气，迸发出变革创新的力量。
A philosopher once observed that we cannot solve problems by using the same kind of thinking weused when we created them.Indeed, old problems can no longer be solved by clinging to theoutdated mindset of confrontation, hatred and isolation.Dialogue, consultation and cooperationmust be explored to find solutions to new problems.It is important that we draw lessons fromhistory, and pool our collective wisdom to maximize the convergence of interests amongcountries.Fortunately, in time of hardship and trial, mankind have always been able to find thecourage to get out of the predicament and move ahead through change and innovation.面对复杂的国际局势，我们主张要坚定维护和平稳定。今年是世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年。保持世界和平稳定，符合各国人民共同利益。二战后形成的国际秩序和普遍公认的国际关系准则，必须维护而不能打破，否则繁荣和发展也就无从谈起。国家间应摈弃冷战思维与零和游戏，“赢者通吃”是行不通的。任何地区热点和地缘冲突，都应坚持通过政治手段、以和平方式寻求解决。我们反对一切形式的恐怖主义。中国将继续走和平发展道路，维护地区稳定，无意与任何国家一争高下。世界各国都要像爱护自己的眼睛一样爱护和平，让文明理性正义之花开遍世界。
In a world facing complex international situation, we should all work together to uphold peace andstability.This year marks the 70th anniversary of the victory of the world's anti-Fascist war.Touphold peace and stability serves the interests of all people in the world.The world orderestablished after World War II as well as generally recognized norms governing internationalrelations must be maintained, not overturned.Otherwise, prosperity and development could bejeopardized.The Cold War and zero-sum mentalities must be abandoned.The “winner takes all”approach will not work.Regional hotspots and geopolitical conflicts must be resolved peacefullythrough political means.Terrorism, in all its manifestations, must be opposed.China remainscommitted to peaceful development and regional stability.And China has no intention to competewith other countries for supremacy.Peace in the world must be cherished the same as we cherishour eyes, so that the achievements and benefits of civilization, including reason and justice, willprevail.面对多元的世界文明，我们主张要共同促进和谐相处。文化多样性与生物多样性一样，是我们这个星球最值得珍视的天然宝藏。人类社会是各种文明都能盛开的百花园，不同文化之间、不同宗教之间，都应相互尊重、和睦共处。同可相亲，异宜相敬。国际社会应以海纳百川的胸怀，求同存异、包容互鉴、合作共赢。
In a world of perse civilizations, we should all seek to live in harmony.Cultural persity, likebiopersity, is a most precious treasure endowed to us on this planet.And human society is like agarden where all human civilizations blossom.Different cultures and religions need to respect andlive in harmony with each other.While maintaining the natural close ties among those with whomwe see eye to eye, we also need to respect those with whom we disagree.Like the vast oceanadmitting all rivers that run into it, members of the international community need to worktogether to expand common ground while accepting differences, and seek win-win progressthrough inclusive cooperation and mutual learning.面对多变的经济形势，我们主张要大力推动开放创新。国际金融危机爆发7年来的实践证明，唯有同舟共济，才能渡过难关。在相互依存的世界里，各国有权根据自己的国情制定经济政策，但是也应加强同其他国家的宏观政策协调，扩大利益汇合点，实现共同发展。欧洲有谚语讲：“面对变革之风，有人砌围墙，有人转风车。”我们倡导顺势而为，坚定不移推进自由贸易，旗帜鲜明反对保护主义，积极扩大区域经济合作，打造全球价值链，迎接新科技革命的到来。宏观政策固然重要，但结构性改革势在必行，这是国际社会的共识。尽管难度很大，但也应该坚持去做，这样才能形成全球创新合力，增强世界发展的新动能。
In a world facing volatile economic situation, we should all work to promote opening-up andinnovation.What has happened since the outbreak of the international financial crisis seven yearsago proves that to work in unity is the surest way for countries to get over the difficulties.We areall interdependent in this world.While we each have the right to adopt economic policies in line withnational conditions, we need to strengthen macro-policy coordination to expand the convergenceof interests and achieve common development.An European proverb says, “when the wind ofchange blows, some build walls, while others build windmills.” We need to act along the trend of ourtime, firmly advance free trade, resolutely reject protectionism, and actively expand regionaleconomic cooperation.We need to build global value chains, and seize the opportunity of a newtechnological revolution.While the international community agree on the importance of macro-policies to the economy, they also recognize the urgency to go ahead with structural reform.Structural reform must be carried through no matter how difficult it is, as it is an effective way tofoster conditions conducive to global innovation and bring about new momentum for globaldevelopment.女士们，先生们！
Ladies and Gentlemen，我知道，与会者对中国经济前景很关注，或许有人担忧受到中国经济速度放缓的拖累，还有人担忧受到中国经济转型的冲击。因此，我想多介绍中国的情况。
I know you are all interested in the outlook of the Chinese economy.Some of you may evenworry about the possible potential impact of China's economic slowdown and transition.To easeyour concerns, let me spend more time today on what is really happening in China.当前，中国经济发展进入新常态，经济由高速增长转为中高速增长，发展必须由中低端水平迈向中高端水平，为此要坚定不移推动结构性改革。
The Chinese economy has entered a state of new normal.The gear of growth is shifting from highspeed to medium-to-high speed, and development needs to move from low-to-medium level tomedium-to-high level.This has made it all the more necessary for us to press ahead with structuralreform.应当看到，中国经济增速有所放缓，既有世界经济深度调整的大背景，也是内在的经济规律。现在，中国经济规模已居世界第二，基数增大，即使是7%的增长，年度现价增量也达到8000多亿美元，比5年前增长10%的数量还要大。经济运行处在合理区间，不一味追求速度了，紧绷的供求关系变得舒缓，重荷的资源环境得以减负，可以腾出手来推进结构性改革，向形态更高级、分工更复杂、结构更合理的发展阶段演进。这样，中国经济的“列车”不仅不会掉挡失速，反而会跑得更稳健有力，带来新机遇，形成新动能。
It must be noted that the moderation of growth speed in China reflects both profoundadjustments in the world economy as well as the law of economics.The Chinese economy is nowthe second largest in the world.With a larger base figure, a growth even at 7% will produce anannual increase of more than 800 billion US dollars at current price, larger than a 10% growth fiveyears ago.With the economy performing within the reasonable range and the speed of growthno longer taken as the sole yardstick, the strained supply-demand relationship will be eased, thepressure on resources and the environment will be lowered, and more time and energy will bedevoted to push forward structural reform.That means, the economy will enter a more advancedstage of development, with more sophisticated pision of labor and a more optimized structure.If Icould compare the Chinese economy to a running train.What I want you to know is that this trainwill not lose speed or momentum.It will only be powered by stronger dynamo and run withgreater steadiness, bringing along new opportunities and new momentum of growth.刚刚过去的2014年，我们就是按照这个思路做的。面对下行压力，我们没有采取强刺激，而是强力推进改革，尤其是政府带头改革，大力简政放权，激发市场和企业的活力。全年GDP增长7.4%，在世界主要经济体中是最高的；城镇新增就业1300多万人，在经济放缓情况下不减反增，登记失业率、调查失业率都是下降的；CPI上涨2%，低于年初预期目标。事实说明，我们出台的一系列宏观调控政策是正确的、有效的。更重要的是结构性改革迈出新步伐。
