第一篇：大学英语口语材料

赶时髦(go after fashion)

A: Fashion show is around the corner, I’m so excited!时装表演即将来临，我很兴奋！

B: Are there any good!这有什么好的！

A: I didn't see anything wrong with the clothes;they looked pretty nice to me.I think you don’t like it!Why?我没看出衣服有任何问题；在我看来它们都很不错。我觉得你不喜欢！为什么？

B: It was dumb.I think it's stupid for women to wear clothes like that.这是愚蠢的。我认为女人们穿成那样是很愚蠢的。

A: The benevolent see benevolence and the wise see wisdom.仁者见仁，智者见智。

B: Do you really think people can wear that stuff and walk around the streets? 你真的认为人们可以穿那种东西走在街上？

A: Yes, I do.At least, some people certainly can.They wear high-fashion clothes to show off their sense of style and wealth.是的，我这样认为。至少，有人一定会。他们穿着时尚的衣服展示他们的时尚感和财富。

B: Well.I still think they're dumb.It makes more sense to spend the money on more practical purposes.我仍然认为他们是愚蠢的。把更多的钱花在更有意义的地方比较实际。

A: So you think it's bad if I wear it?所以你认为我穿成这样很不好吗？ B: If you wear it I must speak nice!如果你穿成这样我一定说它很好看！A: I know you will say that.我就知道你会这样说。B: Only you know me!知我者非你莫属！2 食品安全(food security)A :the problems of domestic food safety are appearing constantly,And have your heard problem of oranges？ 国内食品安全问题不断显现，你听说过问题橘子吗？

B:Really?真的？

A:There are fresh citrus maggots.County on a buried 2500 kilos, and several provinces nationwide have.有新鲜的柑橘生了蛆虫。县里埋了2500公斤，全国好几个省都有这种状况。

B: How terrible.Now the domestic food security is really bad.多么可怕。现在国内食品安全是非常糟糕的。

A: U.S.do better in this piont.在这一点上美国做的更好。

B:Ah, which the United States did manage very well.What is their experience? 啊，美国确实做的很好。他们有什么经验？ A: the right OF FDA in the United States is power,and Very strict law enforcement.在美国，食品药物管理局的权利非常大，而且执法非常严格。

B:is there more success experience?有更多的成功经验吗？

A:It's a fairly standard market, no hawker stalls and food in the supermarket, food into the supermarket to go through inspection, so the food will not get home as domestic so fresh.要有一个相当标准的市场，没有小贩的摊档和食品在超市，食品经过超市的检查，这样只要食物不是很新鲜就不会被带回家

B：How should people buy safe food?你认为人们该如何购买安全食品？

A：When we choose food, we must remember to check its tag, confirming whether the basic information is marked on it, including ingredients, producer, shelf life and particularly date of manufacture.选择食品时，我们一定要记住查看标签，确认上面是否标注基本信息，包括配料、生产厂家、保质期，尤其是生产日期。

B：Why does food contamination occur frequently these days?为什么食品污染问题现在频繁发生？

A：Because the food manufactures are so obsessed with making money that they lose the business ethics.They no longer take food safety as their priority.因为食品生产者惟利是图，丧失了商业道德。他们不再把食品安全当作首要问题。饮食与健康（food and healthy）

A：Health is very important for our body.And healthy foods plays a very important role in it.So,what do you think is a healthy diet?健康对于我们的身体是十分重要的。而且健康的食物在这里扮演了一个十分重要的角色。所以，你认为什么是健康的饮食？

B：A healthy diet should contain all the essential nutrients.健康的饮食应包含所有必需的营养物质。

A：How could people eliminate food contamination nowadays?现在人们怎样才能杜绝食品污染事件？

B：The government should set strict rules and regulations to standardize the production of food and punish severely those violators.政府应制定严格的规章制度来规范食品生产，并且严惩违法者。

A：Why does food contamination occur frequently these days?为什么食品污染问题现在频繁发生？ B：Because the food manufactures are so obsessed with making money that they lose the business ethics.They no longer take food safety as their priority.因为食品生产者惟利是图，丧失了商业道德。他们不再把食品安全当作首要问题。

