第一篇：长城饭店与里根访华

长城饭店与里根访华

长城饭店1983年正式开张营业，之后一直面临着如何把长城饭店介绍给世界、招徕顾客的问题。1984年4月26日到5月1日，美国总统里根将访问中国。长城饭店获知消息后，立即着手了解里根访华的日程安排和随行人员。当得知随行来访的有一个五百多人的新闻代表团，其中包括美国的三大电视广播公司和各通讯社及著名的报刊之后，长城饭店决定抓住这次机会，举办一次大规模的公关活动。

为了使收看、收听电视、广播的公众能记住长城饭店这一名字，饭店总经理提出，如果各电视广播公司只要在播映时说上一句“我是在北京长城饭店向观众播报”，一切费用都可以优惠。富有经济头脑的美国各电视广播公司接受了这个条件，暂时当起了代言人、做起了免费的广告，把长城饭店的名字传向世界。

随后，长城饭店又把目标对准了高规格的里根总统的答谢宴会。在以往这几乎是不可能的，因为这种规格的宴会通常都在人民大会堂或美国大使馆举行。长城饭店先向中美两国礼宾司的首脑及有关执行部门的工作人员详细介绍了饭店的情况并赠送了相关资料，然后把重点放在了邀请各方首脑及各级负责人到饭店参观考察上。在看过长城饭店的设施、店容店貌、酒菜质量和服务水平之后，中美官员当即拍板，还争取到了里根总统的同意。

获得承办权之后，饭店经理立即邀请中外各大新闻机到饭店租用场地，实况转播美国总统的答谢宴会，并表示：如果转播时提到长城饭店，收费可以优惠。

答谢宴会举行当日，中美首脑、外国驻华使节、中外记者云集长城饭店。电视上在出现长城饭店宴会厅豪华的场面时，各国电视台记者和美国三大电视广播公司的节目主持人异口同声地说：“现在我们是在中国北京的长城饭店转播里根总统访华的最后一项活动——答谢宴会„„”在频频的举杯中，长城饭店一次又一次地展现在世界各地民众的面前。里根总统的夫人南希后来给长城饭店写信说：“感谢你们周到的服务，使我和我的丈夫在这里度过了一个愉快的夜晚。”

而且，在记者采访的过程中，有一件令那些记者终身难忘的事。那就是长城饭店公关部安排他们免费骑驴观长城。几十只驴的场面令阅历丰富的记者也大吃一惊，他们也没有见到如此宏伟的场面。还有，我们知道驴有俗称的“驴脾气”，它们在途中走走停停，任记者朋友们怎么“打”、“骂”，它们就是不走，把记者朋友们逗的乐滋滋的。使得长城饭店在他们心中留下深深的映象。

此后，各国访问者、旅游者、经商者慕名而至，有38个国家的首脑率代表团访问中国时，都在长城饭店举行了答谢宴会，以显示自己像里根总统一样对这次访华的重视和成功的表示。长城饭店从此名声大振，而承办里根总统答谢宴也成为公关史上一个成功的案例。

第二篇：里根总统访华欢迎宴会上的演讲 英文版（范文）

Speech at Welcoming banquet

Ronald Reagan

April 27, 1984

Since we arrived the graciousness with which we have been received has been truly heartwarming.A Chinese proverb best describes my feeling: when the visitor arrives, it is as if returning home.Having already known Premier Zhao, one of the purposes of my visit was to make new friends.But I find that instead of making friends, I am among friends.Mr.Premier, your memorable visit to the United States permitted you to judge for yourself the intentions of the American people.I hope the good will you experienced, just as I have enjoyed from your people, confirmed to you that our citizens want our countries to work in harmony.The American and Chinese Government have responded to that wish in a series of formal communiqués which set forth the fundamental principles of our relationship: the 1972 Shanghai communiqués;the January 1, 1979 communiqué establishing diplomatic relations;and, the August 17, 1982 communiqué negotiated by my administration.Mr.Premier, by any accounting, the cooperation between China and the United States already has been a boon to our people.We have both gained.In the last few years, two-way trade has taken off.There has been a veritable explosion of student, science, business, and tourist exchanges between our peoples.Joint business ventures, which profit all concerned, are multiplying.We would be less than candid if we minimized the significance of the benefits we each receive from our good relations.Standing together, we expand the trade and commercial ties that increase the quality of life in both countries.Standing together, we can further peace and security.Great nations, if adversaries, cannot draw from each others’ strengths.The commitment to stand as friends has been made.The promise is solid.The challenges that remain, however, will take both patience and mutual understanding.I have suggested, and with your permission, say again this evening: let us use as our guide the principle of mutual respect, mutual benefit.This principle has within it both dignity and fairness.Another source from which to draw is our knowledge of each other, a well of familiarity which increases in depth with every passing day.We are each working hard to learn more about the delicate and detailed workings of the other’s system— ours with its complex legal procedures based on the separation of powers, and yours with its own intricate patterns.Insights into why and how decisions are made can help both us appreciate our agreements and accept in good faith our disagreements.For what we see, Premier Zhao, my countrymen are enthused by what is happening in China.Your modernization program, an ambitious undertaking, makes our future relationship even more promising.You are striving to quadruple your production by the year 2 000.The eyes of the world are watching as you progress on this peaceful and productive course.The American people wish you success and offer you our cooperation in this great endeavor.Americans, more than others, admire those who set great goals and strive to improve their lot.When that first American merchant ship set sail for China 200 years ago, our forefathers were citizens of a weak republic living in an unexplored and undeveloped land.We Americans are proud of our accomplishments in these last 200 years, just as you are rightfully proud of the