In 2014, we followed exactly the afore-mentioned approach.In the face of downward pressure, wedid not resort to strong stimulus;instead, we vigorously pursued reforms, and the government infact led these reforms by streamlining administration and delegating power.This has motivatedboth the market and the business sector.GDP grew by 7.4% for the whole year, the best amongmajor economies in the world.Over 13 million new jobs were created in cities, with both registeredand surveyed unemployment rates lower than the previous year.That is, we achieved growth inemployment despite the economic slowdown.CPI was kept at 2%, lower than the target set at thebeginning of the year.These outcomes prove that the host of macro-regulation measures Chinaadopted have been right and effective.More importantly, new progress has been made inadvancing structural reform.不可否认，2015年，中国经济仍面临较大下行压力。在这种情况下如何选择？是追求短期更高增长，还是着眼长期中高速增长，提升发展质量？答案是后者。我们将继续保持战略定力，实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，不会搞“大水漫灌”，而是更加注重预调微调，更好实行定向调控，确保经济运行在合理区间，同时着力提升经济发展的质量和效益。
Needless to say, the Chinese economy will continue to face substantial downward pressure in2015.What shall we choose to do under such circumstances? Shall we go for even higher growthfor the short term, or for medium-to-high growth and a higher quality of development over thelong run? The answer is definitely the latter.We will maintain our strategic focus and continue topursue a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.We will avoid adoptingindiscriminate policies.Instead, we will put more emphasis on anticipatory adjustment and fine-tuning, do an even better job with targeted macro-regulation to keep the economy operatingwithin the reasonable range, and raise the quality and performance of the economy.我们正在采取有效措施防范债务、金融等潜在风险。中国储蓄率高达50%，能够为经济增长提供充裕资金。地方性债务70%以上用于基础设施建设，是有资产保障的。金融体制改革也正在推进。我在这里要向大家传递的信息是，中国不会发生区域性、系统性金融风险，中国经济不会出现“硬着陆”。
We are taking effective measures to fend off debt, financial and other potential risks.China's highsavings rate, which now stands at 50%, generates sufficient funds for sustaining economic growth.Besides, China's local debt, over 70% of which was incurred for infrastructure development, isbacked by assets.And reform of the financial system is making progress.What I want toemphasize is that regional or systemic financial crisis will not happen in China, and the Chineseeconomy will not head for a hard landing.要看到，中国还是一个发展中国家，实现现代化还有很长的路要走。和平是中国发展的基础条件，改革开放和人民对幸福美好生活的追求是发展的最大动力。中国城乡和区域发展空间广阔，国内需求潜力巨大。以中高速再发展一、二十年，中国的面貌就会持续改善，也会给世界带来更多发展机遇。
It must be pointed out that China is still a developing country and still has a long way to go beforeachieving modernization.While peace is the basic condition for China's development, reform andopening-up along with our people's desire for a happy life constitute the strongest impetuspropelling development.The space of development in China's rural and urban areas and variousregions is enormous, and the country's domestic demand will simply generate great potential ofgrowth.Development at medium-to-high speed for another ten to twenty years will bring evenbigger changes to China and create more development opportunities for the world.中国经济要顶住下行压力，实现“双中高”，就需要对传统思维“说不”，为创新体制“叫好”，下决心推进结构性改革。要创新宏观调控，增添微观活力，调整城乡、区域和产业结构，促进比较充分的就业特别是年轻人的就业，改善收入分配和民生福祉。这需要付出艰辛努力，但是我们将不畏困难。只有沿着促改革、调结构的路子坚定走下去，才能使中国经济长期保持中高速增长，发展迈向中高端水平。
For the Chinese economy to withstand downward pressure, and to maintain medium-to-highspeed of growth and achieve medium-to-high level of development, we need to say “no” totraditional mindset.We must encourage innovative institutions, and press ahead with structuralreform.We need to adopt more innovative macro-regulation policies and develop a more vigorousmicro economy.We need to promote more balanced development of industries, between ruraland urban areas and among regions.We need to ensure relatively high employment rate,especially sufficient employment for the young people.And we need to optimize incomedistribution and raise the people's welfare.All this certainly calls for tremendous efforts.Yet we willstay undaunted in the face of difficulties.We will unswervingly press ahead with reform andrestructuring to ensure that our economy maintains medium-to-high speed of growth andachieves medium-to-high level of development.中国经济要行稳致远，必须全面深化改革。用好政府和市场这“两只手”，形成“双引擎”。一方面要使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，培育打造新引擎；另一方面要更好发挥政府作用，改造升级传统引擎。
To ensure long-term and steady growth of the Chinese economy, we need to comprehensivelydeepen reforms.We need to properly use both the hand of the government and the hand of themarket, and rely on both the traditional and new engines of growth.We will let the market play adecisive role in resource allocation to foster a new engine of growth.At the same time, we will givebetter scope to the role of the government to transform and upgrade the traditional engine ofgrowth.我们说要打造新引擎，就是推动大众创业、万众创新。中国有13亿人口、9亿劳动力、7000万企业和个体工商户，人民勤劳而智慧。如果把全社会每一个细胞都激活，就会使整个经济肌体充满生机，进而汇聚成巨大的推动力量。大众创业、万众创新蕴藏着无穷创意和无限财富，是取之不竭的“金矿”。
To foster a new engine of growth, we will encourage mass entrepreneurship and innovation.China has 1.3 billion people, a 900-million workforce, and over 70 million enterprises and self-employed businesses.Our people are hard-working and talented.If we could activate every cell insociety, the economy of China as a whole will brim with more vigor and gather stronger power forgrowth.Mass entrepreneurship and innovation, in our eyes, is a “gold mine” that providesconstant source of creativity and wealth.这使我想起30多年前的中国农村改革，放开搞活，让农民自主决定生产经营，调动了广大农民的积极性，结果只用了短短几年时间，就解决了长期没有解决的吃饭问题。制度创新激发了亿万人的创造力，也改变了亿万人的命运。两个月前，我去了中国东部的一个村庄，那里有700多户人家，却开设了2800多家注册网店，每天向世界各地售出超过3000万件各类商品。这就是勤劳肯干大众创业的生动写照。
Speaking of this, I think of China's rural reform conducted more than 30 years ago.The reform brought farmers' initiatives into full play and allowed them to decide for themselves matters related to rural production and management.Consequently, the problem of hunger that previously haunted China was solved in just a couple of years.In short, a structural innovation that unleashed the creativity of the people changed the lot of hundreds of millions in China.I also think of a small village I visited two months ago in eastern China.In the village were some 700 households and over 2,800 registered online stores.Each day, more than 30 million items of various sorts were sold to different parts of the world.The story of the village speaks vividly of the hard-working Chinese people actively engaged in entrepreneurship.今天的中国，需要开发活力的新源泉。活力来自多样性，多样性的碰撞产生智慧的火花，点燃创新发展的火炬。大众创业、万众创新不仅能释放民智民力，扩大内需和居民消费，增加社会财富，增进大众福祉。更重要的是，让所有人都有平等机会和舞台实现人生价值，推进社会纵向流动，实现社会公平正义。
Going forward, China needs new sources of dynamism to carry development forward.Dynamism comes from persity, which sparks wisdom and fosters innovation.Mass entrepreneurship and innovation serves to unleash people's ingenuity and power.It will result in greater demand and residents' consumption, greater social wealth, and greater welfare for the people.More importantly, it will bring opportunity for many and give people the stage to reach life's full potential.It will also bring about greater social mobility, equity and justice.管制束缚创新，竞争促进繁荣。我们将进一步深化行政体制改革，继续取消和下放行政审批事项，全面清理非行政许可，推行市场准入负面清单制度，为市场主体松绑减负。这也有利于压缩寻租和腐败的空间。我们将依法保护知识产权，尽力营造鼓励进取、宽容失败的环境，同时保护各类合法产权。
