第一篇:关于科技的英语作文
As the modern technology develops,our life is becoming more and more convenient.However,with the demand of all kind of nature resources,pollution is becoming more serious.Unluckily,this problem is linked to our modern technology.There is no denying that technology bring comfortable living condition to humam.We can drive to work rather on foot,and we can surf the internet,use our phones and buy anything with debit card.All kind of department is blinding in the word.In ancient time,it’s impossible for us to do these,but now we can do it,because our wisdom make a difference.On other hand,many habitats has been destroyed become human being has being becoming more powerful with their new tools,while other animals can do nothing to stop them.What’s worse,if human apply nuclear weapon to defense themselves,it may lead to a destructive effect.In a word,modern technology can not only make our life more beautiful but also destroy our life.And it depend on how we use technology.
第二篇:英语作文科技
High-tech and life
Nowadays, kinds of new technology are being discovered and produced.And all these technologies apply to various aspects such as agricultural, industrial, military, school, daily life and the rest.With so many high technologies, what has changed in our life? And how the high-tech influence the world?
Hybrid rice is a good example of the high-tech on the agricultural.In the past, there are many people starved to death.However, Yuan Longping who dedicated all his time to cultivate the hybrid rice to save the hanger of the world..High technology is as well as important to military.Atomic, bomb, h-bomb, aircraft are the best representative.Delays are dangerous.If a country want to be strong, it’s required powerful military strength.Then no country dare to encroach upon you easily.But, every coins has two sides.Even though high military is benefit to the country, what’s worried about is that some people, some country would abuse these high-tech products just like the World War Ⅱ.Thus people and counties are supposed to adopt the right attitude to the high-tech.Though high-tech is so benefit to our life ,it’s anticipated to be mastered by kind people rather than the devil.High-tech can make or break our life.With the proper purpose, it’ll serves you, otherwise, it’ll kill you.