enormous contributions Chinese civilization has made to mankind.As China moves forward to modernize and develop its economy, the United States is eager to join in a cooperative effort to share the American capabilities that helped turn our country from a vast wilderness into an industrial giant.Those American capabilities flow from the creative enterprise our society encourages.Our progress is based on what we have found to work.If it did not work, the American people, who are pragmatic by nature, would likely have abandoned it long ago.China today, I understand, is taking its own practical approach.By increasing incentives and decentralizing decision making, you are promoting innovation, creativity, and a better ability to adapt to local conditions.The responsibility system in agriculture has spurred increases in food production throughout China.And the Special Economic Zones are providing dramatic examples of how incentives can raise productivity and offer bountiful opportunities for a better life.In your drive for modernization, you have our best wishes.If you ask our advice, we can only answer with truth as we see it.But let me assure you that we want you to succeed.Having one billion people—nearly a quarter of mankind healthy, well-fed, clothed and housed, educated and given the opportunity for a higher standard of living---is in the interest of good and decent people everywhere.It is certainly in the interest of the American people, who wish to trade and be friends with the Chinese people.Premier Zhao, as we are all aware, our cooperation is based on more than simply the desire to improve our economies.Today the peace of the world is threatened by a major power that is focusing its resources and energies not on economic progress but, instead, on military power.The shift in military might of the last decade has made trust and friendship between us ever more vital.I know it is your desire, and that of the United States as well, that peace be preserved.We seek to better the quality of life of our people and that can be done only in a peaceful environment.War is the great destroyer of all the hopes of mankind.To preserve the peace and protect our own sovereignty and independence, we stand together in opposing expansionism and hegemony.Both of us seek to promote peace and reconciliation through dialogue between South and North on the Korean peninsula.Both of us seek the early independence of Namibia and an end to outside interference in the affairs of southern Africa.Although our prescriptions for getting there are quite different, we share a common desire for a resolution of the turmoil in the Middle East and Central America.Both of us seek an end to the use of chemical weapons, and agree on the necessity of reducing nuclear arms.A strong China dedicated to peace, clearly, is in the best interest of international stability and in the best interest of the United States.A robust and enduring friendship will bolster the security of both of our countries without compromising the independence of either.It will be the trust between us that will keep us and the world at peace.In this, let us be of the same kind.And as a saying from The Book of Changes goes, “If two people are of the same kind, their sharpness can cut through metal.”

It is the hope and prayer of the American people that someday there will no longer be a need for our Nation to use any of its resources to produce weapons of any kind.The Chinese and American people are now showing the world, by our example, that there is a better way than hatred and violence.Many of us in this room have seen much history in our lifetimes.My own lifetime spans one third of the history of the American Republic.Over the many years that God has permitted me to

live, I have observed the changing nature of the relationship between our two countries.At times, our feelings toward each other were hostile and negative.Today we have the opportunity to keep our countries on a path of genuine good will that will reap rewards for generations to come.Let us not shy from the task.It will not be easy.Yet, let us move forward so that some day when the young people of our countries reach a ripe old age, they will look back and there will be no memory of a time when there was anything else but friendship and good feelings between the Chinese and American people.That is a gift we can give to them.

第三篇：公共关系作业：长城饭店

北京长城饭店是中国第一家中外合资的五星级饭店。这家饭店开业以来，名声越来越响亮，尤其是在海外，知之者甚众。

为什么北京长城饭店能取得这样的成功？

1.北京长城饭店的公共关系部（链接）

2.北京长城饭店的日常公关调查与策划

3.北京长城饭店的商战用计-----瞒天过海

1、北京长城饭店的公共关系部

一提到长城饭店的公关工作，人们立刻会想到那举世闻名的里根总统的答谢宴会、北京市副市长证婚的95对新人集体婚礼、颐和园的中秋赏月和十三陵的野外烧烤等一系列使长城饭店名声雀起的专题公关活动。

