第一篇：目的论视角下太极拳特色词汇的翻译

目的论视角下太极拳特色词汇的翻译

摘要：文章从翻译目的论的视角出发，分析和探究太极拳特色词汇的翻译现状及翻译方法。太极拳具有深厚的文化底蕴，在翻译时应以传播拳法技巧和文化信息的目的为最高原则，灵活选用音译、音译加注释、直译和意译等翻译方法，弘扬民族文化特色，促进文化交流。

关键词：目的论太极拳特色词汇翻译文化中图分类号：G85

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1004-5643（202_）03-0024-031 引言太极拳是中国武术的精品，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。202_年，太极拳在第29届夏季奥林匹克运动会开幕式上的表演震惊全世界，并引发风靡全球的“太极热”。目前太极拳已传播到150多个同家和地区，全世界太极拳练习者达1.5亿人，80多个同家和地区建立了太极拳组织。随着频繁的对外交流活动，太极拳同际化的步伐在加快，越来越多的外国人希望在更广、更深的层次上了解太极拳。然而，向拥有不同同际文化背景的学习者介绍太极拳拳法及其承载的传统文化，并非易事。若只流于浅层的语言转换，往往词不达意，寓意顿失，翻泽效果较差。如何做好太极拳文化特色词翻译已经成为广大武术译者普遍关注的一个问题。对译者而言，不仅要具备一定的中英文功底，还要具备与太极拳有关的专业知识，并且要以一定的翻译理沦为指导，才能避免翻译的盲目性。本文拟从德同功能学派的目的论角度出发，探讨太极拳文化特色词汇的翻译。2 太极拳翻译的研究现状

笔者在中国期刊全文数据库和中文期刊全文数据库（维普）中，输入关键词“太极拳”进行不限年限检索，有关太极拳的论文有四千多篇，而涉及太极拳翻译的论文仅有十余篇，且大都局限于对英译现状及英译原则。为了进一步说明问题，笔者通过国家图书馆就太极拳相关著作进行检索。键入“太极拳”为关键词，数据显示有一千一百本太极拳专著，其中英译本七十四本。笔者还发现，若把关键词分别换为“TaijiQuan”、“Taijiquan”、“Taichi”“TaiChiChuan”所搜出来的译本数目都是不一样的。可见“太极拳”这一术语的英译十分混乱，综合统计，国内外译本共使用两种拼音系统：威妥玛拼音和汉语拼音。令人匪夷所思的是，同内外出版社对该术语英译的选择较为随意，同一出版社或同一出版人都有可能在不同的著作中使用不同的译名。这给本人资料搜索的准确性带来一定阻碍。

经调查，所搜到的太极拳翻译资料与众多的法律、音乐、广告相关的翻译研究资料相比，无论在数量、范围还是质量上都相差甚远。不难看出，我国在太极拳文化特色词翻译和研究上整体乏力。可喜的是，从这些论文和著作发表的时间上看，近几年呈增长趋势，可见这一领域逐渐被关注和重视。3 太极拳英译面临的问题

太极拳是中国传统文化孕育的传统体育项目，具有丰富的文化内涵，它融合了哲学、宗教、兵学、美学、伦理学等于一身。太极拳这些典型东方理念的风格和特点，容易给目的语读者造成理解上的障碍，增加了翻译的难度，使得太极拳翻译出现各种现象。3.1术语翻译，标准不一，众说纷纭

在太极拳英译作品中，关于“太极拳”这一拳种的名称就十分混乱，更不要说其他术语的统一了。即使在常用的汉英翻译词典中，关于“太极拳”的翻译就有：T'aiChi ch'uan，shadow boxing，Chinese shadow boxing，Taijiquan，Taichi，taiji boxing，tai-chi，hexagram boxing等，导致一词多泽现象严重。又如“丹田”一词，被翻译成DanTien，diantien，dantian.Tan tien，Tan den，Dan jeon甚至the public region。“丹田”这个词本身就具有浓厚的神秘色彩，原是道教修炼精气神的术语，已被各派气功广为引用，丹田的位置具体在哪里，不同门派也有不同的说法。这些术语的语义模糊和意义不确定势必会给读者的理解造成障碍。

义如“揽雀尾”，有词典将其译为“grasp peacock's tail”，中文中的孔雀是漂亮、惹人喜爱的；但在西方文化中，peacock有灾难、贪欲和自大的寓意，这样一个有美感的词就容易被译语读者误解为贬义。于是，有人放弃“孔雀“这个形象，改译为“grasp bird's tail“或“grasp sparrow's tail”。这很难让目的语读者对太极拳有一个统一准确的认识。由于缺乏统一的使用标准，这种翻泽后的不同拼写方式极易给不同国家或地区的太极拳爱好者造成视觉上的混乱，不利于世界范围内的太极拳交流与切磋[5]。为便于统一认识，我国有必要将一些太极拳专业术语翻译后的拼写方式，给予权威性的界定。3.2无自然对应物，文化缺省

太极拳是典型的中国传统文化和哲学思想的产物，它蕴含了太极、阴阳、五行、八卦、天人合一等理念。王宗岳《太极拳谱》开篇即指出：“太极者，无极而生，阴阳之母也。”《太极歌》云：“心猿已动，拳势斯作。刚柔虚实，开合起落”[8]。太极拳涉及了中国传统的哲学、养生学、医学、军事学、美学、生物力学等诸多领域[4]。太极拳文化博大精深，独具民族风格，堪称中华民族文化之精华。中西方的拳法差异极大，太极拳修的是道，修齐治平，注重智慧和启发，求和谐而非拳击般的对抗。所以，太极拳重视“修炼”，而西方拳击注重“训练”。太极拳的某些拳理，无论在语义层面，还是所蕴含的文化层面，在西方语言和文化中处于缺省状态。4 理论依据――翻译目的论

目的论（Skopos Theory）属于功能翻译理论。20世纪70年代，功能派翻译理论兴起于德同。最初，凯瑟琳娜?莱斯（Katha-rina Reise）把功能范畴引入翻译批评，将语言功能，语篇类型和翻译策略相联系。20世纪80年代，莱斯的学生弗米尔（Vermeer）发展了目的论（Skopos Theory），将翻译研究从原文中心沦的束缚中摆脱出来，他认为翻译是以原文为基础的有目的和有结果的行为，这一行为必须经过协商来完成，翻译必须遵循三个基本法则：目的法则（skopos rule）、连贯性法则（coherence rule）和忠实性法则（fidelity rule）。后来克里斯汀娜?诺德（Christiane Nord）完善了功能派理沦，提出译者应该遵循“功能加忠诚”的指导原则。

目的论者认为，所有的翻译遵循的首要法则就是目的性法则，目的性法则指的是任何翻译行为都是由翻译目的决定的，即“结果决定方法”[1]；连贯性法则指的是译文必须符合语内连贯的标准。所谓语内连贯是指译文必须能让接收者理解，并在目的语文化以及使用译文的交际环境中有意义；忠实性法则指原文与译文之间应该存在语际连贯一致。语际连贯类似于通常所说的忠实于原文，而忠实的程度和形式则是由译者对原文的理解和译文目的决定的。目的性法则是目的论的最高法则，其他的两个法则都从属于目的性法则，忠实性法则义从属于连贯性法则[1]。

