第一篇：上外出版社《口译教程》汉英翻译参考译文

《口译教程》汉英翻译参考译文

Lesson 1 1.3 美国副总统复旦演讲

韩市长，非常感谢您！谢谢您做介绍时的友好言辞。今天我们很高兴来到这里。我和我夫人为有这次机会再次来到中国访问感到荣幸。感谢贵国对我们的欢迎，特别感谢复旦大学的热情接待。我们为此感到不胜荣幸，谢谢你们！我们此行带来了布什总统和美国人民的良好祝愿。

我知道在座的许多人很快就要从这所优秀的大学毕业。我听说贵校有极为严格的标准，得到复旦大学的学位代表着多年的刻苦攻读和自我约束。我祝贺在座各位学业有成。对各位老师坚持复旦大学99年追求卓越的传统我深表钦佩。

1.4 Speech by Wang Guangya at Princeton University Ladies and Gentlemen, Good evening.I am honored to be invited to your seminar tonight.For me, for my colleagues and for many other Chinese, Princeton has long been a familiar name.With a history longer than the country, it has produced many outstanding people, Woodrow Wilson, the 28th US president, Albert Einstein, the great scientist, and T.S.Eliot, the famous poet, to name but a few.As former president Bill Clinton said in 1996 at the celebrations for the 250th anniversary of Princeton, “At every pivotal moment in American history, Princeton, its leadership, faculty and its students have played a crucial role.”

I am more pleased to learn that all of you have a keen interest in China.Though our two countries are geographically far apart, we have a great deal in common in the everyday life.While many Chinese enjoy Hollywood movies and McDonald’s fast food, many Americans find that their clothes and daily necessities are made in China.I hope that today’s seminar will help you gain a better understanding of China and its foreign policy, thus deepening further our friendship and cooperation.1.5 新工厂落成典礼上的讲话

各位尊敬的来宾，女士们，先生们：下午好！

欢迎大家前来参加我们公司在中国的首家新厂房的落成典礼！感谢各位拨冗光临，与我们共同庆祝这一盛大的活动！我谨代表公司对今天来参加典礼的各位供应商、客户嘉宾、各位员工和业务伙伴说声“谢谢！” 公司管理层深深为我们的新工厂感到骄傲，我们能干的员工感到骄傲，他们发展了工厂的业务，使之达到国际水平。新厂房标志着公司对中国业务的重视和承诺。

各位供应商，我们希望与你们携手共进，使我们的业务更上一层楼。

各位经销商，我们将继续向你们提供尖端的高质量产品，以协助你们做好客户支持，改善中国和东南亚许许多多人士的生活。

各位邻居和朋友，我们将成为良好的企业公民，与各位同行一起维护在中国开展业务的规范性。最后，我们承诺给员工们提供一个安全、舒适的工作环境。再次感谢各位与我们共同庆祝今天的典礼！

Lesson 2 2.3 大提琴家马友友

今天将与我们见面的是我们这个时代最杰出的大提琴家马友友先生。作为大提琴演奏家，马友友的职业生涯已经跨越20多年，期间他发行了50多张专辑。他的音乐获得过许多奖项，其中包括令人叹服的14项格莱美大奖。他也曾在许多重要的场合演奏，如格莱美的颁奖仪式和奥运会的开闭幕式。

马友友是出生在法国的华裔，父母都是音乐家，母亲是歌唱家，父亲是作曲家。第一次正式登台演出的时候，马友友年仅5岁。4年后年仅9岁的马友友就在纽约极具声望的卡耐基音乐大厅登台演出，此时他已随家人移居到美国。此后马友友进入茱莉亚音乐学院学习提琴演奏，从那儿他又转入哈佛大学，并获得人类学学位。他在哈佛的求学经历以及多元的文化背景都造就了今天的马友友。

而今，马友友仍在继续他的音乐之旅，积极地与来自世界各地的各种流派的音乐家合作。他的音乐灵感受到人和大自然的激发。在马友友看来，大提琴是他的声带的延伸。他演奏时最重要的一点是自始至终全情投入，努力将音乐的内容传递给现场的观众。

2.4 CNN interview with Jet Li  祝贺《英雄》取得了成功。请问您在《英雄》中扮演的角色是否与你通常演的角色很相似呢？  It’s a very special part and a very special movie.I think it’s one of the most important action films in my life. 为什么你会这样说呢？你演过近30部电影，而《英雄》与其他影片有何不同呢？  Usually action films have a formula: A child whose parents have been murdered by bad guys tries hard to learn martial arts and he grows up into an outstanding Kongfu master.He takes revenge and kills the bad buys.But “Hero” has a much broader them. 就比如象《卧虎藏龙》？  No, it’s totally different.I think Ang Lee is a very very talented director.He uses martial arts to talk about love, you know.But Zhang Yimou tries to tell about Chinese culture, Chinese thinking and their inspirations about the world. 含义的确很深。我们知道你的处女作是1979年拍摄的《少林寺》，那时你还是个十几岁的少年。影片在亚洲引起了轰动，并且还加拍了两部续集。我想问的是，你使如何从一位武术冠军成为一名好莱坞的动作明星的？

 I think the most important thing is that when I was young, I learnt martial arts.That is my special key.I can use my unique martial arts skills in the film.I have been thinking about doing something different, like using martial arts to talk about peace and to achieve peace. 这听起来似乎是矛盾的，对吗？你是一位打斗者，却要谈“和平”？

《口译教程》汉英翻译参考译文

 That’s right, because Chinese culture is not just martial arts.That’s only the physical part.It’s not true that the Chinese people are all Kongfu masters and can just beat up people;and that they have no brains, no thoughts.As a matter of fact, we have a deep, strong and sophisticated philosophy.I feel I have the responsibility to share this information with the worldwide audience.Lesson 3 3.3 Steve Forbes on Forbes

我祖父二十世纪初来到美国，他离开苏格兰时身上没有什么钱。连他在内有兄弟姐妹10人，不过他自小受到很好的教育。像许多人一样，他也是满怀憧憬和理想来到美国的。** 他创办了《福布斯》杂志，报道那些实干家，那些给商业社会带来变革的人。

我祖父常说，做生意不是为了堆积百万财富，而是为了带来幸福快乐。如今我们讲到公司和经营，文章中会用到许多数字，但是焦点一直放在人上面。**对公司而言，最重要的是人，而不是资产负债表。以前我祖父是这样看的，我们现在也这样看。

** 当前世界信息泛滥，足以将人淹么其中，人们迫切需要一本刊物来解读这些信息，告诉读者哪些重要哪些可以不必理会。这就是《福布斯》的价值所在。我们提供额外的视角和判断。我们从不停留于表面，总想看看公司到底如何经营的，正是当今芜杂繁多的信息使得《福布斯》日益重要。

3.4 Introduction to an arts and crafts company Distinguished guests, dear friends: I feel honored to have this opportunity to introduce our company to you through the platform provided by this conference.Founded 15 years ago, we are a company specializing in the design, manufacture and sales of handicrafts.Fifteen years ago our staff numbered 50;now the figure is 1,700.Fifteen years ago we rented a facility covering a floor space of 4,500 square meters;now our own facility covers a floor space of 24,000 square meters.These figures speak loudly and clearly of our success.Our leading products are various architectural models, including exotic European cathedrals, the Empire State Building, the White House, and the Pentagon in the U.S., along with cartoon animal toys and Christmas gifts with a variety of designs.Our designs have become trend setters in the industry.Today, our products are sold worldwide in more than twenty countries including Japan, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, America, the UK, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Germany.They are well received by both local importers and customers.For fifteen years, our output value has maintained an annual growth rate of 30%.3．5 财富500强

45年来，〈财富〉杂志一直给美国的大公司排名，这就是一年一度的“财富500强”，有时也将前面的100名成为“财富100强”。上榜的公司基本上都是头年收入名列前茅的美国本土公司。财富杂志根据上市公司的公开数据来计算收入，未上市的公司没有列入，因为它们的股票没有公开发行。国外公司在美国的分公司也不参与排名。

“财富500强”公司是美国规模最大、利润最多、实力最强的公司。论收入，即使500强排名最后的公司也是才大气粗，如去年排名最末的公司收入也超过30亿美圆。

除了介绍美国公司的“财富500强”之外，〈财富〉杂志还推出了“全球500强”，给各国的上市公司排名。当然，由于美国经济在全球经济中的主导地位，许多“财富500强”的美国公司也高居“全球500强”排行榜。

〈财富〉杂志也推出其他排名，如“100家受雇条件最佳公司”、“100家增长最快的公司”等。比较各种排名看看哪些公司重复上榜，是很有意思的事情。比如，在“100家受雇条件最佳公司”榜上排名第一的公司可能根本不在“财富500强”之列，而排在“财富500强”和“全球500强”前列的公司，却上不了“最受人尊敬的公司”排行榜。也许甲壳虫乐队说得对——爱是不能用金钱买来的。

Lesson 4 4.3 西敏斯特大学介绍

非常感谢你们的盛情款待，我们很高兴来到这里与你们相聚。很遗憾校长先生今天无法前来，我谨代表他介绍一下我们的学校。

西敏斯特大学成立于1838年，是英国第一所工科大学，所以我们学校有着悠久的历史。我们的主校区位于英国首都伦敦市的中心地带。目前我们的学生来自132个不同国家，人数超过22，700。西敏斯特大学是全英最受国际学生欢迎的15所大学之一。

我们有教师700多人，还有来自各国的客座讲师1，000余人。学校的这种国际环境为学生日后将要面临的职业生涯做好了良好的准备，我们的宗旨是提供国内国际环境下高品质的教育和科研。

我们是一所现代大学，在诸多研究领域占据领先地位，其中包括传播、文化与媒体研究、法律、亚洲研究、语言学、艺术设计（含音乐）、电子工程、政治与国际关系等，我们的主要学科均获得高度的专业认可。

我们真诚地希望与贵校建立交流合作项目。

4.4 Preserve core values of the Lunar New Year To people of Chinese descent around the world, the Lunar New Year(also called Spring Festival)is undoubtedly the most important festival of the year.**Dating back 3,000 years, it celebrates the passing of a peaceful year and welcomes the new one.The reunion dinner, eaten on New Year’s Eve, is de rigueur, with members of the extended family gathering for the most

《口译教程》汉英翻译参考译文

significant meal of the year.Even the absent members will endeavor to return home in time for it.It underscores the supreme importance of the family in Chinese culture, and aims at strengthening the sense of togetherness and cohesion.The way people celebrate the New Year embodies two important core values.*The first value is the sense of family togetherness;members of multi-generation families are all there to have a big reunion dinner.Everyone will follow this custom.The female members are usually held responsible for preparing the dinner, and some rich families may take on extra hands.*The second value lies in the happy visits mutually made between friends and relatives, a good way to strengthen kinship and friendship.However, economic development has resulted in some changes in lifestyles.After a busy year, people are tired of preparing for the reunion dinner, and would rather hold it in posh restaurants, despite the exorbitant costs.The festival door-to-door visits have given way to New Year greetings via telephone or text messages.Some families go away for a trip or even go to such extreme as to seek temporary refuge in a hotel so as to avoid being visited.* Some tradition-minded people regard the reunion dinner and visits to relatives and close friends during the New Year as where core values are embodied, without which the holiday would lose much of its significance.Some pessimists contend that, as the popularity of western culture grows, Chinese traditional festivals will gradually lose their original meaning and degenerate into commercial festivals like Christmas.The Spring Festival is an important part of the Chinese cultural heritage, and it will continue to be celebrated.The modes of celebration may change, but the core value should be sustained: that of respect for kinship and friendship.4.5 中英教育交流

Q：My question is about educational exchanges.You mentioned in your speech that there are large numbers of Chinese students studying in Britain.As we know, it is extremely difficult to get a scholarship at a British university.But the tuition fees for international students far exceed these for home students.So we can not help wondering about the motivation of British universities in enrolling Chinese students.Is it to promote educational exchanges with China and to liven up campus life in Britain, or just for a commercial purpose? Thank you.A: 这实际上是出于多种考虑。我不否认有商业考虑，办大学也要花钱，不过教育交流是主要目的。奖学金难申请是因为钱要由政府出，有时候纳税人有意见，说政府应该把奖学金给本国学生而不是外国学生，所以很困难。

但是我们现在已经在扩大奖学金范围。事实上，过去几年，中国学生来英国留学人数大大增加了，这说明奖学金难归难，你们还是有办法来留学的。

我想教育交流在未来会非常重要，我也希望，每一次外国学生来英国学习，回去时就像是一个英国的大使，到他的国家为我们宣传，不管是在中国、俄罗斯还是哪个国家。所以我们在扩大教育规模，吸收更多海外留学生。所以你们继续申请奖学金，我们会尽力帮助的。

Q： Mr.Blair, welcome to Tsinghua University.I was deeply impressed by your support for Sino-British educational exchanges, but I was also sorry to learn that some universities in northeastern Britain have decided to cancel the major of Chinese Culture and Language, among them the University of Durham.Will this affect cultural and educational cooperation between our two countries? If so, what is your solution?

A: 讲到学校的课程，既然我听说了这件事，我打算回去看看究竟，不过大学做出这样的决定原因很多，也许是经济原因，或者是他们面临某种困难，这也是时有的事情。要把想做的事情办成，钱总是不够的。不过我也可以向你保证，我们会一如既往地欢迎中国学生来英国学习，就算杜伦大学没有合适的专业，其他大学也肯定有。

Lesson 5 5．3 温家宝总理在世界旅游组织第15届全体大会上的致词

Mr.Francesco Frangialli, Secretary-General of the World Tourism Organization, Ms.Louise Frechette, Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations, All Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen，At this October time when Beijing is offering us its charming autumn scenery in the freshest air and clearest weather, the th15 General Assembly Session of the World Tourism Organization is officially opened here.On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to extend our sincere welcome to all the guests here and to express our warm congratulations on the convening of this session.Tourism is a nice and pleasant activity that combines sightseeing, recreation and health care.Tourism has been developing with the times.Since the mid of the 20th century, modern tourism has been booming at a fast pace across the world.The number of tourists has been increasing, the scale of tourism industry has kept expanding, and the position of tourism in the economy has been rising.Increasingly, tourism serves as a channel for cultural exchanges, friendship development and varied communication.It exerts more and more extensive influence on human life and social progress.As a country with an ancient civilization and a long history, China is also a big oriental country full of modern vitality, blessed with a rich supply of unique and varied tourism attractions and resources.Besides the picturesque natural scenery，《口译教程》汉英翻译参考译文

profound history and extensive culture, China embodies the different folk customs of 56 nationalities/ethnic groups.Currently, 29 properties have been inscribed onto World Cultural and Natural Heritage List.With the reform and opening-up programs, China’s modern construction is surging ahead, and urban and rural areas are all experiencing daily changes.The ancient glory and modern boom combine most impressively to create favorable conditions for domestic and international tourism in China.The fist 20 years of the 21st century is a strategic period for China to accomplish the all-round construction of a well-off society and to speed up its socialist modernization.It also provides a favorable time for its further development of tourism industry.We shall promote tourism as an important industry in China’s national economy, properly protect and utilize our tourism resources and try to achieve sustainable development.The Chinese government welcomes all international friends to visit China.We shall do our best to protect their health and safety.Meanwhile, we will encourage more Chinese people to go abroad for visits.We are ready to develop extensive cooperation with other countries and contribute to global tourism growth.For many years, the World Tourism Organization has made active and effective efforts to gain tourism prosperity and development around the world.It has become a specialized agency of the UN.Here we would like to offer our sincere congratulations.We believe this WTO General Assembly session will give a major push to tourism in the world for greater prosperity and new development.Finally, I wish the 15th General Assembly Session of the World’s Tourism Organization every success.Thank you!

5.4 世界旅游组织简介

世界旅游组织是唯一接纳旅游经营者的政府间组织，它受联合国委托，在各国旅游业的宣传和发展工作中发挥核心作用。世界旅游组织成立于1975年，总部设在西班牙首都马德里。

世界旅游组织的宗旨是促进经济发展、国际了解、和平繁荣和对人权与人的基本自由的普遍尊重，并强调在贯彻这一宗旨时，要特别注意发展中国家在旅游事业方面的利益。

世界旅游组织的成员分为正式成员、联系成员和附属成员三类。正式成员是指所有的主权国家成员。联系成员指的是哪些不必负责外交事务的地区。这些成员需要经过为他们承担外交责任的政府的批准方可成为成员。

附属成员的范围十分广泛，包括直接从事旅游业或与旅游业有关的组织和企业，如：航空公司以及其他运输公司、饭店、餐馆、旅游批发商和零售商、金融机构、保险公司、出版集团等。

到202_年，世界旅游组织有141个正式成员国、7个联系成员和350个附属成员，他们代表着私营部门、教育机构、旅游协会以及地方旅游管理机构。

5.5 现代化与文化遗产的保护

主：Welcome to our studio.My first question is: how many years have you been in China? 宾：三年多了。我是202_年5月底来的。

主：3 years.I bet you have witnessed a lot of changes in China.Could you tell us your deepest impression of urban development in China? 宾：我恐怕只能就我所在的城市谈谈经验，不过从周边城市的所见所闻，我也会有同样的看法。所有的外国人都非常清楚地看到，中国和中国的许多城市都在快速地发展。我想在东部沿海城市更是如此。到处矗立着崭新的高楼大厦，马路变得更加宽敞。

主：What do you think of all these tall buildings and the widened roads? Do you think that these are signs of modernization? Are all these changes good?

宾：这个问题提得好，但是我觉得这是个相当复杂的问题。主：Why is it complicated? 宾：这个问题得从两个不同角度来谈。一方面是我作为一个外国人所期待的…… 我想看的，我感兴趣的和中国人想看的或者想让我看的肯定是不一样的。另一方面就是现代化与旧城文化保护相互冲突的问题。

主：Then let’s see what are the differences between a foreigner’s expectations and what the Chinese would like to see.宾：这个问题看来最好这么来谈，一般情况下，中国朋友带我们参观城市的时候，都是带我们去看现代建筑，比如机场、大桥、会展中心等等城市里最新的东西。但是外国人对老城区、小街小巷、古旧建筑更感兴趣，也就是那些使这个城市有别于我们所看过的其他城市的东西。一个外国人到过的其他地方可能比一般中国人多，所见过的机场和桥梁对他们来说没什么太大的不同，但是西安的庙宇他们就觉得有别于法国的教堂，更重要的是，中国城市的老房子更有别于英国城市里的老房子。

主：That is to say, foreigners are interested in the things unique in China, but there is a contradiction between modernization and preservation, as you mentioned just now from another perspective.The space of a city is limited;the old part of the city should be reconstructed, and in fact the new buildings are symbols of the prosperity of a city.Isn’t this a good thing?

宾：当然，繁荣与发展对你们来说是很重要的，对我们也是很重要（你们认为发展很重要，我也这么看）。问题是当一个国家发展的时候，人民的生活水平也随之提高，甚至可能提高很快。他们需要让别人看到这种变化的事实。你们似乎忽略了，对以前的事物需要加以保护，不止是保护那些庙宇或者宫殿，而且应该保护人们居住的房屋，保护老城区的原貌。

《口译教程》汉英翻译参考译文

文化遗产一旦遭到破坏，你们是无法挽回这种损失的。

主：You are quite right.People nowadays are starting to realize the importance of the preservation of heritage.Some local governments are making great effort to deal with the contradiction between development and preservation.Well, because of the limitation of the time, I’m afraid we have to stop now.Thank you ever so much for your coming to discuss this topic with us.We hope you’ll come again.Lesson 6 6.4.国际烟草控制公约

女士们，先生们：

首先，我要告诉大家一个好消息。一个以降低死亡与疾病主要原因为目的的公约刚刚生效。这个公约就是《烟草控制框架公约》，它是由世界卫生组织主持达成的第一个（具有法律效力的）国际公共卫生条约。

已经有160多个国家在公约上签字，签约国必须在各自国家批准该公约。迄今为止，已有近60个国家批准了该公约，** 然而只需40个国家批准即可生效。该公约在202_年2月27日生效。

各缔约国必须提高香烟和其他烟草制品的价格和税费，必须打击烟草制品的非法交易，必须采取措施减少公共场所被动吸烟等。公约还禁止烟草广告以及烟草商进行其他营销活动，但是这样的限制不能违背相关国家的宪法规定。

公约号召烟草公司公布用以制造香烟的所有材料，此外，健康警告所包含的信息不能使公众误以为某些香烟的危害程度比其他香烟低。专家告诉我们，所有香烟都是不安全的。缔约国还必须支持开展帮助人民戒烟的活动，应该开展告诫人们不要吸烟的教育活动。

世界卫生组织的研究表明，全球目前有烟民约10亿人，其中超过80%的烟民生活在发展中国家。经常吸烟的人有一半死于吸烟，每年世界上有近500万人因吸烟而死亡，专家指出，按照目前的增长速度，到202_年，这个数字将达到1，000万。

吸烟导致并增加患上各种疾病的危险，这些疾病包括癌症和心脏病。吸烟的孕妇可能伤害胎儿。最近研究提供了更多事实，证明孩子从小就吸入烟雾，长大后得肺癌的危险性增大。

《烟草控制框架公约》广受世界人民的欢迎，但是还需要制定补充性协议来增强其效力。比如，发展中国家贯彻公约需要资金的支持。对于那些没有贯彻执行的国家还没有处罚的条例，不过他们的表现记录将在联合国大会接受检查。

我的话完了，谢谢大家！6.5 艾滋病的防治

A：王先生，早上好！非常感谢您抽时间接受我们的采访。请您介绍一下中国目前艾滋病传播情况。

B：Well, in China, HIV/AIDS has become a very serious problem related to social development.There’ve been cases of people being accidentally infected with HIV/AIDS, through accepting contaminated blood from hospitals, babies acquiring the disease from their mothers, having improper sexual relationships.From the time we discovered the first AIDS patient in 1985, our country has entered a period of rapid increase in AIDS infections.Experts estimate that more than 900,000 people had been infected with HIV by the end of last year.If we don’t take some efficient measures, this number will double by 202_.A: 您认为增长这么快的主要原因在哪里？ B：First, because of poverty, people lack education and information about the prevention of HIV/AIDS.Second, ignorance.People do not pay much attention to this problem.Third, they lack proper resources, things like training, money and information.According to reports, we do not yet have an efficient medicine to cure HIV/AIDS.A: 政府已经采取了哪些具体的措施来控制艾滋病在中国的蔓延呢？有什么国际合作吗？

B：We have already got very strong support from the international community, especially on the technical side.And on the domestic front, we’ve recognized that making our people understand and raising their awareness is very important.So, common sense, health education and behavioral changes are the only way for people to avoid HIV infection.A: 贵国政府在发布警报以及增强公众对艾滋病传播危险性的认识方面一直都在怎么做？特别是在农村地区？您认为要解决这个问题还应该进一步做些什么？

《口译教程》汉英翻译参考译文

B: Firstly, I think the government should improve our monitoring system, and secondly, NGOs should try their best to mobilize all the resources we can use to help the people, especially people at the grass roots and the rural areas, to let them know the terrible results of the spreading of the disease and how to prevent HIV/AIDS.I think we should do more advocacy work among the people.A: 非常感谢您回答我们这么多问题。预祝你们在与艾滋病的斗争中取得成功。B：Thank you.Lesson 10 10.3 中与欧盟的关系

女士们、先生们、朋友们：

今天，我很荣幸给大家介绍欧盟的一些情况以及欧盟与中国的关系。

欧盟全称为欧洲联盟，是在欧洲共同体基础上由25个（27）独立的国家组成的，目的是为了加强政治、经济和社会合作。原来称“欧共体”或“欧洲经济共同体”。

目前的25个成员国是奥地利、比利时、丹麦、芬兰、法国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典、英国、塞浦路斯（希腊部分）、捷克共和国、爱沙尼亚、匈牙利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、马耳他、欧兰、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚。

欧盟25国总面积400万平方公里，接近半个中国的面积。总人口数为4.544亿，排行第三，仅次于中国和印度，约占世界总人口的7%。

欧盟统一货币为欧元，202_年1月1日正式启用。到目前为止，已经有12个欧盟成员国用欧元取代其本国货币。统一货币是旅行和价格比较变得容易些，它还为欧洲的商业往来、刺激增长与竞争创造了一个稳定的环境。

到目前为止，欧盟的国内生产总值逾10万亿美元。作为一个整体，这个规模与它的主要竞争对手美国差不多。经济总量和贸易总额分别占全球25%和35%。

欧盟与中国关系十分友好。今年5月欧盟与中国就建交30周年了。去年，欧盟与中国的进出口贸易总额达到2，000亿欧元。德国是中国最大的贸易伙伴，英国、荷兰名列第二和第三。

欧盟正抓住当前这一打好的历史机遇——团结曾经分裂的欧洲大陆，创造一个和平、稳定、民主的欧洲。这次欧盟的扩大还将创造一个几乎拥有5亿消费者的统一市场，这个市场饱含经济增长和不断繁荣的极大潜力。

我的话讲完了，谢谢大家！10.4 中国与东盟的关系

A: Excuse me, could you tell me when ASEAN was established? And how many member countries does it have now? B: 东盟于1967年8月8日成立，目前有10个成员国，它们是：文莱、柬埔寨、印度尼西亚、老挝、马来西亚、缅甸、菲律宾、泰国、新加坡和越南。

A: Besides these 10 member countries, ASEAN also always holds the 10+1, 10+3 meetings.Does it mean that ASEAN has some dialogue partners? B: 是的。东盟有10个对话伙伴，它们是澳大利亚、加拿大、中国、欧盟、印度、日本、俄罗斯、新西兰、韩国和美国。

A：What is the area that ASEAN covers? How many languages are spoken in this region? What is the total population? B: 东盟地区面积大约有450万平方公里，有14中官方语言和7种宗教。人口总数在202_年有5.12亿。

A: 4.5 million square kilometers is about half of China’s territory, such a big regional organization neighboring China.How is the relationship between ASEAN and China now?