长城饭店在成立之际就设立了公共关系部，招收和培训了一批高质量的公关人员，制定了一套公关活动计划和准则，把公关贯穿于饭店的各个环节。

1984年初，长城饭店试营业期间，公关部经理是一位美国的露西•布朗小姐。她为提高饭店的知名度，可谓绞尽脑汁。当时人们对公关相当陌生，觉得很神秘。一次，有位服务员在打扫房间时，发现客人的床头推放着一本书，她没有挪动书的位臵，也没有信手把书合上，而是细心地在书摊开的地方夹进了一张小纸条，以起书签作用。客人对服务员细致的服务倍加称赞，并将此事告诉了同来的几十名同事，告诉了她所认识的所有朋友。

露西小姐抓住这件小事，告诉大家，这就是公关活动！公关需要 从细微处做起，所有饭店工作人员都应通过自己的一举一动体现公关意识，从各外方面树立完美的形象。

2、北京长城饭店的日常公关调查与策划

长城饭店的大量公关工作，尤其是围绕为客人服务的日常公关工作，首先源于它周密系统的调查研究。

长城饭店日常的调查研究通常由以下几个方面组成。

一、日调查

1、问卷调查。每天将表放在客房内，表中的32项内容涉及客人对饭店的总体评价，故地重游再来北京时再住长城饭店的可能性有多大，对十几个类别的服务质量评价如何，对服务员服务态度评价如何，以及是否加入喜来登俱乐部和客人的游历情况等等。

2、接待投诉。几位客务经理24小时轮班在大厅内接待客人反映情况，随时

随地帮助客人处理困难、受理投诉、解答各种问题。调查表和投诉意见，每天集中收回，由客房部与公关部进行统计整理，其结果当晚交饭店总经理，使决策层及时了解情况，次日早晨在各部门经理例会上通报情况。

二、月调查

1、顾客态度调查。每天按等距抽样向客人发送喜来登集团在全球统一使用的调查问卷。每日收回，月底集中寄到喜来登集团总部，进行全球性综合分析，并在全球范围内进行季度评比。根据量化分析对全球最好的喜来登饭店和进步最快的饭店给以奖励。

2、市场调查。前台经理与在京大饭店的前台经理每月交流一次游客情况，互通情报，共同分析本地区的形象。

三、半年调查

喜来登总部每半年召开一次世界范围内的全球旅游情形调研会，其所属的各饭店的销售经理从世界各地带来大量的信息，相互交流、研究，使每个饭店都能了解世界旅游形势，站在全球的角度商议经营方针。

这种系统的全方位调研制度，宏观上可以使饭店决策者高瞻远瞩地了解全世界旅游业的形势，进而可以了解本地区的行情，微观上可以了解本店每个岗位、每项服务乃至每个员工工作的情况，从而使他们的决策有的放矢。综合调查表明，任何一家饭店，光有较高的知名度是远远不够的，要想保持较高的“回头率”主要是靠优质服务，使客人满意。怎样才能使客人满意呢？经过调查研究和策划，喜来登集团面对竞争推出了“SGSS”方案。（Sheraton Guest Satisfaction System,中文直译为“喜来登宾客满意系统”）意译为“宾至如归方案”。）提出要在3个月内对该店上至总经理、下至一般服务员的1650名员工进行强化培训，不准请假，合格发证上岗。在每人第年100美元培训费基础上另设奖金，奖励先进。其宗旨就是向宾客提供满意服务，使他们有宾至如归的感觉。

随着这一方案的推行，饭店的服务水平又有了新的提高。

首先，在宏观战略上，饭店做出了调整。

1、1989年6月以前，长城饭店的客人90%以上都来自欧美，饭店主要提供欧美式服务，服务员也以讲英语为主，饭店的简介、价目表也一直是用英文印刷的。

2、欧美人习惯喝自来水，饭店便提供再次处理的自来水，而没有主动送茶水的服务程序。1989年6月以后，调研表明，亚太地区的华侨、华裔和港澳台胞客人的比例明显增加，于是饭店改变了原有服务程序与项目，增加中文简介、价目表和宣传品，为适应亚洲人和中国人的习惯，增加主动送茶水的程序。

3、电话服务的问候也改为中文、后用英文，以便适应大多数宾客的心理习惯，使他们感到亲切、舒适、方便。

4、当有团队或成批客人同时进店时，为了不让旅途劳累的宾客排队等候登记分房间，饭店专门开设了团队接待处让宾客休息，服务员献上鲜花、茶水，然后再分钥匙，将客人送到房间去，使疲劳的游客一进饭店就有“宾至如归”的感觉，能立刻放松下来，感到舒心、满意保持良好的心境。

5、新印制的饭店简介首页上印着一行金黄色的小字，这条金线重复着一句话，即“AT SHERATON LITTLE THINGS MEANALOT”（“在喜来登小事不小”或译为“在喜来登，小事意义大”。）这一口号是长城饭店落实“宾至如归”方案的指导思想和信条，它在要求每位员工对于顾客遇到日常小事、意外困难或者小的麻烦都要千方百计地帮助解决，树立“公关无小事”，“小事意义大”的思想。并以次为行动指南。