太极拳翻译面对的是一个国际化大背景，所以它不仅是一种简单的语言转换，还是一个很有意义也极富挑战性的跨文化交际，是一种深层次的文化沟通。在这种语言和文化转换中，应遵循使目的语读者积极了解中国、使中国优秀传统文化早日广泛地播向世界的目的。这一目的决定了我们在对太极拳翻译时应采用多种翻译方法，而不是单纯的采用一种翻译策略。5 目的论视角下太极拳的翻译策略和建议翻译目的论有三个原则：目的性原则、连贯性原则和忠实性原则。对于具有中国文化特色词汇，翻泽者应首先弄清楚翻泽目的是什么，再决定使用哪种翻泽策略。翻译目的论注重的不是译文与原文是否对等或译文是否“完美”，而是强调译文应该在分析原文的基础上，以实现译文预期功能为目的，选择最佳处理方法，即针对特定翻泽目的选择特定翻译策略和方法。5.1音译或音译加注释法太极拳的用辞讲究形象优美，一般不直说，多采用比喻法、谐音藏字法和典故法等。如“手挥琵琶”，这一术语形象义含蓄，将人的思维带到一个动态画面，隐约还能听见“琵琶”时而苍劲时而幽婉的弦外之音。然而，目的语中没有“琵琶”这种乐器，于是有人将其译为“play the guitar”，这虽然能让目的语读者看懂，但缺少了中国文化内涵和韵味，难以使他们在大脑形成有效的认知网式。所以有人建}义不使用西方的吉他替代，直接用中国的传统乐器的名称并加上注释，实现功能代偿：“play the Pi'pa（a Chinese traditional musical instrument）”。目的论认为，翻译是两种文化的比较。当遇到文化缺省或空白时，可采用音译法或音译加注释法，将具有源语特征的词移植到目的语中去，以完整地保留民族文化特色。如将“太极拳”译为“taijiquan”，若机械地套用西方拳击术语将其译为“shadow boxing”或“Chinese boxing”，就未能体现中国古人的宇宙观：太极者浑然一气，孕两仪而未分[13]。目前，太极（taiji）、八卦（bagua）、阴阳（yinyang）、武术（wushu）等词汇音译已被大多数西方读者熟知并接受。5.2直译法 在太极拳拳法里，很多是以常用动物植物等的形态来命名，如我们熟悉的“野马分鬃”、“白鹤亮翅”、“更鸡独立”、“白蛇吐信”、“古树盘根”等。这类命名使用了比喻和拟人等修辞手法，形象生动。如何处理这种文学色彩浓厚、意象丰富、修辞精妙的词汇，是翻译的一大难题。如，“白鹤亮翅”，美籍华人黄文山（1973）将其归化为“raise the hands and set up”，李天翼在A Guide to Chinese Martial Arts书中译为“the White Crane Spreading Its Wings。”李德印在taijiquan书中使用音译和注释“Baiheliangchi（White Crane Spreads Its Wings）”目的论认为，翻译是在目标语情景中为某种目的及目的受众而产生的文本。在翻译时应尽量考虑读者的心理期待和接受力。在文化特色词翻译中，译者应充分发挥主观能动性，尽量保留源语的民族文化特色，以满足目的语读者的求真、求新、求异心理。若仅从英语文化的价值观出发，对原文进行省略和归化，读者虽然能够看懂，但会觉得乏味平凡，顿失兴趣。故在翻译时保留“crane”这一意象，使原有的生动形象可以在读者头脑中再现，完好地保留了文化特色。在对外宣传时，我国文化特色词汇翻译应顺应中国“崛起”的大形势，避免“在东西方文化发生冲突时，被西方‘强势文化’打倒”[2]。5.3意译

根据莱斯（Reise）的文本类型理论，太极拳是以信息性为主的文本类型。为了使目的语读者能跨越语言障碍，得到和源语读者基本相同的信息，有时我们必须舍弃太极拳术语的字面意义和形式，以求译文能够达到相同的语言功能。如，“双峰贯耳”，“双峰”是双拳的象征和比喻，并非指两座山峰，可意译为“strike opponent's ears with both fists”（用双拳打对方的耳朵），义如“四两拨千斤”，“两”和“斤”是中国古代的计量方法，西方只有盎司和磅等，所以，可进行语言问的等值转换，意译为“a force of four ounces deflecting 1，000 pounds”。如此翻译常常会导致译文失去源语的文化特色，但为了达到交际功能，只有舍弃源语的某些特色部分，以免造成信息通道堵塞，不利于传播文化。

在翻译时，还应要根据不同交际情景和目的，采用灵活的翻译方式，才能真正体现和反映拳理的实质。如，太极拳中非常讲究的“虚实”，不要一律采用音译而译作“Xu-Shi'’：如果是在敌我双方交手时，“虚”与“实”就分别代表“弱”和“强”，所谓“避实击虚”就是to avoid confronting the opponent's strong points and try to strike his weak points，或者to avoid what is strong and to strike what is weak。太极拳动作的收放、转换过程中，凡是负担身体重量较多的腿为实，反之为虚，此时的“虚”和“实“就应当分别译作weight-supporting leg和weight-free leg[7].在太极拳文化特色词翻译中，可灵活选用音译或音译加注释、直译、意译等翻译方法，还可使用符际翻译，将插图、声像等手段形象性与文字描述的抽象性相结合。这一手段在中国武术博物馆已经得到使用[3]。除此之外，规范太极拳文化特色词翻译迫在眉睫，当然，规范并非使太极拳词汇翻译唯一化，而是指在太极拳词汇翻译时，尽量使它在概念和意义等方面接近化，以达到文化交流融合的目的。6 结语太极拳翻译相对来说是一项很难的工程，它要求泽者既要有较高的英语水平，义要掌握太极拳每个术语和招式所具有的文化内涵。在翻译目的论的视野下，要传播太极拳拳术理论与技击技巧以及太极拳中蕴藏的传统文化气息，译者要考虑翻译目的，译语交际情境，以及译文受众的心理期待和接受力，灵活选择音译法、音译加注释法、直译法、意译法、符际翻译法等翻译策略，以促进文化交流。同时，呼吁权威专家和机构对太极拳特色词汇的翻译给予规范和界定，推动太极拳武术文化的同际化发展。参考文献：[l]Nord，C.Translating as a Purposeful Activity [M].Shanghai：Shanghai Foreign Language Education Puhlication，202_.[2]刘白玉.对十二生肖汉英翻译的思考[J].中国翻译，202_（4）：72-75.[3]谢应喜.武术翻译初探[J].中国翻译，202_（1）：61-64.[4]杨海庆.保持民族文化特色与太极拳英译[J].搏击?武术科学，202_（12）：31-49.[5]袁良平.跨文化交际与中国特色英语[J].浙江树人大学学报，202_（1）：72-76.[6]张美芳.翻译研究的功能途径[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社.202_.[7]周庆杰.杨式太极拳翻译研究[J]中国科技体育，202_（5）：72-78.[8]张肇平.沦太极拳[M].北京：北京体育大学出版社，202_.On the Translation of Taijiquan Terms from the Perspective of

Skopos Theory

Zhao Meijuan1

Wu Xi'an2（l.Baise College，Baise Guangxi 533000，China； 2.Bijie College，Bijie Guizhou 551700，China）Abstract： From the perspective of skopos theory，this thesis tries to analyze the status quo of Taijiquan translation and explore its translation methods.Taijiquan is endowed with profound culture； hence the aims at spreading skills and culture are paramount in the course of translation.In order to popularize national culture and promote culture exchange，translation methods such as transcription，transcription plus annotation，transliteration and free translation etc.should be chosen flexibly.Key words：Skopos theory Taijiquan terms translation culture

第二篇：生态翻译学视角下

1生态翻译学视角下《泊秦淮》的几种译本Functionalist Approach to the Chinese-English Translation of Public Signs 3从功能翻译理论的角度谈新闻英语的翻译

4从功能主义角度研究戏剧翻译A Functionalist Perspective on Drama Translation 5从目的论视角看菜单翻译—基于《中文菜单英文译法》的分析