第三篇:科技英语
Unit 1
II.Word and Phrase Translation
A.1)互赢博弈和互败博弈
2)连续策略博弈
3)联立策略博弈
4)直线推理
5)循环推理
6)纳什均衡
7)支配性策略
8)最优化结果
9)合作破裂
10)边缘化策略
B.1)pure conflict
2)competition and cooperation
3)strategic interdependence
4)prisoners’ dilemma
5)long-run loss
6)tit-for-tat strategy
7)mixing one’s moves
8)hit a passing shot cross-court or down the line
9)monopoly market
10)equilibrium shares
III.Sentence Translation:
A.Translate the following English sentences into Chinese:(Pay attention to the underlined part)
1.博弈的实质是博弈者采取策略之间的相互依赖性。这种策略性的相互依赖表现为两个不同的类别:连续策略之间的相互作用以及联立策略之间的相互作用。
2.当我们把博弈的结果表述为一种均衡的时候,并不是基于以下的假设:即博弈的每个参与者的个人最佳策略将会带来共同的最优化结果。
3.在一些博弈的冲突中,任何条理化和计划性的行为都会被对手发现并加以利用。因此,通过采用组合性策略使对手迷惑就显的非常重要。我们在体育运动中可以发现典型的例子---比如足球比赛时特定情况下选择跑位或传球,网球比赛击球时选择斜线球或底线球。
4.边缘政策 “是一种故意使局势变的有些无法控制的策略,正是这种无法控制性可能会使另一方无法接受而选择妥协。”
5.当博弈的一方了解其他人所不掌握的信息时,他会急于隐瞒这一信息(比如牌局中所拿到的牌),在其他一些情况下,他还会想令人信服的公开某些信息(比如某一公司对质量的承诺)。在这两种情况下,行胜于言是博弈者遵循的基本原则。
Para1 博弈是有关策略的科学。它试图以数学和逻辑的方法来帮助博弈者作出决策,在一系列纷繁复杂的博弈中应采取何种策略来保证自己获得最大利益。博弈论研究的博弈的范围包括了从下棋到抚育儿童,从网球竞技到公司转手。但是所有的博弈都具有一个共同的特征:相互作用。也就是说,每一个博弈者的博弈结果取决于所有博弈参与者的策略选择。在零和博弈中,博弈者的利益之间是完全冲突的,因此一方的得利必然导致另一方的损失。更多具有代表性的例子还有会导致共同得利(正和)博弈和共同损失(负和)博弈,同样的情况还会发生在另外一些冲突中。
Para2博弈论研究的先驱者是普林斯顿数学家约翰•冯•诺依曼。在早先的一段时间里,研究的重点被放在了完全冲突(零和)博弈(非合作博弈)上,其他的博弈当时被认为是以合作形式出现。也就是说,博弈要求参与者共同地选择和实施他们的行为.最近的研究则把重点放在了那些既不属于零和博弈也不属于绝对合作博弈的情况上,在这些博弈中,博弈者自主地选择博弈行为,但他们之间的相互关系中充满了合作与竞争。
Para7与连续策略博弈的线形思维不同的是,采取共发性策略的博弈要求逻辑思维。在忽略其他参与者当前策略的情况下,尽管博弈者们同时采取行动,每一个参与者必须清楚的意识同时还会有其他的参与者在依次关注整个博弈过程。这时的思维模式可描述为:我想他认为我会这样考虑„。因此,博弈者必须从全体博弈者的立场出发并努力判断出最终的博弈结果。每个参与者的个人最佳行为都是全局谋划中不可或缺的一部分。
Para8运用普林斯顿数学家约翰•纳什提出的均衡概念,可以推导出这种逻辑思维的结论。我们寻求一系列的策略组合,每个博弈者都会有自己的选择,当所有的对手们在实施他们决定的最佳策略时,我们所做的选择应该对自己是最有利的。换句话说,每个博弈者都会对其他人的策略作出最优化的应对。
Para9有时, 无论其他博弈者如何行动,博弈的一方的最佳策略组合始终如一,这被称作这一博弈者的优策略。在其他情况下,如果博弈者的策略始终于己不利,则被称作劣策略,其含义是指无论其他博弈者如何行动,对手的策略总是优于自己。因此,谋求策略均衡应该从寻找优策略和消除劣策略开始。
Para15战略性行动。博弈者可以通过运用威吓和许诺来改变其他对手对其行动的预测,从而诱使他们采取对其有利的行为或改变他们对己不利的行为。为了取得成功,威吓和许诺必须是可信的。这往往会导致出现一些问题,原因就在于当需要采取以上策略时,通常实施威吓和许诺而获益往往会付出较大的代价。博弈论研究几种提高可信度的方法,一个基本的原则就是威吓和许诺要在符合博弈者利益的前提下减少自身未来行动的自由度。通过这样的方式,博弈者可以避免自己违背承诺,或者避免产生对对手冒犯的纵容。