B：东盟不仅在区域上面积广大，在经济、政治、科技上也是一个举足轻重的地区。所有的东盟成员国都是中国的友好近邻。自从上世纪90年代以来，中国与东盟的关系一直很好，政治联系日益密切。

A：Can you give some data?

B: 在中国与东盟的关系中，经贸。科技方面的合作是基本的组成部分。1994年的贸易总额从120亿增加到235亿美元，其中中欧广告的出口是109.2亿美元，进口123.6亿美元。双方的相互投资过去几年也不断增加。东盟在劳动力合作和项目开放方面已经成为中国的重要市场。中国和东盟已经同意用8年的时间创建世界人口最密集的自由贸易区。

A：The relationship is very good economically, but how about politically? B：东盟是一个非常活跃的地区性组织，在发展相互了解与互信、捍卫地区国家间的和平与发展起到非常积极的作用。中国与东盟的友好合作证明，国家无论大小，他们可能有不同的历史背景、社会制度、发展水平、文化传统以及价值观念，但是只要他们遵守和平共处五项原则，他们一定会和谐共处，共同发展。

10.5 Diplomatic work for the people

It is true that we have been making every effort to serve the purpose of doing diplomatic work for the people.On the international stage, in order to do good and practical things for the people, we have to rely on our friends.In this regard, Chinese leaders have played an exemplary role.They have made many good friends for China in the world.Last year, President Hu Jingtao, Chairman Wu Bangguo of the National People’s Congress, Premier Wen Jiabao and Chairman Jia Qinglin of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference visited a total of 34 countries.During their short yet tightly scheduled visits, they conducted extensive activities.Last year alone, we received 29 visiting heads of state, 23 heads of government and 42 foreign ministers.《口译教程》汉英翻译参考译文

In addition, different departments and industries across the country have been engaged in other diplomatic activities so as to make friends for the motherland and do practical things for the people.The inter-parliamentary, party-to-party and military-to-military diplomatic activities between China and other countries are fairly active, and a large number of Chinese NGOs are also active players in the international arena, such as the Chinese Youth League, the All China Women’s Federation and the All China Federation of Trade Unions.Many Chinese cities have also established twin-city relations with their foreign counterparts.At present, China has 235 diplomatic missions abroad staffed with over 5600 people, of whom 3200 are from the Foreign Ministry.Ambassador Sun Bian, who was recently named as one of the top 10 figures inspiring China most in 202_, is one of the best representatives of the Foreign Ministry.Recently, I came across a group of figures from a western newspaper.Let’s take a look at them together to see whether the “China threat theory” makes sense or is nothing but ridiculous nonsense.In 202_, the defense expenditure of the US was US$455.9 billion, accounting for 3.9% of its GDP, while that of China in the same year was only RMB 211.7 billion, making up 1.6% of China’s GDP.The US defense expenditure was 17.8 times that of China.In 202_, the per capita defense expenditure in the US was US$1540 while that of China was about US$20, with the US figure being 77 times that of China.In 202_, the US defense expenditure accounted for 47% of the global total, exceeding the total of the other 25 countries in the world with the largest defense expenditures.The figure was also 3.5 times the total sum of the defense expenditure of the other four permanent members of the Security Council.China follows the road of peaceful development.To maintain peace is both the starting point and the purpose of Chinese diplomacy.I believe that all those who respect the truth will see China a staunch force for peace in the world.

第二篇：中级口译教程 课后汉英翻译

1.This is a fantasitic airport, absolutely one of the top-notch international airports.这个机场太美了，绝对是一个顶尖的国际机场。

2.I'm very bad with a jet-lag.But I'll be all right in a couple of days.我倒时差很慢，但两天后自然就恢复了。

3.I'd like to have a 7 o'clock morning call, breakfast sent up to my room, laundry done, some documents photocopied, an express mail sent out, and something like that.我要早上7点钟叫醒，早餐送我房间，衣服要洗烫，文件要复印，邮件要快递，诸如此类的事情需要服务。

4.We all maneuvered successfully to get our job done, so to speak.可以说我们每个人都成功地使我们的使命得以完成。

5.Let's delight ourselves completely in the foods that Mother Nature grants us.让我们尽情享受大自然赐予我们的食物吧

6.You must be Prof.Tallack from London, If I'm not mistaken.我要是没有认错的话，你一定是从伦敦来的泰莱克教授吧？ 7.I'm manager of Human Resources, the Haitong Group.我是海通集团人力资源部经理。

8.We're very grateful that you took time from your busy schedule and came to our company to give us advice.感激您不辞辛苦，从百忙中抽空来我公司指导。

9.We'll hold a reception dinner in your honor this evening.今晚我们设宴为你洗尘

10.I have made a reservation for a double room with your hotel.And here's the confirmation letter.我在你们的酒店预订了一间双人房，有确认函。

11.You will have a good rate of 20% off when you make a reservation 10 days in advance.提前十天预订房间可以享受8折优惠。

12.We have many modern fitness facilities catering to the different needs of our goods.我们有许多现代化的健身设备可满足客人的不同需求。

13.Without Ms.Kelland's last-minute effort, we would still be in the middle of nowhere, probably in the middle of negotiations, I'm afraid.没有凯兰女士的最后努力，现在还不知道怎样呢，恐怕我们还在谈判之中呢。

14.Like all other Chinese regional cuisines, Benbang cuisine takes “color, aroma and taste” as its essential quality elements.It emphasizes in particular the expert use of seasonings, the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and original flavors.同中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色、香、味”三大要素，特点是注意调料的使用、食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。

15.These dishes are absolutely tasters' choice.I bet you will like them.Please help yourself to the dishes.这些菜绝对是首选，你一定喜欢。别客气，请随意。

16.I consider it a great honor to have you all here for this wonderful time of the year.Let us drink to the health, 各位能够赏光来此共度一年中的这个美好时光，我感到非常荣幸。让我们共同举杯，祝各位身体健康、事业有成、阖家幸福。

17.First of all, we'll take a bird's-eye view of the Park.And then we'll look around in the Park and, to ues a Chinese metaphor, we'll cast a passing glance at flowers while riding on the horseback.我们先来鸟瞰一下整个园区吧，然后在园区内各处转悠一下，用我们的话来说是“走马观花”。

18.The High-tech Park is authorized by the state government to approve projects with preferential policies, operating under the management system of international standards.高科技园区享有国家授予的项目审批权和优惠政策，是一个与国际管理体系接轨的经济区域。

19.The Park focuses on the integration of industry, education, and R&D and provides a stream-lined one-stop service for incoming enterprises.园区注重产业、教育和研发的整合，为引入企业提供一条龙服务。

20.To ensure the quality of the environment, we stick steadfastly to our development strategy of “attracting investment with a green environment and maintaining a green enviroment through investment”.As a result, the Park has a green coverage of more than 45%.为了确保环境质量，我们始终坚持“以绿引资、以资养绿”的发展战略，园区绿化率达到45%以上。

21.It's my great pleasure and privilege to have received your gracious invitation and work with a distinguished group of China's automobile specialists.我为自己能够受到贵方的友好邀请，与一组优秀的中国汽车专家合作共事而深感愉快和荣幸。

22.A growing number of American firms have been pouring into China's inland provinces, although coastal cities such as Shanghai and Tianjin are still among their first choices of investment with many foreign investors.虽然上海，天津这些沿海城市仍然是许多外国投资者的首选目标，但越来越多的美国公司纷纷涌入中国的内地省份。

23.I would like to discuss with you the possibilitis of establishing a joint venture with your company to manufacture progressive-scan DVD home theater systems of the latest model.我想同您商讨一下能否与贵公司合资建立一家企业，共同生产最新款式的逐行扫描DVD家庭影院系统。

24.I suggest that we should set up a board of directors for the management of the company and share rights and obligations as equal partners.我建立成立董事会来监管公司的运作，并以平等的伙伴关系分享权利，承担义务。

25.I cannot decide what exactly the phrase indicates.They failed to make any sense to me.我难以断定这个词究竟意味着什么。我未能理解其中的含义。

26.In our school, discussion is given top priority and seminar is the way of class.在我们学校，讨论具有至高无上的地位，讨论就是课堂教学的主旋律。27.The flexible and adaptable capacity makes a popular teacher among students.具有灵活应变才能的教师最受学生欢迎。

28.Confucianism sings high praises for inpiduals to uplift themselves for the benefit of communal harmony, that is, communal harmony takes precedence over inpidual freedom.儒家思想强调整体和谐，强调整理和谐高于个体自由。

29.I hope your wife will soon joint you here.The company will pay for all the needed expenses, including her international flight.我希望您太太能早日与你在此团聚，我公司会支付国际机票在内的一切费用。

30.The central government focuses a lot of attention on opening the country up to the outside world in all directions, including coastal cities and interior areas.中央政府很重视对外开放，不仅开放沿海城市，也开放内地，尽可能吸引外资。

31.Because direct foreign investment in China can maximize the strengths of all parties concerned, many overseas institutional and inpidual investors have found it more profitable to invest directly in China than to do trading business with Chinese companies.由于外国直接在华投资可以最大限度地发挥有关各方的优势，所以许多海外机构与个人投资者认为，他们在中国直接投资比同中国做生意更有利可图。

32.China is known for her massive land, abundant natural resources, cheap labor, low taxation, potential consumer market, stable social environment, attractive investment policies, and high economic returns of investment.中国幅员辽阔，自然资源丰富，劳动力低廉，税收低，消费者市场潜力大，社会环境稳定，投资政策诱人，经济回报率高。

33.There is variety of ways to invest in China.You may establish a joint venture with a Chinese partner or a company solely-funded by yourself, in which case you may manage your business in whatever way you prefer within the boundary of the Chinese laws, of course.在华投资的方式很多，你可以同中方合资办企业，也可以独资办公司，选择自己喜欢的方式经营，但不可超越中国法律。

34.When establishing a joint venture, the foreign partner usually brings into the enterprise capital funds, machinery, advanced technology and management, whild the Chinese partner supplies land, labor, and a portion of the funds for the infrastructure.投资兴办合资企业时，通常外方提供资金、机械设备、先进技术和管理方法，而中方则提供土地、劳动力以及部分用于基础设施建设的资金。

35.Let's get down to the business of establishing a joint venture.May I have some idea of your plan? For instance, how much would be your share of investment in this venture? 我们来讨论一下建立合资企业的事宜吧，您能告诉我您的设想吗？例如，您打算在合资企业中占有多少投资份额？

36.My suggestion for the investment share in this partnership is in the vicinity of 50 to 50, and the same applies to business management and profits share.我们之间的投资份额可以对半开，在经营管理责权和利润分配上也可对半开。

37.Let's say we begin with a 10-year term of a renewable partnership;We can extend our contract for another term before it expires, if both parties intend to.我们的合作期为10年，只要双方愿意，期满后我们还可以续签合同。38.Your idea coincides with mine.我们的想法不谋而合。

39.Shall we hold another round of talk next week focusing on some technical problems? 我们是否可在下周再举行一轮会谈，集中讨论一些技术性的问题？

40.As time is limited, we have to stop here today, but we'll find some other time to continue our talk.由于时间关系，我们今天暂且谈到这里，以后再接着聊吧。

41.This is basically a correct observation, which says something about the American way of life.这种看法基本正确，它反映了美国人的生活方式。

42.Each state has its own traffic laws, and a driver from another state is expected to know and understand the local laws.各州都有自己的交通法规，外州来的开车者应该了解当地的法规。

43.My country has the most developed car rental industry in the world, so you may very well want to reserve a car through your travel agent in your own country if you intend to drive while traveling in my country.我国有世界上最发达的租车业，你若打算在我国开车旅行，完全可以通过自己国家的旅行社办理租车预订事宜。

44.Airfare in this country is not very regulated, and airlines often make special offers in order to attact customers.这个国家没有统一的飞机票价，各航空公司经常以竞相削价的方式来吸引更多的旅客。45.It's actually easier to call a taxi company listed in the Yellow Pages of a telephone directory and ask them to send a cab to pick you up at your doorstep.事实上一种较为便利的做法是按电话簿黄页部分所列的出租车公司的号码打电话叫车，让他们派车上门来接你。

46.In the 25 years since the first reports of what we now know was AIDS, an entire generation has been born and come of age never knowing a world without the edipemic.自从25年前出现了首批有关艾滋病例的报告以来，整整一代人从出生起便生活在一个与艾滋病共存的世界里。

47.A massive educational compaign is the only thing conveivable at the moment that can help;to argue that this compaign is difficult, expensive and therefore impossible would be quite self-defeating.开展大规模的教育运动是目前唯一行之有效的手段，认为这种运动难度大，代价高而无法实施完全是一种自暴自弃的态度。

48.We'll have to convince people that they're better off knowing than not knowing the fact, because they can take whatever action available to treat the problem and control its infection with appropriate drugs.我们应该使人们相信，知情总比蒙在鼓里好，因为了解实情后我们便可以采取一切可以采取的措施来治病，用适当的药物来控制疾病的传播。

49.I think Chinese businesspeople tend to have business negotiations in a rather indirect manner, as opposed to the more direct style of American businesspeople, who are said to work with the get-down-to-business-first mentality.我认为中国人在商务谈判时倾向于使用一种迂回婉转的方式，而那些被认为在工作时具有一种“公务为先”的心态的美国人则往往表现出较为直截了当的作风。

50.he Chinese-type management encourage cooperation among employees, between the labor and the management, and gives employees a joy of participation and fulfillment, as well as a sense of pride in their work.中国式的管理方式鼓励员工之间的合作，也鼓励普通员工与管理人员之间的合作，使员工有一种喜悦的参与感和成就感，使他们对自己的工作产生一种自豪感。

51.I think most Chinese try to find the meaning of life through working in their jobs, and view work as essential for having membership in a community.我认为，大多数中国人想从工作中找到生活的意义，他们将工作视为能使自己成为团体的一份子的必不可缺的条件。

52.Put it in another way, many Chinese people regard as a prerequisite to gain social acceptance in the community.换言之，许多中国人认为工作是使自己得到社会认可的先决条件。

53.Songwriting is an expression of my personal experiences, and if people find that interesting, then that's the icing on the cake.歌曲创作是我自我体验的一种表白。如果人们觉得有意思，那就是锦上添花了。

54.It is said that the public transportation of American cities is not very disirable, isn't it? 听说美国城市的公共交通不尽如人意，有没有这回事？

55.When driving on expressways, the driver must control his or her speed within the range of the posted maximum and minimum speed.司机在高速公路开车时必须将自己的行车速度控制在标牌规定的最高限速和最低限速之间。

56.Surveys show that a majority of the public does not take a serious view of the AIDS epidemic.What do you think would be the best way to bring people to the awareness of the seriousness of the problem.调查结果表明，许多人对艾滋病的传播不以为然。你认为我们应该怎样做才能让人们意识到问题的严重性呢？

57.The American way of business practice often appears to us Chinese to be very aggressive.美式经营之道在我们中国人开来常常显得咄咄逼人。

58.We have to recognize and respect our cultural differences, so as to prevent any possible misunderstanding.我们应该承认我们之间的文化差异，应该尊重这些差异，以免产生误解。

59.I dedicated my debut album to my mother because she had a tremendous impact on my art career.我把首张专辑献给母亲，因为她对我的艺术生涯产生了巨大的影响。

60.Please describe your life in just three words and give some tips to the aspiring singers and songwriters.请你用三个词来总结一下自己走过的人生道路，并给那些想成为恪守和歌曲家的年轻人提些建议。61.Permit me first of all to thank you, our host, for your extraordinary arrangements and hospitality.首先请允许我感谢东道主的精心安排与好客。

62.Tkank you very much for your gracious words of welcome.This is a happy and memorable occasion for mei personally as wekll as for all the members of my delegation.我非常感谢您热情洋溢的欢迎词，对我本人以及代表团所有成员来说，这是愉快而难忘的一刻。

63.To come to China, one of the early cradles of civilization, has long been my dream and therefore, I fell very honored to be your guest.访问中国这一古老文明的摇篮是我梦寐以求的愿望，我为自己能成为贵国的客人而深感荣幸。

64.In accepting Your Excellency's gracious invitation to visit this great country, I have had an excellent opportunity to renew old friendships and extablish new contacts.我接受阁下的盛情邀请访问这个伟大的国家，这使我有良好的机会重温旧情，再交新友。65.I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality, for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.为中国人民所独有的，著称于世的款待，我谨向你们表示感谢。

66.We have acquired a keen sense of the persity, dynamism, and progress of China under the policies of reform and opening to the outside world.我们都已经强烈感受到，贵国在改革开放政策的引导下，气象万千，充满活力，不断进步。67.I have a special regard and personal friendship for the people of China, in which I never experienced anything other than the utmost courtesy and genuine friendship of your people.我对中国人民怀有一种特殊的敬慕之情和个人友谊，在这里我所感受到的是贵国人民的高度礼貌和诚挚友情。

68.Our friendly and cooperative ties have become extensive, affecting all aspects of our national lives, including industry, agriculture, commerce, culture, public health, education, and scientific and technological exchange.我们友好合作的领域十分广泛，已涉及我们国家生活的方方面面，如工业、农业、商业、文化、卫生、教育，以及科学交流领域。

69.I am looking forward, in the next few days, to the opportunity of learning something from your endeavors and experience in promoting economic and social development in the service of your people.我期待着在今后几天里能有机会向你们学习，从你们为造福贵国人民而促进经济和社会发展的奋斗和经验中学到一些东西。

70.We recognize that our differences are greatly overshadowed by issues which blind us and strengthen our relationship.我们已注意到，那些将我们联系在一起并且强化我们关系的东西已经在很大程度上弱化了我们之间的差异。

71.Our visit to your country is a symbol of the good faith with which we seek to build up the strength of our friendship, our cultural and commercial ties and our important strategic relationship.我们对贵国的访问是一种良好诚意的象征，我们怀着这种良好的诚意，希望能在友谊的基础上建立文化关系和商业关系，建立重要的战略关系。

72.It is obsolutely vital that all nations, big or small, strong or weak, should conduct their relations with each other on the basis of mutual respect, and equality and mutual benefit.所有国家，无论其大小强弱，都应该在相互尊重、平等互利的基础上处理相互间的关系，这一点是至关重要的。

73.We must frankly acknowledge the fundamental differences in ideology and institutions between our two societies.我们必须坦率地承认我们两个社会在意识形态和制度上的根本差异。

74.I have come to China not to hold forth on what pides us, but to build on what binds us, not to dwell on a closed-door past, but to urge us to look to the beautiful future.我来中国不是为了评说那些将我们分隔开来的东西，而是为了强化那些将我们维系在一起的东西，不是为了回顾闭关锁国的过去，而是为了敦促我们去展望前程似锦的未来。

75.I have always believed the heritage of our past is the seed that brings forth the harvest of our future.我一向认为，我们的历史传统孕育着未来的丰收。

76.Today, China's economy crackles with the dynamics of change, and you are beginning to reach out toward new horizons, and we salute your courage.今天，中国经济突飞猛进，日新月异。你们开始迈向新的高度，为此我们向你们表现出的勇气致敬。

77.Let the Pacific tide roll peacefully on, carrying a two-way flow of people and ideas that can break down barriers of suspicious and mistrust, and build up bonds of cooperation and shared optimism.让这股太平洋的浪潮平顺地滚滚向前，促进人民的双向交流，促进思想的双向交流，打破猜忌和不信任这两大障碍，建立合作关系，树立共有的乐观精神。

78.Let us start a long march together along different roads leading to the same goal of building a new world of peach and justice, a world in which all peoples may stand together with equal dignity, and a world in which each nation has the right to determine its own course of development.让我们沿着通往共同目标的不同的道路一起开始新的长征。这个目标就是建设一个和平与正义的新世界，在这个世界里所有人都可以站在一起享有同等的尊严，所有国家都有权选择自己的发展道路。