Excessive regulation discourages innovation, and healthy competition is the way to prosperity.We will deepen reform of the administrative system.This means we will continue to abolish or delegate to lower-level governments items previously subject to State Council review and approval.We will comprehensively sort out items requiring non-governmental review and approval, and put in place a negative-list approach for market access.This will incentivize market players, and help reduce the possibility of rent-seeking and corruption.We will protect intellectual property rights in accordance with the law, and do our best to foster an environment that encourages entrepreneurship and tolerates failure.Moreover, we will give protection to all sorts of legal property rights.我们说要改造传统引擎，重点是扩大公共产品和公共服务供给。中国经济发展虽然取得很大成就，但公共产品与服务不足仍是“短板”。目前，中国人均公共设施资本存量仅为西欧国家的38%、北美国家的23%；服务业水平比同等发展中国家低10个百分点；城镇化率比发达国家低20多个百分点。这当中蕴藏着公共产品与服务的巨大空间。增加这方面供给，属于政府分内的职责，是改善民生的必要举措，也是扩大内需的重要推手。To transform the traditional engine of growth, we will focus on increasing the supply of public goods and services.China has made remarkable economic achievements, but inadequate supply of public goods and services remains a weak link in development.China's capital stock on public infrastructure, in per capita terms, is only 38% that of Western Europe and 23% that of North America.The development of its service sector is 10 percentage points lower than other developing countries at similar development stages.And its rate of urbanization is more than 20 percentage points lower than developed countries.This means a massive space for increasing public goods and services.To deliver such public goods and services to improve people's lives is the government's responsibility.They are also important ways to boost domestic demand.今年，我们确定了包括中西部铁路、水利工程、各类棚户区和城乡危房改造、污染防治等重点投资领域。政府在加大财政投入的同时，不再唱“独角戏”，而是通过深化投融资改革，打破垄断，吸引社会资金和外资参与，采取政府和民营合作（PPP）、中外合作以及政府购买服务等方式，放大投资效应。如近年中国西部省区建设一家污水处理厂，需要资金3.35亿元人民币，成功吸引德国一家水务公司参与投资，德方股比占到70%。
This year, we have identified some key areas for investment, including building railways in central and western provinces, constructing water conservancy projects, rebuilding rundown urban areas and old houses in cities and villages, and preventing and controlling pollutions.The government will increase investment in these areas, and it will not act alone.Efforts will be made to break monopoly and reform the investment and financing systems to encourage the participation of private and foreign capitals.The model of public-private partnership(PPP), Sino-foreign cooperatives and government purchase of services will be adopted to better leverage various investment sources.I have an example here to cite.A few years ago, the plan was made to build a sewage treatment plant in a province in western China, and a total of 335 million RMB yuan was needed.The project later attracted investment from a German water company, with the German side controlling 70 percent of the total shares.我们将推进财税改革，给企业尤其是服务型企业减税降费，推出扶持中小企业的新举措。深化金融改革，继续推进利率、汇率市场化，加快发展中小金融机构特别是民营银行，发展多层次资本市场。推动价格改革，大幅缩减政府定价种类和项目，最大限度放开价格管制。同时，注重发挥政府在“软环境”建设中的作用，扮演好市场监管的角色，打造国际化、市场化、法治化的营商环境，为所有市场主体提供优质高效的公共服务。
Moving forward, we will deepen fiscal and taxation reform, reduce the tax and fees charged to businesses, particularly those in the service sector, and take new steps to support SMEs.We will deepen reform of the financial system, continue to promote liberalization of interest and exchange rates, and accelerate the development of small-and medium-sized financial institutions, private banks in particular, with a view to developing a multi-tiered capital market.We will speed up reform of the pricing system, substantially reduce the types and items for which the government sets the prices, and liberate price regulation to the maximum extent possible.More emphasis will be given to the government's role in creating a favorable “soft environment”.That means better market regulation, a world-class business environment established on market principles and the rule of law.In this way, we will be able to provide efficient and quality public services to all market players.女士们，先生们！Ladies and Gentlemen，中国改革与发展将给世界带来更多商机。我们将进一步放宽外资准入，探索准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理模式，对中外企业一视同仁，重点有序扩大金融、教育、文化、医疗、养老等服务业对外开放，推广上海自贸区经验，让各国投资者能挖掘出源源不断的“富矿”。
China's reform and development will bring more business opportunities to the world.We will provide easier market access for inbound foreign investment, and explore the possibility of management based on a pre-establishment national treatment and negative-list approach.Chinese and foreign companies will be treated as equals.We will further open the financial, education, cultural, medical care, pension and other service sectors in an orderly way, and bring the experience of the China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone to other parts of China.Our aim is to help investors from across countries find “rich mines” and reap steady returns from their investment.我们还将创新对外投资合作方式，中国高铁、核电、航空、电信等优势行业“走出去”，对接当地市场需求，也是在国际市场竞争中接受检验。其中不少产品本来就是中外合作生产的，出口本身就是共同开拓第三方市场。我们提出“一带一路”建设，愿与相关国家需求相结合，合作推进。
What is more, China will explore new approaches to investment cooperation with other countries.China's high-speed railway, nuclear power, aviation, telecommunications and other sophisticated manufacturing capacities are gradually being introduced to other countries.They could meet market demand of the recipient country, and stand the test of competition on the international market.Their export will also help open up third-country markets, as many of such products are made by joint ventures between China and a foreign country.China has put forward the initiatives to build the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.China hopes to work with other countries to advance these initiatives and ensure that they are brought forward in ways that meet the actual needs of countries concerned.瑞士达沃斯是世界滑雪胜地。大家知道，滑雪有三要素：速度、平衡、勇气。对中国经济而言，就是要主动适应新常态，保持中高速度的增长，平衡好稳增长和调结构的关系，以壮士断腕的勇气推进改革。只要我们坚持改革开放不动摇，着力推进结构性改革，推动大众创业、万众创新，扩大公共产品、公共服务供给，用“双引擎”助力“双中高”，中国经济就一定能够摆脱“中等收入陷阱”的“魔咒”，走上持续健康发展的轨道，同时为世界经济带来更大机遇。
Davos of Switzerland is a world-famous ski resort.As we understand, to be a good skier, one needs to do three things: go at the right speed, keep balance and be courageous.I believe this also holds true for the Chinese economy.What is important now for China is to adapt to the new normal.China will maintain medium-to-high speed of growth, keep a proper balance between steady growth and structural adjustment, and push forward reform with great courage and determination.China will stay firm in its commitment to reform and opening-up.It will focus on structural reform, encourage mass entrepreneurship and innovation, increase supply of public goods and services, and use the twin engines to ensure that the economy maintains medium-to-high speed of growth and achieves medium-to-high level of development.As long as we succeed in doing so, the Chinese economy will successfully overcome the “middle-income trap” and move ahead along the path of sustainable and sound development.This will in turn bring greater opportunities to the world economy.我相信，只要国际社会携起手来，坚守和平稳定的底线，秉持和谐相处的理念，激活开放创新的动力，就没有克服不了的艰难险阻，我们赖以生存的这个世界就会迎来一个更加美好的未来！