3、北京长城饭店的商战用计-----瞒天过海

首瞒无冕之王

机遇总是留给思考着和时刻准备着的人。北京长城饭店等来了自己的春天。

当时，北京市为缓解八达岭长城过于拥挤之苦，整修了慕田峪长城。当慕田峪长城刚刚修复、准备开放之际，北京长城饭店不失时机地向慕田峪长城管理处提出看似亏本的请求。请求说，由北京长城饭店来举办一次招待外国记者的活动，一切费用都由饭店负担。慕田峪长城管理处对这个看上去完全符合自己利益的请求很是欢迎，他们只提出了一个要求，那就是在招待外国记者的活动中，有一项内容是请记者浏览整修一新的慕田峪长城，目的当然是想借记者之口向国外宣传新开辟的慕田峪长城。

双方很快达成协议，并付诸于实施。

活动当天，北京长城饭店特意在慕田峪长城脚下准备了一批小毛驴。这批小毛驴除了一批供愿意骑的记者外，大部分是用来驮饮料和食品。毛驴是中国古代传统的代步工具，既能骑，也能驮东西。当然，长城、毛驴这些属于中国传统的元素更能增强中国这一东方文明古国的神秘感，所以也就更吸引西方记者的触觉，提升西方读者的阅读兴趣。

果然，当外国记者们陆续来到山顶之际，主人们从毛驴背上取下法国香槟酒，在长城上打开，供记者们饮用。长城、毛驴、香槟、洋人，记者们觉得这个镜头对比太鲜明，连连叫好，纷纷举起照相机。照片发回各国之后，编辑们

也甚为动心。于是，第二天世界各地的报纸几乎都刊登了慕田峪长城的照片。北京这家以长城命名的饭店也随之名声大振。一笔高昂的广告费用就因为一个活动，一批小毛驴而化为乌有。

再瞒美国大使

通过这次活动，北京长城饭店的公关经理，一位当过记者的美国小姐，尝到了甜头。她明白了一个道理，那就是通过编辑、记者的笔头、镜头，把长城饭店介绍给世界各国，不仅效果远远超过广告，而且还可少花钱。于是，精明的公关小姐心中盘算起举办一次更大规模的公关活动。

1984年4月26日到5月1日，美国总统里根将访问中国。北京长城饭店立即着手了解里根访华的日程安排和随行人员。当得知随行来访的有一个500多人的新闻代表团，其中包括美国的三大电视广播公司和各通讯社及著名的报刊之后，北京长城饭店的这位公关经理喜出望外，她决定把早已酝酿好的计谋有步骤地付诸实施。

首先，争取把500多人的新闻代表团请进饭店。他们三番五次免费邀请美国驻华使馆的工作人员来长城饭店参观品尝，在宴会上由饭店的总经理征求使者们对服务质量的意见，并多次上门求教。在这之后，他们以美国投资的一流饭店，应该接待美国的一流新闻代表团为理由，提出接待随同里根的新闻代表团的要求，经双方磋商，长城饭店如愿以偿地获得接待美国新闻代表团的任务。

其次，在优惠的服务中实现潜在动机。长城饭店对代表团的所有要求都给予了满足。为了使代表团各新闻机构能够及时把稿件发回国内，长城饭店主动在楼顶上架起了扇形天线，并把客房的高级套房布臵成便利发稿的工作间。对美国的三大电视广播公司，更是给予特殊照顾。将富有中国园林特色的“艺亭苑”茶园介绍给CBS公司、将中西合壁的顶楼酒吧“凌霄阁”介绍给NBC公司、将古朴典雅的露天花园介绍给ABC公司，并分别作为他们播放电视新闻的背景。这样一来，长城饭店的精华部份，尽收西方各国公众的眼底。为了使收看、收听电视、广播的公众能记住长城饭店这一名字，饭店总经理提出，如果各电视广播公司只要在播映时说上一句“我是在北京长城饭店向观众讲话”，一切费用都可以优惠。富有经济头脑的美国各电视广播公司自然愿意接受这个条件，暂当代言人、做免费的广告。

一切按计划在有序进行，随着里根访华的进行，美国三大电视广播公司、各通讯社及著名的报刊把长城饭店的名字及时地传向了世界。

三瞒里根总统

有了这两步成功的经验，北京长城饭店谋划出了一个标准更高的宣传方案——要借美国总统里根为北京长城饭店做免费形象代言人。

这个看似荒诞无稽的策划让北京长城饭店变为了事实。他们把目标对准了高规格的里根总统答谢宴会。

当时，要争取到这样高规格的答谢宴会是有相当大难度的，因为此前这样的宴会都是在北京人民大会堂或美国大使馆举行，移到其他地方尚无先例。所以方案出台后，有人讥笑北京饭店是“癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉”，北京长城饭店没有理会这些闲言碎语，他们深信有志者事竟成，决定用事实来说话。