79.I'd like to take this opportunity to extend to Your Excellency an invitation to visit Canada, so that we will have an opportunity to return the warm welcome and generous hospitality you extended to us.我愿借此机会邀请阁下访问加拿大，以便使我们能有机会来回报你们给予我们的热情欢迎和盛情款待。

80.May I ask all of you present to join me in raising your glasses to the friendship and cooperation of our two peoples!我敬请各位与我一起举杯，为我们的友谊与合作而干杯。

81.On behalf of the general manager, and on behalf of all my colleagues of the company, I wish to thank you all for taking time off your busy schedule to come to our New Year's party.我谨代表总经理以及公司的全体同仁，感谢各位从百忙中拔冗光临我们的新年联欢会。82.I feel very pround tonight to have the attendance of the distinguished guests, who came here all the way from London to joint us in our celebration of the Mid-Autumn Festival.今晚我们请到了从伦敦远道而来的贵宾与我们一起共度中秋佳节，我为此而深感自豪与荣幸。

83.On behalf of all the members of my group, I'd like to thank you, Mr.Chairman, for granting us the gracious invitation to attend sucn an enjoyable Chrismas party.我谨代表我们一行的全体成员，感谢董事长先生的盛情邀请，使我们有幸参加这次精彩的圣诞晚会。

84.I'd like to thank you for your presence at the party, and wish everyone good health and the very best of luck in everything in the new year.我感谢各位嘉宾的光临，并祝各位新年身体健康，万事如意。

85.I hope this party will give us an opportunity to get to know each other better in a less formal way and to increase personal friendships.我希望这次晚会可以使我们有机会无所拘束地了解彼此，增进个人之间的友谊。

86.The party was perfectly organized and I enjoyed every minute of it.And I am very grateful for this nice arrangement.晚会组织得完美无缺，令人尽兴。对于这次美好的安排，我感激不尽。

87.I would like to toast with you to this happy occasion at the close of the year.让我们在这年终岁末之际，共同举杯，祝贺这喜庆佳节。

88.Armed with that faith, we should be able to embark undaunted upon the new year with all its challenges and chances.有了信念，我们将无所畏惧地跨入充满挑战和机遇的新的一年。

89.It has been a great year, a year in which our joint venture had a remarkable sales growth.I hope we will be able to maintain this practical cooperative relationship and make the new year a more fruitful year.今年我们合资企业的销售额显著增长，我希望我们能继续保持这种务实的合作关系，使明年的业绩更加辉煌。

90.May I hereby declare open “Chongqing International Symposium on Urban Construction” 现在我宣布“重庆城市建设国际研讨会”现在开幕。

91.Permit me, on behalf of the organizing committee, to extend a warm welcome to our guests of various circles, from home and abroad.请允许我代表筹委会的全体成员，向海内外各界来宾表示热烈的欢迎。

92.I wish to express our sincere thanks to the perple of the local education community, whose generous help has made possible the successful commencement of this conference.大会所在地的许多教育界人士对本次会议的成功召开给予了很大的帮助，对此我谨致以诚挚的谢意。

93.The conference is one of a pioneering endeavor and historic significance, one that will have a positive impact on the shaping of a new world order.这是一次具有历史意义的开拓性的会议，它对形成一个新的世界格局将产生积极的影响。94.I am certain that this annual meeting will prove to be constructive and significant in promoting the prosperous development of China's community service program as well as China's economic development and social stability.我相信本届年会对于推动中国社区服务事业的蓬勃开展，促进经济发展和社会稳定，具有积极的作用和意义。

95.Some developed countries and regions have accumulated much experience in the field of environmental protection, and their experience certainly merits our reference and study.一些发达国家和地区在环境保护方面积累了不少经验，值得我们借鉴和研究。

96.We will exchange views on cooperation in a wide range of areas and on the building of a new partnership in a friendly manner.我们愿在平等友好的基础上，就广泛领域里的合作以及建立新的伙伴关系交换我们的意见。97.I wish to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt thanks to the host for hosting this conference successfully.我愿借此机会向成功主办了这次会议的东道主表示衷心的感谢。

98.The rapid development of the situation places higher expectations on us, and it is imperative that we adopt a long-term strategy to plan our future cooperation.形势的迅速发展对我们给予了更高的期待，迫切需要我们高瞻远瞩，谋划双方合作的未来发展方向。

99.We should make us more influential in addressing major global issues through expanding dialogue and cooperation.我们要扩大对话与合作，提升我们在处理重大问题上的影响力。

100.I am convinced that China's reform, opening-up and stability will provide the business community of Asian and European countries with tremendous investment and trade opportunities, thus making posivive contributions to peace, stability and prosperity in Asia and the world at large.我相信中国的改革开放和稳定会给亚欧国家的商界带来可观的投资和贸易良机，从而为亚洲乃至全世界的和平、稳定与繁荣做出积极的贡献。

第三篇：英语专业口译教程unit2参考译文

英国女王202_ 圣诞致词

过去每年似乎都各具特点。一些年份让我们心满意足，一些年份则最好忘却。202_年对很多人来说都是艰难的一年，尤其是那些深受经济衰退之苦的人们。

我相信，我们所有人都受到阿富汗战事影响，为英军士兵伤亡感到悲伤。我们向这些士兵的家人和朋友表示慰问，他们面对巨大个人损失表现得无比高尚。

但我们应该为我们的士兵与盟友一道作出的积极贡献而感到骄傲。英国和包括加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰和新加坡在内的英联邦国家眼下共有超过1.3 万名士兵在阿富汗服役。我们对这些年轻士兵以及先前在阿富汗服役过的士兵表示深深感激。

今年是英联邦成立60 周年，今天其成员国25 岁以下人口超过10 亿，为它保持长久的强大和实力提供了力量源泉。

最近我刚刚参加了在特立尼达和多巴哥举行的英联邦政府首脑会议，听到联邦对年轻人是多么重要。新的通讯技术使他们能够接触到更广阔的世界，分享他们的经验和观点。对于许多人来说，英联邦的实际援助与网络可以提供技能，给予意见和鼓励进取。

令人鼓舞的是，我了解到一些年轻人正在做着一些事情，他们面对挑战，富于创造力和创新精神。

对关系到我们所有人的问题保持讨论很重要，它让我们的大家庭产生更大的价值。在英联邦成立以来的大部分时间里，我都同它联系紧密。

我珍视同各国领袖、人民之间在个人和生活上的紧密联系，这不单是象征意义上的，也能促进我们的团结。

英联邦并非只是一个具有某种使命的组织，更是一个让各国人民合作、解决实际困难的平台。在涉及我们生活的许多方面，不论是体育、环境、商业或文化，英联邦国家之间的联系生动活泼而且丰富多彩。在很多方面这展现未来的前景。随着不断的支持和贡献，我相信多元化的英联邦国家之间能加强超越政治、宗教、种族和经济环境的凝聚力。

众所周知，圣诞节是欢庆与家人团聚的时候，但我们也可以借这个时机反思那些国内外不幸者面临的困境。

基督徒接受的教义是要爱他们的邻居，有同情心，乐于慈善和志愿工作，以减轻贫困和弱势者的负担。

我们自己会面临一连串的困难和挑战，这些困难和挑战会令我们感到困惑，但我们绝不能停下脚步，而应该继续努力，为自己和他人创造更美好的未来。

不论你们现时身在何处，我都祝愿你们圣诞快乐！

美国第一夫人米歇尔· 奥巴马在英国伦敦伊斯灵顿伊丽莎白· 安德森女校的演（节选）

这是我的第一次出访，作为第一夫人的第一次外事出访。你们能相信吗？虽然这不是我第一次来英国，但我得说很高兴我的首次官方访问是来英国。美国和英国之间的特殊关系，不只是基于政府间的关系，还基于我们有共同的语言和价值观。看见你们大家就使我想到这一点。在访问期间我特别荣幸地会见了英国一些最出色的女性，她们在为你们所有女孩子铺路。

我也很荣幸见到你们这些英国和世界未来的领导者，尽管我们的生活背景好像相差很远，我是作为美国第一夫人站在这里，而你们还正在上学。

但我想让你们了解我们其实有很多共同之处。因为在我生命历程中没有任何东西曾经预示我会作为美利坚合众国的第一位非洲裔第一夫人站在这里。我的资历里没有什么东西能使我站在这个位置上。我不是被财富和资源养大的，也谈不上有什么社会地位。我生长在芝加哥市的南部，那个地方是真正的芝加哥。我出身于工人阶级。父亲一辈子是个市政工人，母亲是个家庭妇女。她待在家里照顾我和我哥哥。我父母都没上过大学。我爸爸正值壮年的时候被诊断患有多种硬化症。但就在他难以行走，而且早上难以穿衣的时候——我看着他挣扎得越来越厉害——我父亲却从来没有抱怨过他的困难。他对于自己拥有的一切心存感激。他只是起得更早一点，工作得更努力一点。哥哥和我在成长过程中得到了人生真正需要的一切：爱，强有力的价值观：以及一个信念：就是靠着良好的教育，还有大量的辛勤工作，没有什么是我们做不到的。

我个人的例子表明女孩子能创造奇迹，只要她们从生命最开始的时候，就受到周围人的爱护和教养。非凡的女性围绕着我的生活：祖母，老师，姨妈，表姐妹，邻居，她们教会我沉默的力量和尊严。还有我母亲，她是我生命中最重要的榜样，她和我们住在白宫帮着照顾我们的两个小女儿，玛丽娅和萨莎。她在孩子们和我的生活中都很活跃，并正在给她们灌输那些她曾教给我和我哥哥的价值观：同情心、正直、自信和坚定。所有这些都包含在无条件的爱之中，那是只有一个祖母才能给予的爱。

我也很幸运地从一些男性榜样那里得到珍爱和鼓励，包括我父亲、哥哥、叔伯和祖父。我生命中的男人们也教会我一些重要的东西。他们教会我互相尊重的男女关系应该是什么样子的。拥有一个牢固的婚姻是什么感觉：那是建立在信念和承诺之上，以及对彼此独特天赋的赞赏。他们教我怎样为人父母、养育家人；不仅要关注自己的家庭也要伸手去帮助养育更广泛的社区里的孩子。

我也在自己的丈夫身上寻找到同样的品质，他就是巴拉克· 奥巴马。在我们最初相识的时候，我记得，他带我出去约会，而约会内容是和他一起去开一个社区会议。是啊，够浪漫的吧。我们相识的时候，巴拉克是一个社区组织者。他的工作是帮助人家找工作，以及努力把资源带给有困难的邻里。当他同那个社区中心里的居民交谈的时候他谈到两个概念：“现实世界”和“理想世界”。我在竞选的整个过程中也谈到这些。他说，我们常常接受了这两种观念之间的差距；有的时侯我们满足于现实世界，即使它没有反映我们的价值观和愿望。但是那天巴拉克提醒了我们，包括在那间屋子里的所有人，我们都知道世界应该是什么样子的。我们都知道公平、正义和机会是什么样子的，我们全都知道。他敦促到会的人们，那个社区里的人们，使他们献身于缩小那两种观念之间的差距，一起努力把现实世界变成和理想世界一样。

我今天想起这些是因为我确信，在这所学校里，你们所有人都是缩小这差距非常重要的因素。你们是要建立理想世界的女性。你们将写出历史的下一个篇章，不只是为你们自己，而且是为你们这一代人以及未来的几代人。这就是为什么得到良好的教育是这么的重要。这就是为什么你们正在这经历的所有这一切—— 一切的成功与失败，所有的老师，无论你喜欢与否——都很重要，因为社区和国家，还有归根结底这个世界，它们的强大取决于其中女性的健康。记住这一点很重要。

我们知道你们能做到。我们爱你们。谢谢大家。

在“202_ 金融与重庆可持续发展研讨会”上的开幕致词

伦敦金融城市长陆毅安先生

尊敬的副市长先生，总领事先生，女生们、先生们：

今天很高兴跟各位一道启动“202_ 金融与重庆可持续发展研讨会”。非常感谢重庆市金融办和诺实公司的曹平先生对本次研讨会的赞助！几周前，我与全国人大外事委员会的几位委员进行了会晤，并聆听了全国人大环资委的资深委员杨庚宇先生讲述中国正在采取的节能减排措施。在实现可持续的低碳复苏方面，我们一致认为经济滑坡给了我们大家投资绿色技术并出台相应政策的机会，同时，我还要指出，这次机遇也肯定会给中国和英国创造大量的就业。

将这一切变为现实的诸多政策已经到位。这些政策包括：

●“英中可持续城市行动计划”，该计划是去年温家宝总理访问英国的时候签订的； ● 202_ 年英中峰会达成的在气候变化、低碳示范区和气候变化技术转让方面的协议； ● 中国“十二五”规划中的环境目标；

● 最近英国政府和重庆市政府签署的备忘录；

● 同时，英国政府还致力于跟中国政府紧密合作，解决任何突出的知识产权问题。

因此，我们非常希望利用这个契机让重庆成为21 世纪世界版图上致力于环保的中心城市。我们知道，一个重视提高能效和推广可再生技术的绿色财政刺激方案，在全球愈发认识到我们必须走向绿色的时候，肯定能有效地推动就业、刺激经济，并带来竞争优势。正如英国外务大臣几周前指出的一样：“绿色不再是议事日程上的一项议题，它就是整个议程。” 虽然接下来要采取的措施需要这次研讨会讨论决定，但这里我想说，英国非常愿意尽可能地为重庆提供必要的融资和技术上的支持，并且已经在这么做了。渣打银行与亚洲开发银行的能效提升计划就是诸多例子之一。

另一个案例则是诺实公司力推的极富想象力的“两河技术产业园”项目。根据其企划案，该项目在吸引高科技企业入园的同时，将帮助重庆实现在最近双方签署的“重庆－英国可持续城市备忘录”中提出的城乡协调发展的目标。

当然，“两河技术产业园”项目还需要重庆市政府的最终批准，而且，我们很高兴看到该项目迅速得到了重视。这是好消息！

女士们，先生们，我们任重而道远！双方的良好意愿已经以备忘录和政策的形式得以体现，现在需要的就是具体落实！谢谢大家！

斐济总理沃雷恩盖· 姆拜尼马拉马上海世博会电视致词 致202_ 年中国上海世博会：

很高兴斐济可以和其他太平洋国家一同参加202_ 年上海世博会。202_ 年上海世界贸易博览会是一个极好的机会，它将227 个参加这次世界文化盛会的国家聚集在一起，探索并分享各国的宝贵创新与经验。毫无疑问，今天世界正见证着一个巨大的成功，一个至少会吸引全球七千多万访客的盛大博览活动，一个以视觉、嗅觉、味觉、听觉、感觉来呈现各国文化魅力的展示平台。

此次博览会首次由一个发展中国家举办，而且规模如此宏大，体现了中国政府在筹备组织的带领指导下，奉献、担当与勤勉的精神。在此，我谨代表斐济，向为此次盛会成功筹备和举办而付出了不懈努力的中华人民共和国表示感谢与祝贺，代表我们代表团，向中国政府世博会的主办机构及辛勤努力的工作人员，表示最诚挚的感谢，感谢你们的帮助和奉献。我要祝贺你们团队，并保证太平洋国家馆将会尽展我们的祝愿和我们这个地区的独特之处，而斐济展台更将是一份独特的体验。我还想感谢中国主办机构提供的财政帮助。

这是一个让世界了解中国的有利时机，是发展并加强与各参展国之间合作关系的绝佳契机，斐济非常荣幸可以成为其中的一员。

这次博览会为我们提供的跨文化对话的创新和互动，集中体现了今年的主题“城市，让生活更美好”。这一主题体现了我们要改善身处其中的社会环境的追求，而科学技术的发展以及此次博览会的质量则反映了这一主题，并且提醒我们在提供人类基本需求的同时还应改善和丰富城市人民的生活。

能够参加202_ 年上海世博会是斐济以及其他太平洋岛国的骄傲，我们觉得我们也为此次博览会的成功作出了贡献。我相信202_ 上海世博会必将长久地留存于我们的记忆。

预祝博览会圆满成功，谢谢你们。奥巴马总统在欢迎胡锦涛主席访美仪式上的致词

各位早上好！胡主席、中国代表团的各位成员：我谨代表米歇尔，并以我个人的名义，欢迎你们光临白宫。我还要代表美国人民，欢迎你们访问美国。年前,也是在一月的一天，另外一位美国总统曾经站在这里，欢迎另外一位中国领导共同庆祝美国和中华人民共和国关系正常化这一历史事件。那一天，邓小平在讲话中谈到了我们两国展开合作的伟大前景。

如今回首1979 年的那个冬日，就可以明显地看出，在那之前的30 年里，我们两国彼此隔绝疏远；而其后的30 年，是我们不断交流和理解增长的年代；这次访问可以为今后30年打下基础。

当前，有些人对美中合作所带来的好处持怀疑态度，而这次访问也是展示一个简单真理的时机，那就是，对方的成功，对我们本方的利益是事关重大的。在一个相互关联的世界里，在全球经济中，各个国家，包括我们两国在内，齐心协力就会更加繁荣、更加安全。

美国欢迎中国作为国际社会强大、繁荣和成功的一员而崛起。的确，中国的成功给我们两国人民都带来了经济实惠，而我们在一系列问题上的合作也推进了亚太地区乃至世界的稳定。

我们也知道这一点：历史表明，当所有国家和人民的权利和责任，包括每一个人所享有的普世的权利得到维护时，社会就会更加和谐，国家就会更加成功，世界就会更加公正。

主席先生，我们可以向我们的人民学习，中国和美国的学生和教育家、企业界人士、游客、研究人员和科学家，包括今天在场的华裔美国人，每天都在并肩合作，共同努力。

他们知道，即使我们两国在某些领域彼此竞争，我们还可以在许多其他领域本着相互尊重的精神，为了我们共同的利益进行合作。

邓小平先生多年前说过的话仍然符合实际，我们两国合作的可能性依然十分广阔。胡主席，中国代表团的成员，让我们共同抓住这些可能性吧。欢迎来到美利坚合众国。欢迎！

Minister Cheng Deming’s Opening Address at the 6th China-ASEAN Expo Your Excellency Vice Premier Li Keqiang, Ladies and gentlemen, Today, we are gathered in the beautiful city of Naning to welcome a magnificent exposition, to enjoy the fruits of our partnerships and envision a promising common future.On behalf of the Ministry of Commerce of China, I would like to extend a warm welcome and heartfelt gratitude to the many old and new friends who have been supporting and participating in the 6th China-ASEAN Expo.China and the ASEAN are good friends, good neighbors and good partners.Recent years have seen our bilateral economic and trade ties breaking successive new grounds.We have worked together to build this platform of the China-ASEAN Expo, bringing benefits of investment and trade facilitation to the enterprises and people of this region and accelerating construction of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.We shall be very happy to see the launching of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area as scheduled in the beginning of next year.This FTA, as one of the largest of its kind in the world and benefiting 1.9 billion people, will push the China-ASEAN partnership to new heights.This year’s Expo, taking advantage of this strategic timing, will be more pragmatic in contents, more in-depth in cooperation and more wide-ranging in communication.It will surely contribute to the efforts of all parties to deal with the international financial crisis, promote investment and trade facilitation, tide over current difficulties and achieve mutual win-wins.I wish the 6th China-ASEAN Expo a full success and thank you all very much!Governor Jiang Jufeng’s Remarks at the Welcoming Banquet for the South Asia-Sichuan Regional Business Promotion Seminar Your Excellency Vice Chairman Yu Ping of CCPIT, Your Excellency President Annisul Huq of SAARC Chamber of Commerce, Ladies and gentlemen, Good evening!The Sichuan Provincial People’s government is hosting a reception banquet here tonight to welcome the distinguished leaders and guests attending the South Asia-Sichuan Regional Business Promotion Seminar.As a major province in West China, we in Sichuan will spare no efforts in promoting the friendly exchanges and common development between Sichuan and South Asian countries.I am convinced that the ever more wide-ranging and sincere and mutually beneficial cooperation between our two sides will be conducive to the regional common development, bringing more rewards to the people in Sichuan and South Asia.Presented at tonight’s welcoming banquet are leaders of the chambers of commerce of the eight South Asian countries, diplomats from your embassies and consulates and representatives of the business communities.May I wish you all pleasant conversations and new friendships at the banquet, and a wonderful stay in our beautiful province!To conclude, may I wish the South Asia-Sichuan Regional Business Promotion Seminar a great success, and all the guests here great health and good appetite!Thank you!Chief Executive Ho Hau Wah’s Toast at the Dinner Marking the 10th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Macao SAR Your Excellency President Hu Jintao and Madame Liu Yongqing, Distinguished guests, friends, Ladies and gentlemen, On the eve of the 10th anniversary of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, I am honoured to welcome again our leader President Hu Jintao to Macao and join us here tonight.First of all, on behalf of the Government and the citizens of the Macao Special Administrative Region, I would like to extend our warmest welcome and highest respect to President Hu and Madame Liu, as well as all leaders from the Central Government’s delegation.At the same time, let me extend our cordial greetings and heartfelt gratitude to all guests and friends present.In the past ten years, under the leadership and support of the Central Government, and with the coordinated efforts of our citizens, the Macao SAR Government rigorously upheld the Basic Law of Macao in the course of our governance, and was fully committed to the implementation of the principle of “one country, two systems”.Today, the stability of our society in Macao is ensured.Overall strength of our city is raised.The livelihood of our residents continues to improve.The building of our institution is gradually enhanced.The tradition of patriotism is passed on through generations.The successful implementation of “one country, two systems”, “Macao people governing Macao” and a high degree of autonomy has achieved early results.This has demonstrated the objective correctness and ample vitality of these principles.Dear guests, ladies and gentlemen, On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the Macao Special Administrative Region, we deeply feel the wisdom and bold vision of Mr.Deng Xiaoping who founded the great cause of “one country, two systems”.We also remember the encouragement entrusted to us by President Jiang Zemin on the first anniversary of Macao’s return to our Motherland.We will also never forget the arrival to Macao of President Hu Jintao on the fifth anniversary of the Macao SAR and his important four-point suggestion which has been giving us fundamental guidance.The ten-year course of development of the Macao SAR vividly shows that the successful implementation of “one country, two systems” in Macao relies on the unswerving concern and support from the Central Government and people all over the country.Here, I would like to extend our profound appreciation to President Hu Jintao, the Central Government and all Chinese people.I would also like to take this opportunity to thank President Hu and the Central Government for the trust and support bestowed on me.At the same time, allow me to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all citizens and civil servants in Macao for their understanding and support.The history of the Macao SAR will turn a new page tomorrow.I truly believe that under the leadership and support of the Central Government, our third term Chief Executive, Mr.Chui Sai On, will lead the new administration and the people in Macao to uphold the Basic Law and strive in unity in order to create a new wave of prosperity and harmony in Macao, and to bring the successful implementation of “one country, two systems” to the next new level.Ladies and gentlemen, May I now propose a toast, to the health of President Hu and Madame Liu, to the health of all guests and friends, to the prosperity of our motherland and the bright future of Macao.Cheers!President Xie Heping’s Introductory Speech Before Pakistan Prime Minister Aziz’s Talk at Sichuan University Your Excellency Prime Minister Aziz of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Your Excellency Vice Governor Huang Xiaoxiang of the Sichuan Provincial People’s Government, Your Excellency Mr.Luo Zhaohui, ambassador of the People’s Republic of China to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Faculties, students, Ladies and gentlemen, Today, we are extremely honored to have with us His Excellency Mr.Shaukat Aziz, Prime Minister of Pakistan and an old friend of the Chinese people.On behalf of Sichuan University, I would like to extend our most sincere gratitude and warmest welcome to Prime Minister Aziz and the other distinguished guests presenting here.Mr.Shaukat Aziz is a legend in both political and financial circles.He spent over 30 years in banking and finance in a number of countries including Jordan, the Phillipines, Malaysia, the United States and the UK.Since 1992 he served as Vice President of Citibank of America for 7 years.He was appointed as Pakistan’s Minister of Finance and in 202_, he became the Prime Minister of Pakistan.His rich experience and great wisdom in handling complicated problems have played a critical and profound role in promoting Pakistan’s social and economic development.During his tenure of office, Pakistan has enjoyed basic social stability.Pakistan’s industrial growth soared from 3.8 percent in 202_ to 14 percent in 202_.With an unprecedented annual economic growth rate of 8.4 percent, Pakistan ranks second in Asia, next only to China.With the new strategy of “open and moderate development” implemented in recent years, the Pakistani government has also made significant contributions to the international anti-terrorist campaign, world peace and stability and regional economic advancement.China-Pakistan friendship dates far back and runs a long course.The two countries have been treating each other with all sincerity and cooperating in a mutually beneficial manner, and this has set a good example to the state-to-state relations in the world.We are proud of our friendship, and cherish every moment of the communication and cooperation between the two countries.I believe Mr.Aziz’s speech today will open our eyes and broaden our minds, and will be of great significance to promoting our opening-up and regional social and economic cooperation.Now ladies and gentlemen, please join me in welcoming our honorable guest, His Excellency Prime Minister Aziz.Remarks by President HuJintao at the White House at the Official Arrival Ceremony Mr.President, Mrs.Obama, ladies and gentlemen, dear friends, it gives me great pleasure to come to Washington and pay a state visit to the United States at the beginning of the new year, at the invitation of President Obama.At this point in time, let me extend, on behalf of the 1.3 billion Chinese people, sincere greetings and best wishes to the people of the United States.I have come to the United States to increase mutual trust, enhance friendship, deepen cooperation, and push forward the positive, cooperative, and comprehensive China-U.S.relationship for the 21st century.Over the past 32 years, since the establishment of diplomatic ties, the China-U.S.relationship has grown into one with strategic significance and global influence.Since President Obama took office, with concerted efforts of the two sides, our cooperation in various fields has produced fruitful results and our relations have achieved new progress.This has brought real benefits to our two peoples, and contributed greatly to world peace and development.As we enter the second decade of the 21st century, the people of both China and the United States want to see further progress in our relations and people around the globe want to see greater prosperity in the world.Under the new circumstances, and in the face of new challenges, China and the United States share broad common interests and important common responsibilities.We should adopt a long-term perspective, seek common ground while resolving differences, and work together to achieve sustained, sound, and steady development of our relations.I hope that through this visit, our two countries will advance the positive, cooperative, and comprehensive relationship, and open a new chapter in our cooperation as partners.Ladies and gentlemen, our world today is undergoing major development, major changes and major adjustments.To pursue peace, development and cooperation is the irresistible trend of our time.Let us seize the opportunity to forge ahead, hand in hand, and work together to enhance cooperation as partners, and let us work with all other countries to build a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity.Thank you once again, Mr.President, for your warm welcome.