Para16例如,当柯台斯到墨西哥后,烧掉了战船,故意没有给自己留下撤军的退路。由于没有返城的船只,柯台斯面对的只有战胜并征服对手或被对手消灭掉两种可能。尽管他的士兵在数量上处于绝对劣势,但这种血战至死的威胁使得对手的士气变的低落,印第安军队面对这样意志坚定的对手时,他们选择了退却。宝丽来公司在拒绝共享即时成像市场时也采取了类似的策略,当时它决定与任何挤占该市场的对手拼个你死我活。当柯达公司试图染指即时成像业时,宝丽来调动了所有的资源进行反击。14 年后, 宝丽来公司在与柯达公司的诉讼中获胜,重新赢得了在即时成像市场的垄断地位。
Para17使威吓变得可信的另一个方法是运用冒险性的边缘化策略,这一策略的风险在于: 如果其他博弈者未能按照威吓的要求去做的话,结果对大家将是一损俱损。托马斯•谢林在他的《冲突策略》一书中介绍说,边缘化策略就是故意使局势变的无法控制的策略,正是由于局势的无法收拾可能令其他对手难以接受,从而迫使对手作出妥协。
Unit3
A.Translate the following expressions intoChinese:
1.spinal cord injury脊髓损伤
2.an exclusive license专用许可证
3.natural healing自然愈合4.central nervous system中枢神经系统
5.feeder cells供养细胞,滋养细胞
6.foreign 异质的7.cultured cells(人工)培养的细胞
8.a nude mouse裸鼠
9.sensitivity刺激感
B.Translate the following expressions intoEnglish:
1.胚胎干细胞embryonic stem cells
2.细胞疗法cell therapy
3.细胞群cell population
4.临床试验clinical trial
5.分化(n.)differentiation
6.良性肿瘤a benign tumor
7.糖分子sugar molecule
8.免疫系统immune system
9.突变(n.)mutation
III.Sentence Translation
A.Translate the following English sentencesinto Chinese:(Pay attention to the underlined part)
1.胚胎干细胞的极强的适应性以及生长能力使它们能够产生大量的治疗细胞去治疗像糖尿病及脊髓损伤一类的疾病。
2.该细胞可形成少突神经胶质细胞,其功能之一是产生保护性髓磷脂鞘使神经元能够沿着神经轴突传递信号。
3.也许对人体胚胎干细胞疗法的最大担心在于它可能诱发肿瘤形成。已明确的是在免疫受损小鼠皮下注射未分化的胚胎细胞时可形成非组织性肿瘤,即畸胎瘤。
4.比如,培养的细胞通常在胎牛血清中存活,大多数人体胚胎干细胞生长在滋养层细胞的鼠细胞层上,以提供关键蛋白质防止胚胎细胞分化。
5.最后,一些研究者担心在培养中胚胎细胞可能会获得有害的新突变。这种突变事先是难以检测到的。
Unit5
A.Translate the following expressions into Chinese:
1.the existing technology 现有的技术
2.voice commands 语音命令
3.cellular network 蜂窝网络
4.slot for added memory 附加存储卡用槽
5.have computerlike features 具有电脑功能
6.a built-in digital camera 内置式数码相机
7.set up temporary offices 建立临时办公室
8.word processing power 文字处理能力
9.qwerty keyboard 标准键盘
10.location-based services 定位服务
B.Translate the following expressions into English:
1.闪存容量 flashy memory
2.手机观察家们 mobile-phone watchers
3.投影键盘 projection keyboard
4.个人电脑的捍卫者 defenders of the PC
5.语音识别系统 speech-recognition system
6.“双铰”式设计“dual hinge” design
7.按钮式拨号式键盘 the touch-tone pad
8.手机迷 a phone guy
9.豪华大屏显 the luxuriously large screen
10.智能手机 the sophisticated / smart phones
Translate the following English sentences into Chinese.1.电话变得越来越智能、小型、快速,并且能够让用户高速地连接到因特网,一个显而易 见的问题就出现了:移动手持设备将成为下一代的计算机吗?