A：Why do many people suffer from heart disease recently?最近为什么很多人患上了心脏病？

B：I suppose it is because the improved living conditions provide people with more refined grain and meat.Consequently, people have an excessive amount of fat which leads to heart disease.我认为这是由于生活条件改善，人们有了更多细粮和肉类。结果就摄入了过量的脂肪，从而引起了心脏病。

A：What’s your eating habit?你有什么饮食习惯？

B：I have a balanced diet and I always have meals in a regular way.我饮食均衡，而且吃饭有规律。

A：How do you keep fit?你怎样保持健康？

B：I am not particular about food and I often do exercise as long as I have free time.我不挑食，而且一有时间就会运动。

A：Do you have fast food very often?你经常吃快餐吗？

B：No, I seldom eat fast food because it’s rich in fat.And I want to keep a slender shape.不，我几乎不吃快餐，因为它含有很多脂肪。而我想保持苗条的体形。

A：What are the advantages of transgenic food?转基因食品有什么优点？ B：Transgenic technology can increase the yield of the crops and give the crops such attributes as insect-resistance or drought-resistance.转基因技术可以提高农作物的产量，使它们具有抗病虫、耐干旱等特性。

A：What do you think of instant noodles? 你认为方便面怎么样？

B：On the one hand, it is easy to prepare and thus brings convenience to our busy life.On the other hand, it is harmful to our health since it contains preservatives.一方面，方便面易于准备，因此给我们忙碌的生活带来了便利。另一方面，由于它含有防腐剂，所以对健康有害。金融危机（financial）

A:We all know that in the past couple of years ,the financial crisis attracted the worldwide attention, for it's the worse economic recession since the Great Depression in the 1930s and no country is spared from the current crisis, it had more severe effects on the developed countries.我们都知道，在过去的几年中，金融危机引起了全世界的关注，自30年代大萧条起，经济衰退得越来越糟糕，并且没有一个国家能免于当前的危机，它已经严重影响的发达国家。B:I believe that it's a nature link of the ecnomic cycle.There is no reason doubt that ,after the recession , recovery and prosperity would come follow, and then it enter into another cycle.我相信，这是一个自然连接的经济周期。没有任何理由怀疑，衰退之后，恢复和繁荣会跟随，再进入另一个周期。

A:As the saying goes :“ Every coin has its two side.”Somebody went bankrupt in this financial turmoil, while some other people take the chance.For instance my cousin take the opportunity bought a suite room with a rather cheap price.常言道：“每个硬币都有两面。”在这场金融风暴的打击中，有人破产了，而其他一些人却抓住了机会。比如我的表弟趁机以一个相当低廉的价格买了一套房。

B:Of course, the government would take some effect measure to mitigate the impact of the current global economic and financial crisis rather than leave it rot.当然，政府会采取一些有效措施来减轻目前的全球经济和金融危机的影响而不让它腐烂。

A：I know.It advise the American change the way of life.我知道，它建议美国改变生活方式。

B：Do you think what caused te financial crisis?你认为是什么造成了经济危机？ A：I think we can sum up the cause of our current economic crisis in one word — GREED.我想我们可以总结我们目前的经济危机的原因是一个词——贪婪。

B：What impact it will have in China.对中国会有什么影响吗？

A：The international financial crisis is becoming more and more worse, the impact on the Chinese economy is also further expansion, it even extended into every aspect of society.For example, manufacturing, energy, food, IT„ and so on..国际金融危机变得越来越糟，对中国经济的影响也进一步扩大，甚至扩展到社会的各个方面。例如，制造业，能源，食品，它„„等等。互联网的利与弊（advantages and disadvantages of internet）

A:With the development of computer technology, the Internet has become more and more popular.随着计算机技术的发展，互联网越来越受欢迎。

B:Yeah, but do you think students should surf the internet after class.?是啊，但是你认为学生在放学后应该去上网吗？

A:Yes,I do.I regard it as a great helper.是的，我这么认为。我认为网络是一个好帮手。

B:Oh?Why?哦？为什么？

A:For example, you can surf the Internet for any information you need in a short time without working hard in the library.比如说，网络上你可以在很短的时间内找到任何你想要的信息，而不需要在图书管理辛苦的去查找。B:oh,it sounds so convenient.哦，那样听起来很方便。