第四篇：新编汉英翻译教程笔记

（新编汉英翻译教程陈宏薇）

第4章 句子的英译

在汉英翻译实践中，我们明确了关键词语的选择后，就要考虑句子的构建了。

如前文所述，句子是较为理想的汉英翻译单位。从“汉英句法对比”中我们得知，由于思维方式的差异，汉语和英语的句子概念不同，句子类型的划分不同，句子组合的机制也不同。

汉语为语义型语言，着力考究“字”与语义及其相关关系，注重内容的意会性。因此，汉语的句法特征是：主语可由诸多不同类别的词语充当，主语隐含不显或无主语句的情况时常可见；谓语的成分非常复杂，且不受主语支配，没有人称、数、时态的变化；句与句之间多无明示逻辑关系的连接词。所以汉语句子看似松散，如流水般无定法可依。

英语为语法型语言，重点研究主谓序列及其相关词类，句子结构受形式逻辑制约，注重形式的严谨。Partridge(1954:9)认为“英语句子十句有九句是按主谓宾配列的”。刘宓庆先生也认为，任何英语语句都可以完形为主谓统携全句的基本态势。因此，英语句法的特征是：主语突出、易于识别，且只能由名词或名词性的词语担任；谓语绝对受主语的支配，在人称和数上面必须和主语保持一致，有时态、语态和语气的变化；句与句之间多以明示逻辑关系的连接词相连。所以英语依法构句，形式完整而严密。

在汉英翻译中，要牢记以上汉英语言之间的差异，记住英语是主语显著语言(subject-prominent language)，英语句子构建在主谓轴(subject-predicate pivot)上。因此，选择确定主谓语，是成功构句，保证译文与原文功能相似、语义相符的关键。

4.1主语的确定

在汉译英的实践中，对主语的确定可采取三种处理方法：（1）以原句主语作译文主语；（2）重新确定主语；（3）增补主语。

4.1.1以原句主语作译文主语

英语句中的主语只能是名词、主格人称代词或名词性的词语。当汉语原文有明确的主语，而且该主语由名词或主格人称代词充当时，我们可以原句主语作为英译文的主语：如：

（1）我们的房子是一百多年前建造的。

Our house was built over a hundred years ago.（2）我是北京人。

I come from Beijing.（3）如果不适当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。

Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities.（4）假日里，青年人双双对对漫步在公园里。

The young people in pairs and couples rambled about the park on holidays.（5）然而悲惨的皱纹，却也从他的眉头和嘴角出现了。

Miserable wrinkles began to appear between his eyebrows and round his mouth.（《鲁迅全集》第二卷，杨宪益、戴乃迭等）（6）如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。

If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are “fundamental parts” of writings.（朱伯石《写作与语言》，李定坤译）例6中，原文的主语“句子”不带数的标记，英译时，其对应词sentence为可数名词，译者从语境和英语语法规则考虑，选取了复数形式sentences，而不是单数的a sentence或the sentence，作为该句的主语。

（7）邮差先生走到街上来，手里拿着一大把信。在这小城里他兼任邮务员、售票员，但仍旧有许多剩余时间，每天戴上老花镜，埋头在公案上剪裁花样。

Mr.Postman would walk up the street with a bundle of letters in his hand.Working in a small town as postman and stamp seller, he still had lots of spare time.Every day he would sit bending over his desk scissor-cutting flower patterns, wearing a pair of glasses for farsighted old people.（师陀《邮差先生》，张培基译）

《邮差先生》描写了一个善良、敬业的乡村老邮递员，语言浅白平实。原文含两个句子。前一句为开篇句，以“邮差先生”作主语，直点文章主人公；后一句没有重复“邮差先生”，而以代词“他”指代。译文保留原文主语，对应译为Mr.Postman和he。此外，译者将第二句分成两句，均以he作主语。译文信息准确，逻辑清晰，行文简洁明了。

（8）中国有两点是靠得住的，一是讲原则，二是说话算数。（邓小平）

China can be counted on.Among other things, first, it upholds principles and second, it honors its words.原文为一个复句，译者根据英文行文的需要，将其拆译作两句：前一句中保留了原主语China（中国）；第二句含两个并列分句，从形式上看，原文对应部分没有（也无此必要）明示主语，译者根据语义分析，添补了代词it（指代China）作主语，译文连贯、符合逻辑。

（9）人有失错，马有漏蹄。

As a horse may tumble, so a man may make mistakes.译文虽照搬了原主语，但句子结构有变化：语序倒换了。原文意合，译文形合。（10）欢乐的人群宛如大海的波涛，从街道上汹涌而过。

The jubilant crowd surged through the streets like the sea waves.值得提醒的是，由于中国人和英美人的思维方式和语言习惯存在巨大差异，汉语主语并非总能完全对应地转换到英语中。直接将汉语原文主语作为英语译文主语的做法最简洁方便，但它运用的场合是有限的。初学者常犯的毛病是不假思索，照搬原文主语，下笔便译，结果译文虽然在形式上可能与原文相似，意义却相去甚远，行文也生硬，不符合英语的表达习惯。在翻译实践中，我们应根据英美人的思维方式、语言习惯、语境和行文需要，对主语的确定加以慎重考虑。如果保留原主语的做法不妥，我们就要另觅他法了。

4.1.2重新确定主语

在许多情况下，我们需要重新选择和确定主语，以保证译文逻辑通顺、行文流畅、语言自然地道，行使与原文相似的功能。用来替换原主语的，可以是句中其他成分，也可以是句外的词语。如：

（11）他的身材魁梧，生一副大长方脸，嘴巴阔大，肌肤呈着紫檀色。

He was a giant of a man with a long square face, a wide mouth and a complexion suffused with the colour of red sandalwood.（吴强《红日》，A.C.Barnes译）

该例原文充分体现了汉语注重内容的意会性，以意驭形的特点。从形式上看，名词“身材”是句中主语，但从随后三个部分的内容来看，“生一副大长方脸，嘴巴阔大，肌肤呈着紫檀色”的应该是“他”而不是“身材”。译者根据英语语言逻辑严密的特点，将原为定语的“他（的）”改作主语He，随后表语中三个with + a(+ adj.)+ noun的结构排列，内容连贯，形式衔接匀称，读来朗朗上口。（12）①鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，②他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨，③这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。

Lu Hsun was a man of unyielding integrity, free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness;this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial peoples.原文由意义上相互联系，结构上却相对独立的三个小句组成复句。主语分别是名词“骨头”、代词“他”和“这”。译者将①②合为一个分句，改原来作定语的“鲁迅”为主语，同时舍弃了“骨头是最硬的”这个在汉语中比喻人的品格“刚正不阿”的形象，以a man of unyielding integrity这一意译的方式取而代之；“性格”（this quality）一词原在句③充当谓语的述宾结构中作宾语，现改作主语，译文曲尽原意，语言自然。如若照搬原文主语，结果会怎样？试比较以下译文：

Lu Hsun's bones were the hardest;he was free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness;this is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial peoples.死译硬译，典型的中式英语。

（13）幸亏这些青年妇女，白洋淀长大的，她们摇得小船飞快。小船活像开了水皮的一条打跳的梭鱼。It was lucky that all these young wives had grown up by the river: their boat went like the wind.It shot forward like some flying fish, hardly skimming the water.（孙犁《白洋淀》，戴乃迭译）

将their boat替换“她们”作主语，是便于与后一句的It（指“小船”）照应。（14）世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。

a.The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.b.At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.有比较就有鉴别。将The turn(of the century)替换原主语“中国”的译文a，比照搬原主语的译文b地道，有韵味。

（15）一九**年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。a.China's first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world.b.In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world greatly.此例中，以原来作谓语的“爆炸”(blast)取代原主语“中国”(China)的译文a，亦胜过照搬原主语的译文b。

（16）胎又瘪了。

We've got another flat tire.该例汉语原文和英译文，都是各自语言中的习惯表达方式。两种表达方式的区别，典型地反映了汉英思维方式和语言叙述角度的差异。译文中连主语带谓语（We've got）都是译者增添的。若照原文亦步亦趋，译作The tire turns flat again.语法倒是不错，英美人乍一听，可能会楞上一阵。

（17）树缝里也漏着一两点路灯光，没精打采的，是渴睡人的眼。Here and there a few rays from street-lamps filtered through the trees, listless as the eyes of one who is dozing.（朱自清《荷塘月色》，王椒升译）

（18）人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。a.It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints.（刘鹗《老残游记》，杨宪益、戴乃迭译）

b.We can't judge people from their appearance, just as we can't measure the ocean by pints.两个译文均新觅主语，替换了“人”和“海水”。

4.1.3增补主语 本节开头提到，汉语中，主语隐含不显或无主语的情况时常可见。译成英语，则必须依照英语的规则，将主语增补起来。增补主语的原则，一是要推敲语境，二是要考虑英语语法习惯和行文的需要。

（19）到了济南府，进得城来，家家泉水，户户垂杨，比那江南风景，觉得更为有趣。When he reached Jinan and entered the city, there were flowing streams by every house and willow trees by every door, which delighted him even more than the scenery of the south.（刘鹗《老残游记》，杨宪益、戴乃迭译）

原文主语被隐去。从上下文可知，这“到了济南府，进得城来”的是故事主人公老残，所以增添he作从句的主语；主句用There be...句型，加上随后的定语从句(which delighted him)中的him与前面的he照应，译文语法严整。原文意合，译文补出连词When和关系代词which，化意合为形合。

（20）沉默呵，沉默呵！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。Silence, silence!Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence!（鲁迅《纪念刘和珍君》，杨宪益、戴乃迭译）

添补包括作者和读者在内的we作主语，成功地传达了鲁迅对反动派屠杀进步人士的愤慨，对国家及民众前途和命运的担忧，还有他激励人民奋起反抗的呐喊。主语的增补使译文再现了原文的信息功能和表情功能。

（21）起大风了。It's blowing hard.汉语中表自然现象的句子多为无主语句，如“下雨了”、“下雪了”、“打雷了”等。汉译英时，要依照英语的习惯，增添It作主语：“It's raining”、“It's snowing”、“It's thundering”。

（22）用劳动实现自己的理想，用理想指导自己的劳动。

You realize your ideals through labour and you guide your labour by ideals.（陈毅《赠郭沫若同志》）

（23）不懂就是不懂，不要装懂。不要摆官架子。钻进去，几个月，一年两年，三年五年，总可以学会的。

We must not pretend to know when we do not know.We must not put on bureaucratic airs.If we dig into a subject for several months, for a year or two, for three or five years, we shall eventually master it.（毛泽东《论人民民主专政》，北京外文出版社1961年版译文）

（24）出了院门，四顾一望，并无二色，远远的是青松翠竹，自己却似装在玻璃盆内一般。于是走至山坡之下，顺着山脚刚转过去，已闻得一股含香扑鼻，回头一看，却是妙玉那边栊翠庵中有十数株红梅，如胭脂一般，映着雪色，分外显得精神，好不有趣。

Once outside his own gate he gazed round.All was white except for some green pines and emerald bamboos in the distance, so that he had the sensation of being in a crystal bowl.As he rounded the foot of the slope he smelt a cold fragrance and, looking over his shoulder, saw a dozen or so crimson plum trees in Green Lattice Nunnery where Miaoyu lived, their blossom, red as rouge, reflected in the snow and remarkably vivid against it.（曹雪芹《红楼梦》，杨宪益、戴乃迭译）

原文写宝玉踏雪前往芦雪庭赴姐妹们诗会之约一路所见。该例由典型的流水句组成。文章从宝玉的角度，描述了他眼中看到的大观园一夜瑞雪后，银装素裹，青松翠竹，红梅吐蕊的美景。例中各部分的主语几乎全部隐去。译文遵循英语语法要求，将主语话隐为显，根据语境分别增添了he、All、he、he、he担任三个主句和两个状语从句的主语。

4.2谓语的确定与主谓一致问题

汉语句子中谓语成分五花八门，非常复杂，而英语句子中的谓语比较单一，只能由动词或动词短语承担。汉译英时，有时可以选择与原文对应的谓语，但多数情况下，我们往往既不能照搬原文主语，也不能照搬原文谓语，而须作调整，或新觅谓语。

谓语的确定与主语的选择密切相关。从思维步骤来看，主、谓语的确定互为因果。译者根据语义传达和行文构句的需要，在确定译文主语的时候，也在考虑谓语动词的选择，或者反过来，译者可能先想好了谓语动词，再来选择主语。两种确定的顺序，孰先孰后很难分清。

谓语的选择和确定，须兼顾表意和构句的二重需要，即考虑英语语法规范、搭配习惯和逻辑关系等问题。所谓“表意的需要”，指选择谓语时，除考虑该词语本身能否准确传达原文意义外，还要关照其与主语的语义关联，亦即逻辑的关联，以及主谓词语的搭配。

此外，谓语动词和宾语的搭配，连系动词和表语的搭配，以及这两种搭配产生的修辞效果，也都影响和制约谓语的选择。而“构句的需要”，则指谓语的确定必须符合英语句法的需要，必须遵循主谓一致的原则，符合英语语法规范。实际翻译中，“表意”与“构句”问题无法截然分开，但为了方便起见，我们将它们分列在两小节讲述。

4.2.1谓语的确定应该基于表意的需要 1.考虑谓语表意的需要时，首先要看它能否准确传达原意，表意是否贴切。比较以下译文：（1）中央政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。

a.The Central Government has refrained from intervening in the affairs of the HKSAR.b.The Central Government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.两个译文以不同的动词短语作谓语。译文a中has refrained from意为“克制自己不去干预”，而译文b中has never intervened in意为“中央政府从不去干预也不想干预香港特别行政区的事务”。从表意的妥帖与准确性来看，我们应该选后者而不是前者。

（2）中国经济将融入世界经济的大潮。

a.The economy of China will merge into the tide of the world economy.b.The economy of China will converge with that of the world.译文a与b各选择merge into和converge with译“融入”一词，充当谓语。前者含“消没在„„之中”之意，而后者含“与„„融合在一起”之意。此处，译文b谓语的选择是恰当的。

（3）这事到了现在，还是时时记起。

a.Even now, this remains fresh in my memory.b.Even now, I still often think about this.就原文“还是时时记起”而言，译文a“remains fresh in my memory”比译文b“still often think about”更贴近原文，表达也更加自然地道。

2.考虑谓语表意的需要时，还必须关照其与主语的语义关联以及主谓词语的搭配。请看下列例句：

（4）世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。

a.The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.b.At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.该例句曾在“主语的确定”部分讲解过。两个译文的主、谓语各不相同，句式结构也迥异。译文a以The turn(of the century)为主语，选择了finds（原句中不存在）作谓语与之搭配，生成了一个表意准确而又合乎英语习惯的句子。这是因为，译者熟悉动词find的用法之一：a time or event finds sb.or sth.in a particular situation or doing a particular thing(Collins COBUILD English Dictionary)，安排在此，正好能传达汉语原文的意义。而译文b亦步亦趋地紧随汉语原文，以China为主语，再按照语法要求，选择了连系动词is（原文中亦无对应表达）加表语very active作谓语。译文b虽然也表意忠实且合乎英语语法，但不及译文a自然地道。

（5）（听说你明天开张，）也许用的着，特意给你送来了。

a.(I hear that you're opening tomorrow.)You may have some use for these things, so I took them along.b.(I hear that you're opening tomorrow.)Thought these might come in handy, so I brought them along.（6）现在，连我们也欠饷啊！

a.Nowadays even our monthly pay is often in arrears.b.Nowadays even we aren't always paid on time.例5和例6情况类似。两译文谓语不同，是由于主语选择有别，表意方面没有大的差异，也都合乎语法规则，但译文b似乎更地道简洁，更贴近原文口语体的色彩。

（7）在同新闻界谈话的时候，上海人使用越来越多的最高级形容词。

a.When they talk to the press, the Shanghai citizens use more and more adjectives of the superlative degree.b.You can hear Shanghai people using more and more adjectives of the superlative degree when they talk to the press.译文a紧随原文句子结构，主、谓语的选择与原文完全对应。译文b则不同，其中can hear替代了原谓语“使用”，是因为句中的主语不再是“上海人”，而是泛指人称代词You。两个译文都与原文意义相符，且符合语法规范。不同的是，译文a仅仅陈述事实，语气比较客观；而译文b从旅游观光者的角度表述，带有一定的感情色彩。

（8）（现在上海人的传统形象开始起了变化，）他们的言语和行动都充满了信心和自豪。

a.Their words and actions are filled with confidence and pride.b.They are confident and proud in their speeches and actions.译文a和b谓语迥异，也是因为两者主语选择不同。从语法角度看，两个译文都不错。从表意的效果看，译文b理想可取，而译文a则不然。紧跟原文结构的译文a，以无生命的Their words and actions（他们的言语和行动）为主语，与谓语are filled with confidence and pride组成句子时，不合英语的逻辑习惯，语义搭配不当，因而不可取。初学者受汉语母语思维习惯的影响，容易犯这类忽略表达逻辑性与语义合理性的毛病。

3.考虑谓语的表意需要时，也须考虑其与宾语的搭配，包括连系动词与表语的搭配，以及该搭配的修辞效果。请看以下例句：

（9）我又闲了一个多月啦！

a.I've been idle for another month now.b.Another month now and I've had no work.该例原文中，处于述位的“闲”一词意义关键。译文a选择形容词idle译之，采用“系表结构”作谓语。译文b以to have no work译之，采用“谓语动词+宾语”的句式。从意义的传达来看，两个译文都不错。但就文体色彩而言，译文a偏向中性书面语体，而译文b属非正式口语体，效果与原文更接近。

（10）（颐和园）1900年遭八国联军破坏，（至1903年才得以修复）。

a.The palace was reduced to ruins by the allied forces of the eight foreign powers.b.The palace suffered ravage in the hands of the allied forces of the eight foreign powers.该例句两个译文以不同的谓语动词表达了相同的意义。译文a用短语be reduced to...，选择了被动语态的形式。译文b用动词suffer，与宾语ravage搭配，采取了主动语态的形式。该例句说明，有时我们对谓语的处理可以有多种选择。

（11）她们（指“时装模特”）逐渐地镇定下来，有了自信。a.They gradually calmed down, restored self-confidence, and...b.Gradually, they calmed down and regained self-confidence.两个译文都采用了“谓语动词+宾语”的句式结构。两者运用同一名词self-confidence作宾语，但选用的谓语动词有别。译文a选词不妥，因为restore一词意为give back, bring back into use(LDCE)，与宾语self-confidence搭配不当。而译文b中的谓语regain一词，根据同一词典，意为get or win back，与该宾语搭配恰当，在此是一个合适的选择。

（12）封建社会代替奴隶社会，资本主义代替封建主义，社会主义经历一个过程发展后必然代替资本主义。

Feudal society replaced slave society, capitalism supplanted feudalism, and, after a long time, socialism will necessarily supersede capitalism.（《邓小平选集》第三卷）