2.还有一些正在开发中的智能电话,他们将带有摄像机、GPS 天线以及本地 Wi-Fi(一种常 在办公室、机场和本地咖啡馆能找到的超高速无限网络)热点链接的入口。
3.有了这项功能,手机很快就能提供诸如精确的行车向导、走过店铺时店铺的打折信息以 及开展约会等服务。
4.手机不太可能沿着最快的道路飞驶向自己光明的未来。这个行业里的创新充满了曲折和 失误,这常常是由于没有任何一家单独的公司能完全控制这一产品。
5.然而,手机创新者也正着手解决这个棘手的问题。科学家已经在语音识别系统方面进行 了数十年的研究,而且此项研究仍在继续。最近已将这项技术引入了 PDAs 中。
Para3在某个欧洲机场,彼得·希尔唐恩正在等下一个航班。他是芬兰一家公司的电脑销售 经理,1994 年曾经获得芬兰业余汽车拉力赛冠军。不过年届 32 的他对于这项爱好有些力 不从心了,而且他每星期都的出差。为了打发时间,他时常把《Riento!》体育杂志下载到 自己的手机上阅读。花 2 欧元,出版商 Sendandsee 就可以为他提供 8 页的体育赛事和运动员的图文信息。
Para4科技革命常以两种特色出现:或是惊人的迅速,或是难以觉察的迟缓。迅速的一类,如各种数字式音乐播放器突然遍地开花,或是音乐共享网站大量出现,似乎都是转瞬间即改 变了文化的面貌。而那些较缓慢发生的变化则往往持续数十年,以渐进、微妙的方式改变我 们的生活和工作方式。世界各地手机的涌现是缓慢的,但却势如破竹,不可阻挡。1977 年 AT&T 在芝加哥为 2,000 用户首推出了蜂窝网系统,那时手机的外形及重量几乎相当于一 块砖头。
Para5那些老式电话现已经陈列在博物馆内,而外形更纤巧、色彩靓丽的新型手机每年销售 量已达到了 5 亿部。手机的销售量使得电视机、立体音响甚至是个人电脑的销售量黯然失色。目前,世界上有 15 亿部手机,是个人电脑数量的 3 倍之多。现在手机已然成为我们生活的一部分,令人难以想象是当年没这玩意儿的时候人们是怎么过日子的。
Unit6
A.Translate the following expressions into Chinese:
1.计算机架构
2.门转换能力
3.微型处理器
4.散热
5.绝热系统
6.热噪声
7.包检测
8.通用软件
B.Translate the following expressions into English:
1.irreversible circuit
2.networking equitment
3.reversible memory chip
4.virus checking
5.potable device
6.backplane design
7.switching device
8.routing device
Translate the following English sentences into Chinese.1.业界可能对回收能量方面没有太大信息,但是谈到计算能力,一位研究人员从事的“实 现环保”的研究可能是开发未来计算平台研究的关键。
2.可逆计算机即绝热系统,它能够将能量回收,因此只产生很少的热量,使计算机能力在 现有计算技术无能为力的情况下继续提升。
3.为了避免这些问题,研究人员一直在研究可替代的计算方法。其中,量子计算已经引起 了广泛的关注。
4.发生这一转变所需的能力在静电这种情况下表现为瞬间放电,在电路这种情况下表现为 释放热量。
5.这种通用芯片能力效率预计比类似的不可逆电路要高几千倍。然而这些芯片的设计目前 还停留在概念阶段,尚未被优化。因而在实际应用中不会更高效。
Unit7
A.Translate the following expressions into Chinese:
1.Wi-Fi(Wireless Fidelity)无限保真
2.PSAP(Public Safety Answering Point)紧急通信受理中心
3.ANI(Automatic Number Identification)自动数字识别技术
4.ALI(Automatic Location Identification)自动定位识别技术
5.cellular network 蜂窝网络
6.VLAN(Virtual Local Area Network)虚拟局域网
7.DSL(Digital Subscriber Line)数字用户线路
8.URIs(Uniform Resource Identifiers)统一资源指示器
9.PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network)公共电话交换网络
10.margin of error 误差幅度
B.Translate the following expressions into English:
1.1.码分多址 CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)
2.全球定位系统 GPS(Global Position System)
3.辅助型全球定位系统 Assisted-GPS
4.基站 base station
5.接入点 AP(access point)
6.许可波段 licensed bands
7.多径传播 multipath propagation
8.虚拟专网 VPN(Virtue Private Network)
9.射频指纹识别技术 RF fingerprinting
10.漫游功能 roaming capability
Translate the following English sentences into Chinese.1.对于公共网而言,了解个人和设备的物理位置会带来一系列新的应用。这些应用将从根 本上改进商业流程和信息技术。
2.比较而言,E911 系统却可以通过接收了自动数字识别信息的代理来决定主叫方的位置。代理利用了包含由电话公司的交换设备确定的主叫号码的自动数字识别信息,通过一个 叫做自动定位识别的过程在数据库中寻找主叫方的位置信息。
3.他指出接入基础设施提供商,即拥有数字用户线路、电缆和无限保真网服务的实体总能 确定设备在网络上的位置。