In closing, I would like to call upon the international community to forge ahead and work in unison to uphold peace and stability, embrace harmonious coexistence, and boost the impetus for openness and innovation.By doing so, I am confident we will be able to overcome whatever difficulty or obstacle that stand in our way, and bring about a better future for the world that we all call home.谢谢大家。
Thank you very much.
第二篇：口译材料
词法、句法翻译
一、对等译法
在翻译过程中，我们一般都可以在译文语言中找到同原文中某个单词、词组或成语意义上的对等表达。因此，对等译法是翻译中最常用、最重要的翻译方法。我们在翻译中必须注意译文中所采用的对等表达是名符其实的对等表达。一般说来，汉英两种语言中单词的对等率最高，而词组、成语、谚语的对等率就要相对低一些。请看下面各组对等译法的实例。
(一)单词
1)television(名词)电视 2)electricity(名词)电 3)wheat(名词)小麦 4)坐(动词)sit 5)小(形容词)small 6)和(连接词)and 总的说来，汉英两种语言中单词的对等程度要高一些，一方面是单词的文化背景比较简单，另一方面是单词本身的语义结构比较简单。当然，两种语言中存在着差异的“对等”单词也有不少，例如：从语义上来讲，“杯子”并不完全对等于 “cup”，而是对等于 “cup + mug + glass +„”，“桌子”的对等表达是 “table + desk”，从感情色彩上来讲，“宣传”并不完全对等于 “propaganda”，“农民”并不完全对等于 “peasant”，“地主”也并不完全对等于“landlord”。
(二)成语
7)cut in a joke 插科打诨 8)speak one's mind 畅所欲言 9)be after one's own heart 称心如意 10)at one's finger-tips 了如指掌 11)fish in troubled waters 混水摸鱼 12)thousands upon thousands of 成千上万 13)in deep water 水深火热 14)turn up one's nose at 嗤之以鼻 15)skin and bones 皮包骨头 16)touch and go 一触即发 17)from the cradle to the grave 一生一世 18)hit the nail on the head 一语道破
19)充耳不闻 turn a deaf ear to 20)出人头地 be head and shoulders above other 21)吹毛求疵 pick a hole in sb’s coat 22)破釜沉舟 burn one's boat 23)大惊小怪 make a fuss about 24)大海捞针 look for a needle in a bundle of hay 25)颠倒黑白 talk black into white 26)得意忘形 have one's nose in the air 27)攀龙附凤 worship the rising sun 28)大发雷霆 hit the ceiling；fly into a rage 29)骑虎难下 ho1d a wolf by the ears 30)视而不见 turn a blind eye to 成语的对等是从3个方面体现出来的，一个是比喻意义，一个是比喻形式，再一个是感情色彩。三者中比喻意义是最重要的，当三者发生矛盾时，我们得优先保留比喻意义。感情色彩的对等同比喻意义的对等几乎同样重要。如果感情色彩不对等，这条成语就肯定不能用。至于比喻形式，能对等则应尽量对等，实在对等不了，就应当机立断，大胆放弃。
(三)谚语
31)Look before you leap． 三思而后行。32)Make hay while the sun shines． 趁热打铁。33)There is no smoke without fire． 无风不起浪。34)Ill news travels fast． 恶事传千里。35)Practice makes perfect． 熟能生巧。36)欲速则不达。More haste，less speed．
37)出门一里，不如家里。East and west，home is best．
38)拉入篮里就是菜。All is fish that comes to the net． 39)皇天不负苦心人。Everything comes to him who waits． 40)小巫见大巫。The moon is not seen when the sun shines．
谚语和成语一样，其汉英两种语言中的对等大多数也是从比喻意义、比喻形式和感情色彩等3方面体现出来的。同样，比喻意义的对等是最重要的，是翻译中必须做到的，感情色彩的对等几乎是同等重要，不可忽视，在保证这两方面的基础上，再来考虑比喻形式的对等。有不少谚语根本不包含比喻，也就不存在比喻形式的问题。有的谚语虽有比喻形式，但其比喻并不明显，去寻求这种形式上的对等翻译意义不大。
(四)英译汉句子翻译实例
41)I took the news with a grain of salt．我对这个消息半信半疑。
42)Unless you’ve got an ace up your sleeve，we are dished．除非你有锦囊妙计，否则，我们是输定了。
43)He went through fire and flood to save his mother．他赴汤蹈火去救他的母亲。
44)You have a lucky star above you．你真是福星高照.45)She is now between the devil and the deep sea on this matter.她在这个问题上真是进退维谷。
46)He is reaping what he has sown．他这是咎由自取。
47)She is an easy-going woman．She always throws her cares to the winds．她是个大大咧咧的女人，总是把忧愁抛至九霄云外。
48)That fellow is always fair without but foul within．那个家伙总是口蜜腹剑。49)That little girl has a ready tongue．那个小姑娘真是伶牙俐齿的。
50)The light-fingered gentry frequented these shops．梁上君子经常光顾这些商店。
上面10个例句中的原文都包含1条英语成语，而且都非常形象。10个译文都成功地使用了对等译法，都用对等的汉语成语进行翻译，不但做到了比喻意义和感情色彩的对等，而且尽可能做到了比喻形式的对等。成语与翻译
一、英语成语汉译
英语成语以其精辟、形象、生动等特点，牢固地确立了它在英语中的重要地位。无论是在书面语言中，还是口头语言里，英语成语都发挥着越来越显著的作用，其数量正在日益扩大、其质量也在不断升华。因此，英语成语的汉译已成为翻译工作中的突出问题。
译好英语成语并非易事。请看下面一例：
He was in the seventh heaven last night．误译：1)他昨晚到七重天去了。(七重天宾馆?)2)他咋晚去极乐世界了。3)他昨晚见上帝去了。4)他昨晚升天了。5)他昨晚归西了。
6)他昨晚见马克思去了。
„„ „„
许多人把in the seventh heaven同“升天”、“死”的概念联系起来。这是由望文生义而引起的理解错误。Longman Dictionary or English Idioms对这条成语所作的释义是“(not formal)in a state of great happiness or contentment”(非常高兴的，非常愉快的，非常满意的)。这条成语同宗教有关，七重天是指上帝和天使居住的天国最高层。言下之意，人能身居天国最高层、与上帝同处，自然是非常愉快的。因此，这条成语汉译时一定要从“愉快”、“高兴”的意义出发，如：“欢天喜地”、“欣喜若狂”、“喜出望外”、“大喜过望”、“兴高采烈”、“乐不可支”、“其乐无穷”、“心花怒放”等。
再看一个in the seventh heaven汉译的例句：
The children are in the seventh heaven with their new toys．这些孩子因有了新的玩具而欢天喜地。
接下来，我们通过英语成语的特点来探讨一下英语成语的翻译。
英语成语可分两类。一类是平铺直叙的，既无很深的含义，也无难解的典故，只是用词与搭配相对地固定。如：
1)knit one's brow 皱眉头
2)last but not least 最后但不是最不重要的一点 3)laugh in sb's face 当面嘲笑
4)lay sth to heart 把某事放在心上 5)have pity on sb 同情某人
对这类成语，我们只需从字面上去理解，翻译起来不会给我们带来什么问题，直接照字面译就是了。
另一类英语成语，有着相当明显的比喻意义，其中不少有着一定的历史或神话典故。这类成语中，有一部分因使用范围广、历史久，其字面意义和比喻意义都能为中国读者所接受。如：
1)Trojan horse 特洛伊木马——比喻暗藏的敌人或危险 2)tower of ivory 象牙之塔——比喻世外桃源 3)sour grapes 酸葡萄——相当于阿Q精神 4)Sphinx's riddle 斯芬克司之谜——比喻难解之谜
5)as wise as Solomon 像所罗门一样聪明——比喻非常富有智慧 6)the fifth column 第五纵队——比喻间谍 7)a Judas kiss 犹大之吻——比喻背叛行为 8)crocodile tears 鳄鱼眼泪——比喻假慈悲 9)wash one's hands of 洗手不干——撒手不管
10)new wine in old bottles 旧瓶装新酒——旧形式不适合新内容
对这部分英语成语，我们可以直接翻译它们的字面意义，因为一般中国读者都能理解这部分成语字面意义后面的比喻意义。
这一类英语成语中的另一部分，由于其文化背景的缘故，中国读者还不能通过它们的字面意义来理解它们的比喻意义。如：
1)in a pig's whisper 低声地；顷刻间 2)draw blood 伤人感情，惹人生气 3)hang on sb's sleeve 依赖某人，任某人做主 4)hang on sb's lips 对某人言听计从 5)make a monkey of 愚弄
6)to be full of beans 精神旺盛，精力充沛 7)bend an ear to 聚精会神地听，倾听
8)get cold feet 开始感到怀疑、胆怯或害怕 9)a skeleton at the feast 扫兴的人或东西 10)bury one's head in the sand 采取鸵鸟政策
对这部分英语成语，我们可以避开其字面意义，直接译出它们的比喻意义，以便中国读者更好地理解和接受。
英语成语有不少在比喻上同汉语成语非常相似，我们完全可以用这些相似的汉语成语来翻译英语成语。如：
1)burn the boat 破釜沉舟 2)castle in the air 空中楼阁 3)a bolt from the blue 晴天霹雳 4)six of one and half a dozen of the other 半斤八两 5)after one's own heart 正中下怀 6)one's hair stands on end 毛发倒竖 7)kill two birds with one stone 一箭双雕 8)show the cloven hoof 露出马脚 9)hang by a hair 千钧一发 10)kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 杀鸡取卵
大多数英语成语是无法在汉语中找到比喻相同或相似的对等成语的。但英汉成语之间形异却意同的对等现象有许多。翻译时，我们也不妨采用这些对等成语。如： 1)have an axe to grind 别有用心 2)talk through one's hat 胡言乱语 3)to be as poor as Job 家徒四壁 4)neither fish nor fowl 不伦不类 5)no respecter of persons 一视同仁 6)leave no stone unturned 千方百计
7)hole and corner 偷偷摸摸；鬼鬼祟祟 8)a fly in the ointment 美中不足 9)by the skin of one's teeth 九死一生 10)call a spade a spade 直言不讳
同一条英语成语，我们可根据具体的上下文，译成许多同义的汉语成语：如： 1)reap what one has sown 自作自受；自食其果；自掘坟墓；飞蛾扑火；
咎由自取；玩火自焚；惹火烧身；作茧自缚 2)be on tenterhooks 坐立不安；如坐针毡；局促不安；心乱如麻；
心烦意乱；七上八下；六神无主；手足无措
多条同义英语成语也能找到多条对等的同义汉语成语，这自然在很大的程度上增加了翻译的灵活性。如：
fish in the air 水中捞月 cry for the moon 挑雪填井 plough the sands 扬汤止沸 make a wild-goose chase 缘木求鱼 hold a candle to the sun 钻冰求酥 catch at shadows 以冰致蝇 lash the waves 以狸饵鼠 beat the air 隔靴搔痒
最后，我们讲一下翻译英语成语时很重要的一点：切莫望文生义。有一些英语成语同一些汉语成语和习惯说法，在形式上非常相似，使我们一读到这些英语成语，立刻就联想到那些汉语成语或习惯说法。其实，两者之间形似意不似，貌合神离。如： 1)pull sb's leg 误译：拉后腿
正译：愚弄某人，开某人的玩笑
2)move heaven and earth 误译：翻天覆地
正译：想方设法，千方百计 3)child's play 误译：儿戏