原文含三个小句。充当谓语的动词“代替”三次重复，句式工整而对称。译文也由三个简单句组成，都采用动宾结构。译者选择了三个近义词replace、supplant和supersede分别充当三个简单句的谓语，避免了单调重复，使译文衔接紧凑，富于变化，产生了良好的修辞效果。

（13）（一个世纪以来，中国人民在前进道路上经历了三次历史性的巨大变化„„）第一次是辛亥革命，„„第二次是中华人民共和国的成立，„„第三次是改革开放„„

The first change was represented by the Revolution of 1911...The second change was marked by the founding of the People's Republic of China...The third change was featured by the reform, opening up...（江泽民所作十五大报告）

原文也含三个小句，均为“是„„”字句。译者没有机械照搬原文形式，重复运用连系动词was+表语的形式，而将三个对应部分分别译作was represented by，was marked by和was featured by。它们与介词后的宾语搭配和谐，符合英语习惯，且表意妥帖，表达连贯，表现力丰富。

4.2.2谓语的确定应该基于构句的需要

选择谓语时考虑构句的需要，指译文必须遵守英语语法规范，遵循“主谓一致”的原则，保证谓语和主语的人称和数一致，谓语动词时态、语态正确，句式连贯顺畅，表达地道自然。由于汉语的句法特征为意合，其结构比较松散，谓语不受主语支配，且无时态、性、数变化，初学者受汉语母语的干扰，特别容易在这个上出错。有鉴于此，强化语法意识，增强英语句法概念，显得至关重要。

（14）一年年，燕子来了去了 一年年，阶前草绿了黄了

Year after year the swallows come and go;Year after year the grass before the terrace grows green, yellows.（陈敬容《只要是广阔的世界》，庞秉钧）汉语原文中做主语的“燕子”和“（阶前）草”不带性、数的标记，处于述语位置的“来了去了”和“绿了黄了”也不受时态和性、数的限制。英译文中两个主语，一个 the swallows为复数，另一个the grass不可数（uncountable），用作单数。随后的谓语分别为come and go，和第三人称单数加“s”的grows(green), yellows，与各自的主语一致，符合英语习惯。

（15）九斤老太早已做过八十大寿，仍然不平而且康健。六斤的双丫角，已经成为一支大辫子了。

Old Mrs.Ninepounder celebrated her eightieth birthday some time ago and is as full of complaints, as hale and hearty as ever.Sixpounder's twin tufts of hair have changed into a thick braid.（鲁迅《**》，杨宪益、戴乃迭译）

汉语动词无时态变化，时态概念通过词汇手段来表达。如句中“早已”、“仍然”、“已经”等副词分别表达“过去”、“现在”和“现在已经完成”等概念。英译文中，谓语动词相应采用过去时celebrated、现在时is和现在完成体have changed，符合英语语法要求。

（16）他给我的印象是，态度非常呆板僵硬，仿佛肚子里吞下了一根拨火棒似的。

He had given me the impression of absolute rigidity, as though he had swallowed a poker.（17）河边枯柳树下的几株瘦削的一丈红，该是村女种的吧。

The few sparse hollyhocks beneath the withered willows by the stream must have been planted by the country girls.（鲁迅《野草•好的故事》，杨宪益、戴乃迭译）

汉语中表示“推测”的概念通过词汇手段实现，如例16中“仿佛„„似的”和例17中“该是„„的吧”。英文中，相应的概念均以谓语动词虚拟语气(as though he)had swallowed和must have been planted的形式来表现。

（18）农业搞好了，农民能自给，五亿人口就稳定了。

a.If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants self-supporting, then the 500 million people will feel secure.b.If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants are self-supporting, then the 500 million people will feel secure.两种译文句式完全相同：原文第一、二小句并列在条件状语从句中，第三小句译作了主句。英语中有一个表达习惯，结构排比的语言单位中，一般都省略其词语相同的部分。译文a基于此，将peasants后的连系动词略去。这样处理就有了问题：第一部分If agriculture is in...中，主语agriculture为第三人称单数，其后的连系动词为is。根据英语用法，peasants后省略的也应该是连系动词is，可这里作主语的peasants为复数，所以省略is的译文a违背了主谓一致的原则，不符合英语规范。译文b在peasants后增加与其数一致的连系动词are，避免了错误。

（19）思想„„ 是炉火，炉火是墙上的树影，是冬夜的声音。Thoughts...Are the fire in a stove, The fire in a stove is the tree's shadow on the wall.And the sound in the winter night.（冯文炳《十二月十九夜》，李定坤译）

该例与例18情况类似。译文遵照英文主谓一致的原则，第一行复数主语Thoughts后跟连系动词Are。第三行结构与第一、二行完全相同，但由于主语The fire(in a stove)是不可数单数名词，后面的连系动词改为is。第四行与第三行并列且共主语，结构也完全相同，主语The fire in a stove（汉语原文中已省去）连同其后的系动词is一同省略。

（20）关于如何改进市民的居住条件问题市政府给予了充分重视。

a.Full attention has been paid by the municipal government to the improvement of the housing conditions of the urban inhabitants.b.The municipal government has paid full attention to the housing conditions of the urban inhabitants.两个译文选词相同，而且都运用了短语pay attention to，但在主语的选择和语序的安排上有区别。根据英语语法规范，选择attention做主语的译文a采用了被动语态，而选择The municipal government做主语的译文b采用了主动语态。由于英语是主语显著语言，做主语的词语往往代表句中最重要的信息，因此，相比之下，译文b语气较平淡，译文a语气较强，所以它更贴近原文。值得注意的是，有些学生将pay attention to短语用于被动语态时，常常会错误地构句为：The housing conditions of the urban inhabitants has been paid full attention to by the municipal government.此类错误应该避免。

（21）液体的形状总是随着容器的变化而变化，因为液体没有自己的固定形状。换言之，无论你把它放在什么样的容器中，它的形状总是和容器内壁的形状完全一样。

Since a liquid has no definition shape of its own, it varies in shape from container to container.In other words, in whatever container it is poured, the liquid will take exactly the interior shape of the container.译文和原文一样含两个主从复合句。遵照英语句法对主谓一致和动词时态、语态的要求，谓语分别译为第三人称单数一般现在时的has和varies、一般现在时被动语态的is poured和将来时态的will take。另外值得一提的是，原文的主句和从句中，主语分别为“形状”、“液体”、“你”和“形状”。译者没有死抠原文，译文中统统以a liquid、the liquid及其代词it作主语。结果，译文逻辑清晰明了，语篇衔接连贯，句子自然顺畅，效果良好。

4.3语序的调整

语序指句子成分的排列次序，它是词语和句子成分之间关系的体现，反映语言使用者的逻辑思维和心理结构模式（陈宏薇，1998）。中国人和以英语为母语的民族思维模式有共性也有个性，表现在语序上，汉语和英语的表达模式有同也有异。

相同之处表现在两者都以“主语+谓语+宾语”（SVO）或“施事+行为+受事”为基本语序。如汉语中老子的名句：“道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物”，英语中Francis Bacon的“Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them.”都是这种基本语序的典型。

相异之处则表现在语言句内和句间语序的灵活性以及定、状语等次要成分位置的差异。由于差异存在，汉译英时常常需要调整语序。下面，我们根据不同类型的语序差异来讨论语序的调整。

4.3.1句内的语序调整

一、句内主要成分位置的调整

就句子内SVO的语序，如施事、行为、受事的位置而言，汉语语序的排列显得比英语更灵活（杨自俭，202_:64）。换言之，施事、行为、受事的位置在汉语中比较自由，在英语中则通常比较固定。汉译英时，需要根据英语习惯进行调整。

（1）中国的批评界怎样的趋势，我却不大了然，也不很注意。

I am not too clear, not too interested, either, regarding current trends in China's literary criticism.原文受事在前，施事、行为在后。译文按照英语语序习惯，将施事，即主语“I”，和表语am not too clear, not too interested的位置提到了前面。

（2）沙发上坐着一个人。A man was sitting on a couch.（3）马可•波罗的中国之行，给他留下最深刻印象的是杭州西湖之秀美。

The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou was what impressed Marco Polo most during his trip to China.例2中“一个人”为施事，“坐着”为行为；例3中“杭州西湖之秀美”为施事，“给他留下”为行为。两者皆行为在前，施事在后。译文中都调整为施事在前，行为在后的顺序。

（4）早晨的公园里，遛鸟者时常可见。

a.Early in the parks we often see people walk with caged birds in hand.b.Taking a walk in parks with caged birds in hand is a common scene in the early morning.原文省略施事，处在主语位置的“遛鸟者”实际上是受事，“时常可见”是行为。也就是说，原文受事在前，行为在后。两个译文都作了语序调整：译文a增添了人称代词We作主语，按照英文习惯，句子以“施事+行为+受事”的语序排列；译文b的调整更大，有生命的受事“遛鸟者”转化为无生命的现象Taking a walk...with caged birds in hand充当译文的主语，行为动词“（时常可）见”被转化为名词a common scene跟随连系动词is之后，句子以“主语+连系动词+表语”的语序排列。就效果而言，译文b的表达更地道，英语的韵味更足。

（5）生日是自己长大以后听家里人说的，„„

I was told about my birthday by my foster-parents when I grew up.（侯宝林《我可能是天津人》，刘士聪译）

原文中，受事“生日”在前，施事“自己”和行为“听„„说的”在后。译文根据英语表达习惯作了调整，语序排列为“主语（I）+谓语（was told about）（被动语态）+介词宾语（my birthday）+状语从句（when I grew up）”。

二、状语位置的调整

汉语状语的位置一般在主语和谓语之间，呈“主语→状语→谓语→宾语”模式，有时为了强调，也放在主语之前；英语状语一般出现在宾语后的句尾，呈“主语→谓语→宾语→状语”模式，但也常常也出现在句首、句中或句尾。前面提到，施事、行为、受事的位置在汉语中比较灵活，在英语中比较固定。可作为次要成分的状语的位置，情况正好相反。它在汉语中的位置比较固定，在英语中的位置则比较灵活。有鉴于此，语序的调整也不可避免。

（5）我们明天上午九时动身。

We are going to start at nine tomorrow morning.（6）这本书是三天前买的。

The book was bought three days ago.（7）他每晚都要看电视。

He watches TV every morning.（8）武当山终年云雾缭绕。

Seas of clouds enshroud the peaks of Mt.Wudang throughout the year.以上四例，状语的位置由原来主、谓之间移到了宾语后的句尾。（10）在机器中很多能量是由于部件之间的摩擦而损失的。

In a machine a great deal of energy is lost because of the friction between its parts.原文含两个状语，一个在句首，一个在句中。译成英文后，一个仍在句首，另一个，根据英语习惯，被移到了句尾。

（11）他们很细心地观察化学变化。

a.They observed the chemical reaction with great care.b.They observed with great care the chemical reaction.原文的状语放在主谓之间，译成英语时可以置于句尾（如译文a），也可以置于谓语和宾语之间（如译文b）。

（12）他们肩并肩地以疯狂速度向那座石塔奔去。

a.They ran side by side at a fantastic speed towards the stone pagoda.b.Side by side and at a fantastic speed they ran towards the stone pagoda.c.Side by side they ran at a fantastic speed towards the stone pagoda.同一个汉语句子，可用三个语序不同的英文句子来表达，这是因为英语状语的位置更灵活。三个译文仅在状态的侧重点上有些差别。三、一系列表示时间、地点、方式状语位置的调整

表示时间、地点、方式的状语同时使用时，在汉语中通常排列为“时间→地点→方式→动词”的顺序，而在英语中则通常排列为“动词→方式→地点→时间”的顺序。

（13）大会将于①今年九月②在北京③隆重开幕。

The meeting will begin ③ceremoniously ②in Beijing ①the following September.（14）他①每晚②都在图书馆③用心读书。He reads ③hard ②in the library ①every evening.两例原文状语的顺序都是“时间→地点→方式”，译文遵照英语习惯，都颠倒为“方式→地点→时间”。

使用一系列表示时间或地点的状语时，汉语中的顺序通常是由大到小、由远到近，而英语则大体与汉语相反。

（15）他①一九三五年②八月③二十二日④早晨⑤六点三十分诞生在(1)湖南的(2)一个小县城。

He was born(2)in a small town(1)of Hunan Province ⑤at six thirty ④on the morning of ②August ③22, ①1935.（16）设在位于①纽约市②中心③一座摩天大楼④第四十层楼里的⑤那间办公室，就是他工作的小天地。

⑤The office ④on the fortieth floor ③of a skyscraper ②in the center ①of New York is the world he works in.四、定语位置的调整

汉语的定语总是放在中心词前面。英语定语的位置较汉语灵活。单词作定语时，除少数情况外一般放在中心词之前。较长的定语，如词组或介词短语作定语，则一般放在中心词之后。

（17）浩瀚的大海 the vast sea（18）古老的中原文化

The time-honoured Central Plain culture（19）举世闻名的万里长城 the world-famous Great Wall 原文定语前置，译文也一样。

（20）一九四九年解放以前，中国人民曾经遭受①世界罕见的②恶性通货膨胀的灾祸。Before liberation in 1949 the Chinese people suffered from ②some of the worst inflation ①the world had ever known.原文两个定语都放在中心词“灾祸”之前。译文省略了作宾语的“灾祸”一词，由inflation（通货膨胀）取而代之。两个定语调整为一前一后的位置。

（21）正月十五元宵夜，街上挂着①各式各样②精巧的灯笼。

On the evening of the Lantern Festival, the 15th of the first lunar month, ②exquisite lanterns ①of perse designs are hung along the streets.原文两个前置定语在译文中被调整为一前一后的位置，顺序也作了颠倒。汉语中，一系列表示大小不等的事物的词语作定语时，同样是按照从大到小的顺序排列，而英语正好相反。（22）①避暑山庄和北京的故宫、山东曲阜的孔庙一样，②是中国保存最完好的古代建筑群，③也是中国现存规模最大的古典皇家园林。

The Summer Palace of Chengde is one of the three best-preserved magnificent ancient architectural complexes in China, the other two being the forbidden City in Beijing and the Confucian Temple in Qufu of Shandong Province.汉语中的地点“山东曲阜”是先大后小，英语中Qufu of Shandong Province，是先小后大。此外，原文句①中位于主语和谓语中间作状语的“和北京的故宫、山东曲阜的孔庙一样”，在译文中被移到了主句结尾的逗号后面，符合英语表达习惯。

（23）卢沟桥位于北京广安门外约10公里处的丰台区永定河口。

Lugou Bridge spans the Yongding River mouth at Fengtai District, about ten kilometers from Guanganmenwai Street of Beijing.就定语“北京广安门外约10公里处”而言，汉语由大到小，英语则恰好相反。汉语中不同类型的词语作定语修饰一个名词时，往往将表明事物本质属性的词语排列在前，将描写性的词语排列在后。而英语相反，越是表明事物本质属性的定语，越是在后紧靠被修饰的中心词。

（24）①中国现存②规模最大、③保存最完好的古代建筑群

③the best-preserved ②magnificent ancient architectural complexes ③in China（25）山东曲阜是①中国②古代③著名的思想家、教育家孔子的故乡。

Qufu, Shandong Province, is the birthplace of Confucius, a ③well-renowned ②ancient ①Chinese thinker and teacher.4.3.2句间的语序调整

就分句间的相对位置而言，汉语的顺序相对比较固定，一般按照先因后果、语序与时序相一致的顺序排列。而英语则比较灵活，语序与时序常常不相一致。这也是汉译英时需要调整语序的重要原因。

（26）①我走过地板时，②一块板子吱吱作响。A board creaked as I crossed the floor.原文按照先因后果顺序排列，译文正好颠倒过来。它也可以译作When I crossed the floor, a board creaked.（27）①佗用刀刮骨，②悉悉有声。

②The knife made a thin, ①grating sound as it scraped the surface.（罗贯中《三国演义》，Moss Roberts译）

原文语序与时序一致。译文颠倒了语序，并以The knife（刀）替换了原主语“（华）佗”。译文符合英语习惯，行文也更加连贯。

（28）①如果说白天广州像座翡翠城，②那么当太阳沉没，③广州就成了一颗夜明珠，④灯光如海，⑤千街闪烁。

①If Guangzhou is like a city of jadeite in the daytime, ③it becomes a luminous pearl, ④with a sea of lights twinkling ⑤in the streets ②after the sun sets in the west.（碧野《广州抒情》，李定坤译）

原文含5个小句，完全依照时间先后顺序排列。译文重新调整了语序，表达流畅自然。（29）①女主人已经离开人世，②再没有人喂它了。③它好像已经意识到这一点。

③He must have been aware ②that nobody was going to feed him ①after the death of his mistress.（季羡林《加德满都的狗》，张培基译）

原文是典型的汉语语序。译文将原文的三个小句并成了一句，语序恰好相反，符合英语表达习惯。

4.4否定句的英译

“对事物作出否定判断的句子，叫否定句。”（黄伯荣、廖序东，1985：499）汉语中的否定概念通过词汇手段表达，否定句带有否定字词的标记，如“不、无、否、非、没、莫、勿、未、毋、弗”等，以及由这些字组成的词语，如“决不、毫无、否则、并非、没有、未尝”等等。例如：

我不喜欢这本书。你这样说毫无道理。

你得赶紧走，否则会迟到。

汉语否定句一般分两类：一类是单重否定句，句中只用一个否定词，以上三个例句都属此类。另一类是双重否定句，句中先后连用两个否定词，例如：

你别不知好歹。

连我都听说了，你不会还不知道吧！

你不能不让人乐于为你而生，勇于为你而死，为了你而奋发前进！

英语表达否定概念通常有两种手段。一种如同汉语，采用词汇手段，借助no、not、never、nor、neither等否定词，和具有否定意义的词语，如hardly、rarely、seldom、barely、scarcely、narrowly、few、little等，以及由前缀no-、non-、in-、dis-、un-、im-和后缀-less等组成的词语。英语中含否定意义的词汇，还包括其他各类词语和词组：

动词，诸如lack、fail、deny、miss、exclude、run short / out(of)、keep / stop / refrain / prevent(from)、(get)rid of、want、overlook、deny 名词，诸如absence、exclusion、lack、want、failure、ignorance、denial 形容词，诸如absent、missing、ignorant、gone、free / far / safe from、short of、exclusive of 介词，诸如beyond、without、above、except、save、but、in vain 连词，诸如before、unless、(other)than、or、二是采用句法手段，如运用比较结构more(„)than „、other than „、rather than „、would rather than „、know better than „等。在这类结构中，连词than引出意义否定的部分。其他结构，如too „ to „、too „ for „以及由连词if引导的表示赌咒、发誓、感叹的句型等，也可用来表示否定意义。例如：

He’s too young to take care of himself.（他年龄太小，照顾不了自己。）He said he’d be dammed if he’d stop.（他说他要放手就不是人。）Catch me doing that.（我才不会干那种事呢。）

汉语否定句的翻译，通常可以采取以下几种方法。

4.4.1译成英语的否定句

中国人和以英语为母语的英美人在否定的思维方式上有许多共同之处，所以汉语否定句翻译成英语时，多半仍以否定形式表达。

（1）我认为他不够格。I don’t think he is qualified.注意汉语和英语句中否定范围的区别。英文中应将否定词not移到主句ud谓语动词前面。如果译成I think he is not qualified，就不符合英语表达习惯了。

（2）这房子尽管富丽堂皇，但是住起来一点也不舒服。

With all its magnificence, the house is not at all comfortable to live in.（3）液体没有固定的形状，气体也没有。Liquids have no definite shape;nor have gases.第二分句中，否定连词nor置于句首，句子的语序要倒装。（4）如果没有摩擦，运动的物体永远不会停止。

A moving object would never come to a stop if there were no friction.（5）水淀里没有一个人影，只有一团白绸子样的水鸟，也躲开鬼子往北飞去，落到大荷叶下面歇凉去了。

No one else was in sight.Only a flock of silky white water-fowl flew off to the north away from the Japanese soldiers, alighting to rest in the shade of big lotus leaves.（孙犁《芦花荡》，戴乃迭译）

（6）（与此同时，上海人也清醒地认识到，）不能沾沾自喜以“老大”自居。In now way should they become complacent and pose as No.1 in the country.译文否定状语部分，且置于句首，语气更强。

4.4.2译成英语的肯定句

汉语否定概念也常常用英语肯定句式来表达，这是由于两个民族思维方式的差异所致。而与此有关的英语肯定句有两种：一种是意义和形式都肯定；而另一类，则是意义否定、形式上肯定的，即不带否定标记的表达方式。前面列举了不少具有否定意义的动词、名词、形容词、介词、连词和相关词组，还提到了一些句法结构，都属于这一类。

（7）那位老人能在大风大浪中不停地游泳达三个小时以上。

The old man could swim continuously in great storms for more than three hours.Continuous意为going on without stopping or being interrupted，其副词与它同义，与原文中“不停地”语义完全相符。

（8）人民军队离不开人民，就像鱼儿离不开水一样。

The people is to the people's army what water is to fish.（9）密云水库„„远山叠翠，绿波万顷，和我记忆中的太湖不相上下。

The Miyun Reservoir...With its vast area of green waves and row upon row of verdant mountains in the distance can be equally matched with the Taihu lake in my memory.（冰心《塞北变江南》，李定坤译）

汉语否定，译文从形式到意义都肯定。两个例句十分典型，说明对相同的概念，汉语和英语表达的角度有时正好相反。

（10）他无可指责。

He is above blame.（11）他化学测验不及格。

He failed the test in chemistry.（12）我们不能让孩子们上河里游泳。

We must keep the kids from swimming in the river.（13）这尊雕像历经大地震后毫发未损，仍然矗立。

The statue survived the great earthquake, remained intact and was still standing there.以上4例汉语原文的否定概念，在译文中都是通过无否定标记、却含有否定意义的词语表达的。也就是说，英译文形式肯定，意义否定。

（14）谅你不敢这么干。

Do that again if you dare.译文通过肯定的if句型，恰当地传达了原文威胁、发狠的意味和强烈的感情色彩。（15）你借钱给那个无赖，不啻把钱丢在海里。You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to that rascal.译文通过虚拟语气might as well表达“不啻”这一否定概念。（16）女孩儿未出嫁，是颗无价宝珠；„„

A girl before marriage is a precious pearl.4.4.3将汉语的双重否定译成英语的双重否定

“双重否定就是在一个句子中同时使用两个否定词，或者使用一个否定词和一个含有否定意义的词或短语。”（陈宏薇，1998:223）双重否定的句子，实际上表达肯定的意义。与一般肯定句不同的是，双重否定句感情色彩更加浓厚，肯定的语势更加强烈。汉译英时，我们往往保留双重否定的形式。

（17）子曰：“不患人之不己知，患不知人也。”

The Master said,(the good man)does not grieve that other people do not recognize his merits.His only anxiety is lest he should fail to recognize theirs.（孔子《论语》，Arthur Waley译）