On Translation of Chinese Menu from the Perspective of Skopostheorie

6功能对等理论下的电影剧本的英汉翻译

第三篇：翻译词汇

天之聪教育www.teniu.ccPC(China National Petroleum Corporation)基本药物目录：essential drugs list软组织损伤：soft tissue injury 绳之以法：bring to justice连续三天：for three straight/consecutive days总参谋长：Chief of the General Staff陆军总长：Chief of Staff of the Army临床测试：medical trial, clinical trial国家食品药品监督管理局：the State Food and Drug Administration 窃取国家机密：steal state secrets美国驻中国大使：U.S.Ambassador to China为…举行的国葬：the state funeral for sb.告别：bid farewell to谅解备忘录：Memorandums of Understanding视察：inspection tour启动“共同体民事保护机制”：activate the Community Mechanism for Civil Protection行政强制法草案The draft administrative mandatory power law被开除党籍和公职：be expelled from the Communist Party of China and dismissed from public office灭火：extinguish/put out the fire极地冰盖边缘地区：the Polar Ice Rim未能进入预定轨道：fail to enter its target orbit美以巴三方首脑会谈：a three-way summit between Palestinian, Israeli and U.S.leaders波音787梦幻飞机：The Boeing 787 Dreamliner在中国大陆市场销售：become available on the Chinese market苏伊士运河的入口：entrance to the Suez Canal接受医学观察和治疗：be put under medical observation and treatment临时避难所：temporary accommodation主权财富基金：sovereign wealth fund重复索取旅行费用：double-billing for trips获得生产批号：get a production license 避开：stay clear of通讯和天文观测中心：communications center and space observatory中国海洋石油有限公司：China National Offshore Oil Corporation（CNOOC）上调汽油零售价格：raise the benchmark retailing prices of gasoline暑假：summer break防空导弹：anti-aircraft missile削减武器条约：arms reduction treaty投放虚假危险物质：spread false dangerous substances承认中国的市场经济地位：recognize China's market economy status涉诉信访案件：case-related 天之聪教育www.teniu.cc appeals from the public经济体制改革：the adjustment of economic structure, economic restructuring夏季达沃斯论坛：the summer Davos forum互利共赢的开放战略：the win-win strategy of opening-up经济企稳回升的趋势进一步明显：economy is on a track of quick recovery经济指标数据：economic figures伪造文书：document falsification竣工通车：be fully open to traffic准备好，愿意做某事：stand ready to do对…保持高度警惕：be on high alert against sth.一切准备就绪/万事俱备，只欠东风：everything is set for…, and the only thing left is 诺贝尔医学奖：the Nobel Prize for Medicine对…进行友好访问：pay a goodwill visit to签定和解协议：sign a reconciliation agreement 黄金期货：gold futures卫冕冠军：defending champion期待已久的：long-anticipated动车组：high-speed bullet trains 交通高峰：traffic boom/peak中日韩领导人会议：trilateral leaders' meeting of China, Japan and South Korea甲流重症和死亡病例：serious and fatal cases of the A/H1N1 virus下游企业：downstream business贺电，贺信：congratulatory message对…产生推动性作用：serve as an impetus to do隶属于：affiliated with接近，达到：climb to, near山火即将全部被控制住：the wildfire is near full containment统调负荷 unified dispatch load拉闸限电recorded 320 times in switch-offs缩短用户的停电时间 to shorten blackout hours恶意透支信用卡 deliberate credit default总体工程耗资700亿；with a total projected cost of 70 billion yuan.经济刺激方案the economic stimulus package政府监管部门，电网公司，发电集团和智能电网技术方案公司bring together regulators, power grid operators, power generators and technical solution providers 统一坚强智能电网 consolidated and strong smart grid

抢得先机Secure a leading position备受期待的Much-anticipated/ Long-awaited国内外主流整机企业leading/ mainstream whole-plant producers from home and abroad零部件配套企业parts(and component)suppliers,诚邀您的关注和参与Your interest and participation is highly appreciated.新增中央投资的协调小组，a coordination task force for the newly added central investment, 大气碳atmospheric carbon因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude不进则退 no progress simply means regression花天酒地 go on the loose蒙受…的打击：take a knock from流感大流行警戒级别：pandemic alert level临时国家元首：interim head of state诽谤指责：vilify and level accusations against评委会主席：chair of the jury钚全部武器化weaponize plutonium“奋进号”航天飞机：space shuttle Endeavor氢泄漏：gaseous hydrogen leak第十一次中日韩环境部长会议：the 11th Tripartite Environment Ministers Meeting of China, Japan and South Korea巴勒斯坦国Palestinian statehood堰塞湖：barrier lake有望：be on pace to北京出入境检验检疫局：the Beijing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau为…做好准备：brace oneself for新闻通讯：news bulletin全国最高立法机构：top legislature军事分界线：Military Demarcation Line锦标赛：championship活动板房：prefabricated house尸检：autopsy脚手架：scaffold散装船：bulk carrier 甲醛：formaldehyde消防队：fire brigade商业间谍：commercial espionage致命剂量：lethal dose拯救处于崩溃边缘的经济：pull the economy from its brink月球探测器：lunarcraft寄宿学校：boarding school偏远地区：far-flung area泼硫酸事件：acid attack 天之聪教育www.teniu.cc 错时上下班：flexible work hours and sequential leave挪用公款：embezzlement征收惩罚性关税：impose/set punitive tariffs on 把…列入非物质文化遗产名录：inscribe … on the intangible heritage list马祖文化：the Matsu culture企业年金annuity囤油食用油stockpile cooking oil48小时倒计时a 48-hour countdown间歇性能源alternative energy resources.机组、叶片、轴承、控制系统 turbines, blades, bearing, control system

key agents主要动力

Indigenous Peoples土著人民

arid and semiarid land.旱地和半干旱地区

202_ census process2010年人口普查工作

make informed decisions做出知情的决定

destitution赤贫

Telemedicine远程医疗“Treat others the way you want others to treat you.”“己所不欲，勿施于人”“When streams and brooks collect, they become a big river.”“涓涓细流汇成江河”

It always echoes the call of the times and follows the wish of the people

Oranges grown on the south of River Huai taste sweet, while on the north sour.桔生淮南则为桔，桔生淮北则为枳

virtuous circle of recovery.善良的，有德行的

hard work is entailed for the blueprint to become reality.We will strive to be worthy of their trust and fulfill our mission.我们一定不负重托，不辱使命

近代以后，我们的民族历经磨难，中华民族到了最危险的时候During the modern era(from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century), our nation underwent untold hardship and suffering, and its very survival hung in the balance.taking the baton passed on to us by history接过历史的接力棒

master first-rate skills.The “Chinese dream” is a much-discussed concept that has been brought to prominence by Xi

He urged the country's young people to be firm believers of the path, theories and systems of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and to dedicate themselves to the cause of the nation's great rejuvenation

“Only when you knit your personal dreams together with the great cause of the nation and build the platform of personal efforts on the basis of the country's cause, can your personal dreams be realized,”

the young generation with firm will, strong sense of responsibility and great professional competence is the hope of realizing the “Chinese dream.”

to remain steadfast in their faith, refine their professional skills, embrace innovation, work hard and build noble characters.Only by integrating inpidual dreams to the national cause can one finally make great achievement

live a dignified life.Happiness does not fall out of the blue and the dream will not come true by itself.to accumulate “positive energy” among the public and inspire people to contribute to the realization of the “Chinese Dream” by doing a good job in their own positions.I hope it will scale an even greater height.make development more cost effective

We need to build on past success and make new progress in promoting cooperation in Asia.Common development, which is the very foundation of sustainable development, serves the long-term and fundamental interests of all the people in the world.stick together in time of difficulty

we should boldly break new ground so as to create an inexhaustible source of power for boosting common development.a wise man changes as time and event change

abandon the outdated mindset, break away from the old confines that fetter development and unleash all the potential for development.should ride on the waves of the times and make changes in Asia and global development reinforce and benefit each other.Without peace, development is out of the question

All countries in the world are closely linked and share converging interests.enjoy 天之聪教育www.teniu.cc mutually reinforcing progress

neighbors wish each other well, just as loved ones do to each other

Knowing too well the agonizing sufferings inflicted by war and turbulence, the Chinese people deeply cherish peace.China will increase connectivity with its neighbors，boost cooperation in new priority areas

To enhance peaceful development and win-win cooperation in Asia and the world is a race that has one starting point after another and knows no finishing line

The striving history of modern China testifies to the simple truth that only a prosperous and strong country can bring about national revival as well as prosperity for the common people，turning these aspirations into reality is the precondition for the achievement of the country's dream

An inpidual's destiny is closely bound up with the country's development, and every person's endeavor contributes to realizing the “Chinese dream

At the critical stage of achieving a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, as long as we involve as many people as possible in the country's reform and development, and in the building of a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, we can forge ahead with public support.”习近平在中央政治局常委中外记者见面会上的讲话(双语对照)Full text of Xi's address to the media11月15日，中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会新一届中共中央政治局常委在人民大会堂一楼东大厅与中外记者见面。以下为习近平讲话的中英文对照。中共中央总书记习近平:女士们，先生们，朋友们：大家好！让大家久等了，很高兴同各位记者朋友见面。

昨天，中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会胜利闭幕了。这些天来，各位记者朋友们对这次大会作了大量报道，向世界各国传递了许多“中国声音”。大家很敬业、很专业、很辛苦，在此，我代表十八大大会秘书处，向你们表示衷心的感谢。Ladies and gentlemen, friends, good morning.It's a great pleasure to meet you, friends from the press.The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China came to a successful conclusion yesterday.During the past week, you have extensively covered the Party congress and let the world hear China's voice.On behalf of the secretariat of the 18th Party Congress, I wish to express our sincere thanks to you for your professionalism, dedication and hard work.刚才，我们召开了中国共产党第十八届中央委员会第一次全体会议，会议上选举产生了新一届中央领导机构。全会选举产生了七位中央政治局常委，选举我担任中共中央总书记。接下来，我把其他6位常委同事向大家介绍一下。