正译：简单的东西，容易的事情 4)eat one's words 误译：食言
正译：承认自己说了错话
5)dog-eat-dog 误译：狗咬狗
正译：残酷争夺，人吃人的关系
由此可见，翻译英语成语决非易事。我们既要做到理解正确，又要注意表达得体；既要提倡使用对等的汉语成语，又要防止望文生义、生搬硬套。
二、汉语成语英译
汉语成语的定义为：言简意赅、生动形象、比一般词语有着更强的表现力、历来为人们所喜欢用的一种精粹的语言材料。汉语成语结构稳定，绝大部分以四字格形式出现，约占百分之九十七。以四字格为主体的汉语成语不少于一万条，在政论、文艺、科技等文体中都起着极其重要的作用。在汉英翻译中，汉语成语的处理自然是一个不可忽视的问题。
以前曾有人把“胸有成竹”翻译成“have a bamboo in his stomach”，这是事故?还是奇迹?闹了一场不小的笑话。其实，这条成语很难从字面上进行翻译。它出自苏轼原语，意思是说，画家在画竹之前，先必须在脑子里产生竹的形象，比喻在做事之前心里已经有全面的考虑。对这条成语，我们只能译出它的比喻意义：“to have a well-thought-out plan before doing sth”，也可用一条意义相等的英语成语来套译：“to have a card up one's sleeve”。
哪些汉语成语可根据其字面意义翻译?哪些只能翻译比喻意义呢?这完全取决于汉语成语的字面形式和比喻形象能否为译文读者所接受。例如，“胸有成竹”译成“have a bamboo in his stomach'’，不用说外国读者无法理解，就是我们了解汉英两种语言与文化的人也不能接受。因为译文所产生的形象与原文的比喻并不一致。
我们再来看一条汉语成语翻译的实例： ’
黛玉道：“跌了灯值钱呢，还是跌了人值钱?你又穿不惯木屐子。那灯笼叫他们前头点着；这个又轻巧又亮，原是雨里自己拿着的。你自己手里拿着这个，岂不好?明儿再送来。——就失了手也有限的，怎么忽然又变出这‘剖腹藏珠’的脾气来!”(曹雪芹：《红楼梦》，第四十五回)“Which is more valuable，lamp or man? You're not used to wearing pattens．So get them to carry the horn lantern in front and take this one yourself，since it's handy and bright and meant to be used in the rain． Wouldn't that be better? You can send it back later．And even if you drop it，it won't matter．What's come over you suddenly that you want to ‘cut open your stomach to hide a pearl’?”(translated by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang)“剖腹藏珠”直接按字面译成“cut open your stomach to hide a pearl”，原文中“为了一点小利益而牺牲大利益”的形象比喻，在译文中也是那样的栩栩如生，完全能为译文读者所接受，使他们获得了英语对等成语-“penny wise and pound foolish”同样的效果。
由此可见，如果英文读者能像中文读者一样，从汉语成语的比喻中获得正确而又生动形象效果，我们便可采用像上例“剖腹藏珠”那样的直译方法。
下面的英译按原文的字面翻译，其比喻效果同原文一样生动，译文使读者能很快联想起英文中的对等成语。如：
1)竭泽而渔to drain a pond to catch all the fish(相当于kill the goose that lays the golden eggs)2)打草惊蛇to stir up the grass and alert the snake(相当于wake a sleeping dog)3)易如反掌to be as easy as turning over one s nano(相当于as easy as falling off a log)4)玩火自焚to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself(相当于fry in one's own grease)5)挥金如土to spend money like dirt(相当于spend money like water)6)掌上明珠a pearl in the palm(相当于the apple of one's eye)7)对牛弹琴to play the lute to a cow(相当于cast pearls before swine)8)守口如瓶to keep one's mouth closed like a bottle(相当于keep a still tongue in one's head)9)雪中送炭to send charcoal in snowy weather(相当于help a lame dog over a stile)10)画蛇添足to draw a snake and add feet to it(相当于paint the lily)不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语，但它们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义。如：
1)声东击西to shout in the east and strike in the west 2)刻骨铭心to be engraved on one's heart and bones 3)井底之蛙to be like a frog at the bottom of a well 4)调虎离山to lure the tiger from the mountain 5)口蜜腹剑to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted 有些汉语成语并没有形象的比喻意义，它们的字面意义也就是它们的实际意义。对这些成语，我们当然可以采取字面翻译。如：
1)劳苦功高to have spent toilsome labour and won distinctive merits 2)屡教不改to fail to mend one's ways after repeated admonition 3)罕不可破to be so strongly built as to be indestructible 4)攻其不备to strike sb when he is unprepared 5)史无前例to be without precedent in history 在不影响原义的前提下，我们应尽量采用这种按字面进行翻译的直译方法来处理汉语成语，从而更好地传达出原文的形式、意义和精神。
然而，汉语成语并非每条都能按字面翻译。有些成语的比喻形象是译文读者所不能接受的。如果把“眉飞色舞”死译成“his eyebrows are flying and his countenance is dancing，这势必会贻笑大方，使译文读者不知所云，莫明其妙。我们可根据该成语的实际意义灵活地翻译成“to beam with joy”。再看下面的译例： 1)粗枝大叶to be crude and careless(死译：with big branches and large leaves、2)无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness(死译：to get into every hole)3)扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated(死译：to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath)4)灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious(死译：with red lights and green wine)5)纸醉金迷(a life of)luxury and dissipation(死译：with drunken paper and bewitched gold)6)开门见山to come straight to the point(死译：to open the door and see the mountain)7)单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth(死译：with a solitary spear and a single horse)8)大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale(死译：to make a great array of flags and drums)9)海阔天空(to talk)at random(死译：with a vast sea and a boundless sky)10)风雨飘摇(of a situation)being unstable(死译：The wind and rain are rocking．)有一部分汉语成语带着一定的中国文化背景，有的成语在字面上就含有中国古代的人名、地名，有的出自寓言或历史的典故。对这部分成语，字面翻译是无法为外国读者所接受的。如加上许多解释性文字，就失去了成语精粹的特点。我们最好的办法就是绕开其文化背景，译出其真正的内涵意义。
1)毛遂自荐to volunteer one's service(毛遂——战国时期人名)2)叶公好龙professed love of what one really fears(叶公——
中国古代传说中的人名)3)东施效颦crude imitation with ludicrous effect(东施——中
国古代一丑女的名字)4)南柯一梦a fond dream or illusory joy(南柯——中国古代传说梦中地名)5)四面楚歌to be besieged on all sides(楚——战国时期国名)6)锱铢必较to haggle over every penny(锱铢——中国古代重量单位)7)罄竹难书(of crimes)too numerous to mention(竹——中国
等国纸发明以前写字用的竹简)8)初出茅庐at the beginning of one's career(此典故出自《三国演义》)9)倾城倾国to be exceedingly beautiful(此典故出自《汉书》)10)悬梁刺股to be extremely hard-working in one's study(此典故出自《战国策》和《汉书》)
有许多汉语成语和英语成语在意义上是对等的，我们可用英语成语来翻译这部分汉语成语，给译文读者一种生动感和亲切感。如：
1)小题大做make a mountain out of a molehill 2)赴汤蹈火go through fire and water 3)洗心革面turn over a new leaf 4)七颠八倒at sixes and sevens 5)横行霸道throw one's weight about 6)大发雷霆blow one's top 7)过河拆桥kick down the ladder 8)乳臭未干be wet behind the ears 9)格格不入be like square pegs in round holes 10)魂不附体jump out of one's skin
还有这种情况，多条词义汉语成语里的任何一条可用对等的多条同义英语成语中的任何一条来翻译。如：
左右为难 between the devil and the deep sea 进退维谷 stick in the mud 骑虎难下 between the horns of a dilemma 左支右绌 between two fires 跋前踬后 in a fix(dilemma／quandary／predicament)羝羊触藩 in a cleft stick 不上不下 at a nonplus ．
进退两难 hold a wolf by the ears 无所适从 with one's back to the wall 莫衷一是_ between Scylla and Charybdis 总而言之，翻译汉语成语时，为了保留原文形象，能直译则尽量直译，即按字面翻译。不能直译时，我们不能因词害义，应该翻译其实际意义。如能在英文中找到意义完全对等的成语，我们也可采用这种套译法。一般说来，正规文体中，汉语成语多采用形象的逐字翻译，非正规文体中，多采用简洁的大意翻译。
第三篇：口译
口译高频词汇
亚太经合组织APEC 石油输出国组织OPEC 东盟ASENA 上海合作组织SHCO 北西洋公约组织NATO 方兴未艾hasn't run its full course 礼仪规范etiquette patterns 政府换界government reshuffle 政企分开separate governmental functions from business operation 技术改造technological upgrading 康复中心rehab center 西气东输transport the gas resources from the west to the eastern coastal cities 南水北调channel the water resources from the south to the thirsty north 借此机会on this occasion 盛情邀请gracious hospitality 深层次的原因the underlying reasons 拜访老朋友结交新朋友renew old friendships and establish new contacts 逐步淘汰phase out, 逐步引进phase in 招商引资 attract investments(from overseas)政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏 Governments set up the stage, various departments cooperate and enterprise put in the show.知识产权 intellectual property rights 致命要害 Achilles' heel 智囊团、思想库 the brain trust;think tank 中华世纪坛 China Millennium Monument 众口难调 It is difficult to cater to all tastes 综合国力 comprehensive national strength 抓住机遇 seize the opportunity 一言既出，驷马难追 A real man never goes back on his words.以经济建设为中心 focusing on the central task of economic construction 有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律 with lofty ideals, integrity, knowledge and a strong sense of discipline 与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market;become integrated into the global market 欲速则不达 Haste does not bring success.