（18）名不正则言不顺，言不顺则事不成，„„

If language is incorrect, then what is said does not concord with what was meant;and if what is said does not concord with what was meant, what is to be done cannot be effected.（孔子《论语》，Arthur Waley译）

（19）我想：希望本无所谓有，无所谓无。

I thought: hope cannot be said to exist, nor can it be said not to exist.以上例句的原文含双重否定，译文也同样采用双重否定的句式。（20）不看秦始皇兵马俑，不算真正到过中国。

a.A traveler who has not seen the Qin Dynasty terra cotta figures cannot claim to have visited China.b.No one who has not seen the Qin Dynasty terra cotta figures can claim to have visited China.两个译文都保留了双重否定的形式。译文a中的第一层否定放在定语从句的谓语部分（has not seen），而译文b的第一层否定放在了主语部分（No one who...）。两个译文都不错，但译文b的语势似乎更强。

4.4.4将汉语的肯定句译成英语的否定句

由于中国人和英美人在思维方式上的差异，汉语的肯定句译成英语时也常用否定句式来表达。

（21）他在这上面费了很多力。

He took no little pain over it.（22）我对你万分感激。

I couldn't thank you enough.（23）完全同意。

I couldn't agree more.（24）直到喷气发动机发明以后，飞机才能以超音速的速度飞行。

Not until the invention of the jet engine could airplanes travel at supersonic speeds.汉语“直到„„才„„”的句型译成英语时，往往要用not...Until...的否定句式来表达。（25）智者千虑必有一失。

Even the wise are not always free from errors.汉语以肯定句从正面表达，英语以否定句从反面表达，该例句典型地反映了汉英两种语言叙述角度的差异。

4.5句子功能的再现

句子的功能，指句子的交际功能，即句子的用途。不同类型的句子具有不同的交际功能。“语法学对句子的分类有两个角度，一是根据句子的结构，将句子分为单句和复句，这种分类的结果通常称为句型；二是根据句子的语气或用途，通常将句子分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句以及感叹句四种，这种分类的结果通常称为句类。”（张斌，202_:222）我们在汉英翻译中，所遇到的句类都离不开以上四种。“句类是根据语气来分的”（同上），“语气”，在吕叔湘先生看来，有“广狭”二解。“广义的‘语气’包括‘语意’和‘语势’。所谓‘语意’指正和反，定和不定，虚和实等等的区别。所谓‘语势’，指说话的轻或重，缓或急。”狭义的“语气”指“概念内容相同的语句，因使用的目的不同所产生的分别”（同上）。

以上四种句类具有不同的交际功能。一般情况下，陈述句传达信息而具有信息功能；疑问句、祈使句使信息反馈——“祈使句要求用行动反馈，疑问句要求用语言反馈”（同上）——而且具有呼唤功能；感叹句表达说话人的感情和态度而具有表情功能。

必须指出，语气虽然与交际功能或用途等有关，“但是句子的语气与用途并不完全一致。同一种语气可能具有不同的交际用途，不同的语气则可能具有相同的交际用途。”（同上）例如，在特定语言环境中，“你讲得太快了”这一语气或句类可以用来陈述信息而具有信息功能，可以用来表达说话人的感叹而具有表情功能，也可以用来请求对方放慢语速而具有呼唤功能。而反过来，以下不同语气的句子：

你讲得太快了。（陈述句）你能讲慢一点吗？（疑问句）请讲慢一点。（祈使句）你讲得真快！（感叹句）分属“陈述”、“疑问”、“祈使”、“感叹”四种类型，但是在特定的语言环境中，它们具有同一种交际功能，即请求对方将发言的速度放慢的呼唤功能。

在1.3节中，我们将翻译的标准定为“功能相似、语义相符”。根据这一标准，我们在翻译中应该再现原文的功能，使译文的语义与原文相符，而不是一味追求与原文形式对等的句型和句类。这也意味着，我们应该根据语境，仔细分析句子的内在关系，理清句内和句际

间的逻辑联系，明确其交际功能，将其准确地传达到译文中，以保证翻译的效果。我们依照“陈述句”、“疑问句”、“祈使句”和“感叹句”四种句类的划分来讲述句子功能的再现问题。

4.5.1陈述句功能的再现

“陈述句是最常见、使用范围最广的一种句类。”（张斌，202_:222）人们通常用陈述句来传达信息，翻译这类句子时，一方面要使译文与原文信息功能相似、语义相符，一方面要使其遵循英语语法和表达习惯。

（1）窗前有棵老榆树，榆钱儿正密，一串串在枝上垂着，有几只刚出巢的蜜蜂，围着榆枝乱飞，不住的嗡嗡的叫着。

An old elm before the house was hung with thick clusters of seeds and some bees just out of the hive were flying round it, keeping up a continuous hum.（梁斌《红旗谱》，北京外文出版社译文）

该陈述句描写景物，语言平实，是典型的汉语句式。6个小句以5个逗号隔开，两层意义并列：一写窗前的榆树，一写围着榆树嗡嗡飞舞的蜜蜂。译文将6个小句合成一个并列句，增加连词and并列表达两层意义。两个分句各以An old elm...was hung和some bees...were flying充当主、谓语，另以keeping up a continuous hum作定语和状语。译文与原文信息相符，功能相似，结构完整紧凑，符合英语表达习惯。

（2）①广东省阳春县境内多是石灰岩地质，②由于长期的江水浸渍和风化作用，③形成了大量峥嵘挺拔的山峰和幽深莫测的溶洞。

Calcareous structure, water erosion and weathering contributed to many lofty peaks and deep secluded karst caves in Yangchun County, Guangdong Province.该陈述句讲述广东阳春县地质地貌，句式为复式，由3个小句组成。深入分析其中逻辑关系时我们发现：句②含有介词“由于”的标记，明确表示“原因”；句①虽不含任何标记，其实也暗表“原因”；句③则表示“结果”。译文构句灵活巧妙：将与“石灰岩地质”、“江水浸渍”和“风化”对应的三个名词短语Calcareous structure、water erosion和weathering作主语，以动词短语contributed to作谓语，名词短语many lofty peaks and deep secluded karst caves作宾语，这种不拘泥于原文句式的“主谓宾”搭配干净明了地表达了原文明暗交织的“因果”关系。其中谓语动词短语的选择，是达到这一理想效果的关键。

（3）①我家门前有些摆摊儿的，都是生意人。②大凡生意人都懂得“一步差三市”的道理。③就是说，别看你的店只和人家差了三步，但景气的程度要差了很多，也许人家的铺子红火热闹，你的铺子却开不了张。

①In front of my house there are a few stalls run by street vendors.②Street vendors all know the popular saying: “Locations make a difference in business.”③That is to say, even if your stall stands side by side with someone else’s in the neighbourhood, your neighbour may attract a constant stream of shoppers, but yours, unfortunately, is visited by few.（星竹“位置的道理”，王琼译，刘士聪改译）

该陈述句群是一篇小杂文的开篇语。这篇名为“位置的道理”的杂文议论世间各种位置被人占上，其后其实各有道理和玄机，总是受到某种看不见的事物的平衡、约束和管辖。

原文包含三个句子：②为单句，①、③为复句。由于议论文之故，与写景的例1松散的句式相比，该例构句比较紧密，句际逻辑关系交待得比较明确。句①中，“都是生意人”与前面“摆摊儿的”信息重复，似为赘句。然而从修辞效果看，它并非多余：一是遵从汉语句子阴阳两分、“同义衬托”的习惯（杨自俭，202_）；而更重要的，是承上启下，与“大凡生意人都懂得„„”的下句衔接过渡。句③实际上是句②中“一步差三市”的说法的解释，其中“也许人家的铺子红火热闹，你的铺子却开不了张”又是对前面“景气”一词的进一步解释。句③中出现了“就是说”、“但”、“„„却„„”等几个关联词，将语意关系一一明示。

译文与原文信息相符，句式也大致相当。少许的区别在于：句①中以过去分词短语run by street vendors作定语修饰stallls，将原文两个小句合成了一个简单句。句③中，按照英语表达需要增添了unfortunately一词，使逻辑关系更加显豁，同时省去了若保留反嫌累赘的“景气的程度要差了很多”一句。

（4）①大概是物以稀为贵罢。②北京的白菜运往浙江，便用红头绳系住菜根，倒挂在水果店头，尊为“胶菜”；福建野生着的芦荟，一到北京就进温室，且美其名曰“龙舌兰”。③我到仙台也颇受了这样的优待，不但不收学费，几个职员还为我的食宿操心。

No doubt the rarer a thing the higher the value.When Beijing Cabbage is shipped to Zhejiang, it is hung upside-down in the green grocer’s by a red string tied to the root, and given the grand title “Shandong Vegetable”.When the aloe which grows wild in Fujian comes to Beijing, it is ushered into a hothouse and given the beautiful name “Dragon Tongue Orchid”.In Sendai I too enjoyed such preferential treatment;not only did the school not ask for fees, but several members of the staff even showed great concern over my board and lodging.（鲁迅《藤野先生》，杨宪益、戴乃迭译）该例中几个陈述句组成一个完整的语意群。句①“物以稀为贵”是论点，句②、③白菜和芦荟来到异地以及“我”留学日本的经历是论据。译文再现了原文的信息功能，且语义相符。首先需要提出的是段首“大概”一词。“大概”这一“表示有很大可能性”的副词在此并非对“物以稀为贵”概念的推断，而是对句②、③叙述的经历当属“物以稀为贵”情况的推断。译者透彻理解原文，不用Probably(the rarer a thing...)机械照译句①开头的“大概”，而是用No doubt取代，准确传达了原文信息。原文句②含两个复合句，句式基本为意合，译文均处理为形式严整的When..., it is...and...的主从复合句。句③则译成带分号的两个并列句，语义与原文相符，句式也大致相同。

4.5.2疑问句功能的再现

“疑问句带有疑问语气，有些还带有特定的疑问语气词。”（张斌，202_:223）也就是说，疑问句带有疑问语气词以及问号的标记。从类别上看，根据是否要求对方回答，可以分为有疑而问的疑问句和无疑而问的反问句及设问句。从功能上看，有疑而问的疑问句要求对方反馈信息，具有呼唤功能；无疑而问的反问和设问句多用来加强语气，渲染气氛，或抒发感慨，具有表情功能。下面我们分别讲述这两大类别疑问句的翻译及其功能的再现。

一、有疑而问的疑问句功能的再现

就该类疑问句式及其功能而言，汉语和英语之间共性大于异性，翻译时一般无须作大的调整。

（1）记者问：“202_年奥运会点燃圣火的时候，您会在开幕式现场吗？”何振梁回答说：“只要我身体还行，我一定会去开幕式的。”

When the holy fire of the Olympic Games of 202_ is lit, will you be at the scene of the opening ceremony?“ asked a reporter.”If my physical condition permits, I will definitely be there.“（“此生无憾——记国际奥委会执委何振梁”）（2）子贡曰：“贫而无谄，富而无骄，何如？”子曰：“可也。未若贫而乐道，富而好礼者也。”

Tzu-kung said, ”Poor without cadging, rich without swagger.What of that?“ The Master said, ”Not bad.But better still, 'Poor, yet delighting in the Way, rich, yet a student of ritual.'“（孔子《论语》，Arthur Waley译）

译文和原文语义相符，一样有疑而问，有问有答，同样具有呼唤功能。（1）那天，他挑着担子来到我们村，见到我就乐，说：“娃呀，你要给我做媳妇吗？” “对呀！”

他张着大嘴笑了，露出了一嘴的黄牙。他那长在半个葫芦样的头上的白发，也随着笑声一起抖动着。

“你为啥要给我做媳妇呀？” “我要天天吃灶糖呢。”

One day, he came to our village with his goods.He saw me and smiled: ”And so, you want to be my bride?“ ”Yes.“ He laughed, exposing his yellowing broken teeth.The few strands of white hair at the back of his gourd-like pate also quivered.”Now why do you want to be my bride?“ ”I want to eat sticky candy.“（张洁“拣麦穗”，朱虹译）原文中的“我”是一个年幼天真、不谙世事的小姑娘。大人戏谑地问她为啥跟在姐姐身后拣麦穗时，她天真地答道要备嫁妆，嫁给那个挑担卖灶糖的老汉。于是就有了以上的问和答。

（4）余曰：“唐以诗取士，而诗之宗匠必推李杜。卿爱宗何人？” 芸发议曰：“杜诗锤炼精纯，李诗潇洒落拓；与其学杜之森严，不如学李之活泼。”

”Poetry was used,“ I said, ”as a literary test in the imperial examinations of the T'ang Dynasty, and people acknowledge Li Po and Tu Fu as the master poets.Which of the two do you like better?“ ”Tu's poems,“ she said, ”are known for their workmanship and artistic refinement, while Li's poems are known for their freedom and naturalness of expression.I prefer the vivacity of Li Po to the severity of Tu Fu.“（沈复《浮生六记》，林语堂译）原文中的“余”（我）和“芸”是一对幸福的新婚夫妻。两人议论诗仙李白和诗圣杜甫及其诗风，夫问妇答，其乐融融。林语堂先生根据英语对话的书面表达习惯，在译文中将直接引语拆分到I said和she said的两边，并对句子结构作了调整。

二、无疑而问的反问句和设问句功能的再现

反问和设问都是无疑而问，多用作修辞手法。反问，又叫反诘，它是明知故问，用疑问的形式表示肯定或否定的意思。反问大都表达气愤或不满的情绪，所以它总是采取毋庸置疑的语气来表达确定的内容，使重要的内容得到强调和突出。设问，是故意从正面或反面提出问题，接着自己做出解答，或者问而不答以引起别人的注意，使语言气势强烈，生动活泼，富有变化。由于这类疑问句并不要求反馈信息，而是表达说话人的主观情感，因而主要具有表情功能。汉语和英语都有反问句和设问句，功能也相似。

（5）①这个上帝不是别人，就是全中国的人民大众。②全国人民大众一齐起来和我们一道挖这两座山，有什么挖不平呢？

Our God is none other than the masses of the Chinese people.If they stand up and dig together with us, why can't these two mountains be cleared away?（毛泽东《愚公移山》，北京外文出版社1965年版译文）原文“有什么挖不平呢？”是以否定反问表达肯定的结论，意思是“一定挖得平”。译文（why can't...）保留了否定反问的形式。原文句②意合，两个分句间实为条件和结果的关系。译文增加表示条件的连词if，变意合为形合。从表意和构句的双重效果来看，句①中none other than词组的选择是非常精当的。

（6）大抵世上无难为的事，只胡乱做将去，自有水到渠成日子。如子髯之才，天下事何不可为？

All in all, nothing in this world is that hard to do--just charge ahead and do it!A day will inevitably come when ”the ditch will be dug and the waters flow through.“ For a man with talent like yours, there is nothing in the world that is impossible.（袁宏道《致李子髯》，Jonathan Chaves译）

该例“天下事何不可为？”也是以否定反问表达“天下事无不可为”的肯定结论。译文舍弃了疑问句形式，代之以双重否定there is nothing...impossible的陈述句式，主要是出于构句的考虑。语义方面两者区别不大，但就表情功能而言，陈述句的效果不及疑问句。

（7）“把女儿当东西卖！”这句话是那样刺伤了她的心，又是那样地熟悉！是谁在女儿一样的年纪含着女儿一样的激情喊过？是谁？——唉唉！不是别人，正是她自己呀！„„

Selling your daughter like some merchandise!” These words that had deeply wounded her were, nevertheless, familiar to her.Who was it who at around Huangmei's age, and wiht the same outraged vehemence had uttered those very words? Who was it?--Who!None other than herself!...（张弦《被爱情遗忘的角落》，Hu Zhihui译）该例中接连两次设问“是谁„„喊过？”“是谁？”极其强烈地表达了小说女主人公存妮和荒妹内心的辛酸苦辣和无限感慨。译文同样采用两个设问句，与原文语义相符，表情功能也相当。

4.5.3祈使句功能的再现

祈使句是表示命令、请求、劝告等意义的句子，主要由表示动作、行为的充当谓语的词语构成，主语往往是第二人称代词“你、你们、您”或第一人称代词的复数形式“我们、咱们”等。由于交际对象是明确的，祈使句的主语通常可以不出现。（张斌，202_）祈使句要求对方用行为反馈，因而具有呼唤功能。汉语祈使句英译时，多半译为祈使句，有时也译作语义相符、具有同样呼唤功能的其他句式。

（1）母亲在盛饺子的时候，把这个大钱饺子盛在一个碗里，又偷偷把它拨在紧上边，然后把这碗饺子推到我面前：“①吃吧，②多吃，③趁热吃。”

When Mother scooped up the dumplings, she deliberately put the good-luck dumpling on top of the others in the bowl and pushed the bowl to me, saying, “Help yourself.Take as many as you like while they are hot.”（张林《大钱饺子》，夏乙琥译）

母亲希望儿子能吃到带来好运的大钱饺子，对儿子一连说了三个祈使句。译文句①与原文对应，②、③两句并成了一个主从复合的祈使句，与原文功能相同，符合英语表达习惯。

（2）“我知道了。——瑜儿，可怜他们坑了你，他们将来总有报应，天都知道；①你闭了眼就是了。——你如果真在这里，听到我的话，——②便叫这乌鸦飞上你的坟顶，给我看罢。”

“I know,” she continued.“They murdered you.But a day of reckoning will come, Heaven will see to it.①Close your eyes in peace....If you are really here, and can hear me, ②make that crow fly on to your grave as a sign.”（鲁迅《药》，杨宪益、戴乃迭译）

该例是一位母亲对含冤九泉的儿子的谈话。原文含两个祈使句，译文句式与原文大体对应。值得注意的是，两个祈使句的译文都作了少许必要的调整。句①根据语境增添了介词短语in peace；句②调换了叙述角度，将“给我看罢”转换成as a sign。这两处的处理都很见功力。

（3）奏国歌，请全体起立。

a.Now it's time for the National Anthem.Please all stand up.b.Please rise for the National Anthem.该例可以有译文a和b两种处理方法。译文a含两个对应的简单句，译文b合二为一。“奏国歌”一句以译文a的方式处理时具有一定的典型意义，即，有一类汉语祈使句译成英语时，不再以祈使句式，而是以“It's time...”的句式来表达。如“该出发了”It's time to start off，“上课了”It's time to begin our class.（4）二十日，晓钟初动，即闻江口唤渡声。余惊起，呼曹同济。曹曰：“勿急。宜饱食登舟。”

On the twentieth, as soon as the morning temple bell had struck, I already heard the ferry-man crying at the bank for passengers to come aboard.I got up in a hurry and asked Ts'ao to go together.“No hurry.We must eat something before going down to the boat,” said Ts'ao.（沈复《浮生六记》，林语堂译）该例中的祈使句“勿急”可作多种处理，如There's no hurry about it、Don't be in such a hurry、No need to hurry，但都不及本译文No hurry来得干脆简洁。这其中，There's no hurry about it和No hurry都不是祈使句，但具备相同的“呼唤”（vocative）这一交际功能。

4.5.4感叹句功能的再现

感叹句表达感叹语气，往往带有感叹词和感叹号，„„

（3）我更爱躺在洁净轻柔的细沙上，静听着海潮的倾诉；当微风轻轻地从我的身边掠过，那种清凉又轻松的感觉，真是舒适极了，甜美极了！

I'm even more inclined to lie on the clean and soft sandy beach and listen quietly to the sea unbosoming itself.How comfortable and refreshed I will be to feel the cool gentle sea breeze brushing past me!（谢冰莹《海恋》，张培基译）

（4）三月里刘熏宇君来信，说互生病了，而且是没有希望的病，医生说只好等日子了。四月底在《时事新报》上见到立达学校的通告，想不到这么快互生就殁了！

In March I heard from Mr.Liu Xunyu that Husheng was sick and hopelessly sick at that.The doctor said there was nothing he could do but to wait for the day to arrive.Toward the end of April, I came across an obituary issued by Lida School in the newspaper Current Affairs.How quickly the day had arrived!（朱自清《哀互生》，刘士聪译）

以上四例的感叹句分别译为英语中常见的“what + adj....”、“...such a + noun...”、“How + adj....”和“How + adv....”的感叹句式，其表情功能与原文相当。

（5）但我不能放歌，悄悄是别离的笙箫；

夏虫也为我沉默，沉默是今晚的康桥！

But I cannot sing aloud: Quietness is my farewell music;Even summer insects keep silence for me: Silent is Cambridge tonight!（徐志摩《再别康桥》，胡士光译）该例中“沉默是今晚的康桥！”不是严格语法意义上的感叹句，而是以倒装语序和感叹号表达诗人深挚情感的修辞意义上的感叹句。译文的句式与原文相当，语义和交际功能也和原文相当。

4.5.5语气与交际功能不一致的句子的翻译

前面提到句子的语气或句类与句子的交际功能可能不一致的情况。陈述句通常具备信息功能，但有些陈述句可能蕴含一个命令或请求，因而具备呼唤功能；它也可能蕴含某种感叹，因而具备表情功能。其他三种句类也有类似情况。在汉英翻译时，除了把握语义外，还应该根据语境对句子的功能做出判断，将两者准确传达到译文中来。一味拘泥于句类的语言形式，则有可能导致功能错位。

（1）别出声！

Silence!（2）别做梦了！

You're daydreaming!（3）你在做梦吧？

You're daydreaming!例1为祈使句，具备呼唤功能，语气和交际用途一致，译文也一样。例2句式貌似例1，形似祈使句，实为感叹句，具备表情功能，语气和交际用途不一致。译文以感叹句替换祈使句类，保证了与原文相同的功能。例3取疑问之形，表感叹之实，具备表情功能，语气和交际用途也不一致。译文以感叹句替换疑问句，也准确再现了原文的功能。

（4）冲：不，哥哥，母亲说好久不见你。你不愿意一起坐一坐，谈谈么？

蘩：你看，你让哥哥歇一歇，他愿意一个人坐着的。

萍（有些烦）：那也不见得，我总怕父亲回来，您很忙，所以——（曹禺《雷雨》，王佐良、巴恩斯译）

Chong: Oh no, you don't.Mother says she hasn't seen you for a long time.Why not sit down with us and have a chat? Fan: Don't stop him, Chong.Let him go and have a rest if he wants to.I expect he wants to be let alone.Ping(somewhat nettled): Not at all.It's just that I thought you'd be very busy now that Father's at home, and I--“你不愿意一起坐一坐，谈一谈么？”形式上为疑问句，实际上是以否定问句表请求，要求对方以行为反馈，具备类似祈使句的呼唤功能。译文取否定反问句式（Why not...），实际上亦表请求，与原文具有同样的呼唤功能。

（5）（宋恩子：）“民国好几年了，怎么还请安？你们不会鞠躬吗！”

We've set up a republic for several years.No need to bend the knee.Don't you know how to bow in a new style?（老舍《茶馆》）