A:Yeah,it is convenient to communicate with others by using the Internet.是的，用互联网来和别人传递信息是很方便的。

B: However, many people think that there are many disadvantages of the Internet, because there is also some information that is not good for the students.但是，不少人认为互联网也有很多缺点，因为这里也有许多对学生来说不健康的信息。

A: That’s also true.Well, it will not only have a bad effect on study but also do harm to our health if we spend too much time to play games on line.那倒也是，而且如果花费太多的时间在网络游戏上不仅会对我们的学习造成不良的影响，而且也不利于我们的健康。

B: What do you think we should do?那你认为我们该怎么做？

A: We should make proper use of the Internet.It is of great importance for us to separate good plants from wild weeds.我们应该合理使用网络，学会分辨好与坏的能力对我们来说是很重要的。

第二篇：大学英语口语

1.What is addiction? What are the things people can easily get addicted to? An addiction is the condition of being dependent on a drug, or the crave 渴望，乞求

to do something because one cannot stop doing it.One can be addicted to cigarette smoking, drugs and the Internet.2.Why do you think some people, especially young people, take drugs? Some people take drugs to feel good.Others take drugs to temporarily forget their problems.And still some others take drugs to reduce stress.Young people may try drugs out of curiosity, or may be tempted to take drugs because of peer pressure.3.Why is drug abuse such a threat to our society?What can we do to prevent or reduce drug abuse? Drug abuse harms not just the abusers, but also their loved ones, their family and society at large.A drug addict will resort to crime and violence or any means to get money to buy drugs.The behavior will be a threat to our society.Punishment alone is not an effective way to help drug users quit drugs or stop drug users from committing crimes.In order to prevent drug abuse, we can launch drug education programs to teach young people about the risks involved, toughen laws to prevent drug offenses, and make greater efforts to crack down on drug trafficking 交通来往.毒品交易

1.What do you think are the causes of war? War breaks out because of religious conflicts,economic disputes.Throughout the history, most wars have been waged to protect the economic interests of superpower.2.Consequences(结果，推论)of War/What damage does war do to mankind? War is a human tragedy.Millions of people die and families fall apart as a result of war.For example, in peace-time sons bury fathers, but war violates the order of nature and fathers bury sons.On the other hand, war is costly in money, resources and human lives.What is worse, disputes often persist after wars.3.What is your favorite book or movie about war?How dose it affect you and your attitude toward war? My favorite movie about war is赤壁,from the movie I know that if a country is attacked,it has the right to fight.What’s more,to prepare for war is one of the best ways to preserve peace.1.What does aging mean?How old are people considered elderly? Aging is the natural process of growing old.It refers to a decline in all areas of a person’s mental and physical abilities.People over 65 years old are generally considered elderly or senior citizens.2.How should we treat old people? Old people are an asset of society.They are more experienced and responsible.But Old age is often accompanied by various kinds of illnesses such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, etc.A typical sign of aging is forgetful-ness.So We should treat old people with respect, affection, patience, and kindness , take good care of them, especially when they are sick.3.What problems may people have as they grow old? Many elderly people suffer from varying degrees of memory loss.A typical sign of aging is forgetfulness, decline in vision and hearing and weakening of muscle strength.1.Why do some young people pick up smoking? Some young people may have picked up smoking out of curiosity.And some young people may have picked up smoking because they thought it was cool.2.How harmful is smoking to smokers? Smoking is harmful to one’s health.For example,smoking is known as a fatal cause of lung cancer.Smoking is also found to be related to other types of cancer.3.In what places has smoking already been banned? Are you in favor of this policy or not? Why? I think all public places should at least partially ban smoking.Besides,all public places should create a smoke-free area for non-smokers.4.What troubles can a smoker have if he works in a non-smoking environment? Once you become addicted to smoking, it will be hard to quit the habit.Whether a smoker can give up smoking or not depends on his will, his determination and the support of his friends and family.5.Is smoking also harmful to nonsmokers? In what way? Smoking is dangerous not only to the smokers themselves but also to the nonsmokers around them.Passive smoking can also cause lung cancer.1.What is the general attitude toward wealth in our society? Modern life is built around money.Money, whatever form it takes, is essential for buying goods and services.In a commercialized society, money ranks very high in people's value system.2.Do you think money can bring happiness? Why or why not? Money does not necessarily bring us happiness.It brings you medicine, but not health.Happiness does not depend on the amount of money you have.A happy man is one who is content, whether he is rich or poor.3.How is life different for the rich as compared with the not-so-rich? For the rich,good education,travel,luxury and security are all readily available.While the poor attain these with great difficulty,if at all.4.Do you think wealth is a source of happiness or a source of problem.For me,wealth is a source of happuness.As is known to all,modern life is built around money.Whatever form it takes, is essential for buying goods and services.1.What is memory? Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use.2.What techniques do you use to help you remember things? Whether you can remember things well or not depends on the way you try to remember them.Don't try to memorize all the facts, but focus your attention on what you consider more important.It is impossible to concentrate if you are tense or nervous.Try to relax and you'll remember things.3.How can we improve our memory?