于是，北京长城饭店立即着手向中美两国礼宾司的首脑及有关执行部门的工作人员详细介绍饭店情况、赠送资料；同时，把重点放在了邀请各方首脑及各级负责人到饭店参观考察上来，让他们亲眼看一看长城饭店的设施、店容店貌、酒菜质量和服务水平。用事实证明北京长城饭店不仅在中国，即使是在世界上也是一流的。到场的中美官员被事实说服了，当即拍板，并争取到了里根总统的同意。

获得承办权之后，饭店经理立即与中外各大新闻机构联系，邀请他们到饭店租用场地，实况转播美国总统的答谢宴会，收费可以优惠，条件是：“转播时必须提到长城饭店”。

答谢宴会举行的当天，中美首脑、外国驻华使者、中外记者云集北京长城饭店。电视上在出现饭店宴会厅豪华场面时，各国电视台记者和美国三大电视广播公司的节目主持人异口同声地说：“现在我们是在中国北京的长城饭店转播里根总统访华的最后一项活动——答谢宴会……”在频频的举杯中，长城饭店的名字一次又一次地通过电波飞向世界各地，长城饭店的风姿一次又一次地跃入各国公众眼帘。

里根总统的夫人南希后来给长城饭店写信说：“感谢你们周到的服务，使我和我的丈夫在这里度过了一个愉快的夜晚。”这封书信理所当然地成为了世界记者的噱头，再度为北京长城饭店赢得了口碑和身价。

通过这一成功的公关活动，北京长城饭店名声大振。各国访问者、旅游者、经商者慕名而来；美国的珠宝号游艇来签合同了；美国的林德布来德旅游公司来签订合同了；几家外国航空公司也来签合同了。后来，有38个国家的首脑率代表团访问中国时，都在长城饭店举行了答谢宴会，以显示自己像里根总统一样对这次访华的重视和成功的表示。

从此，北京长城饭店的名字传遍了世界，成为了身份的标签。

“瞒天过海”是使用伪装的手段，引诱对方；利用机会，乘人之危来坐享成功的策略。也就是在外表上装作就要采取行动，对对方保持警戒之心，但实际上却不采取任何行动。如此反复伪装，使对方误以为这仅仅是虚张声势，而慢慢怠于警戒。这时即刻抓住对方的疏忽，乘虚而入，给予致命的一击。其关键在于一个“瞒”字，瞒得过则大功告成，瞒不过则弄巧成拙。

当然，此计中“瞒”不是最终目的，而是“过海”的必要手段。此计中的“天”指对自己构成威胁的对象。要善于抓住“天”的弱点施谋设计，使“天”变

成聋子和瞎子。用“瞒”解除了“天”的威胁，“过海”也就不难了。如今回头去看北京长城饭店当初所做事情，诸如举办招待外国记者的活动，诸如招待里根访华的新闻代表团，诸如承办里根访华答谢宴会，诸如提供的小毛驴，诸如在对新闻机构提出的优惠条件等等，无一不饱含“瞒”字，所有的一切不过是为了达到其真实的目的——向世界推广长城饭店。