“怎么还请安？”形为疑问句，实为否定祈使，意思是“别再请安了”。译作否定陈述句No need to bend the knee，与原文具有相同的呼唤功能。“你们不会鞠躬吗！”形为感叹，实际也是祈使，要求对方以鞠躬的方式行礼。译作否定反问句Don't you know how...，也与原文一样具有祈使句意味，呼唤功能也相当。

第五篇：高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇

高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇(1)第一篇 回顾与展望

回顾过去，东亚地区发生了深刻变化，取得了巨大进步。展望未来，我们可以满怀信心地说，推功东亚经济和社会发展达到新的水平，已经具备了比较良好的条件。

In retrospect, profound changes and tremendous progress have taken place in East Asia.Looking ahead, we can say with full confidence that relatively sound conditions exist for East Asia to raise its economic and social development to a new level.维护地区的和平与稳定，发展经济科技，扩大互利合作，促进共同繁荣，成为东亚各国的共识。东亚国家致力于在相互尊重、平等相待、互不干涉内政的基础上发展相互关系，通过友好协商妥善处理存在的某些分歧。东亚政局稳定，国家关系良好。这为东亚各国保持经济持续增长，发展经济合作，创造了重要的前提条件。

It has become the shared understanding of East Asian countries to maintain regional peace and stability, develop the economy, science and technology, expand mutually beneficial cooperation, and promote common prosperity.East Asian countries are committed to the development of their relations on the basis of mutual respect, treating one another as equals and non-interference in one another’s internal affairs and properly addressing some existing differences through friendly consultations.With political stability, East Asian countries enjoy good relations among themselves.This has provided an important prerequisite for the sustained economic growth of East Asian countries and the development of their economic cooperation.东亚国家具有相当的经济实力，有的进入了发达阶段，有的踏上了新兴工业化的航程，有的正在步入快速发展的行列。这一地区拥有丰富的劳动力资源和自然资源，各国都在按照自己的实际情况确定发展战略，不断调整产业结构，转变增展方式，促进科技进步，加强对外经济联系。这为东亚各国开展经济合作提供了广阔的空间。

East Asian countries have built up significant economic strength.Some have entered the developed stage, others have joined the rank of newly industrialized nations, and still other shave embarked on the road of rapid growth.Endowed with rich human and natural resources,countries in this region have formulated their development strategies in light of their actual conditions, constantly readjusted their industrial structure, effected shifts in modes of growth,promoted scientific and technological progress, and strengthened external economic exchanges.All this has provided a broad scope for East Asian countries to engage in economic cooperation.东亚各国人民在漫长的历史实践中创造了自己的优秀文化。这种文化传统，以社会集体为重，崇尚自尊自强、艰苦奋斗、勤劳节俭、谦虚好学的美德，处理人际关系提倡和洽协调，对待国际关系主张和平共处。这是宝贵的精神财富。只要东亚各国结合本国的实际，顺应时代的潮流，弘扬和运用这些具有东方特色的文化传统和智慧，同时经济吸取世界各国人民创造的一切进步文明成果，就可以为不断发展东亚经济合作提供精神动力。

Through their long histories, the peoples of East Asian countries have created their own fine cultural traditions.These cultural traditions attach great value to social communities uphold such virtues as self-strengthening arduous effort, industriousness, frugality, modesty and eagerness to learn.They stress harmony in handling human relations and stand for peaceful coexistence in international relations.These cultural conditions constitute valuable spiritual legacy.As long as East Asian countries keep up with the trend of the times and carry forward and apply those cultural traditions and wisdom with oriental features in light of their actual national conditions while vigorously absorbing all fruits of human progress and civilization, the development of economic cooperation in East Asia will be further boosted by these spiritual motivations.总之，从政治、经济、文化、地缘等各方面看，东亚都是当今世界一支不可忽视的力量。东亚经济发展的前景是光明的。

All in all, East Asia in today’s world is a force that cannot be ignored politically, economically, culturally or geographically.The prospect for East Asia’s economic development is promising.当然，在充分看到东亚经济发展取得成就的同时，也要正视前进中存在的困难和障碍。例如，东亚国家不同程度地存在不合理的经济结构，不健全的金融体制，粗放型的增长方式，滞后的基础设施建设，以及沉重的人口和环保压力等问题，都需要认真对待，切实加以解决。Of course, while fully recognizing the economic achievements in East Asia, we must also look squarely into the difficulties and obstacles on the road ahead.For instance East Asian countries suffer, to varying degrees, from untenable economic structures, flawed financial systems, crude modes of growth, backward infrastructures and the enormous pressures brought about by over-population and the increasing need for environmental controls.These problems need to be addressed seriously and resolved effectively.近年来发生在东南亚的金融危机，给人们以深刻启示。金融体系的正常运行，对经济全局的稳定和发展至关重要。在各国经济联系日益密切的条件下，保持健康稳定的金融形势，需要各国在完善金融的体制、政策和监管上进行努力，需要加强国际和地区的金融合作，需要共同防范国际游资过度投机。这样才能有效地维护国际金融秩序。

Southeast Asia’s recent financial crisis has taught people a profound lesson.Normal functioning of the financial system is crucial to overall economic stability and development.To maintain a sound and stable financial order in a closely intertwined global economy, it is imperative for countries to work to improve there financial system, policies and supervision,to strengthen both regional and international financial cooperation and jointly ward off excessive speculation by international hot money.Only by doing so can we effectively maintain the international financial order.我们相信，经过共同努力，东亚各国人民一定能够在新的世纪中，创造更加美好的未来。We believe that as long as we work together, the peoples of East Asia will certainly build a better future in the new century.高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇(2)第二篇 回归颂

香港回归祖国诗中华民族的盛事，也是全世界瞩目的一件大事。中华民族雪洗了百年耻辱，振奋了民族精神，感到无比的骄傲和自豪。

The return of Hong Kong to the motherland is botha great victory for the Chinese nation and a greatevent attracting worldwide attention.It has wipedout the century-old humiliation of the Chinesenation and activated the national spirit, and we arevery proud of it.香港实现平稳过渡，标志着邓小平“一国两制”构想的巨大成功，对澳门回归和解决台湾问题，实现祖国完全统一将起到积极的推动作用。香港自回归祖国以来，保持了原有的社会、经济制度不变，生活方式不变和法律基本不变，“一国两制”、“港人治港”、高度自治的方针和香港特别行政区基本法得到全面贯彻执行。香港社会稳定，人心稳定，经济保持稳健运行。The smooth transition of power in Hong Kong is a great success attributable to DengXiaoping’s concept of “one country, two systems” and will facilitate the return of Macao to themotherland and the solution of the Taiwan issue, all with a view to achieving the completereunification of the motherland.Since its return, Hong Kong’s previous socioeconomic systemand way of life have remained unchanged and its laws have been kept basically unchanged.Thepolicies of “one country, two systems”, and “Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong” witha high degree of autonomy, and the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Regionhave been implemented in an all-round way.Hong Kong now enjoys social stability, itsresidents have a sense of security and its economy is developing smoothly.中央政府全力支持香港特别行政区政府的工作，支持香港为应付东南亚金融风暴的冲击而采取的措施。我们高兴地看到，香港特别行政区作为独立的选举单位，选出自己的全国人大代表，出席本次大会，参与管理国家大事。香港回归祖国以来已经有了一个良好的开端，也一定会有更加美好的未来。

The central government has given full support to the government of HKSAR in its work and inthe measures it has taken for dealing with the impact of the financial crises in Southeast Asiancountries.We are pleased to see that, as an independent constituency, HKSAR has electeddeputies to attend this congress and participate in the administration of state affairs.HongKong’s return has had a good beginning and Hong Kong’s future will be even brighter.高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇(3)第三篇 文化交流

现代化的交通、电信与大众传媒手段使世界越来越小，国际社会如同一个地球村，居住在地球村里的各国人民在文化交流和冲撞中和睦相处、彼此尊重、共求发展。

Modern means of transportation,telecommunication and mass media have shortenedthe geographical distance of the world.Theinternational community appears to be no morethan a global village, in which peoples of all nationsexperience the inevitable cultural exchanges andclashes, while seeking common development in a harmonious and respectful relationship.我赞同这种的看法：当代社会的民族文化不可能在自我封闭的状态下得到发展。在我看来，不同的文化应该相互学习，取长补短。当然，在广泛的文化交流中，一个民族的文化必须保持本民族的鲜明特色。我认为，文化交流不是让外来文化吞没自己的文化，而是为了丰富各民族的文化。I’m with the view that in this modern world, the culture of any nation cannot develop inisolation.And I believe that different cultures should learn from each other’s strengths tooffset their own weaknesses.Of course, the culture of a nation must withhold its owndistinctive national characteristics in its extensive exchange with other cultures.Culturalexchange, I think, is by no means a process of losing one’s own culture to a foreign culture,but a process of enriching each other’s national curltures.高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇(4)第四篇 外交基石

中国将坚定不移地综合执行和平独立的外交政策。中国的外交政策是为了争取长期健康的国际环境，尤其是争取有利于中国社会主义现代化建设的环境，有利于维护世界和平、促进共同发展的环境。

China will unswervingly carry out its independentforeign policy of peace in a comprehensive manner.China’s foreign policy serves to gain a long-term,sound international environment.Particularly, thepolicy aims to achieve an environment conduciveto China’s socialist modernization drive, the maintenance of world peace and the promotionof joint development.中国将继续加强同发展中国家，特别是周边国家的积极关系，坚持睦邻友好的政策。我们要贯彻中国—东盟伙伴关系。我们要进一步在广泛领域里同西方发达国家进行合作与交流。我们要加强同非洲、拉丁美洲、南亚、中欧和东欧的团结与合作，努力建立公正与合理的国际政治秩序和国际经济秩序。

China will continue to foster positive relationships with the developing countries and especiallysurrounding countries, persisting in a good-neighborly and friendly policy.We will implementthe outcome of the China-ASEAN informal summit and intensify the China-ASEANpartnership of mutual trust oriented toward the 21st century.We will further developextensive cooperation and exchange with the developed countries of the west in a widerange of areas.We will also strengthen unity and cooperation with countries in Africa, LatinAmerica, South Asia, and Central and Eastern Europe, striving to establish a just and rationalinternational political and economic order.中国还将继续参与全球性、洲际性和地区性的多边外交活动，在联合国改革、地区冲突、维护和平、裁军、军备控制和环境保护方面发挥建设性的作用。

China will continue to take part in multilateral diplomatic activities of a global, intercontinentaland regional nature, and play a constructive role in the affairs of UN reform, the settlement ofregional conflicts, peace-keeping, disarmament, arms control and environmental protection.高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇(5)第五篇 南方园林

中国园林可分为御花园和私家花园两类。前者多见于北方，后者则多见于南方，尤以苏州、无锡和南京三地为甚。

Chinese gardens can be pided into two categories,the imperial and the private.The former are seenmost frequently in northern China, while more of thelatter can be found in the south, especially inSuzhou, Wuxi and Nanjing.南方私家花园中的溪、桥、山、亭、小巧玲珑，布局精明，尽显其自然美，令人赏心悦目。桥大多为石桥，有直桥、曲桥、拱桥。直桥其实是一块不加装饰的石板，通常与河岸或河水齐高，给人一种临水的感觉。曲桥设有低栏杆，西湖上的九曲桥就属此桥。拱桥可以分为单拱桥和多拱桥两种。园内的小溪虽占地不多，却同小桥与石屿相得益彰，浑然一体。

Small and delicate, cleverly laid out and pleasing to eye, the streams, bridges, rockeries andpavilion of a private Chinese garden reveal a natural beauty of their own.Most of the bridges inthese gardens are of stone, including straight, winding and arched bridges.The straight bridgeconsists of just one stone slab without any decoration, and is usually level with the riverbankor with the river to make the visitors feel as if they are surrounded by water.The winding bridgehas low balustrades.The arch bridges can be pided into the single-arch and the multi-archvarieties.Streams in these gardens do not cover a large area, but fit in well with bridges andislets to yield a uniformed effect.石头与假山是中国南方园林的特色。奇形怪状的石头常带有引人注目的波纹线条和水孔。硕大的石头可自成一景，而较小的石块则堆积成假山，为园林增添无比魅力。走廊是中国园林的另一大特色，有河边的河廊，花丛中的花廊，柳树丛中的柳廊，竹林中的竹廊。对客人来说，这些走廊可谓是优秀导游，在一座大花园里沿廊而行，可以观赏园内的各处景观。

Rocks and rockeries are special features of southern Chinese gardens.Stones of grotesqueforms are often attractive with undulated lines and water holes.Some large stones formsceneries of their own, while smaller ones are put together to form artificial hills to add to thefantastic attractiveness of the garden.Corridors form another feature of Chinese gardens.There are water corridors built along a riverside, flower corridors inserted among flowers, willowcorridors among rows of willow, and bamboo corridors among rows of bamboo.For visitors,these corridors are good travel guides leading to various views of a big garden.形态各异的窗户点缀在走廊上，有方形，有圆形，有六角形，也有八角形。许多窗户的图案也都装饰得非常美丽，游客可以透过这些艳丽多彩的走廊窗户，将园内的佳境尽收眼底。园林的大门同窗户一样也雕刻成各种形状，给环境带来了生气，增添了雅趣。

Corridors are dotted by windows of various shapes—square, round, hexagonal and octagonal.Many of the windows are decorated with very beautiful patterns and designs.Tourists can havean excellent view of the garden through these colorful corridor windows.The doors to thegardens, like the windows, are also carved in many different shapes, to bring more vividnessand elegance to the surroundings.花园的墙壁通常粉刷成白色。隐匿在鲜花、树木、小山丛中的白墙，与灰瓦褐窗形成强烈的反差。白墙上树影婆娑，池塘中柳枝起舞，在园中徜徉的游客，也许能在这室外桃园里真正地享受片刻安宁。

Walls of these gardens are usually painted white.Hidden among the flowers, trees and hills,white walls stand in sharp contrast to the gray tiles and brown windows.Strolling about thesegardens, with the tree shadows swaying on the white wall and willow reflections dancing in theponds, tourists may then find themselves truly enjoying a moment of peace and relaxation inthis paradise beyond the turmoil of the world.高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇(6)第6篇 问题

问题是中国的内政，不应该影响中英关系的发展。至于喇嘛所说的他不要求独立，只要高度自治，这已不是他第一次提出来的。这只是他想在恢复统治、进而取得独立的第一步。事实已经证明喇嘛从未放弃独立的企图。他继续在国际舞台上从事类似活动。我们希望他放弃自己的立场，停止祖国的活动，承认中华人民共和国政府是代表全中国的唯一合法政府。只有在这样的条件下才能进行谈判。The issue of is an internal affair of China whichshould not influence the development of Sino-Britishrelations.As for the Dalai Lama’s remarks that he did not want to achieve independence of ,but high level autonomy, this is not the first time he has made this proposal.This is merelythe first step toward restoration of his rule over prior to achieving independence.Facts haveproved that Dalai Lama has never given up his attempt to gain independence for.He iscontinuously carrying out such activities in the international arena.We hope he can give up hisposition and stop his activities to split the motherland, and recognize the government of thePeople's Republic of China as the only legal government representing the whole of China.Onlyunder such circumstances can negotiations be conducted.高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇(7)联合国

联合国会议应该是一个讨论人类共同面临的问题、促进事业发展的场所。推动进步是人类的共同愿望。然而，是一个有历史渊源的发展的概念。人类的状况因每个国家的经济发展水平、社会制度、文化传统、历史背景和价值观念的不同而有所不同。因此有争议是自然的。这些争议可以通过磋商、对话和不干涉别国的内政加以解决，这已成为国际社会的共识。

The UN Human Rights Conference should be a placewhere the common problems of mankind arediscussed and the human rights cause promoted.It is the common wish of mankind to pushforward progress in human rights.However, the human rights concept is a developmentalconcept stemming from history.Human rights conditions vary due to the differences ofinpidual countries in terms of economic development, social system, cultural tradition,historical background and value concepts.It is natural that disputes arise.The disputes can behandled through consultation and dialogue without some countries interfering in othercountries’ internal affairs.This has long been the consensus within the internationalcommunity.我认为，一个国家的状况如何应该依据这个国家的普通老百姓能否享有政治权、经济权、文化权、受教育权以及生存权来衡量。中国人民在中国状况问题上最有发言权。中国作为一个发展中国家，其状况有双重含义：首先我们的状况正在发展和改善。其次，正因为我们的状况仍在发展过程中，因而有些问题的出现是不可避免的，需要得到改进。因为不完善，所以需要发展。

In my view, a country's human rights conditions should be estimated based on whether or notthe general public of the country can enjoy political, economic, cultural, educational andsubsistence rights.The Chinese people are most eligible to have a say in the issue regardingthe human rights situation in China.As China is a developing country, its human rights situationhas a two-fold meaning: Firstly, our human rights conditions are developing and improving;and secondly, as they are still in the process of development, some problems unavoidableexist and need improving.Because human rights are not perfect, they need to develop.了解中国历史的人都知道，中国目前的状况是历史上最好的。同过去相比，我们有充分的言论自由。有个海外朋友告诉我，他在访问北京后发现那里的人敢说任何事。他们谈论政府的政策，有表示赞同的，也有提出批评的。中国现在更加开放。当然，每个民族有自己的民族特点，这些特点应该受到别人的尊重。中华民族有自己的思维方式和生活方式，应该受到其他民族的尊重。

Anyone who knows about Chinese history believes that the current human rights situation inChina is the best in history.Compared to the past, we are very free in speech.An overseasfriend told me that after he visited Beijing he discovered that people there would dare sayanything.They talked about the central government's policies, and praised or criticized them.China is now opening even wider.Of course, each nationality has its own national features whichshould be respected.The Chinese nation also has its own mode of thinking and life, whichshould be respected by other nations.中国政府一直十分重视问题，并按普遍原则和具体国情为的改善付出了很大的努力。20年的改革开放大大改善了中国人民的物质生活。此外，随着国家民主法治建设的日趋完善，中国人民在民主监督、参政议政和宗教信仰等方面享有更多的政治权利。迄今为止，中国已加入了18项国际公约，其中包括《经济、社会与文化权利国际公约》和《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》。中国将继续努力促进的进步，并愿意为全球的事业作出应有的贡献。

The Chinese government has always attached great importance to the issue of human rightsand made great efforts in improving human rights according to the general principles andconcrete national conditions.20 years of reform and opening up have witnessed greatimprovement in the material life of the Chinese people.Moreover, with the increasingperfection of the nation's democratic and legal construction, they are enjoying more politicalrights in democratic supervision, participation in and discussion on politics and religiousbelief.China has so far signed 18 international agreements on human rights, including theCovenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.China will continue to make efforts to promote progress in human rights, and is willing tomake its due contribution to the cause of global human rights.高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇(8)第8篇 中餐烹饪与菜系

说起中餐，人们都知道中餐烹饪以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称于世。中国悠久的历史、广袤的疆土、好客的习俗，这些都孕育了中餐烹饪的独特艺术。中餐烹饪讲究原料的选配、食物的质地、佐料的调制、切菜的刀工、适时的烹调，以及装盘艺术。最负盛名的中餐菜系有南方的粤菜、北方的鲁菜、东部的淮扬菜和西部的川菜，素有“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”之特点。

In terms of Chinese food, it is popularly recognizedthat Chinese cuisine is world-famous for its perfectcombination of “color, aroma, taste and appearance”.China's unique culinary art owes itselfto the country's long history, vast territory and hospitable tradition.Chinese cuisine givesemphasis to the selection of raw materials, the texture of food, the blending of seasoningsslicing techniques, the perfect timing of cooking and the art of laying out the food on the plate,among the best-known schools of Chinese culinary tradition are the Cantonese cuisine of thesouth, the Shandong cuisine of the north, the Huai-Yang cuisine of the east and the Sichuancuisine of the west.These four major varieties of Chinese food have been traditionally noted as“the light flavor of the south, the salty flavor of the north, the sweet flavor of the east andthe spicy-hot flavor of the west”.高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇(9)第9篇 全面合作

我们双方已一致同意建立面向21世纪的睦邻互信伙伴关系。为了实现这个目标，我愿在这里提出以下几点意见：ur twosides have agreed to establish a good-neighborlypartnership of mutual trust oriented towards the21st century.To reach this goal, I would like to offermy observations as follows: ——充分运用已经确立的全面对话合作机制，拓展双方在各个领域、各个层次、各个渠道的交流与合作，加强双方领导人和各界人士之间的交往，增进信任，扩大共识，加强友谊。We should make the best use of the existing mechanism of all-round dialogue andcooperation to broaden our exchanges and cooperation in all areas, at all levels and throughall channels, and strengthen the exchanges and contacts between leaders and people from allwalks of life of our two sides to enhance our mutual trust, expand common ground andpromote friendship.——本着优势互补、互利互惠的原则，把双方经贸、科技合作摆到重要地位，加强在资源、技术、市场、金融、信息、人力资源开发以及投资等领域的合作，以利于相互促进，共同发展。

We should give priority to our economic relations and trade, scientific and technologicalcooperation between our two sides in accordance with the principle of drawing on eachother's comparative advantages and mutual benefit and reinforce the cooperation in theareas of resources, technology marketing, banking, information, human resources developmentand investment to promote common progress.——在一些重大的地区和国际问题上，在联合国、亚太经合组织、亚欧会议以及东盟地区论坛中，加强双方的相互对话，相互协调，相互支持，共同维护发展中国家的正当权益，促进发展中国家公正平等、不受歧视地参与国际经济决策和运行。

We should intensify two-way dialogue, coordination and mutual support between our twosides on major regional and international issues and in the United Nations, APEC(Asia-PacificEconomic Cooperation), AES(Asia-Europe Summit)and ARF(ASEAN Regional Forum)with a viewto jointly safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the developing countries andpromoting their fair and equal participation in the international economic decision-making andoperation without discrimination.——继续通过平等友好协商，处理彼此间存在的一些分歧和争议，寻求问题的逐步解决。有些分歧一时解决不了，可以暂时搁置，求同存异，而不要因此影响双方睦邻互信伙伴关系的建立和发展。

We should continue our efforts in handling the existing differences or disputes throughfriendly consultations on an equal footing and seek a progressive solution to the problems.Those differences that cannot be solved for the time being may be shelved temporarily in thespirit of seeking common ground while putting aside differences so that they will not stand inthe way of the establishment and development of the good-neighborly partnership of mutualtrust between the two sides.中国始终不渝地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，中国队外政策的最高宗旨是和平。中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，社会生产力水平总的还比较低，还要经过几十年的艰苦奋斗才能实现现代化，需要有长期的和平国际环境，尤其是睦邻友好环境。今后中国发达起来了，仍将继续坚持和平共处5项原则，与世界各国相互尊重，平等相待，友好相处，决不称霸。中国永远是维护世界和地区和平与稳定的坚定力量。