Memory is like a muscle---the more it is used, the better it gets.So if we want to improve our memory,try to use our memory to the utmost.Learning new skills could stimulate our brain.1.What is the purpose of an oral presentation?

Our performance in oral presentations will form an important part of the overall assessment of our work.We are often expected to give oral presentations to our classmates and teachers.2.How can we make our presentations more effective?

In giving an oral presentation, we should not only organize information and ideas coherently but also deliver the speech in a clear and vivid way.Using charts, photos and computer graphics can help us to get our message across.3.What is OHP and what are its functions?

The OHP is a device which projects enlarged images from transparencies onto a screen or a white wall.Using an overhead projector enables the audience to see the charts, diagrams and photos clearly.Using an overhead projector enables the audience to follow a presentation more easily.1)In what sense do you think we can regard the world we live in as One World? The world in which we live gives birth to the human race and nurtures the human race.Besides,Contacts between cultures promote understanding among peoples of the world.What’s more,With the rapid development of transportation means and the information technology the world is getting smaller and smaller.So we can say that........2)Do you think people in the world are largely similar? Why or why not? All human beings have the need to eat, to have shelter, and to work.They also need to love others and be loved.We, people of the world, are one big family, for together we exist, and together we try to make the world better for all.Although people in different countries have different traditions, they all seem to celebrate certain days such as New Year’s Day, Mother’s Day, Children’s Day, etc.3)What are the traditions of birthday celebrations in some Western countries? How do they differ from the Chinese ones? Cakes, lights, and candles are often associated with the celebration of a person’s birthday in many Western countries.In China, special noodles are served for lunch in honor of the birthday person.The noodles are extra long to symbolize longevity or a long life.1.What do cultural differences mean? People from different countries speak different languages, keep different value systems, and have different ways of looking at things.These differences are generally called cultural differences.3.What problems may be caused by our failure to recognize cultural differences? Failure to recognize cultural differences may cause many problems.On the one hand, those who are uninformed about cultural differences may have difficulty communicating with their business associates from other cultures.On the other hand, inability to recognize cultural differences can make mutual understanding difficult.A certain amount of small talk about the weather, family, and personal hobbies is expected before getting down to business with your foreign associates.4.How can we deal with cultural differences? There are many ways to deal with cultural differences.For example,we can avoid unintentionally offending others by learning the basic characteristics of other cultures.For instance, we may ask our foreign friends about their everyday customs or take time to explain certain common customs of our own culture to them.1.What kind of friends do you think are true/good friends? A good friend is a real friend, and a real friend is a friend for life.A friend is, as it were, a second self.First, a friend is one whom you can count on, trust and talk to.Second, a friend is someone who will listen to you when you talk about your problems or before whom you may think aloud.What is more, a friend is a person who will help you if you are in trouble.Just as the saying goes: A friend in need is a friend indeed.2.How do you make friends? We should make friends with those who are kind-hearted, compassionate, caring, honest and thoughtful, because they are sincere and reliable.So don’t try to win a friend with gifts only.The only way to have a friend is to be one.3.What is true friendship? Friendship involves affection and intimacy.Friendship is based on warmth, trust and shared experience.True friendship is a plant of slow growth, the value of which can stand the test of time.True friendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it is lost.4.How valuable is friendship in a person’s life? Life without friends is like life on a desert island, and life without friendship is not worth living.Sharing joy and sorrow is the way to show your deep friendship.If you tell your joy to your friend, your joy will double.And if you pour your sorrow to your friend, your sorrow will be reduced by half.5.How can we keep friendship alive? Sharing your joy and sorrow with your friends can nurture friendship and keep friendship alive;keeping your friends informed about yourself can improve friendship, and make friendship permanent;remembering important days in your friends’ lives can promote friendship and keep friendship fresh in our minds.