4.通过比较多个接入点接收到的信号强度,三角测量技术能更精确的对用户定位。
5.随着 E911 基础设施建设命令的出台,为了加强无限保真网的网络安全性和提高它的利用 率, 网络工程师们正处于一个特殊的位置。纽伯瑞网络公司的技术总监马修·格雷认为, 采用现在的定位技术就能从很多方面加强无限保真网的网络安全性。
Para5无线技术和 IP 电话对 E911 提出了独特的挑战。因为手机用户可以漫游,所以要准确确定其位置需要新的方法和技术。更大的问题是:从无线话机发出的紧急呼叫有可能不会被转接到最近的 911 中心。即便能够做到这一点,工作人员也不会得到主叫号码或主叫的位置。工作人员必须花费宝贵的时间尽量让主叫人给出地址,而前提条件是主叫人必须知道自己所在位置,还要能够说得出话来。估计在 4500 万 911 的呼叫中,有 30%是用无线话机拨打的,所以建造可靠的无线 E911 基础设施至关重要。
Para6在蜂窝网络中布设 911 是通过三个阶段进行的。第一阶段,也是目前所处的阶段,也被称作无线阶段 0:确保 911 呼叫能够转接到一个紧急通信受理中心,不必要是最近的紧急通信受理中心。无线阶段 1:紧急通信受理中心会获得主叫的回拨号码,这在通话意外中断时很有意义。无线阶段 2:向 911 工作人员提供主叫电话号码和主叫的位置信息。Para7今天,在美国 79%的州已经在其 80%的县布设了有线 E911。比较而言,50%已完成无线阶段 1,而只有 18%的州在 80%的县布设了无线阶段 2。
Para10VoIP E911 服务的计划已经确定,也是通过三个阶段来实施。阶段一,或通常称为 I1 解决阶段,详细说明住宅或零售 VoIP 911 呼叫会通过公共电话交换网络、电缆或竞争性的 本地交换运营商转接到当地的紧急通信受理中心。阶段二,或称 I2,会通过公共电话交换 网络为 IP 电话提供完整的 E911 服务。布设的第三阶段,或称 I3,会把 E911 承载到 IP,也包括没有电话号码的设备。
Para11正在讨论许多种让服务提供商为 E911 服务查明 IP 电话的位置信息的方法,但美国通信委员会就此还没有提出明确的方向。布赖恩•罗森先生,负责马可尼公司宽带路由和交换部门的前副总裁,也是一家刚刚创建的生产下一代紧急通信受理中心基础设施的埃莫治可姆公司的创始人,他认为解决方案必须包括技术和法规两个方面。他指出接入基础设施提供商,即拥有数字用户线路、电缆和无限保真网服务的实体总能确定设备在网络上的位置。问题是要把位置信息传递给应用服务提供商、IP 电话运营商或企业。罗森认为应向接入基础设施提供商征税支付 E911 服务费用,就像在有线网络中一样。通过把费用转移给应用服务提供商的方法可以补足应用服务提供商的成本开销,也实现了对终端用户的收费。
Para15三角测量比简单的使用电话接入点定位更进了一步。通过对比多个接入点的信号强度,三角测量能更精确定位用户。问题是三角测量在电话与多个基站相连的蜂窝网络中颇为有 效,但无限保真网的协议却是为接入单个接入点而设计的。蜂窝网络在已获授权波段工作,而无限保真网络使用的是未授权的波段,因此其他设备的干扰会使三角测量难以进行。
第四篇:《科技改变生活》英语作文
Science and technology change our life With the rapid development of science and technology, our daily life has been changed a lot.New technological inventions begin to play an essential role, for example, the robot can help us clean up and finish much homework.As a result of that, we can spare more time to be dedicated to our job, and we are able to be fully exposed to our hobbies.Always have some time to hope that their cell phone is “Hello, you dial the number temporarily unable to connect” state.So, we all need a jacket that can mask the mobile phone signal.Dancepants sports music is designed to be two Lithuania designers.The clothes made of this fiber can be used to convert the temperature of the human body into electrical energy, which can be driven by electronic devices such as MP3 players.Respite of that, some disadvantages of technological inventions may appear.The excessive use of high technology can also make our life be passive.The majorities of us will become lazier men, and they are unwilling to explore minds any longer.All in all, the improvement of science and technology can smoothly increase the standards of people's life.On the other hand, it may lead to the laziness of people's behavior and mind.