China pursues unswervingly an independent foreign policy of peace, taking peace as theultimate goal.As the largest developing country in the world with a relatively low level ofproductive forces on the whole, China needs a long term peaceful international environmentand a good neighborly environment in particular to realize its modernization programthrough decades of arduous struggles.Even when China is developed, it will continue to adhere to the Five Principles of PeacefulCoexistence, live with other countries in amity in the spirit of mutual respect and treatingothers as equals, and never seek hegemony.China will always be a staunch force inmaintaining regional and global peace and stability.高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇(10)1.But if robots are to reach the next stage oflaborsaving utility, they will have to operate withless human supervision and be able to make atleast' a few decisions for them-selves-goals thatpose a real challenge.[参考译文] 但是如果机器人要达到节省人工的下一个阶段，它们将必须在更少的人力监督之下工作，而且还要能够自己作出至少几个决定--这些目标才会引发真正的挑战。

2.But the human mind can glimpse a rapidlychanging scene and immediately disregard the 8percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a windingforest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.[参考译文] 但是人类的头脑可以只迅速地瞟一眼一个快速改变的场面，然后立刻放弃8%的不相关部分，而马上聚焦于一条崎岖森林道路边的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一张可疑的脸。

3.The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel fora full year, compared with $13 in 18, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies byonly 0.25---0.5% of GDP.[参考译文] OECD在其最近的《经济瞭望》中估计，如果石油价格与18年的每 桶13美元相比在一年中平均为每22美元，这也只会给富裕的经济体的 石油进口账单上增加GDP的0.25%到0.5%。

4.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the170s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation andglobal excess demand.[参考译文] 另外一个不应因油价上涨而失眠的原因是，这次不像70年代的那些次上涨，它并不是在普遍的商品价格暴涨和全球需求过旺的背景之下发生的。5.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, theCourt in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moralprinciple holding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmfulone that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.[参考译文] 尽管它裁决并没有宪法权利来支持医生帮助下的自杀行为，最高法院实际上支持了被称为“双重效果”的医疗原则;这个已有几个世纪历史的道德原则认为一个可能有两个效果的行为--一个想要达到的好的效果和一个已经预见到的有害的效果是被允许的，如果行为的实施者想要的 只是好的效果的话。6.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore MedicalCenter, contends that the principle will shielddoctors who “until now have very, very stronglyinsisted that they could not give patients sufficientmediation to control their pain if that might hastendeath.” [参考译文] Nancy Dubler，Montehore医疗中心的主任，认为这一原则将会保护这样一些医生，他们到目前为止还强烈坚持他们不能够给病人足量的镇痛剂来控制他们的疼痛，如果这么做会加速他们的死亡的话。

7.On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted--suicidedebate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine hasprolonged the physical agony of dying.[参考译文] 在另一个层面上，很多医疗界的人承认，关于医生帮助下的自杀的讨论部分是因为病人的绝望情绪，对他们来说，现代医学已经延长了死亡的身体痛苦。

8.It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forcedmedical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twinproblems of end--of--life care.[参考译文] 它把对疼痛的治疗不足和盲目积极使用“有可能延长死亡时间甚至让死亡过程蒙羞的无效并且强迫性的医疗手段”视为生命临终医护的两个问题。9.In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides abackbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing new.[参考译文] 换句话说，在媒介机构的新闻采编室文化中存在着--套约定俗成的写作模式，为新闻报道提供了主干框架以及可直接套用的叙述结构。若没有这些，新闻内容就会一团混乱，让人摸不着头脑。

10.If it did, it would open up its persity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.[参考译文] 如果新闻界真的注意到了问题的关键，它就应该进一步开放其多样化项目，这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工，而进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层大相径庭的各种记者。

高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇(11)第11篇 旅游与报价

中国国际旅行社为各位安排了富有中华民族文化特色的有趣的旅游线路。各位将要游览举世闻名的景点和名胜，参观雄伟的古建筑群，观赏珍贵的中国文物。你们还将有机会欣赏中国戏剧和杂技表演，赔偿纯真的中国烹调和地方风味小吃。我国人民传统的热情和好客将使各位的访问愉快而又难忘。

China International Travel Service is offering you aninteresting tour program that is characteristic ofChinese national culture.You will visit world-famousscenic spots, historical sites and magnificent ancient architectural complexes, and appreciateprecious cultural relics.You will also have opportunities to enjoy Chinese operas and acrobaticshows, and taste authentic Chinese food and local delicacies.The traditional warmth andhospitality with which the Chinese people entertain their guests will make your visit a pleasantand memorable experience.在各位做出选择之前，我想谈一下本旅行社有关团体旅游的报价问题。首先，参加团体旅游的个人其报价均含交通费、住宿费、膳食费、观光费、导游服务费以及双程国际机票。

Before you make a decision on our tour, I’d like to make some remarks about the quotationpolicies regarding the group tours with this travel agency.First, and inpidual's quotation foreach group tour includes the cost of transportation, accommodation, meals, sightseeing,tour-guide service and round-trip international airplane tickets.其次，每位成人游客可以携带一名年龄在12岁以下儿童，以半价收费。最后，如果发生某些不可预见的、使旅游无法正常进行的情况，本旅行社则保留修改原定计划的权利，包括全额退费。

Next, each adult can take a child under the age of twelve, whose quotation is calculated on ahalf-price basis.And finally, we reserve the right to make changes to the set itinerary shouldwe encounter any unforeseeable circumstances which would prevent us from otherwisenormal operations, including a full refund.高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇(12)第12篇 国际禁毒日

今天是国际禁毒日。我们高兴地看到，世界各国正携起手来向毒品宣战。16天前，联合国大会结束了为期三天的世界反毒品特别会议，从而吹响了规模空前的全球反毒战的号角。

Today is the International Day against Drug Abuseand Illicit Trafficking.To our delight, countriesaround the world are joining hands to combat illicitdrug abuse.Sixteen days ago, the GeneralAssembly of the United Nations concluded athree-day Special Session on fighting the world drugproblem, sounding a clarion call for an unprecedented worldwide war against drugs.人类将要迎接一个新的千年，解决毒品问题显得越来越紧迫。尽管许多国家加强了反毒品的力度，可是毒品市场的泛滥状况越来越严重。据估计，全球毒品的贸易额已达到每年4000亿美元之巨。吸毒者约占全世界人口的3%。统计数据表明，每年全世界死于毒品者达10万人之多，另外还有1千万吸毒者丧失工作能力。As mankind is about to embrace a new millennium, the drug issue takes on an even greaterurgency.Despite of strengthened anti-drug efforts of many countries, the spread of illicitdrugs averages US$400 billion each year.Illicit drug consumption involves about 3 percent ofthe world's population.Statistics indicate as many as 100,000 people die from drugs everyyear worldwide, and 10 million drug users are deprived of the capability to work.毒品问题直接关系到社会稳定与安全，关系到全人类的命运。世界各国都应该充分意识到反毒任务的紧迫性，要采取切实有效的措施扫除毒魔。中国政府始终十分关注毒品问题，并通过法律、政治、行政、经济、文化、教育和其他手段来综合治理吸毒贩毒问题。最近在北京举办的全国反毒展览会已吸引了50万参观者。展览会的目的是集中揭露毒品对社会和家庭造成的危害。

The drug issue has direct bearing on social stability, social security and the destiny ofmankind as a whole.All countries in the world should be fully aware of the pressing anddemanding task of combating drugs and take concrete and effective measures to wipe outthe evil.The Chinese Government has always paid great attention to drug control and taken anintegrated approach to deal with drug abuse and drug trafficking through legal, political,administrative, economic, cultural, educational, and other means.A recent national drugprevention exhibition staged in Beijing drew half a million visitors so far.The exhibition wasintended to spotlight the damage drugs inflict upon society and family.越来越多的人，尤其是年轻人，他们或出于无知，或为了寻求刺激，或受到其他吸毒者的影响，成了毒品的牺牲品。在全国登记在案的吸毒人员中，80%为年轻人。因此，中国的反毒战任重而道远。我们首先要做的是提高人们对毒品危害的认识，给吸毒者以更多的帮助，使他们戒除不良的习惯，实施更严厉的法规打击毒品犯罪行为。

Out of ignorance, or driven by their desire for stimulus, or simply influenced by drug-users, agrowing number of people, especially youngsters, have fallen victim to drugs.Of the drugaddicts registered throughout the country, 80 percent of them are youths.Therefore, much stillremains to be done in China's anti-drug campaign.On top of the agenda, there is the need toraise people's awareness of the harm of drugs, to provide more help for drug addicts to getrid of the unhealthy habit and to enforce stricter laws for drug related crimes.我们希望各国政府在国际反毒合作中担负起应有的责任，将法网撒向毒品市场的每个环节，为我们的后代创建一个无毒的世界。

We hope governments around the world will take their due responsibilities in internationalanti-drug cooperation, and spread the net of justice over every link of the drug market, sothat a drug-free world will be created for our future generations.高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇(13)第13篇 民主化进程

中国这个有着9亿农民的世界上人口最多的国家，民主化进程正在发生着新的深刻变化—在大约100万的村落中，群众公开地推选出自己拥护的领头人，这就是10年来在中国广大农村推行的村民委员会选举。民主意识的春风细雨，滋润着辽阔的中国大地。

The process of democratization has made muchheadway in China, the world's most populouscountry with 900 million farmers.In some one millionrural villages, residents have elected their favoriteleaders to make up the villagers' committee.This election breeze, which originated a decadeago and has thus swept across the country's vast rural areas, has helped foster and enhancethe consciousness of democracy of the vast number of Chinese farmers.村委会选举的实践表明，凡是经过广大农民群众依法直接选举产生的村委会干部，绝大多数为人正直，工作能力强，工作作风比较好，懂经济，会管理，是带领村民致富奔小康，建设富裕、民主、文明的社会主义新农村的带头人。最新一轮换届选举资料显示，新当选的村委会成员教育程度不断提高，年龄结构日趋合理。初中文化程度占70%以上，有些还是大专、大学学历。在全国，30岁左右的年轻人进入村委会的大到60%。农村基层干部队伍的整体素质明显提高。The practice of village committee elections shows that the majority of committee cadres directlyelected by the farmers in accordance with the law are upright and capable, have a good ofadministration, and know economics and management.They are leaders who can help theirfellow villagers get on the road leading to a comfortable life, reach a moderate level ofprosperity and build new socialist village which are prosperous, democratic and cultured.Studies of the latest round of election indicate that the newly elected members of villagers’committees are better educated and younger in age: about 70% have received junior middleschool education while a few have received a junior college of university education.Youngpeople around the age of 30 make up 60% of the membership of the newly elected villagers’committees.The overall quality of the contingent of rural grassroots cadres has improvedsignificantly.民主意识的生长正是从最基层的村级选举，从农民生活中，从身边熟悉的人开始的。在村委会的选举中，村民们通过选民登记、候选人提名、预选、参加投票这一项项活动，得到了实实在在的民主训练，开始培育起民主意识和法制观念。A sense of democracy has indeed grown from the most elementary village-level election, andfrom the election of the people familiar to the farmer voters.In the course of election, thefarmers have received actual democratic training from the process of registrating as voters,nominating candidates, pre-electing and casting votes.This process has also fostered theirsense of democracy and law.中国政府认为，扩大基层民主，保证人民群众直接行使民主权力，依法管理自己多时期，创造自己的幸福生活，是社会主义民主最广泛的实践;并要求城乡基层政权机关和基层群众性自治组织都要健全民主选举制度，实行政务公开和财务公开，让群众参与讨论和决定基层公共事务和公益事业，对干部实行明主监督。The Chinese government holds that it is the mostextensive practice of socialist democracy toexpand grassroots democracy, ensure the peopletheir right in direct democratic election, and allowthe citizens to manage their own affairs inaccordance with the law and build a happy life.The government requires all urban and ruralgrass-roots organs of political power and grass-roots public self-governing organizations toperfect the democratic electoral system, separate administrative management from financialmanagement, and let the general public participate in the discussion of and make decisionsabout grass-roots public and welfare concerns, as well as exercise democratic supervisionover cadres.进一步搞好村委会选举，是中国亿万农民的共同心愿，也是中国推进政治体制改革和民主政治建设的需要。随着中国经济的持续发展和社会全面进步，中国的民主建设将更加广泛，中国的民主化进程也将进一步加快。

The improvement on the process and procedure in the election of villagers' committee willnot only reflect the common aspiration of China's hundreds of millions of farmers, but alsomeet China's need to facilitate her national drive for political restructuring and democratization.In the process of the country's sustained economic development and overall social progress,China's construction of democracy will be more extensive and meanwhile, its democratizationprocess will speed up.高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇(14)第14篇 年会致词

主席先生，我怀着非常愉快的心情出席本次年会。值此大会开幕之际，我为能有机会就和平与发展问题进行发言，谨向东道主致以深深的谢意。与此同时，我想所有与会代表致以崇高的敬意。

Mr.Chairman, it is with great pleasure that I am hereto attend this annual meeting.On the occasion ofthis opening ceremony, I would like to express mydeep appreciation to the host for this opportunityto address the topic of peace and development, andpay my high respect for all the representatives present at the meeting.这次会议为我们交换意见、消除误解、达成共识提供了理想的场所。我愿借此机会，就世纪之交建立一种世界政治与经济新格局，世界和平与发展的前景，以及联合国的作用等问题，阐述我国政府的立场和观点。

This meeting provides us with an ideal arena where we will exchange views, clear upmisunderstandings and reach common ground.I would like to take this opportunity toelaborate on the position and views of my government on the issues concerning theestablishment of a new international political and economic order at the turn of the century,the prospects of world peace and development, and the role of the United Nations.高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇(15)第15篇 中国的军事战略

中国的国际政策和军事战略始终是积极防御，这是中国根据自己的国际关系准则和外部安全环境作出的基本战略选择，也是优秀的中国军事传统在新时代的延续和升华。

China's international policy and military strategyhave always been those of positive defense.This isthe basic strategic choice China has made accordingto its norms governing international relations and toits external security environment.It also reflectsthe continuation and distillation of China'soutstanding military tradition in the new era.中国军事传统的基本特色是谋求和平。对内主张坚决维护国家统一，反对民族;对外一贯奉行睦邻友好的方针和防御战略，以“非攻”球和睦，以自卫保安宁。万里长城所象征的就是这种防御观念。中华人民共和国自建立之日起，就始终坚持在统一中求强盛，在强盛中求和平，在和平中求发展。随着时间的推移，人们越来越清楚地看到，中国有决心和能力保卫自己多国家安全利益，中国是维护地区与世界和平的重要力量。

China's military tradition is characteristically one of seeking peace.Under this peace-seekingpolicy, internally, we resolutely defend national unity and oppose to any attempt at nationalseparation;externally, we follow a good-neighborly policy and a defensive strategy, seekingfriendly and harmonious relations through what is known as the “non-offensive” approachand securing peace through self-defense.The Great Wall is symbolic of such a defensiveconcept.Ever since its founding, the People's Republic of China has been consistently seekingprosperity through unification, seeking peace through prosperity, and seeking developmentthrough peace.With the passage of time, it will be even more apparent to the world that Chinais determined to defend its national security and is capable of doing so, and that China is animportant force in safeguarding regional and global peace.中国的社会主义制度和独立自主的和平外交政策，也决定了中国奉行积极防御的国防政策和军事战略方针。中国不搞霸权主义，不搞强权政治，不对外搞军事扩张。中国的战略疆界不会超出其自然疆界，中国军事力量的发展也不会超出防御和自卫的需要。中国多次进行裁军，充分显示了中国军事战略的和平宗旨和防御性质，同时也反映了在和平与发展的时代主题下，中国的理性战略思维和新的安全观念。

Meanwhile, China's socialist system andindependent foreign policy of peace havedetermined the country's national defense policyand military strategy to be one of active defense.China doe not seek hegemony and power politics,neither does it expand its military influenceoverseas.China's strategic frontier will not gobeyond its natural borders.Likewise, China'smilitary force will not develop in excess of its needto defend the country.China's repeateddisarmament has fully demonstrated to the world thepeaceful orientation and defensive nature of China's military strategy, as well as China'srational strategic military thinking and updated concept of security under the theme of ourtimes, that is, peace and development.中国的裁军决策是由中国主动作出的，不是屈服于任何人的压力而被迫作出的;是自觉的，不是盲目的;是以对中国的发展、亚太地区安全以及世界持久和平高度负责的精神而采取的建设性举措。中国的裁军行动是单方面的，没有设置任何前提，不与他国相联系，不把裁军作为迫使他国同时裁军的筹码或先决条件。中国的裁军不是象征性的，而是实质性的，是大幅度的。中国以自己多裁军实际行动表达了中国不参加军备竞赛、努力缔造和平的诚意。

China's disarmament decision is made out of its own will, rather than under any externalpressure.It is a conscious act, rather than a blind move;it is a constructive act taken out ofa high sense of responsibility for China's own development, the security of Asian-Pacific regionand the sustainable world peace.China's disarmament act is unilateral, carrying noprerequisite, having nothing to do with any other country.China has no intention whatsoeverto use disarmament as a means or prerequisite to force other countries to reduce theirmilitary troops with China.China's disarmament is not symbolic, but actual and substantial.China has shown to the world with its initiative in disarmament, its non-engagement in armsrace and its sincerity in building a peaceful world.高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇(16)第16篇 中加经贸关系

我非常高兴能在此会见来自大洋彼岸的加拿大商业界的朋友。“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。”这句古话可以表达我此刻的心情。

I am very pleased to meet my friends from theCanadian business community on the other side ofthe Pacific.My current feeling can be bestexpressed by an ancient Chinese remark:“Howdelightful I am to have friends coming from afar!” 中国政府十分重视同加拿大双边经贸关系的发展，并且非常赞赏加中贸易理事会为加强我们这两个伟大国家商业界的联系而作出的努力和起到的桥梁作用。我感谢理事会所有成员为促进加中贸易作出的努力。加拿大是一个工业发达、资源丰富的国家，中国则是一个劳动力充足、市场巨大的国家。我们希望看到加拿大的企业能够充分利用自己在技术和财力上的优势，赢得中国市场。

The Chinese government attaches great importance to the development of bilateral economicand trade relations and appreciates the efforts made by Canadian-Chinese Trade Council servingas a bridge linking the business communities of our two great nations.I commend all themembers of the Council for their efforts in promoting trade with China.Canada is a country withwell-developed industries and abundant resources, while China has a plentiful supply of laborforce and a potential huge market.We hope to see Canadian enterprises make full use of theirtechnical and financial advantages and compete well in the Chinese market.高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇(17)第17篇 睦邻互信伙伴关系

今天，我有机会同东盟九国的领导人首次会晤，探讨发展中国与东盟各国面向二十一世纪的友好合作，感到十分高兴。首先，我对东盟成立三十周年，表示热烈的祝贺。Today Ifeel more than happy to have the opportunity togather together with leaders of nine ASEANcountries for the fires time to discuss and explorethe development of Chinese-ASEAN friendship andcooperation oriented toward the 21st century.Firstof all, I wish to offer my warm congratulations toASEAN on its 30th anniversary.我相信，这次会晤将标志着中国与东盟关系进入一个新的发展阶段。

This meeting, I believe, marks the beginning of a new stage of development in Chinese-ASEANrelations.我这次来，是抱着积极参与、扩大共识、增进互信、加强合作的目的，与东盟各国领导人共同探讨双方未来的发展目标和指导方针。

With the purpose of engaging active participation broadening common ground, enhancingmutual trust and strengthening cooperation, I have come here to explore together withASEAN leaders the objectives and guidelines for the development of our future relations.我们正处在世纪之交的重要时刻，应该以长远的战略眼光审视和处理双方关系，建立中国与东盟面向二十一世纪的睦邻互信伙伴关系。这不仅符合时代的潮流，有利于中国和东盟各国的根本利益，也有利于推动建立公正合理的国际新秩序，有利于促进亚洲与世界和平与发展的崇高事业。

At this important historical juncture on the eve of the new century, we should approach andhandle our bilateral relations from a long-rang strategic perspective and forge aChinese-ASEAN good-neighborly partnership of mutual trust orientated toward the 21stcentury.This is not only in conformity with the trend of the times and in the fundamentalinterest of China and ASEAN countries, but also facilitates the establishment of a just andrational new international order and the advancement of the lofty cause of peace anddevelopment of Asia and the world at large.中国人民和东盟各国人民都是勤劳勇敢、聪明智慧的人民，自古以来就在自己的土地上创造了灿烂的文明，形成了具有东方色彩的优秀文化传统，为人类的进步作出了重要的贡献。中国与东盟各国或山水相连，或隔海相望，在悠久的交往中，人民之间形成了深厚的传统友谊。

Both the Chinese and the ASIAN people are industrious and courageous people full ofwisdom.Since ancient times, they have created brilliant civilizations and built up fine culturaltraditions full of Oriental character in their own lands, thus making important contributions tothe progress of humanity.Joined together by mountains and rivers or facing each other acrossthe sea, China and ASEAN countries have developed a profound traditional friendship amongthe people in the course of their age-old contacts and exchanges.中国和东盟国家都发生了沧海巨变。中国人民经过一个世纪的奋斗和牺牲，实现了民族解放，建立了新中国，又经几十年的努力，把自己国家建设成为一个初步繁荣昌盛的社会主义国家。东盟国家人民经过长期的艰苦奋斗，挣脱殖民主义的枷锁，赢得民族独立，自建设自己国家的过程中取得了令人称道的成就。Profound changes have taken place in both China and ASEAN countries.Through a century-longstruggle and sacrifice, the Chinese people won their national liberation and established theNew China.With decades of more efforts, they have built China into a socialist country withinitial prosperity.Through protracted and arduous struggle, the people of ASEAN countrieshave also shaken off the yoke of colonialism, won their national independence and scoredcommendable achievements in their course of nation building.高级口译翻译汉英口译实践40篇(18)第18篇 东海世界公园

欢迎各位游览东海世界公园。东海世界公园是一座集世界各地名胜之大成的主题公园，其规模为远东同类公园之冠。你置身于包括世界七大奇观在内的100多处历史名胜与自然景观之中，一日便可游遍天下美景。Welcome to the Donghai World Park.The DonghaiWorld Park, which is the largest theme park of itskind unparalleled in the Far East, features a completecollection of the well-known world scenic spots.Surrounded by 100 sights of historical interest andnatural attraction including the Seven Wonders of the World, you will easily fulfill your dream oftouring around the world in a day.园内各类微型景观的选料大多为汉白玉、大理石、花岗石等优质石料，这些景观的制作工艺精湛无比，独具匠心，其复制程度之精确，形象之逼真，足可以假乱真，令游人叹为观止。

The miniature replicas of the selected scenic sights were constructed out of top grade stonesof white jade, marble and granite, all boasting exquisite workmanship and ingenious design.The tourists will find themselves engrossed in an involuntary admiration of the dazzlingarrays of the exact scenic reproductions that are unbelievable true to the original.