第三篇：大学英语口语

我认为理想的生活应该是快乐而且衣食无忧，每天都过得充实而且快乐，不用担心衣食住行，能够做自己想做的事和喜欢做的事，创造属于自己的人生价值。

I think the ideal life should be happy and comfortable, had a full and happy every day, don't have to worry about food and clothing live line, to do what you want to do and do, create their own value of life.例如，可以抽出时间看自己想看的书，见自己相见的人和去自己想去的地方。

For example, you can take time out to see oneself want to see of book, saw that they meet each other and to the places they want to go.工作对于一个人非常重要，因为工作是一个人实现价值和满足基本需求的需要。

Work is important for a person, because the work is a person value and meet the needs of the basic requirements.对于处理工作与休闲的关系，我认为工作时应该认真工作，提高工作效率，休闲时应该尽情享受，体验生活的乐趣。

To deal with the relationship between work and leisure, I think work should work in earnest, improve work efficiency, should enjoy leisure, experience the fun of life.白领应该是受过高等教育，工作能力强，衣食无忧的人，不喜欢，因为白领的生活方式不健康，比如：吃饭很快，不吃早餐，过度饮用咖啡

White-collar workers should be trained in higher education, work ability, desultory person, don't like it, because of the white-collar lifestyle is not healthy, such as: eat quickly, don't eat breakfast, excessive drinking coffee

第四篇：大学英语口语对话

A、巧玲：hello。Let’talk about the Telephone today.We know The telephone is one of the most welcome and useful inventions.No wonder more

and more families have got to use their own telephones today.电话是目前最受欢迎和最有用的发明之一，怪不得越来越多的人已经使用了自己的电话。

The telephone makes things easy in many ways.Especially, after the mobile telephone

appears, communication becomes easier and rapider.电话在许多方面使事情变得简单，尤

其是在移动电话出现以后，通讯变得更加快捷方便。

小慧，can you talk something about telephone?

B 小慧：YES,To students and people going out for business far away from their homes,the telephone can shorten the distance between them and their families.Thus they will get

comfort whenever they are homesick or they run into trouble.With the help of the telephone,people can keep in touch with anyone at any time and in any place for urgent help.、After all,there is this constant reminder of how he brought the human family into closer touch.毕竟有了这

样一件物品，它经常提醒人们，人类大家庭彼此得以保持更密切的联系。

B 小慧：But I don’ know the Telephone audio principles 但是我不知道 电话的传声原理

C 美容：Each phone is attached wires, an attached microphone, an earpiece

attached，Our voice into the telephone lines to carry current to the other

side of the handset, he heard our voices ；The other spoke, the sound of the

telephone line into a current spread of our handset，We heard his voice.每个电话都连着两根线，一头连着话筒，一头连着听筒，我们说话的声音变成电流通过电

话线传送到对方的听筒，他就听到我们的声音；对方说话的时候，声音也变成电流通过电话

线传到我们的听筒，我们就听到他的声音。With the development of societyTransistors replaced the old vacuum tubes ,and by the 1960s communications satellites eliminated

the necessity of landlines.Today, bundles of glass fibers carry calls on laser beams of light.随着社会的发展晶体管取代了真空管，到了60年代，通信卫星又消除了对地面线路的需要。

今天，一束束的玻璃纤维用激光传递人们彼此间的通话。

美容问：You all get the你们都明白了吧~？我们集体回答“是yes，ok”

A 巧玲：慧敏，Do you know the history of the telephone?