第四篇：里根就职演说

美国历届总统就职演说（里根）

Second Inaugural Address of Ronald Reagan MONDAY, JANUARY 21, 1985 Senator Mathias, Chief Justice Burger, Vice President Bush, Speaker O'Neill, Senator Dole, Reverend Clergy, members of my family and friends, and my fellow citizens: This day has been made brighter with the presence here of one who, for a time, has been absent--Senator John Stennis.God bless you and welcome back.There is, however, one who is not with us today: Representative Gillis Long of Louisiana left us last night.I wonder if we could all join in a moment of silent prayer.(Moment of silent prayer.)Amen.There are no words adequate to express my thanks for the great honor that you have bestowed on me.I will do my utmost to be deserving of your trust.This is, as Senator Mathias told us, the 50th time that we the people have celebrated this historic occasion.When the first President, George Washington, placed his hand upon the Bible, he stood less than a single day's journey by horseback from raw, untamed wilderness.There were 4 million Americans in a union of 13 States.Today we are 60 times as many in a union of 50 States.We have lighted the world with our inventions, gone to the aid of mankind wherever in the world there was a cry for help, journeyed to the Moon and safely returned.So much has changed.And yet we stand together as we did two centuries ago.When I took this oath four years ago, I did so in a time of economic stress.Voices were raised saying we had to look to our past for the greatness and glory.But we, the present-day Americans, are not given to looking backward.In this blessed land, there is always a better tomorrow.Four years ago, I spoke to you of a new beginning and we have accomplished that.But in another sense, our new beginning is a continuation of that beginning created two centuries ago when, for the first time in history, government, the people said, was not our master, it is our servant;its only power that which we the people allow it to have.That system has never failed us, but, for a time, we failed the system.We asked things of government that government was not equipped to give.We yielded authority to the National Government that properly belonged to States or to local governments or to the people themselves.We allowed taxes and inflation to rob us of our earnings and savings and watched the great industrial machine that had made us the most productive people on Earth slow down and the number of unemployed increase.By 1980, we knew it was time to renew our faith, to strive with all our strength toward the ultimate in inpidual freedom consistent with an orderly society.We believed then and now there are no limits to growth and human progress when men and women are free to follow their dreams.And we were right to believe that.Tax rates have been reduced, inflation cut dramatically, and more people are employed than ever before in our history.We are creating a nation once again vibrant, robust, and alive.But there are many mountains yet to climb.We will not rest until every American enjoys the fullness of freedom, dignity, and opportunity as our birthright.It is our birthright as citizens of this great Republic, and we'll meet this challenge.These will be years when Americans have restored their confidence and tradition of progress;when our values of faith, family, work, and neighborhood were restated for a modern age;when our economy was finally freed from government's grip;when we made sincere efforts at meaningful arms reduction, rebuilding our defenses, our economy, and developing new technologies, and helped preserve peace in a troubled world;when Americans courageously supported the struggle for liberty, self-government, and free enterprise throughout the world, and turned the tide of history away from totalitarian darkness and into the warm sunlight of human freedom.My fellow citizens, our Nation is poised for greatness.We must do what we know is right and do it with all our might.Let history say of us, “These were golden years--when the American Revolution was reborn, when freedom gained new life, when America reached for her best.” Our two-party system has served us well over the years, but never better than in those times of great challenge when we came together not as Democrats or Republicans, but as Americans united in a common cause.Two of our Founding Fathers, a Boston lawyer named Adams and a Virginia planter named Jefferson, members of that remarkable group who met in Independence Hall and dared to think they could start the world over again, left us an important lesson.They had become political rivals in the Presidential election of 1800.Then years later, when both were retired, and age had softened their anger, they began to speak to each other again through letters.A bond was reestablished between those two who had helped create this government of ours.In 1826, the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, they both died.They died on the same day, within a few hours of each other, and that day was the Fourth of July.In one of those letters exchanged in the sunset of their lives, Jefferson wrote: “It carries me back to the times when, beset with difficulties and dangers, we were fellow laborers in the same cause, struggling for what is most valuable to man, his right to self-government.Laboring always at the same oar, with some wave ever ahead threatening to overwhelm us, and yet passing harmless...we rode through the storm with heart and hand.” Well, with heart and hand, let us stand as one today: One people under God determined that our future shall be worthy of our past.As we do, we must not repeat the well-intentioned errors of our past.We must never again abuse the trust of working men and women, by sending their earnings on a futile chase after the spiraling demands of a bloated Federal Establishment.You elected us in 1980 to end this prescription for disaster, and I don't believe you reelected us in 1984 to reverse course.At the heart of our efforts is one idea vindicated by 25 straight months of economic growth: Freedom and incentives unleash the drive and entrepreneurial genius that are the core of human progress.We have begun to increase the rewards for work, savings, and investment;reduce the increase in the cost and size of government and its interference in people's lives.We must simplify our tax system, make it more fair, and bring the rates down for all who work and earn.We must think anew and move with a new boldness, so every American who seeks work can find work;so the least among us shall have an equal chance to achieve the greatest things--to be heroes who heal our sick, feed the hungry, protect peace among nations, and leave this world a better place.The time has come for a new American emancipation--a great national drive to tear down economic barriers and liberate the spirit of enterprise in the most distressed areas of our country.My friends, together we can do this, and do it we must, so help me God.