Just now, the 18th CPC Central Committee held its first plenary meeting and elected the new central leadership.The plenary meeting elected seven members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau.I was elected general secretary of the CPC Central Committee by the plenary session.I wish to introduce to you the other six newly elected members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau.他们是：李克强同志、张德江同志、俞正声同志、刘云山同志、王岐山同志、张高丽同志。李克强同志是十七届中央政治局常委，其他同志都是十七届中央政治局委员，大家对他们都比较了解。

They are: comrade Li Keqiang, comrade Zhang Dejiang, comrade Yu Zhengsheng, comrade Liu Yunshan, comrade Wang Qishan and comrade Zhang Gaoli.Comrade Li Keqiang was a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the 17th CPC Central Committee, and all the others were members of the Political Bureau of the 17th CPC Central Committee.I believe their names are familiar to you.天之聪教育www.teniu.cc 在这里，我代表新一届中央领导机构成员，衷心感谢全党同志对我们的信任。我们一定不负重托，不辱使命！

Here, on behalf of the members of the newly elected central leadership, I wish to express our heartfelt thanks to all other members of the Party for the great trust they have placed on us.We will strive to be worthy of their trust and fulfill our mission.全党同志的重托，全国各族人民的期望，这是对我们做好工作的巨大鼓舞，也是我们肩上沉沉的担子。

We are greatly encouraged by both the trust all the comrades of the Party have placed on us and the great expectations the people of all ethnic groups in China have of us, and we are keenly aware that this is also an important responsibility for us.这个重大的责任，是对民族的责任。我们的民族是伟大的民族。在五千多年的文明发展历程中，中华民族为人类的文明进步作出了不可磨灭的贡献。近代以后，我们的民族历经磨难，中华民族到了最危险的时候。自那时以来，为了实现中华民族伟大复兴，无数仁人志士奋起抗争，但一次又一次地失败了。

We have taken on this important responsibility for our nation.Ours is a great nation.Throughout more than 5,000 years of evolution as a civilization, the Chinese nation has made an indelible contribution to the progress of human civilization.During the modern era(from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century), our nation underwent untold hardship and suffering, and its very survival hung in the balance.Since then, numerous Chinese patriots rose up one after another and fought for the renewal of the Chinese nation, but failed one time after another.中国共产党成立后，团结带领人民前赴后继、顽强奋斗，把贫穷落后的旧中国变成日益走向繁荣富强的新中国，中华民族伟大复兴展现出前所未有的光明前景。

Since its founding, the Communist Party of China has made great sacrifices and forged ahead against all odds.It has rallied and led the Chinese people in transforming the poor and backward Old China into an increasingly prosperous and powerful New China, thus opening a completely new horizon for the great renewal of the Chinese nation.我们的责任，就是要团结带领全党全国各族人民，接过历史的接力棒，继续为实现中华民族伟大复兴而努力奋斗，使中华民族更加坚强有力地自立于世界民族之林，为人类作出新的更大的贡献。

Our responsibility now is to rally and lead the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China in taking the baton passed on to us by history, and in making continued efforts to achieve the great renewal of the Chinese nation, make the Chinese nation stand rock-firm in the family of nations, and make an even greater contribution to mankind.天之聪教育www.teniu.cc 这个重大的责任，就是对人民的责任。我们的人民是伟大的人民。在漫长的历史进程中，中国人民依靠自己的勤劳、勇敢、智慧，开创了民族和睦共处的美好家园，培育了历久弥新的优秀文化。

We have taken on this important responsibility for the people.Our people are a great people.During the long course of history, the Chinese people have, working with diligence, bravery and wisdom, created a beautiful homeland where all ethnic groups live in harmony, and developed a great and dynamic culture.我们的人民热爱生活，期盼有更好的教育、更稳定的工作、更满意的收入、更可靠的社会保障、更高水平的医疗卫生服务、更舒适的居住条件、更优美的环境，期盼着孩子们能成长得更好、工作得更好、生活得更好。人民对美好生活的向往，就是我们的奋斗目标。Our people have an ardent love for life.They wish to have better education, more stable jobs, more income, greater social security, better medical and health care, improved housing conditions and a better environment.They want their children to have sound growth, have good jobs and lead a more enjoyable life.To meet their desire for a happy life is our mission.人世间的一切幸福都是要靠辛勤的劳动来创造的。我们的责任，就是要团结带领全党全国各族人民，继续解放思想，坚持改革开放，不断解放和发展社会生产力，努力解决群众的生产生活困难，坚定不移走共同富裕的道路。

Every bit of happiness in the world is created by hard work.To fulfill our responsibility, we will rally and lead the whole Party and people of all ethnic groups in China in making continued efforts to free up our minds, carry out reform and opening-up, further release and develop the productive forces, work hard to resolve the difficulties the people face in both work and life, and unwaveringly pursue common prosperity.这个重大的责任，就是对党的责任。我们的党是全心全意为人民服务的政党。党领导人民已经取得了举世瞩目的成就，我们完全有理由因此而自豪，但我们自豪而不自满，决不会躺在过去的功劳薄上。

We have taken on this important responsibility for the Party.Our Party is dedicated to serving the people.It has led the people in making world-renowned achievements, and we have every reason to take pride in these achievements.But we are not complacent, and we will never rest on our laurels.新形势下，我们党面临着许多严峻挑战，党内存在着许多亟待解决的问题。尤其是一些党员干部中发生的贪污腐败、脱离群众、形式主义、官僚主义等问题，必须下大气力解决。全党必须警醒起来。

Under the new conditions, our Party faces many severe challenges, and there are also many pressing problems within the Party that need to be resolved, particularly corruption, taking bribes, being porced from the people, going through formalities and bureaucracy caused by some Party officials.We must make every effort to solve these problems.The whole Party must stay on full alert.天之聪教育www.teniu.cc 打铁还需自身硬。我们的责任，就是同全党同志一道，坚持党要管党、从严治党，切实解决自身存在的突出问题，切实改进工作作风，密切联系群众，使我们的党始终成为中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心。

To address these problems, we must first of all conduct ourselves honorably.Our responsibility is to work with all the comrades in the Party to uphold the principle that the Party should supervise its own conduct and run itself with strict discipline, effectively solve major problems in the Party, improve our conduct and maintain close ties with the people.By doing so, we will ensure that our Party will remain at the core of leadership in advancing the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.人民是历史的创造者，群众是真正的英雄。人民群众是我们力量的源泉。我们深深知道：每个人的力量是有限的，但只要我们万众一心，众志成城，就没有克服不了的困难；每个人的工作时间是有限的，但全心全意为人民服务是无限的。

It is the people who create history, and it is the people who are true heroes.The people are the source of our strength.We are well aware that the capability of one inpidual is limited.But when we are united as one, we will create an awesome power and we can certainly overcome all difficulties.One can only work for a limited period of time, but there is no limit to serving the people with dedication.责任重于泰山，事业任重道远。我们一定要始终与人民心心相印、与人民同甘共苦、与人民团结奋斗，夙夜在公，勤勉工作，努力向历史、向人民交一份合格的答卷。

Our responsibility is weightier than Mount Tai, and our journey ahead is long and arduous.We must always be of the same mind with the people and share the same destiny with them, and we must work together with them and diligently for the public good so as to live up to the expectations of both history and the people.记者朋友们，中国需要更多地了解世界，世界也需要更多地了解中国。希望你们今后要继续为增进中国与世界各国的相互了解作出努力和贡献，谢谢大家！Friends from the press, just as China needs to learn more about the world, the world needs to learn more about China.I hope you will continue to make more efforts and contributions to deepening the mutual understanding between China and countries of the world.I thank you all!