D 慧敏：Yes ,第一部电话的诞生It's the birth of the first telephone in theJune 2, 1875

telephone was born, Alexander by the Americans.Graham.Bell invented the telephone

1875年6月2日电话诞生,是由美国人亚历山大.格雷厄姆.贝尔发明的电话.The first voice to travel over a wire was even a surprise for its inventor.Alexander Graham

Bell.He was experimenting in his laboratory late one night, and quite by accident he

succeeded in transmitting a message to his assistant in the next room.What Mr.Bell could

not know at the time was that that night in 1875 would mark the start of a revolution in

communications.下面我们看一个视频了解详细的历史吧~please look at theVideo.（放完后

~ B 小慧：下面由来我介绍电话种类型有哪些~ The following types of origin of

introduced me to call what ~

Our study should end here我们的学习就到这里吧~ Thank you谢谢大家

第五篇：大学英语口语教学浅析

创先职称论文发表网

大学英语口语教学浅析

摘要：在英语教学中，由于多种因素的共同影响，学生的实际应用能力一直难以提高。本文分析了影响学生口语能力的因素．围绕诺言学家Littlewood将交际能力所概括的四个方面，提出培养学生交际能力的途径。

关键词：口语；输入；跨文化；教学途径

普通语言学认为语言是有声的，任何有声语言总是以口语为第一性，书面语是口语的文字记录，是第二性的，在语言的发展过程中口语始终处于首位。社会语言学认为，交际功能是语言的本质功能，语言是一种交际工具。交际能力不仅包括对一种语言的语言形式的理解和掌握，而且还包括对在何时何地、以什么方式对谁使用恰当语言形式进行交际的知识体系的理解和掌握。交际能力是一个复杂的概念，涉及语言、修辞、社会、文化、心理等多种因素，包括一个人运用语言手段(口头语或书面语)和副语言手段来达到某一特定交际目的的能力。语言学家Littlewood将交际能力概括成四点：①掌握语言知识，并能运用语言清楚地表达思想;②不仅掌握语言知识，还了解这些语言知识在交际中的作用；②学习者在使用语言时应考虑自己的社会地位及社会语境．并能从听者的反应中判断出所用语言是否恰当；④学习者必须了解语言的社会含义，能使用本族人普遍接受的语言。语言教学应该以教学生如何使用这种交际工具为主。语言知识的学习是为了更好地使用语言工具，发挥其交际功能服务的。英语口语教学应该围绕交际能力包含的内容，着重培养学生运用英语进行口头交际的能力。

一、影响学生口语能力的主要因素

以学生进入初中阶段开始学英语算起，进入大学之前，每个人接触英语的时间平均6—7年。初中3年加高中3年，英语学习往往花费上千学时，然而培养出来的学生只能背出一系列语法条条，却连最简单的常用语也听不借或说不出，英语听说能力严重不足。究其原因、我认为有以下几点。

(1)长期以来，英语教学一直走“语法翻译教学法”的路子。传统的英语课堂上教师采用“讲解一翻译一朗读—做题”的教学模式，语法知识被视为教学核心，教学以讲解词汇、语法和分析课文中的语言点为主，把语言作为理论知识来教，忽视了语言的交际功能。教学中以教师为中心，忽略了学生的主体因素。教师在课堂上就知识讲知识，学生被动机械地背诵模仿。久而久之，学生感到乏味。大多数学生语音不过关．他们付出了努力，所学得的却是“聋哑英语”，导致大部分学生知难而退，放弃英语学习。

(2)应试教育的观念根深蒂固，中考和高考乃至四级、六级考试试题都比较重视语法和书面知识。尽管这些年越来越多的教师认识到这一不足，将听力增设为考试内容。但内于实际操作难度较大，口语考试一直被排除在外，只有极少数四级、六级成绩优秀的学生才有机会参加。在这种情况下．教师不得不采用传统的模式，“肢解”课文．做句子的分析和翻译、词汇的讲解和练习，重视语言知识的学习，却忽视了学生运用语言能力的培养。