撞了一下腰knock into my waist搂住某人的腰hold sb by the waist 邂逅encounter 优化出口商品结构rationalize the export mix 产业结构industrial structure/能源结构energy mix 制定相关法律lay down/formulate a set of laws.颁布enact 立足中国，放眼世界take our root in China, and cast our sight to the world 在过去的几十年in the past several decades 国情national circumstances 全面推向现代化的进程中in an all-out drive for its modernization 基本国策a fundamental state policy 本着互惠互利精神in the spirit of mutual benefit 世人many people of world over 本末倒置put the cart before the horse 高度关注watch with interest 硕果累累yield more fruits in days to come 造福于民in the service of your people 既可耻又势利a shameful piece of snobbery 酗酒成性drunk brute 巴结cozy up to 个人主观能动性inpidual initiative 骄傲荣幸be proud and honored 字面意思literally means 翻了两番quadrupled 双方优势最大化maximizes he strengths of both parties 幅员辽阔massive land 自然资源丰富abundant natural resources 投资意向investment proposal 起步embark on 外汇储备foreign exchange reserve 权益关系the relation of rights and interest 合作期限the term of partnership 正合我意coincide with my ideas 大有收获a rewarding day 远道而来come all the way from 据说it is said that 正确的看法correct observation 特价special offer 月票monthly pass 穿梭于两地间的航班shuttle and commuter flights 获得诺贝尔奖的Nobel prize winning 自暴自弃的self-defeating 空谈futile talk 强制性化验mandatory testing 公务为先的心态the get-down-to-business first mentality 商务活动business practices 归属感a sense of belonging in a community 利与弊merit and demerit 气象万千persity 民间组织non-governmental sector 文明的摇篮cradle of civilization 共同愿望a common aspiration 祝酒propose a toast 贸易集团trade bloc 政经一体化political and economic integration 远未能满足需求a far cry from meeting demands 相对来讲comparatively speaking 美妙音乐splendid music 融洽的气氛congenial atmosphere 热情雄辩的讲话gracious and eloquent remarks 不受外力干扰free of outside interference 嘉宾distinguished guests 明月当空moon-lit evening 全体同仁delicates 从百忙中拔冗光临take your time off your busy schedule 新春联欢晚会new year celebrating party 尽情品尝taste to your heat content 美酒佳肴cuisine and vintage wine 万事如意very best of lick of everything 借鉴merits one’s reference
分工协作pision of responsibilities 拿固定工资的人pocket-protected people 付出惨重的代价take a heavy toll 性价比versioning 重视地位status-conscious 毗邻akin to / adjacent to /admit of / in the neighbourhood of 没有确定答案的问题 opening questions 得寸进尺give aninch take a mile 转租sublet;租房房东letter 紧缩资金fiancial retrechment 让人心动eye-poping 张灯结彩festoon with lights 足疗师chiropodist 人才流失brain drain 隔墙有耳pitcher have ears 每天都活得精彩make every day counts 一笑而过grin and bear it 将人才收入麾下attract the right talent into their folds 绝妙图景marvelous picture 凄美beautiful and sad 尖端武器sophisticated weapon 色彩斑澜的城市生活sophisticated city life 不坐班no office hour 桃面朱唇rosy cheeks and red lips 眼前利益immediate yield 立杆见影instant effect 研究结果显示research findings show 竭诚seeks to 坦诚相待be honest and candid to each other 说梦话talk in sleep 钟点工accommodator 差旅费fares tickets 恍然大悟enlightening 攀登rise up to the heights 讲到心坎里echo te sentiments among the staff 历史源远流长a time honoured history 永不言败的精神作风never-say-die approach 回顾过去展望未来look forward look backward 求同存异seek common ground and put aside our differences 达成共识reach an agreement 推陈出新accumulation and innovation 金融英语词汇“译”网打尽（转）
account number 帐目编号 depositor 存户 pay-in slip 存款单 a deposit form 存款单
a banding machine 自动存取机 to deposit 存款
deposit receipt 存款收据 private deposits 私人存款 certificate of deposit 存单 deposit book, passbook 存折 credit card 信用卡 principal 本金
overdraft, overdraw 透支 to counter sign 双签 to endorse 背书 endorser 背书人 to cash 兑现
to honor a cheque 兑付 to dishonor a cheque 拒付 to suspend payment 止付 cheque,check 支票 cheque book 支票本 order cheque 记名支票 bearer cheque 不记名支票 crossed cheque 横线支票 blank cheque 空白支票 rubber cheque 空头支票
cheque stub, counterfoil 票根 cash cheque 现金支票
traveler's cheque 旅行支票 cheque for transfer 转帐支票 outstanding cheque 未付支票 canceled cheque 已付支票 forged cheque 伪支票 Bandar's note 庄票，银票 banker 银行家 president 行长
savings bank 储蓄银行 Chase Bank 大通银行
National City Bank of New York 花旗银行
Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行
Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行 Banque de I'IndoChine 东方汇理银行
central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行 bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行 commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行 member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行 discount bank 贴现银行 exchange bank 汇兑银行
requesting bank 委托开证银行
issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行 advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行 negotiation bank 议付银行 confirming bank 保兑银行 paying bank 付款银行
associate banker of collection 代收银行 consigned banker of collection 委托银行 clearing bank 清算银行 local bank 本地银行 domestic bank 国内银行 overseas bank 国外银行 unincorporated bank 钱庄 branch bank 银行分行
trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行 trust company 信托公司
financial trust 金融信托公司 unit trust 信托投资公司
trust institution 银行的信托部 credit department 银行的信用部
commercial credit company(discount company)商业信贷公司（贴现公司）neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所 credit union 合作银行 credit bureau 商业兴信所 self-service bank 无人银行 land bank 土地银行
construction bank 建设银行
industrial and commercial bank 工商银行 bank of communications 交通银行 mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行
post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行 mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行 industrial bank 实业银行 home loan bank 家宅贷款银行 reserve bank 准备银行 chartered bank 特许银行 corresponding bank 往来银行
merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行 investment bank 投资银行
import and export bank(EXIMBANK)进出口银行 joint venture bank 合资银行 money shop, native bank 钱庄 credit cooperatives 信用社 clearing house 票据交换所 public accounting 公共会计 business accounting 商业会计 cost accounting 成本会计
depreciation accounting 折旧会计 computerized accounting 电脑化会计 general ledger 总帐
subsidiary ledger 分户帐 cash book 现金出纳帐 cash account 现金帐
journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐 bad debts 坏帐 investment 投资 surplus 结余
idle capital 游资
economic cycle 经济周期 economic boom 经济繁荣
economic recession 经济衰退 economic depression 经济萧条 economic crisis 经济危机 economic recovery 经济复苏 inflation 通货膨胀 deflation 通货收缩 devaluation 货币贬值 revaluation 货币增值
international balance of payment 国际收支 favourable balance 顺差 adverse balance 逆差 hard currency 硬通货 soft currency 软通货
international monetary system 国际货币制度 the purchasing power of money 货币购买力 money in circulation 货币流通量 note issue 纸币发行量 national budget 国家预算
national gross product 国民生产总值 public bond 公债 stock, share 股票 debenture 债券
treasury bill 国库券 debt chain 债务链
direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇 indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇 cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率
foreign currency(exchange)reserve 外汇储备 banker 银行家 president 行长
savings bank 储蓄银行 Chase Bank 大通银行
National City Bank of New York 花旗银行
Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行
Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行 Banque de I'IndoChine 东方汇理银行
central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行 bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行 commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行 member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行 discount bank 贴现银行 exchange bank 汇兑银行
requesting bank 委托开证银行
issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行 advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行 negotiation bank 议付银行 confirming bank 保兑银行 paying bank 付款银行
associate banker of collection 代收银行 consigned banker of collection 委托银行 clearing bank 清算银行 local bank 本地银行 domestic bank 国内银行 overseas bank 国外银行 unincorporated bank 钱庄 branch bank 银行分行
trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行 trust company 信托公司
financial trust 金融信托公司 unit trust 信托投资公司
trust institution 银行的信托部 credit department 银行的信用部
commercial credit company(discount company)商业信贷公司（贴现公司）neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所 credit union 合作银行 credit bureau 商业兴信所 self-service bank 无人银行 land bank 土地银行
construction bank 建设银行
industrial and commercial bank 工商银行 bank of communications 交通银行 mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行
post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行 mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行 industrial bank 实业银行 home loan bank 家宅贷款银行 reserve bank 准备银行 chartered bank 特许银行 corresponding bank 往来银行
merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行 investment bank 投资银行
import and export bank(EXIMBANK)进出口银行 joint venture bank 合资银行 money shop, native bank 钱庄 credit cooperatives 信用社 clearing house 票据交换所 public accounting 公共会计 business accounting 商业会计 cost accounting 成本会计
depreciation accounting 折旧会计 computerized accounting 电脑化会计 general ledger 总帐
subsidiary ledger 分户帐 cash book 现金出纳帐 cash account 现金帐
journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐 bad debts 坏帐 investment 投资 surplus 结余
idle capital 游资
economic cycle 经济周期 economic boom 经济繁荣
economic recession 经济衰退 economic depression 经济萧条 economic crisis 经济危机 economic recovery 经济复苏 inflation 通货膨胀 deflation 通货收缩 devaluation 货币贬值 revaluation 货币增值
international balance of payment 国际收支 favourable balance 顺差 adverse balance 逆差 hard currency 硬通货 soft currency 软通货
international monetary system 国际货币制度 the purchasing power of money 货币购买力 money in circulation 货币流通量 note issue 纸币发行量 national budget 国家预算
national gross product 国民生产总值 public bond 公债 stock, share 股票 debenture 债券
treasury bill 国库券 debt chain 债务链
direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇 indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇 cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率
foreign currency(exchange)reserve 外汇储备 foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动 foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机 discount 贴现
discount rate, bank rate 贴现率 gold reserve 黄金储备
money(financial)market 金融市场 stock exchange 股票交易所 broker 经纪人 commission 佣金 bookkeeping 簿记 bookkeeper 簿记员
an application form 申请单 bank statement 对帐单 letter of credit 信用证 strong room, vault 保险库
equitable tax system 等价税则 specimen signature 签字式样
banking hours, business hours 营业时间
第四篇：口译
河北联合大学
翻译硕士基础口译期末作业
专 业 ： 英语翻译 班 级 ： 2013级研10班 姓 名 ： 李楠（女）学 号 ：
2013218111
口译课心得体会
这一学期很快就要结束了，首先要感谢雪玉老师在口译课中对我的指导与帮助，谢谢雪玉老师，您辛苦了！通过这一学期的学习，我收获了很多。对口译这门课程或者说这一概念有了更深的了解，学习到了更多的理论，得到了更多的练习和锻炼，自己的各个方面都有所提高；也找到了自己在口译这一方面的缺点和不足，知道了自己在这一方面还有很多要学习和提高的方面。
首先，口译员的角色是桥梁，应该懂得双方的真实意义，找到自己的正确位置，翻译时一定要用第一人称。其次，还要明白口译与笔译的区别：工作环境不同，工作方法不同，反馈形式不同，质量标准也不同。最后，口译员首先应具备三个支柱：双语能力即听说能力，言外知识包括百科知识和专业主题知识，口译技能包括口译听辨、记忆、笔记等技能；其次，口译员还需具备口译工作的心理和身体素质，如出色的记忆力、快速的反应力等，并且要有跨文化交际的意识，以及良好的口译服务职业道德。这些都是以前我没有深刻体会过的，通过这一个学期的学习，我对口译这一领域有了全新的理解，知道了口译不仅仅是国际会议中的翻译才能称之为口译，只要有了这一翻译过程，就可以称之为口译，比如联络口译，陪同口译，社区口译，法庭口译，医疗口译等等。我以前曾经认为反正我肯定不会成为一名口译员，所以这些我不需要锻炼和练习。但是通过这一学期的学习，我懂得了口译的种类之后，我知道了自己也有可能会扮演口译员的角色，而对于口译员的能力要求我更是差得很远，但是这一个学期的练习和锻炼之后，我的听说译能力都有了很大的提高。
在这一学期中，在雪玉老师的指导下，我学习了很多的口译理论，涉及了各个方面的英语新闻，做了很多的口译笔记，学习了很多和口译方面有关的知识。首先，理论方面有释义派的理论，还有著名口译研究者Gile 提出的口译理解公式等等。这些理论使我能够更好的进行英语口译，提高自己的能力，找到自己的不足之处。这些理论让我明白听力理解对于口译很重要，对于记忆力要求很高，准备言外知识要充分。其次，口译笔记和听力理解方面有很多自己要学习、积累、加强的方面。笔记很重要，但也要正确的对待笔记存在的意义，要知道笔记是要辅助记忆力的，所以要学会记笔记。而提到笔记我不得不提的就是听力理解，要知道口译不是以前自己做听力题，口译不仅要听懂主要的意思，还要记得相关的细节，这些同样重要，因为口译员是桥梁。这两方面是我应该提高的方面，词汇量需要提高因为它是提高听力理解能力的基础，大量的练习是必须的，而涉及各个方面的新闻扩充自己的百科知识也是必不可少的一方面。
通过写这些心得体会，让我了解到自己这一学期的收获和不足，也为我下学期的学习指明了方向。听力理解和笔记方面虽然有所提高，但是还需不断加强练习，不断巩固；词汇量需要继续扩充，各类新闻应多多涉猎，扩大自己的视野；口语有所提高，但是一些音还需不断练习。综上所述，希望老师对我的分析和总结进行指导和批评，谢谢老师！
第五篇：口译
o o
He was stoned last night.他昨晚受到攻击。他被石头砸。他摔伤了。他昨晚喝醉了。
解释：stoned 是俚语，此处为“醉的”（意为喝醉或被麻醉品麻醉）。本例不是被动句，因为stoned是形容词，做表语。
o 下列哪个是“妻管严”一词最好的翻译：
henpecked
afraid of one's wife controled by one's wife inferior to one's wife
o brown sugar 白砂糖 红糖 糖果 冰糖
解释：brown sugar：红糖
o 深圳经济特区
Special Economic Zone for Shenzhen Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Economic Zone for Shenzhen the Special Economic Zone with Shenzhen
o quack可以用来比喻：
聒噪的人 庸医 吹牛皮的人 骗子
o AIDS的全称是Acquired Immune __________ Syndrome
Deficiency Disease Default Deform
o go to great lengths 是什么意思？
尝试做某事 竭尽全力做某事 行为怠慢，不加约束 达到很高的等级
o abortion 放弃 人工流产 滥用职权 废除法律
o cramp的意思是
抽筋 露营 碰撞
o think on one's feet
换位思考
头脑反应很快 站着思想 用脚思考
o “煎”的英语是：
stir-frying deep-frying pan-frying quick-frying
o life sentence 寿命
判处无期徒刑 没法解决的难题 尽心尽力的
o “资金”英语怎么说：
const money cash fund
o Never is a long word.这句话的意思是： never是一个很长的单词 别把话说绝了 一言难尽 不堪回首
o bend one's ear 喋喋不休 抓耳挠腮 耳濡目染 耳提面命
o age discrimination 年龄歧视 年龄分布 年龄特征
年龄大的弱势群体
o 转基因食品GM food中GM的全称是：
genetically moved genetically modified genetically made genetically modeled
o “消费税”的英语是：
consumer tax buying tax purchase tax cost tax
o Promise little,but do much.少许诺，多做事。求助，但不行.解释：少许诺，o habor _______（内心有着抱负，愿望）
inspirations restorations aspirations perspirations
o “黄酒”英语怎么说：
yellow wine yellow rice beer yellow rice wine yellow beer
o apportion 逮捕 犹豫 分配 归因于
o be all over sb 看不起某人 巴结某人 超过某人
o “第三产业”英语是：
third industry tertiary industry third sector tertiary sector
o 下降，数量或质量减少，情况变糟
go north go west go south go east
解释：go south 这个说法来源于地图上北下南的规定，所以go south可以用来代表任何下降、变坏的趋势。可以用来形容和某人的关系，经济走势，或者物品的变坏。eg.The stock market went south after a brief morning rally, o Chinatown是指：
中国镇 中国乡村 唐人街 中国城市
o real bomb 舞台上表现欠佳或失败 实物炸弹 正确投掷 成功
o be on the rocks 出现财政困难 搁浅 计划中止 进退两难
解释：eg.That company is on the rocks.那家公司财政困难会破产。
o The last thing they heard from the pilot was 'over and out'.其中over and out的意思是指：
你死定了 你被捕了 通话完毕 你可以走了
o 喉炎”用英文表示是：
laryngitis pharyngitis throatogitis bronchitis
o foie gras是下列哪道名菜：
鱼子酱 法式蜗牛 鹅肝 意大利面 o market access 市场准入 市场份额 市场经济 市场地位
o strictly for the birds 不重要，没有意思 一丝不苟 严格 有趣地
o “伤残保险”的英语是：
disability insurance retirement insurance unemployment insurance medical insurance
o CPC Founding Day 六一儿童节 建党节 中国航海日 端午节
o 你对“It's a good father that knows his son。”的含义是如何理解的呢？
就算不是最好的父亲，也能了解自己的儿子。就算是最好的父亲，也未必了解自己的儿子。就是不是最好的父亲，也不该不了解自己的儿子。他是个了解自己儿子的好父亲。