天之聪教育www.teniu.cc

第四篇：翻译高频词汇

翻译考试历年常考高频词汇(考试必备)P5 联合国安全理事会五个常任理事国

partisan, partizan 党羽，某个党派、事业、派系、人或思想的狂热支持者或反对者

PETA(People for the ethical Treatment of Animals)美国善待动物协会

pay a price 付出代价

piracy 侵犯版权，非法翻印，盗版

plutocracy 富豪统治

Presidential election 总统选举

adverse election results 不利的选举结果

ballot 投票；选举 / 拉选票；选票

campaign 竞选活动 从事竞选活动

candidate 候选人

canvass 游说、拉选票

charisma领袖魅力

controversy 争议，争论

Democratic party <美>民主党派

electorate 全体选民

eloquent 全体选民

gracious loser 输得起的人；有风度的输家

hheavy poll 得票率高

nominee 候选人；被提名者

opinion poll 民意测验 poll 投票，投票数

poll station;the poll 投票站

Republican Party <美>共和党

TV debate 电视辩论

voter 选民

neck and neck 并驾齐驱；不分上下

landslide 占绝对优势的选举；压倒多数的选票

landslide victory 巨大的胜利

proliferation 扩散

proposal 倡议书

quota 配额，限额

recall <美>（投票）罢免 recession 工商业之衰退，不景气

revenue enhancement 税收增加

sea change 海洋是转变，巨大变化（源自莎士比亚的剧本台词）

secede 正式脱离或退出分离

secret ballot 不记名投票

Secret Service（政府的）特务机关，情报机关

Security Council 联合国安全理事会

skyjacking 劫机

smallpox 天花

socialism 社会主义，社会主义运动

2D(two dimensional graphics images and animated images)平面

3D(three dimensional graphics images and animated images)三维

3D rendering 三维渲染

aerial top dressing 空中施肥

advanced technology 先进技术

analog electronic technology 模拟电子技术

animation 动画片

AOL(American Online)美国在线Apple Corporation 苹果公司

artificial intelligence(AI)人工智能

artificial life(AL of Alife)人工生命

ATM(Automated Teller Machine)自动柜员机

audio card 声卡

audio conference 音频会议；电话会议

biotechnology 生物工程

B2B and B2C 企业对企业（商家对商家）及企业对消费者的电子商务

bandwidth 带宽

bar code 条形码

BBS(Bulletin Board System)公告板系统，论坛

bookmark 电子书签

browser 浏览器

bullet train 子弹头列车

cache memory 高速缓冲存储器

caller ID display 来电显示

camcorder 便携式摄影机

CD burning 光盘刻录 CDMA/TDMA 码分多址（一种扩频多址数字式通信技术）

CD-RW/CD-Rewritable 可重刻

chat lines;chat rooms 聊天室

CPU(Central Processing Unit)中央处理器

cyberspace 电脑空间

conductor 导体

convection 对流

cortex 大脑皮层

cryonics 人体冷冻法

cutting-edge 优势；前沿，极其重要的状态或位置

database 数据库

desktop videoconference（桌面）视频会议

dial-up connection 拨号连接

Digital Video(DV)/ Camcorder 数码摄像机

distance education(DE)远程教育

E-learning;Web-based training 电子学习

encryption 加密

firewall 防火墙

Flash 由macromedia公司推出的交互式矢量图和Web动画的标准

frontier science and technology 科技发展前沿

FTP(File Transfer Protocol used for downloading files on the Internet)文件传输协议

genetic engineering 遗传工程

hacker(phreaker)黑客，骇客

hard drive 硬盘驱动器

hemisphere 大脑半球

high scientific and technological content 科技含量高

home page 主页

insulator 绝缘体

interactive television(ITV)互动电视

IBM = International Business Machines Corporation 国际商业机器公司（美）

internet surfing 网上冲浪

Internet 互联网

intranet 企业内部互联网

ISO(International Organization for Standardization)国际标准化组织

joystick（电脑游戏等）操纵杆 jukebox 自动点唱机

Kiosk 多功能信息商亭

LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)液晶显示器

Mac(Macintosh)苹果机

maglev train 磁悬浮列车

manned spaceflight 载人航天飞行

MD(minidisk)小型磁盘

MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface)迷笛，数码音乐

microcircuit 微电路

modem “猫”，调制解调器

multimedia 多媒体

molecular science 分子科学

natural sciences 自然科学

nerd 不善社交、专心致志搞科研或精于科研的人；书呆子

neuron 神经元

new and high technology industries 高新技术产业

notebook computer 笔记本电脑

Omega point 欧米伽点

P2P(Peer to Peer Networking)对等网络

PC(Personal Computer)个人电脑

PDA(Personal Digital Assistant)个人数字助理，掌上电脑

Pentium 奔腾，Intel公司生产的CPU芯片

Plug and play 插件

Plug-in 插件

PPP(PowerPoint presentation)文件演示

plastic beauty 人造美女

posthuman 后人类

pseudo-science 伪科学

RAM(Random Access Memory)随机存贮器，内存

remote control 遥控

robotics 机器人技术

research institutions 科研院所

semi-conductor 半导体

soil and pasture management 土壤和草场管理

streaming media 流媒体

synchronous 同步的 scanner 扫描仪

screen capturing 截屏

search engine 搜索引擎

technological innovation 科技创新

telecommunication 电讯

teleconference 远程电信会议

touchscreen 触摸屏

tablet computer平板电脑

tissue（生物）组织

URL(Uniform Resource Locator)互联网上的信息资源定位系统

ubiquitous network 无处不在的网络

virtual community 虚拟社区

VR – virtual reality(artificial reality)虚拟现实

water conservancy 水利

webcasting 网络广播

live web casting 网络直播

World Wide Web 万维网

acknowledge 承认

a gathering permeated with a spirit of cordial friendship 充满亲切友情的聚会

a rewarding trip 不虚此行

accommodate 供给„„住宿，招待；适应，配合

add a new page to the history of 给„„的历史增加了新的一页

agenda 议程

alumnus 校友

at the invitation of „ 应„„的邀请

banquet 宴会播

BBQ party 烧烤会

Bon Appetit!祝你胃口好

Bon Voyage!旅途愉快

buffet 自助餐

buffet reception 冷餐招待会

cheek-to-cheek embrace 贴脸拥抱

cheers 干杯

closing speech 闭幕致辞

cocktail party 鸡尾酒会

colleague(s)同仁 commerce ties 商业关系

coexistence 共存，共处

congenial atmosphere 融洽气氛

costume party;masquerade 化妆舞会

courtesy call 礼节性拜会

courtesy call 礼节性拜会

dinner;dinner party 晚宴

distinguished guest 贵宾；嘉宾

draw to a close 即将结束

eloquent remark 雄辩的（动人的）演讲

entertain 招待

extraordinary arrangement 特殊安排；精心安排

eye salute 注目礼

farewell ceremony 欢送仪式

feel honored and privileged 感到荣幸

feel pleased and honored 感到愉快和荣幸 feel proud and honored 感到骄傲和荣幸

fellow citizens 同胞们

foreign affairs office 外事办

fulfill one’s ambitions 展鸿图，酬壮志

generous hospitality 盛情款待

genuine friendship 真挚友谊

give a dinner for a visitor from afar 接风洗尘

goodwill visit 友好访问

gracious invitation 盛情邀请

gracious remark 热情的演讲，评论

Guest of Honor 主宾

gun salute 礼炮

heartfelt gratefulness 由衷的感谢

hearty embrace 热烈拥抱

hearty gratitude 衷心的感谢

heritage 传统

hospitality 好客

host a farewell dinner for someone 为„饯行

host country 主办国，东道主国家

host 主人 I’ve long heard of you 久仰

impromptu speech 即席讲话

in the company of„;accompanied by„ 在„的陪同下

inauguration 开幕式；就职典礼

incomparable hospitality 无比盛情的款待

itinerary 活动日程，路线

kind words of welcome 友好的欢迎词

lasting friendship 长久的友谊

long-awaited guest 盼望已久的客人

look back at the past回顾过去

look into the future 展望未来

luncheon 午餐会

motorcade 车队

nodding acquaintance 泛泛之交

occasion 场合；时刻

opening address 开幕致辞

opening ceremony 开幕式

pay a return visit 回拜

picnic party 野餐会

propose a toast 祝酒

receive;play host to 接待

receptionist 接待员

reception 招待会

regard 尊重；敬意

regards 问候

renew old friendships(and establish new contacts)重温旧情（结交新友）

seating arrangement 席位安排

signing ceremony 签约式

sincere gratitude 真挚的感谢

speech of welcome;address of welcome 欢迎词

state banquet 国宴

sworn friend 刎颈之交

take this opportunity 趁此机会

toaster 祝酒者

toast 祝酒词

unequalled 无与伦比的 unprecedented 前所未有的warm reception 热情接待

warm welcome 热情欢迎