--From new freedom will spring new opportunities for growth, a more productive, fulfilled and united people, and a stronger America--an America that will lead the technological revolution, and also open its mind and heart and soul to the treasures of literature, music, and poetry, and the values of faith, courage, and love.A dynamic economy, with more citizens working and paying taxes, will be our strongest tool to bring down budget deficits.But an almost unbroken 50 years of deficit spending has finally brought us to a time of reckoning.We have come to a turning point, a moment for hard decisions.I have asked the Cabinet and my staff a question, and now I put the same question to all of you: If not us, who? And if not now, when? It must be done by all of us going forward with a program aimed at reaching a balanced budget.We can then begin reducing the national debt.I will shortly submit a budget to the Congress aimed at freezing government program spending for the next year.Beyond that, we must take further steps to permanently control Government's power to tax and spend.We must act now to protect future generations from Government's desire to spend its citizens' money and tax them into servitude when the bills come due.Let us make it unconstitutional for the Federal Government to spend more than the Federal Government takes in.We have already started returning to the people and to State and local governments responsibilities better handled by them.Now, there is a place for the Federal Government in matters of social compassion.But our fundamental goals must be to reduce dependency and upgrade the dignity of those who are infirm or disadvantaged.And here a growing economy and support from family and community offer our best chance for a society where compassion is a way of life, where the old and infirm are cared for, the young and, yes, the unborn protected, and the unfortunate looked after and made self And there is another area where the Federal Government can play a part.As an older American, I remember a time when people of different race, creed, or ethnic origin in our land found hatred and prejudice installed in social custom and, yes, in law.There is no story more heartening in our history than the progress that we have made toward the “brotherhood of man” that God intended for us.Let us resolve there will be no turning back or hesitation on the road to an America rich in dignity and abundant with opportunity for all our citizens.Let us resolve that we the people will build an American opportunity society in which all of us--white and black, rich and poor, young and old--will go forward together arm in arm.Again, let us remember that though our heritage is one of blood lines from every corner of the Earth, we are all Americans pledged to carry on this last, best hope of man on Earth.I have spoken of our domestic goals and the limitations which we should put on our National Government.Now let me turn to a task which is the primary responsibility of National Government-the safety and security of our people.Today, we utter no prayer more fervently than the ancient prayer for peace on Earth.Yet history has shown that peace will not come, nor will our freedom be preserved, by good will alone.There are those in the world who scorn our vision of human dignity and freedom.One nation, the Soviet Union, has conducted the greatest military buildup in the history of man, building arsenals of awesome offensive weapons.We have made progress in restoring our defense capability.But much remains to be done.There must be no wavering by us, nor any doubts by others, that America will meet her responsibilities to remain free, secure, and at peace.There is only one way safely and legitimately to reduce the cost of national security, and that is to reduce the need for it.And this we are trying to do in negotiations with the Soviet Union.We are not just discussing limits on a further increase of nuclear weapons.We seek, instead, to reduce their number.We seek the total elimination one day of nuclear weapons from the face of the Earth.Now, for decades, we and the Soviets have lived under the threat of mutual assured destruction;if either resorted to the use of nuclear weapons, the other could retaliate and destroy the one who had started it.Is there either logic or morality in believing that if one side threatens to kill tens of millions of our people, our only recourse is to threaten killing tens of millions of theirs? I have approved a research program to find, if we can, a security shield that would destroy nuclear missiles before they reach their target.It wouldn't kill people, it would destroy weapons.It wouldn't militarize space, it would help demilitarize the arsenals of Earth.It would render nuclear weapons obsolete.We will meet with the Soviets, hoping that we can agree on a way to rid the world of the threat of nuclear destruction.We strive for peace and security, heartened by the changes all around us.Since the turn of the century, the number of democracies in the world has grown fourfold.Human freedom is on the march, and nowhere more so than our own hemisphere.Freedom is one of the deepest and noblest aspirations of the human spirit.People, worldwide, hunger for the right of self-determination, for those inalienable rights that make for human dignity and progress.America must remain freedom's staunchest friend, for freedom is our best ally.And it is the world's only hope, to conquer poverty and preserve peace.Every blow we inflict against poverty will be a blow against its dark allies of oppression and war.Every victory for human freedom will be a victory for world peace.So we go forward today, a nation still mighty in its youth and powerful in its purpose.With our alliances strengthened, with our economy leading the world to a new age of economic expansion, we look forward to a world rich in possibilities.And all this because we have worked and acted together, not as members of political parties, but as Americans.My friends, we live in a world that is lit by lightning.So much is changing and will change, but so much endures, and transcends time.History is a ribbon, always unfurling;history is a journey.And as we continue our journey, we think of those who traveled before us.We stand together again at the steps of this symbol of our democracy--or we would have been standing at the steps if it hadn't gotten so cold.Now we are standing inside this symbol of our democracy.Now we hear again the echoes of our past: a general falls to his knees in the hard snow of Valley Forge;a lonely President paces the darkened halls, and ponders his struggle to preserve the Union;the men of the Alamo call out encouragement to each other;a settler pushes west and sings a song, and the song echoes out forever and fills the unknowing air.It is the American sound.It is hopeful, big-hearted, idealistic, daring, decent, and fair.That's our heritage;that is our song.We sing it still.For all our problems, our differences, we are together as of old, as we raise our voices to the God who is the Author of this most tender music.And may He continue to hold us close as we fill the world with our sound--sound in unity, affection, and love--one people under God, dedicated to the dream of freedom that He has placed in the human heart, called upon now to pass that dream on to a waiting and hopeful world.God bless you and may God bless America.