近年来，各种新兴的教学理论层出不穷，高校英语教师在这方圆也进行了积极的探索，但由于教学时数、教材使用、教学条件和设备及班级学小数量等因素的影响，成效并不显著。

二、口语教学中培养学生交际能力的途径

（一）加强阅读听力训练，增加语言输入与储备

众所周知，语言输入是语言输出和完成交际的必备条件。读与听是语言、知识、信息获取的重要手段．也是开口说话的第一步。大量的阅读与听力练习是学生获得语感以及学会正确表达自己思维的基本途径。读与听的过程不仅是一个接收的过程而且还是一个建立的过程。这个过程的第一阶段被称为感觉阶段。在这个阶段，学习者得到的仅仅是一个肤浅的印象，这基本上是一个被动和接收的阶段：第二阶段被称为识别阶段。这一阶段中学习者把所接收的信息加以识别，把已经识别的与正在识别的联系起来。这个识别过程是积极的、细致的。第三阶段为领悟和建立阶段。学习者通过认知系统重复一遍所接触到的材料，而且不时地把已经理解的东西与新学到的加以对照和修正，并以一种比较容易保留的形式被存入记亿里。这样，理解了的材料得到了改变，被保留下来的是语义信息。有了语义信息，人们再寻求表达形式*从这个过程，我们可以得出结论：学习者学说英语必须从听和读开始，开口说话，表达思想，进行语言交际便成了大量听和读的必然结果。学习者由于接触材料的深度与广度不同，口头交际能力差异很大。那些听得多、理解得多、读得广的学习者，口头交际能力就强；而那些听得少、读得不透彻的学习者，在表达时就会感到无话可说，或者不知如何说，口头交际能力自然就差。

(二)培养用英语思维的习惯，充实跨文化知识

用英语思维是指排除本族语的干扰，用英语直接理解、判断和表达。口语教学的日的在于培养学生的口头交际能力，学生应养成良好的口头交际的习惯，做到语言清晰、流畅、准确。培养学生用英语思维的习惯，加强英语思维能力训练是培养学生用英语表达思想能力的重要手段和途径。由于缺乏有效的语言输入，大多数学习者在表达前，把语义信息，即他想说的．在脑子里下意识地寻求母语的表达式，然后再把它译成英语。这种做法不可避免地会导致母语的干扰。这样借助于母语表达出来的东两多数是不地道的，运用这种方式与人交际经常会导致交际出现障碍甚至失败。在英语口语教学中应该让学生听地道的英语，培养他们边听边直接用英语把听到而且理解了的东西储存在记忆里的习惯，以及培养他们克服母语干扰直接用英语表达的良好习惯。学生通过一系列主动、积极的思维活动，理解和表达思想，接受和输出信息。正是在这种积极的思维和表达过程中，学生：才能获得真正的英语口头交际能力。

英语学习者在与英语本族人进行实际交往中，很容易将自己的母语使用习惯带人跨文化交际，从而引起误会，导致交流出现障碍甚至失败。由于母语文化因素的干扰，而说出不得体的英语的现象非常普遍。我们都知道，语言交流所涉及的不仅仅是一系列的语法规则及词条，而且还涉及语言使用的社会文化及风俗习惯。一句完全符合语法规则的话，用在不恰当的场合，说得不合说话人的身份，或者违反当地的社会风俗习惯，就达不到交际的日的。所以，在英语口语教学中，应该比较系统地将目的语的文化知识的传授融入教学中，使英语口语教学与文化教学相结合。在口语教学的初级阶段，教师应着重交际文化的导入，内容包括介绍日常生活交往方面英汉主流文化的差异，以及在语言形式和运用中的具体表现，打招呼和告别、各种称呼、祝贺和赞扬以及其他社交礼节等的差异介绍属于此类。介绍由于文化差异引起的英汉词语、成语、谚语和格言的意义及运用方面的差异，介绍英汉语言在比喻和联想运用上的差异以及英汉语言中典故、委婉语和禁忌语运用方面的差异等。学生通过这些差异的学习，就能理解各种英语表达法所涉及的文化内涵。在口语教学的高级阶段则着重导人知识文化，从中西文化差异的深层人手，介绍中西方思维方式、价值观念、认知行为、交际关系以及言语表达方式等方面的差异。学生通过中西文化此类差异的学习，就增强了文化差异意识，了解了西方的人际关系及交往的深层次模式，从而学会得体地进行交际。