wedding reception 喜宴 welcoming banquet 欢迎宴会

welcoming ceremony 欢迎仪式

a resolution 决议

abundant accomplishment 丰硕的成果

accord with;agree with;conform to;meet 符合acknowledge 承认

assert 宣称；维护

attempt 尝试

beckon 召唤

boost 促进，刺激，增进 bilateral 双边的

bilateral channels 双边渠道

bilateral cooperation 双边合作

bilateral diplomatic activities 双边外交

bilateral relations 双边关系

bully 欺侮；以强凌弱

cast off 丢弃，摆脱

cause 原因，理想，事业，目标

channel 渠道

channels of dialog 对话渠道 chaos 混乱

clash 冲突

coercion 强迫，高压政治

collapse 溃败；崩溃

commitment 承诺，义务

common aspiration 共同希望

common causes 共同目标；共同理想

common desire 共同愿望

common development 共同发展

common interest 共同利益 common prosperity 共同繁荣

communiqué 联合公报 community of nations 国际社会

compassion 同情，怜悯

consolidate 巩固

constrain 约束；强迫

containment 遏制，遏制政策

contradictory;self-contradictory 矛盾

convention 大会；条约；协定；惯例

convergence 集中

counterpart 相应的、对等的人或物

counterproductive 起反作用的；反效果的courtesy 礼貌

crises 危机；危险期

dawning 黎明；开端

decline 下降；衰落

defy 挑战；公然挑衅

delay 耽搁；拖延

decency 合宜，得体

delightful 令人愉快的 deteriorate 使恶化；变糟

deterioration 衰败

disparity 不等；不同

dispute 争端

perse 多变的

persity 多样化；气象万千

dominate 压倒；统治；占优势

emancipate 释放；解放

embody 体现

embrace 拥抱；信奉 encroach on 侵犯，蚕食

encroachment 侵犯

endeavor 努力

enduring 持久的；不朽的enrich 充实

equitable 公平的；公正的era 纪元

erupt 突然爆发 escalation 升级

exacerbate 恶化，使......加剧 flaunt 炫耀；标榜

fluctuation 波动；起伏不定

foil 阻扰；挫败

formulation 明确表达；简洁陈述

foundation 基础；基金会

guarantee 保证

guidance 指导

gunboat policy（尖船利炮）强权政策

hamper 妨碍

harness 管理，支配，控制 hereby 在此

hostility 敌意；敌对状态

ideal arena 理想的场所，舞台

impair 损害

impetus 动力

implement 贯彻

in a friendly manner 以友好的方式

in a wide range of areas（就）广泛领域

incapacitate 使不能胜任

incentive 动机；动力 in-depth 彻底的；深入的integral 整体的

international community 国际社会

intervention 干涉

interventionist 主张干涉他国内政者;干涉主义

intimidate 恐吓，威逼

intricacy 错综复杂

irresistible 不可抗拒的jeopardize 危及

joint communiqué 联合公报 joint declaration 联合声明

joint efforts 协力

juncture 时刻，关头；接合点

jurisdiction 权限；管辖权；管辖区域 justice 正义

legitimate 合法的maintain 维持；坚持认为

make great contribution to 对...有重大贡献

malignant 恶性的；致命的manifold 多方面的 meddle 干涉

memorable 令人难忘的mentality 心理，思维状态

might 势力，兵力

mighty 强大的mimic 模仿

mistrust 不信任；疑心

multilateral 多边的mutual benefit 互利互惠

mutual complementarities 互补 mutual confidence 互相信任

mutual consultation 共同协商

mutual courtesy 礼尚往来

mutual promotion 互相促进

mutual respect 互相尊重

mutual supervision 互相监督

mutual trust 互相信任

mutual understanding 互相理解

negotiation 谈判；协商

objective 目标；目的 obstacle 干扰；障碍

obstruct 阻碍

origin 起源；渊源

overshadow 弱化；使„„黯然失色

paralysis 瘫痪，麻痹

partnership 合作；合伙关系

peace-loving 爱好和平的perish 毁灭；死亡

permeate 浸透

phenomenal 非凡的；杰出的 pioneering 开拓性的pool(efforts)协力

potential 潜力；潜在的prejudice 偏见；损害

prerequisite 先决条件；首要的，必要的prescribe 指示；规定

prevailing 占优势的；盛行的prior to 在„„之前

profound 深刻的，意义深远的proliferation 扩散

promising 有前途的，有希望的

promote/facilitate/enhance/strengthen/advance 加强；促进

prudence 审慎；慎重

pursue 追求

recognition 承认，认可

reflect 反映

refrain 节制；制止

regime 政权，体制

resentment 不满、怨恨

resolutely 决心；决议 respectable 可敬的respective 分别的，各自的restructure 重组；体制改革

reunification 统一

rhetoric 修辞；空话

rival 竞争对手

rivalry 竞争；敌对状态

safeguard 捍卫

sanction 体裁

score 取得（成果、成果„„）setback 挫折；退步

signify 表征，意味着

solidarity 团结

sound 健全的source 来源

sponsor 赞助;主办 stability 稳定

status quo 现状

steadfastly 踏实地；坚定地

straightforward 坦率的，直截了当的 strengthen the bond 加强联系；加固纽带

subordinate 次要、下属、从属的subsequent 后来的，接着发生的，连续的summit 峰会；首脑会议

symbol/symbolize 象征

thereby 从而

threat 威胁，恐吓

trailblazer 开拓者

trailblazing 开拓性

trample 践踏 tranquil 安静、宁静的transcend 凌驾；超越

trans-century 跨世纪

transition 转变；过渡

turmoil **；冲突

tackle 处理；对付

take shape 成形

tense 紧张的undermine 破坏

undesirable 不受欢迎的 union 联盟；工会

unswervingly 坚定不移地

vigorous 强健的；精力充沛的volatile 不稳定的；多变的going global “走出去”（战略）

security;safety 安全

hegemony 霸权

closed-door past 闭关锁国的过去

closed-door policy 闭关政策

criteria 标准

extensive and profound 博大深远

non-confrontation 不对抗 irrationality 不合理

non-alignment 不结盟

insurmountable difficulty 不可克服的困难

inequality 不平等

unremitting efforts 不懈的努力

undertake concrete step 采取具体步骤

gap 距离

attempt 尝试 dynamism 充满活力

lofty cause 崇高的事业

grand ideal 崇高理想

address differences 处理分歧

shuttle diplomacy 穿梭外交

break down barriers 打破障碍

unilateral 单边的unilateralism 单边主义

Deng Xiaoping’s diplomatic thoughts 邓小平外交思想

underestimate;underestimation 低估 regional conflicts 地方矛盾

regional disparity 地区差异

regional turmoil(conflicts)地区**（冲突）

independent foreign policy of peace 独立自主的和平外交政策

principles of independence 独立自主原则

holiday-making diplomacy 度假外交

opponent;rival 对手

external work 对外工作

multilateral diplomatic activities 多变外交

multilateralism 多变政策 global village 地球村

multi-polarization 多极化

multipolar times 多极时代

multipolar world 多极世界

multi-polarity 多极性

prosperity 繁荣

flourish 繁荣昌盛

imitation 仿效 pision of responsibilities 分工

splittist activities 分裂活动 issues of difference 分歧

veto right 否决权

a complex and volatile international situation 复杂多变的国际形势

complication 复杂化

complexity 复杂性

ameliorate 改善，改进

high-level and all-directional dialogue 高层次、全方位的对话

summit(forum)高峰论坛

senior officials 高级官员

estrangement 隔阂

well-being of all nations 各国人民的福祉

proclamation 公告

fairness 公平

justice 公正，正义

consensus 共识

all-win 共赢

the transitional period 过渡期

head of state 国家元首

state-to-state 国与国

go overboard 过分

the legitimate rights and interests 合法权益

cooperative relationship 合作关系

harmonious relationship 和睦关系

peace 和平

peaceful means 和平方式

peaceful coexistence 和平共处

peace diplomacy 和平外交

consequence 后果；结果

noninterference in each other’s internal affairs 互不干涉内部事务

non-communication 互不往来

reciprocal contract 互惠合同

partners of mutual benefit and cooperation 互利合作的伙伴

suspicion 怀疑

Pacific rim countries 环太平洋国家 buffer(conflicts)缓解（冲突）

resume the exercise of sovereignty(over„)恢复行使主权

in retrospect 回顾过去

mechanism 机制

active defense 积极防御

positive impact 积极影响

cornerstone 基石

great expectation 极大的希望

aggregation 集合；凝聚

shoulder 肩负

arduous task 艰巨任务

a constructive strategic partnership 建设性的战略伙伴关系

exchange notes 交换意见

exchange views 交换观点

establish new contacts 结交新友

emulate 竭力仿效

resolve differences 解决分歧

progress;advancement 进步

world-renowned 举世闻名

military intelligence(secrets)军事机密

test 考验

affirm old tradition 肯定传统

framework 框架

expand the common ground 扩大共识