第五篇:英语作文科技与生活
At this time of year, few sights more evoke feelings of cheer and goodwill than the twinkling lights of a Christmas tree.The popularity of a tree at Christmas is due in part to my great-great grandparents, Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.After this touching picture was published, many families wanted a Christmas tree of their own, and the custom soon spread In 1949, I spent Christmas in Malta as a newly-married naval wife.We have returned to that island over the years, including last month for a meeting of Commonwealth leaders;and this year I met another group of leaders: The Queen's Young Leaders, an inspirational group, each of them a symbolof hope in their own Commonwealth communities.Gathering round the tree gives us a chance to think about the year ahead--I am looking forward to a busy 2016, though I have been warned I may have Happy Birthday sung to me more than once or twice.It also allows us to reflect on the year that has passed, as we think of those who are far away or no longer with us.Many people say the first Christmas after losing a loved one is particularly hard.But it's also a time to remember all that we have to be thankful for.It is true that the world has had to confront moments of darkness this year, but the Gospel of John contains a verse of great hope, often read at Christmas carol services ,The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it.One cause for thankfulness this summer was marking 70 years since the end of the Second World War.On VJ Day, we honoured the remaining veterans of that terrible conflict in the far east, as well as remembering the thousands who never returned.The procession from Horse Guards Parade to Westminster Abbey must have been one of the slowest ever, because so many people wanted to say thank you to them.At the end of that war, the people of Oslo began sending an annual gift of a Christmas tree for Trafalgar Square.It has 500 light bulbs and is enjoyed not just by Christians but by people of all faiths, and of none.At the very top sits a bright star, to represent the star of Bethlehem.The custom of topping a tree also goes back to Prince Albert's time.For his family's tree, he chose an angel, helping to remind us that the focus of the Christmas story is on one particular family.For Joseph and Mary, the circumstances of Jesus's birthwere far from ideal, but worse was to come as the family was forced to flee the country.It's no surprise that such a human story still captures our imagination and continues to inspire all of us who are Christians, the world over.Despite being displaced and persecuted throughout his short life, Christ's unchanging message was not one of revenge or violence but simply that we should love one another.Although it is not an easy message to follow, we shouldn't be discouraged;rather, it inspires us to try harder: to be thankful for the people who bring love and happiness into our own lives, and to look for ways of spreading that love to others, whenever and wherever we can.One of the joys of living a long life is watching one's children, then grandchildren, then great-grandchildren, help decorate the Christmas tree.And this year my family has a new member to join in the fun.The customary decorations have changed little in the years since that picture of Victoria and Albert's tree first appeared, although of course electric lights have replaced the candles.There's an old saying that it is better to light a candle than curse the darkness.There are millions of people lighting candles of hope in our world today.Christmas is a good time to be thankful for them, and for all that brings light to our lives.I wish you a very happy Christmas.