第五篇：里根与撒切尔夫人

班级：2班 学号：10010022 姓名：席芊函

里根与撒切尔夫人

----英美关系的特殊乐章

在20世纪80年代那个暗流涌动的时代里，英美两国的特殊关系无疑和两个人物息息相关----里根和撒切尔夫人。二人的特殊友谊更是广为世人称道：里根曾褒扬撒切尔是「英格兰的人中龙凤」，撒切尔则说里根是除了她的丈夫之外，「我生命中第二重要的男人」。两人的关系可见一斑。我想知道的是，这份友谊又有怎样的渊源？

首先，让我们回顾一下几件具有代表性的事例。1982年撒切尔夫人发动“马岛战争”时，历来视拉丁美洲为自己“后院”、他人不得染指的里根政府宣布保持中立，从而在政治上最大程度地孤立了当时阿根廷的加尔铁里政府。马岛一战，让英国地位迅速提升，国民信心高涨，同时，也让撒切尔夫人与里根的友谊从此根深叶茂。1986年，美国未曾事先告知，就从英国基地出动战机轰炸北非的利比亚，令英国上下哗然。面对各方此起彼伏的质疑声浪，撒切尔只抛出了一句，“盟国就是盟国”，未对美国进行任何质问和攻讦。这两件事例不禁让我疑惑，为何里根和撒切尔能够以如此友好和宽容的心态面对两国的冲突呢？ 另外，还有一件让人难忘的事情，那就是当里根得知自己将不久于人世时，他告知了撒切尔，并让她一定要在葬礼上致悼词。撒切尔听到这一消息十分悲痛，在后来的葬礼上，撒切尔夫人虽身体状况不佳，但仍然坚持履行了对朋友的承诺。我们不知道，在里根的葬礼上，撒切尔夫人是以怎样复杂的心情，面对着灵柩回忆当初共同叱咤风云的伙伴和盟友？而他们的友谊，他们的特殊关系又有什么原因？

我认为，第一个原因是，他们有着极为相似的命运轨迹。首先，他们几乎同时登上政治舞台。撒切尔夫人是从1979-1990年担任英国首相，里根是从1981-1989年任美国总统，两人的执政时间几乎一致。里根入主白宫的8年时间，正好与撒切尔夫人担任11年英国首相的历史轨迹相契合。在同一个时代背景下，他们难免会有“英雄所见略同”、“相见恨晚”的感触，于是便携手叱咤风云，谱写20世纪末历史的华章。同登政坛也许不是最重要的原因，但却是他们关系的基础。其次，他们的晚年也是惊人的相似。1994年11月，离任才5年的里根坦诚地向全世界公布他本人患有早老性痴呆症这一消息。命运弄人，6年后撒切尔夫人也发现记忆力明显衰退，患上老年痴呆症。不知撒切尔夫人在晚年回忆起已故的好友兼盟友里根时，会不会轻轻叹息一声，感慨万千呢？

第二个原因是，里根和撒切尔夫人志同道合，惺惺相惜，共同掌握着着历史的轮舵。首先，他们执政时都面临着令人沮丧的困境。当时美国人没有驱散越南战争的阴影，美国式民主的神话受到了普遍质疑，在战略武器方面与苏联相比美国也已没有优势可言。而英国则是国内经济一片萧条，刚刚经历过危险的接近极度的通货膨胀，被迫退出欧洲货币体系的汇率机制。而与美英相比，苏联正在全世界加紧扩张的步伐。这一连串的事件都使整个西方笼罩在低落的情绪当中，于是恢复公众的自信便成了里根与撒切尔夫人面临的关键问题。

其次，也是最重要的一点，他们的执政理念极为相似，信奉共同的政治哲学。意识形态上，他们都拥有坚定的反共立场，从不放弃打压他们的敌人苏联的任何一个机会，甚至不惜增加军事开支，迫使对手进行军备竞赛，并建立起一个强大的政府来贯彻这一方针。里根与撒切尔夫人携手打造了西方大国的一个强势，将两极格局引向终结，一道改变了20世纪末的历史。在经济上，他们高唱自由市场的论调，减少税收，放松政府管制、减少国家对经济和社会生活的干预，降低公共开支和福利支出、增强企业竞争自由与贸易自由，同时对工会采取强硬政策。我无法想象，如果里根和撒切尔在主要执政理念上截然不同，那么正如古谚所说“道不同不相为谋”，他们的友谊还会像今天一样让人津津乐道吗？

撒切尔夫人曾向记者称，里根总统是她最亲密的政治朋友之一，同时也是她最亲近的私人朋友之一。也许很多人会有疑问，究竟是两人的友谊造就了两国的特殊关系，还是两国的特殊关系成就了两人的友谊？谁又没能说清呢？ 或者是机缘巧合，时代的步履让两人不可避免得与国家命运交织在一起。其实，他们二人的特殊关系某种程度上取决于我们的视角。若把他们看作纯粹的政客，那他们的协作、友好和包容也许只是为了国家利益而走秀场；若 把他们看作有共同追求和信仰的理想者，那他们便是真正惺惺相惜的知己和难得的英雄。你又是怎样看待的呢？

然而，不管我们怎样看待里根和撒切尔夫人的这段友谊，有一点是毋庸置疑的：他们是伟大的政客，同时也是亲近的盟友，他们改变了20世纪末甚至是今天的的历史轨迹，同时他们也成为了历史的一部分，长驻世人心。