hard-won 来之不易

optimism 乐观精神

reciprocity in courtesy;reciprocal(mutual)courtesy 礼尚往来

decencies 礼仪；行为准则

good faith 良好诚意

a favorable climate in areas around China 良好周边环境

conscience 良知

cross-strait relations 两岸关系

territorial integrity 领土完整

border or territorial disputes 领土争端

fulfill international obligations 履行国际义务

ally;allies 盟国 people-to-people diplomacy 民间外交

mode 模式

friction 摩擦

good-neighborliness 睦邻友好

good-neighbor relationship 睦邻友好关系

remove interferences and obstacles 排除干扰与障碍

exclusive group 排他性集团

exclusivism 排外主义

ratify 批准

equality and mutual benefit平等互利

principle of equality and mutual benefit平等互利原则

equal partnership平等伙伴关系

equal consultation平等协商

concerted effort 齐心协力

discrimination 歧视

make positive contribution to 起积极作用

millennium 千年

prospect;future 前景

condemn 谴责

power diplomacy 强权外交

power politics 强权政策

enforcement 强制执行

violate;encroach on;be an encroachment on 侵犯

seek common ground while reserving/shelving/putting aside differences 求同存异

twists and turns 曲折

yield to 屈服

trend 趋势

all-round cooperation 全方位合作

all-round;all-around 全面的；全方位的comprehensive engagement 全面接触

all-round improvement 全面提高

globalization 全球化

the world at large;the world over 全世界

rights and interests 权利和义务

(make)concessions 让步

humanitarian 人道主义者 fusion 融合trilateral 三边的

convey profound condolences to 深切哀悼

size up the situation 审时度势

mission 使命

undertaking;cause 事业

momentum 势头

build shared optimism 树立共有的乐观精神

bilateral 双边的

bilateral relations 双边关系

bilateral cooperation 双边合作

bilateral channels 双边渠道 bilateral diplomatic activities 双边外交

win-win situation 双赢局面

smooth transition of power 权利顺利平稳过渡

candid and in-depth 坦诚深入的treaty 条约

halt 停滞不前

equal dignity 同等尊严

break-through 突破

unity 团结

external blockade 外部封锁

diplomacy 外交

diplomatic practice 外交惯例

diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权

diplomatic barometer 外交晴雨表

diplomatic envoy 外交使节

diplomatic truce 外交休兵

downright distrust 完全不信任

complete equality 完全平等

stubborn ills 顽疾

seek a common good 为大众谋利

maintain the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong 维护香港的繁荣与稳定

justice-upholding 维护正义的diplomatic practice 外交惯例

cultural exchange 文化交流

cultural ambassador 文化使节 cradle of civilization 文化摇篮

inexorable facts 无情的事实

disorder 无秩序状态

current state 现状

elaborate on 详细谈论

harmonize 协调

agreement 协定

alliance 结盟

protocol 协议

coordination 协作

hand-in hand 携手

a new world pattern 新的世界形态

neo-colonialism 新殖民主义

assert 宣称；维护

declaration 宣告，声明

the Asia-Pacific region 亚太地区

severe test 严峻的考验

message of condolences 唁电

consistent policy 一贯的政策

take history as guidance and look into the future 以史为鉴，面向未来

ideology 意识形态

never yielding 永不屈服

increase;strengthen;promote;expand;boost 增进

enhance mutual understanding 增进了解

strategic relationship 战略关系

strategic partnership of coordination 战略协作伙伴关系

normalization 正常化

correct foreign policy 正确的对外方针

an official visit 正式访问

transfer of government 政权交接

political dialogs 政治对话

political and moral support 政治和道义上的支持

medium and long term cooperation 中长期的合作

the Sino-Japanese Treaty for Peace and Friendship 中日和平友好条约

apartheid;racial segregation 种族隔离

racial tensions 种族矛盾 racial discrimination 种族歧视

approach(a problem)着手处理

reevaluation 重新评估

sovereign states 主权国家

garrison 驻军

self-determination 自觉自主

self-reclusive 自我封闭

least-developed countries(LDCs)最不发达国家

the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 和平共处五项基本原则

equality and mutual benefit平等互利

mutual respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity 互相尊重和主权领土完整

non-aggression 互不侵犯

non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries 互不干涉内政

peaceful coexistence 和平共处

Abstract Expressionism 抽象表现主义

Art Deco 装饰派艺术

Art Nouveau 新艺术主义

Ashcan School 垃圾箱画派

Assemblage(Collage)装配艺术品

Barbizon School(Landscape Painting)巴比松画派

Baroque 巴罗克艺术风格

Classicism 古典风格

Constructivism 构成派

Cubism 立体派

Dada达达主义运动

Expressionism 表现主义

Fauvism 野兽派

Futurism 未来主义

Genre 风俗画

Impressionism 印象主义

Mannerism 风格主义

Neoclassicism 新古典主义

Neoimpressionism 新印象主义，点描派

Op Art 光效应绘画艺术，欧普艺术

Pop Art 波普艺术

Realism 现实主义画派 Rococo 洛可可风格

Surrealism 超现实主义

Symbolism 象征主义

bas-relief(=bass-relief)浮雕，浅浮雕

cameo 刻有浮雕的宝石或贝壳

caricature 漫画

cartoon（报刊上的）政治性漫画，讽刺画，卡通画，漫画

chiaroscuro 光影、明暗对比法

colors, complementary 补色；对比色

第五篇：词汇翻译

词汇翻译

1.private overseas shopping representatives： 个人代购 2.cross-border e-commerce：跨境电子贸易

3.go through the process of customs declaration：走报关流程

4.large online platforms with proper customs declarations：走正规报关流程的大型网络购物平台

5.brainwashing pop song：洗脑歌 6.Ear-worm effect：耳虫效应 7.group psychology：从众心理 8.extradition treaty：引渡条约 9.economic fugitive：经济逃犯

10.case-by-case studies：进行个案研究 11.permanent residence permit：长期居留许可 12.act/play cute：卖萌

13.digital technology：数字技术 14.Foreclosure：弃房断供”就是

15.residential mortgage loan defaults：按揭贷款逾期未还 16.inpiduality scholarship：个性奖学金 17.Homogeneity：同质化

18.film rating system：电影分级制度

19..rating system for online games：网络游戏分级标准 20.lingering drought 持续干旱 21.effective precipitation 有效降水 22.scattered shower 零星阵雨 23.drought-plagued regions 受旱地区 24.water discharges 下泄流量 25.cumulative rainfall 累计雨量 26.drought alleviation 抗旱

27.cloud-seeding operation 种云作业 28.artificial weather intervention 人工天气干预 29.artificially enhance precipitation 人工增雨

30.water resources allocation mechanism 水资源分配机制 31.arid land 干旱土地 32.water rationing 限时供水 33.dry up 干涸 34.dry spell 干旱期

35.Share the Games, Share our Dreams：分享青春 共筑未来 36.modern,fresh and dynamic：现代、新颖、动感 37.Track of Winners：胜利者的足迹 38.high-polluting fuels：高污染燃料 39.anti-virus software：反病毒软件

40.data loss prevention software：防数据丢失软件 41.information leakage：信息泄露 42.do-not-use list：禁用名单

43.self-developed products：自主研发产品 44.选座服务：seat selection service 45.过道或者窗户的位置：window or aisle seats 46.急出口位：emergency exit 47.选座费：seat selection fee 48.机上无线网络服务（in-flight Wi-Fi service 49.好座位”（premium economy seats 50.“寄血验子”：illegal transportation of blood samples to Hong Kong for gender screening 51.血液DNA检测;DNA gender screening 52.反垄断调查:anti-monopoly investigations 53.售前检测:pre-delivery inspections: 54.公平竞争:fair competition 55.保护消费者权益:protect consumers' right 56.滥用市场支配地位:abuse of market ascendancy 57.降价:cut price 58.羊水栓塞:amniotic fluid embolism [ˌæmnɪ'oʊtɪk ˌfluɪd ˌɛmbəˌlɪzəm]