（三）加强师生互动，趣化口语课堂

外语口语能力并非与生俱来，也很难在教学过程中立竿见影，它需要一系列的输入、模仿、分析等各方面的习得之后而取得。因此，口语课堂的每个环节、每个活动都必须有意义、有趣味，从而使学生集中于教学的内容而非形式上。教学内容必须难度适中。在具体的操作中，则宜遵循先模仿后应用、先机械后活用、先语言后交际的总原则来安排和开展，即呈现、机械性操练、有意义操练到交际性练习。

在教学的第一个阶段，教师可将与实际生活密切相关的语言资料或信息材料发给学生．并附上相关的词汇、句型及对话，让学生在对这些词汇和句型认知的基础上，先模仿其中的对话，再分组讨论，从中学习和掌握一些英语最基本的句型和习语、惯用语，要熟练到脱口而出的程度。掌握一些公式化的套语、记住许多现成的口头话语，对能编制出创造性的言语、弥补第二语言规则的不足以及摆脱交际困境都是必要的。由于这些交际性的内容难度适巾，又与学生的实际生活密切相关，为学生提供了很有价值的语言材料和语言信息，触发他们积极地投入学习的热情。

第二阶段的训练目标主要是培养学生连贯说话的能力。教学内容可包括爱情友谊、公共道德、人际关系、个性特点、生活习惯、趣味爱好、生活经历、体育运动、勤工俭学、学习方法、健康减肥等。在训练过程中，坚持采用“师生合作”、“小组合作”的教法和学法，充分体现教学民主，发挥“教与学”两个积极件，让学习主体更有发挥和展现才华的活动空间，具体做法是：让学生三至四人一小组进行分组讨论或说话演练，并以小组总体成绩作为评价和奖赏的依据；小组活动前，先指定“话题”，明确要求，让学生的讨论和“说话”能围绕“话题”，且有所侧重；在讨论中可以随时提问，问同学、问老师，随时把不懂的东西弄懂。这样，教师成为教学过程中的指导者、参与者和合作者，从中发挥主导作用，学生成为课堂学习的主人。计学习活动在教与学互动、学与练协调、资源共享、分工合作、互教互学、取长补短、教学相长的课堂氛围中体验学习的成功和语言实践活动的无限乐趣。这种“合作型”的教法和学法让每个学生以平等的身份互相切磋、合作学习、个体竞争，为互学互帮的合作学习活动。

第三阶段亦可称为创造性阶段。通过初级、中级阶段的学习，学生已有了用英语进行口头交际的强烈欲望，掌握了基本的英语口头交际的技巧，又具备了连贯说话的能力，这就为学生自由运用语言以及创造性使用语言打下了基础。高级阶段的教学内容可扩展到对各种问题及现象的讨论与辩论，比如孩子的教育、青年人的思想、妇女的社会地位、老年人问题、种族歧视、广告的优劣、电视中的暴力、代沟问题、浪费问题、人口问题、环境污染问题、住房问题、工作的意义等，教学方式主要采用辩论、演讲、小组讨论、总结发言等。通过这三个阶段的学习，学生就能逐渐地做到运用英语清楚地自由地表达自己的思想感情、意志以及观点，也就具备了比较强的英语口头交际能力。

三、结语

2l世纪，全球已经内产业经济时代步入到知识经济时代，具有创新意识和开拓能力的人才将具有特殊的价值。这种格局对我国的现行的人才培养模式和方向提出了重大的挑战，教育改革势在必行。外语专业人才的培养也要面向世界．重在交流和应用能力的培养。202_年教育部颁发的《大学英语课程教学要求(试行)》(教高字[202_]1号)中明确指出：“大学英语的教学目标是培养学生英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力，使他们在今后工作和社会交

往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流，同时增强其自主学习能力、提高综合文化素养，以适应我同经济发展和国际交流的需要。”这就为我们明确了外语教学改革的方向。灵活运用现代化的教学方法，结合本地区、本校的教学实际，有效地提高学生的交际能力是摆在每位教师面前的重要任务。总之，提高英语口语是一项系统工程，如何兼收并蓄、博采众长、因地制宜地制定出灵活有效的教学策略仍然值得广泛的探索与研究。

参考文献

[1]Larry A Samovar.Communication between Cultures [M].Beijing,China:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,202_.