解释：英语当中有一些习惯用语，就像是我们的母语一样，但是对中国的孩子来说，这个将是学习上的更是理解层面的原因。这次提供的题目就是难倒了很多专业翻译的题目，试试你的语感吧，有的时候做这种题目需要的不仅仅是词汇量呀！！
o close to the vest 友好的 贴心的
小心谨慎不让别人知道 到达极点
o open dialogues 畅所欲言 开场白 公开对话 开幕式发言
o 保险箱的密码用英文表达是
password safe code password coded number
o “系主任”的英语是：
director dean president chairman
o job discrimination 工作歧视 职业操守 工作规范 就业压力
o
o capital punishment 死刑 经济制裁 罚款 监禁
o musty的意思是
发霉的 必须的 强大的 强权的
o close to the vest 友好的 贴心的
小心谨慎不让别人知道 到达极点 o 请问percolate的意思是
渗滤 观测 发牢骚 磨光
o a dandy idea
特别好的主意 爸爸的主意 主意 爸爸的想法
o relative 亲属、亲戚 监护人 长辈，前辈 晚辈，后辈
o She is a study in students.这句意为：
她是学生的典范 她在学生中学习她是研究学生的 她是学生的老师
o take sides的意思是？
站在一个地方 注意旁边 偏袒一方 做出选择
o “五言绝句”是：
Five-character quatrain Five-character octave Five-word poet Five-word octave
o fly off the handle 勃然大怒 开心到极点 攻击某人 幸运中奖
o 易受……伤害
vulnerable to liable to subordinate to subjective to
o start from scratch是什么意思：
从挠、抓开始 白手起家 坐吃山空 重头再来
o facetious是什么意思 匿名的 滑稽的 面部的 美容的
解释：facetious 滑稽的爱开玩笑的 facetious remark 滑稽的话
o “恶性循环”英文说法是：
bad circle vicious circle evil circle dangerous circle
o irritate 灌溉 与……混合 使……高兴、满足 激怒，使……生气
o 核战争
nuclear warfare great nuclear war war of nuclear nuclear with warfare
o irreversible 不可撤销的 不可预料的 不可见的，无形的 不可战胜的
o behind bars
被监禁；坐牢 在酒吧 打官司 在栏杆后面
o 达芬奇密码中提到的“五步抑扬格”英语是：
iambic pentameter five rhyme cadent five
iambic pentarhyme
o lose one's shirt
丢了衬衫 输掉衬衫 失去一切 摆脱累赘
o hula hoop 麻将卡 娃哈哈 计划表 呼啦圈 湖南 o industrious的含义是
勤奋的 顽固的 工业的 产业的
解释：industrious a.勤勉的,刻苦的;尤指由习惯养成或天性形成的勤奋。
o get your ass in gear 赶紧，别磨蹭了 坐好 适应
o off-season 退出，褪却 反季节，淡季
不分季节的，无季节性的 大反转
o xenophobia意为：
仇外 复印机 恐高症 恐水症
o Where there is a will, there is a way!有志者，事竟成。
哪里有意志，哪里就有出路。留得青山在不怕没柴烧 有希望就有道路
解释：由where引导的一种句型。
o blow your top 闹翻天 发脾气 折腾
o 倒立rising economy 新兴产业 经济增长 经济繁荣 高级产业
o “财政预算”英语怎么说：
fiscal budget financial budget economic budget monetary budget
o call it a day是指：
糟糕的一天 顺利的一天 就此结束 就此开始
o cut class 旷课 消减课程 提前下课 中断上课
o 岁月不待人
Tomorrow never comes.Gain time, gain life.Time and tide wait for no man.No pains, no gains.o Dutch courage是指：
酒后之勇 胆小怕事 为人强出头 受委屈不吭声
o His talent ____ beyond the conventional disciplines.stretched hitched fetched entrenched
o 京剧中的“净”英语是：
middle-aged male characters clown
male characters “painted face” characters
o a lay person 懒惰的人 外行人 躺着的人 内行人
o “京剧”的英语是：
Beijing opera Jingju Peking opera Chinese opera
o 交通卡用英文怎么说？
public transportation card a public transportation a publictransportationcard a public transportion card a public transportation card
o 以下哪个不是指“物质匮乏的人”？
the needy the have-nots the indigent the underprivileged
o be on the rocks 出现财政困难 搁浅 计划中止 进退两难
解释：eg.That company is on the rocks.那家公司财政困难会破产。
o 东方明珠塔
Oriental Pearl TV Tower Pearl TV Tower
Oriental Pear TV Tower
o “乌龙面”的英语是：
Eel noodles
Sesame paste noodles Seafood noodles Oyster thin noodles
o Don't fuss ______ such a minor matter.over at to on
解释：不要小题大做
o have an ear for 识时务者 对……有偏见 窃听，偷听 对某事有鉴赏能力
o 中华人民共和国的翻译
the People's Republic of China the country of China the china
the country of china
o moneybags 财主 钱袋 保险箱 银行
o get above oneself 趾高气扬 超过, 克服 获得成功 取得进展
o 西非经济货币联盟英文缩写是什么？
UE UEMOA ECOWAS EAC
o Read between the lines.是什么意思? 读书.每行之间.画线条.言外之意.o a horse laugh 偷偷地笑 哈哈大笑 不信任地嘲笑 笑到最后
o pay tribute to 表示敬意 关注 归因于 致力于
o May you live in interesting _____, May you find what you are _____.time/look for times/looking for time/looking for times/look for 解释：愿你生活的时代妙趣横生，愿你心中所想能美梦成真。
o rights and wrongs是什么意思：
行为准则 交通规范 事实真相 为人礼仪
o take one down a button-hole意为：
解扣子
刹一刹某人的威风 恐吓某人 谋杀某人
o 以下哪个不属于中医里所说的内伤七情？
worry surprise fear hatred
o strictly for the birds 不重要，没有意思 一丝不苟 严格 有趣地。
o potsticker 中头彩 家常便饭 大锅饭 锅贴
o swear not to stop 誓不罢休 誓不两立 决不停止 誓死
o a while back是指：
不久以前 很久以前 刚到家 短暂停留
o egg someone on 怂恿某人 胁迫某人 恐吓某人 打击某人
o “课外的”英语怎么说：
Extracurriculum outside class recreational amateur
o dock的含义不包含下列哪一个选项
码头 被告席 削减 甲板
o o
good things come in small packages 浓缩的是精华 好事齐分享
成功是一步步积累的
o break the ice 一词的中文释义是？
破冰
打破沉默(僵局)
让我想起了破冰之旅，用的就是这个词 打破规矩 很响的声音
o o
jet-lag 背包 时差 喷气式飞机 行李
解释：倒时差为get over the jet-lag o 与“Not see the wood for the trees ”意义不同的一项？
not see or understand the main point,subject 见树不见林
one is paying too much attention to details 见林不见树
o over easy 是什么意思？
暴露在太阳下 蛋黄向上，只煎一面 两面都煎一下 草鸡蛋
o an aging population 人口老龄化 人口激涨 人口过多 前辈，长辈
o “鸡飞蛋打”怎么说？
chicken fixings egg dance
fall between two stools terrible ending
o You are really a philosopher.这句话是说：
你真想得开
你是一个真正的哲学家 你讲话太无聊了 你总是对人说教
o（飞机等）相撞
tumble to stumble on coincide with collide with
o 专科学位
Master ’s degree Doctor’s degree Master ’s degree
Associate Bachelor’s degree
o _____ of the field of psychology（心理学这一领域的开创者）
sector factor originator motivator
o “综合性大学”英语是：
all-encompassing university overall university extensive university comprehensive university
o chain effect 连锁反应 负担，镣铐 负面影响 边际效应
o o
sea cucumber是：
海里的黄瓜 海带 海参 珊瑚
o said and done的意思是：
言行一致 说到底 遵守诺言 说大话
o “医疗保险”的英语是：
unemployment insurance medical insurance retirement insurance disability insurance
o employment competitiveness 就业竞争力 雇佣比赛 员工竞赛 雇佣竞争力
o shadow play意为：
皮影戏 木偶戏 哑剧 滑稽戏
o in one's birthday suit正确意思是：
身着盛装 穿新衣服 一丝不挂 穿着随意
o innate 人类的 仁慈的 精确的
天生的，固有的
o insolvent的意思是
无法解决的 溶解的 无偿还能力的 毅力
o o “大头贴”英语怎么说：
big-head photo photo sticker small photo instant photo
o 就......来看
Judging by the current situation as it says with respect to
according to the present situation
o “牡蛎细面”的英语是：
Seafood noodles Sesame paste noodles Eel noodles Oyster thin noodles
o heirloom的意思是
继承人 传家宝 织布机 鬃毛
o scratch the surface 开始了解 刚刚学的翻译成浅尝则此 趴在上面 刮掉表皮 难以理解
o 车费
fare fee outlay tip
o facetious stories 可以替换facetious的词是
sarcastic ridiculous factual humourous
o “虚拟现实”在英语中是：
false reality pretend reality mock reality virtual reality
o bear in mind that 考虑到，记住，不忘 忍到极点 沉思
o “up and up”的意思是什么？
活泼的 上进的 诚实的 没事找事的
o 京剧中的“丑”英语是：
middle-aged male characters male characters clown
“painted face” characters
o white collar
白领
不是冤家不碰头 白抓 白色衣领
o criticism that came out of the blue中的out of the blue为何解？
消沉沮丧 极为严格 很有见地 突如其来
o stethoscope的含义是
望远镜 潜望镜 地动仪 听诊器 o “飓风”的英语是：
cyclone typhoon hurricane tornado
o a bird of passage 小人物 过道里的鸟 候鸟，过客 快递
o “患者”可以用下列哪个选项的单词来表示？
sufferer diseaser patience painstaker
o appliance 申请书 强烈愿望 恳求
工具，器具
想一想家电怎么说
o sweet water
糖水
淡水 果汁
o o
豆腐渣工程
jerry-built projects
soybean curb residue works loose projects high risk projects
o specialized course是指：
选修课 专业课 基础课 必修课
o
思？ Which is more important, book knowledge or experience？是什么意书和经验哪个更重要？
书本知识是和经验哪个更重要？ 难道书本知识会比经验更重要？ 难道经验会比书本知识更重要？
o 请问alimentary canal的意思是
消化道 辅道 跨海隧道 附加频道 o means of production是什么意思：
生产力
生产关系 生活资料 生产资料
o “初级职位”用英文表达是：
entry-level position primary position initial position
o primitive positionclam up 保持沉默 保持静止 保持冷静 保持低调
o “煎”的英语是：
stir-frying deep-frying pan-frying quick-frying
o at arm's length 使劲揍 给力 保持距离 武装起来
o “建筑面积”的英语是：
building area floor area storey area plot area
o foot the bill 爬山 付账 预定酒席 赖账
o overture是指：
音诗 前奏曲 序曲 交响诗
o authoritative 权威的，官方的 官僚主义的 不敬神的，亵渎的 纪念的，怀念的
o Zen是什么意思：
忍 禅宗 人 真理
o high-flown 夸张的 高品质的 有野心的 高压的，专横的
o tonsil的意思是
咽 扁桃体 喉 腺