59.“裁员”或者“裁减工作岗位”：job cuts或lay of（动词形式就是to cut jobs或者to lay someone off）

60.裁员补偿：layoff compensation或者redundancy payments 61.协商离职协议：Severance Agreement 62.劳资纠纷：labor dispute

63.炫富：boast online about her lavish lifestyle 64.干爹：sugar daddy 65.赌博：gambling 66.性交易：sex trade 67.炒作：play the publicity stunt 68.权力寻租：rent-seeking 69.土地征用：land requisition 70.囤地：land reserve 71.供地：land supply 72.土地买卖：land sales 73.最低限价：knock-down prices

74.松绑限购：relaxed home purchase restrictions 75.寻租腐败：rent-seeking and corruption 76.打油诗”：doggerel

77.得奖不够格：unworthy of the prize 78.得奖不够格：unworthy of the prize

79.职业道德：professional ethics of the judging panel 80.鲁迅文学奖：Lu Xun Literature Prize

81.中篇小说（middle-length novels）、短篇小说（short novels）、报告文学（reportage）、诗歌（poems）、散文杂文（prose and essays）、文学理论评论（literary reviews and theoretical works）

82.苏格兰独立公投：Scottish Independence Referendum 83.放权：devolve power 84.简政放权：streamline administration and delegate more power to lower-level governments 85.“招妓”的英文表达是hire prostitutes[ˈprɑ:stətu:t] 86.嫖妓的英文表达是pay for sex 87.zero tolerance

零容忍 88.Goddess [ˌgɑ:dəs]

女神 89.credibility deficit 信誉赤字 90.sub-healthy 亚健康 91.crisis of credibility 信任危机 92.Loss of faith 信仰缺失

93.behaviors have gone unpunished 不道德行为没受到惩罚

94.“mercenary” market economy “唯利是图”的市场经济 95.Lack of faith 信仰缺失

96.“Bystander attitude” or being indifferent 冷漠的看客心态 97.Anxiety over work, life and future 社会焦虑症（因工作、生活、养老及未来无法预期等而长期紧张与不安）98.Habitual distrust习惯性怀疑 99.Ostentatiousness 炫富心态 100.Reveling in scandals 审丑心理（假恶丑盛行、越骂越红）101.Hedonism 娱乐至死（崇尚个人享乐主义）

102.Extreme, violent and anti-social behaviors 暴戾狂躁症（残暴易怒、好走极端甚至危害社会）

103.Addiction to the Internet 网络依赖症

104.Masochism, complaints about the Party and state system 自虐心态（对党和体制抱怨不休）

105.inclusive macroeconomic and social policies 包容性宏观经济和社会政策 106.the need to simultaneously achieve growth, inclusiveness, protection and preservation 实现增长、包容性和环保挑战的迫切需要

107.international law and multilateralism with the United Nations at its center and foundation 以联合国为中心和基础的国际法和多边主义

108.market inter-linkages, financial integration, infrastructure connectivity as well as people-to-people contacts 一体化大市场、金融大流通、互联互通以及人文大交流 109.strong macroeconomic frameworks, well regulated financial markets and robust levels of reserves 强有力的宏观经济框架、良好监管的金融市场和充足的外汇储备 110.tax evasion, transnational fraud and aggressive tax planning 逃税、跨国税务欺诈和恶意税收筹划

111.voice and representation of EMDCs(emerging markets and developing countries)新兴市场和发展中国家的话语权和代表性

112.end extreme poverty and to promote shared prosperity 消除极端贫困，促进共同繁荣

113.efficient allocation of resources, free flow of goods, and fair and orderly competition 资源高效配置、商品自由流动、竞争公平有序

114.an open, inclusive, non-discriminatory, transparent and rule-based multilateral trading system 开放、包容、非歧视、透明和基于规则的多边贸易体系

115.maintain international peace and security, protect and foster human rights and promote sustainable development 维护国际和平与安全、保护和促进人权、促进可持续发展

116.mutual trust, mutual benefit, equity and cooperation 互信、互利、平等、合作的原则 117.the spirit of openness, inclusiveness and win-win cooperation 开放、包容和共赢的精神 118.China's diplomacy has principles to act upon, cherishes friendship and righteousness, seeks justice and adheres to the path of peaceful development.中国外交有原则、重情谊、讲道义、谋公正。

119.the anchor that helps stabilize the global economy and the shield that protect the peace of the international community 世界经济稳定之锚，国际和平之盾

120.exchange reform experiences and strengthen all-round cooperation 交流改革经验，加强全面合作

121.comprehensive and cooperative partnership featuring equality, mutual benefit and common development 平等、互利、共同发展的全面合作伙伴关系

122.deepen our friendship and treat each other with all sincerity, carry out mutually beneficial cooperation and forge our partnership in reform and development 深化肝胆相照的友谊，开展互利双赢的合作，做改革发展的伙伴

123.increase inter-party exchanges, and work for more frequent multi-tiered dialogues and consultations加强党际交流，密切各层级对话磋商 124.手机人行道（mobile phone sidewalk）125.“低头族”

phubber 126.tweet seats 微博专座

127.Chatterboxing 观看电视上的综艺节目时，很多人都喜欢边看边发微博讨论 128.新闻敲诈” extorting money from companies in return for positive coverage 129.Journalists suspected of serious economic crimes 涉嫌重大经济犯罪的记者 130.extortion in the media 媒体敲诈 131.paid-for news coverage 有偿新闻 132.路演 roadshow

133.机构投资者institutional investors）134.网上路演online roadshow 135.股票的发行价initial offer price 136.“刷脸” face swiping 137.swiping card（刷卡）

138.payment system based on face recognition technology人脸识别支付系统 139.Tainted stars即为“劣迹艺人

140.Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 141.Nobel Economics Prize 诺贝尔经济学奖

142.Swindling scientific research funds即为“套取国家科研经费”，swindling的原形为swindle，指“欺骗，诈骗”，常用搭配为swindle someone out of something，如，An oil executive swindled £50,000 out of his firm.（一名石油公司主管从其公司骗取了 5 万英镑。）四处行骗的骗子就是swindler。

143.科研腐败 corruption in scientific research

144.科研经费管理使用混乱（mismanagement and misuse of scientific research funds

145.improper relationships 不正当关系

146.committing academic cheating（学术造假）、misusing research funds or academic resources（滥用科研经费和学术资源）、having part-time jobs off campus that affect teaching duties on campus（影响正常教育教学工作的兼职行为）

147.demerit on employment records（记过处分）、demotion（降职）、suspension（停职）、termination（开除）甚至being handed over to public security or judicial authorities（被移交公安或司法机关）

148.“登革热”dengue fever

149.stagnant water where the insects breed（滋生蚊虫的积水），同时还免费发放mosquito repellent（驱蚊剂）和handouts on mosquito control（蚊虫防控手册）。

150.闯红灯” cross the road when the light is at red 151.闯红灯者 jaywalker

152.Chinese style of crossing the road 中国式过马路 153.Crossing 十字路口

154.“校园踩踏”的英文表达是school stampede。155.serious dereliction of duty 严重失职 156.remove any safety hazards 排除一切安全隐患 157.begging and performing for money 乞讨卖艺 158.dispensing advertising pamphlets 发小广告 159.professional beggars 职业乞丐 160.弯曲门” bendgate

161.英文中用gate做后缀表示某个丑闻或者争议事件最早来源于“水门事件”（Watergate scandal），以至于后来就算英文中没有出现gate一词，中文也会加上“门”一词表示该事件的争议性，国内很多丑闻也会用“门”来表示，比如，艳照门（sex photo scandal）、虐囚门（prisoner abuse scandal），以及最近的奥巴马“拿铁敬礼门”（latte salute）等。

162.“吃空晌人员”则被形象地表达为phantom employees。163.public institutes 事业单位

164.“退赛”用forfeit a match表示，这里的forfeit指give it up willingly, especially so that you can achieve something else（为了获得其他东西而主动放弃某），如果只是单纯因为个人原因或不可抗力退出比赛则可以用abandon/pull out of/withdraw from the game表示，比如，Lee Chong Wei abandoned his game in the decider due to injury（李宗伟在决胜局因伤退赛）。

165.