第一篇：雅思高分7分写作的288个词汇总结

雅思7分288个词汇总结

传授知识

impart(vt.)/inculcate(vt.)knowledge

灌输高尚的道德观

instill(vt.)high moral values(注意values复数表示价值观)给学生以动力

give the students motivation to do sth.Motivate the students to do sth.给学生以灵感

stimulate the students’ thought

give the students inspiration 培养（某种素质）

cultivate/foster/nurture(vts.)促进学生身心的发展

promote the student’s physcial/mental/ intellectual and emotional development

心理健康

psychological soundness/ well-being/welfare(adjs)塑造某人的性格

mould(BrE,vt)one’s character 责任感

a sense of obligation 能力(先天获得)

aptitude/talant 能力（后天学习得到）

ability/skill

学生接受的学校教育（n）

schooling(n)

儿童接受的家庭教育（n）

upbringing(n)parenting(n)教学法

methodology/pedagogical methodology 用填鸭式教学来教育学生

force-feed(vt.)the students 学生不应该只是被动的接受简单知识的容器

Students should not be treated as passive recepacles of predigested ideas 死记硬背

learn things by rote

为了记忆而记忆

memorise(BrE)for memorisation’s own sake

以及方程式，公式，定理，定律

memorise(vt.)equations,formulas,theorems and laws(nouns)应用

apply

盲从

follow something blindly/indiscriminately(advs)

限制创造力的发展

extiguish(vt.)/stifle(vt.)/constrain(vt.)creativity(noun)打击学生的积极性

dampen/sap(vts)the students’ emthusiasm/

frustrate the students

产生不必要的压力

beget/creat undue pressure

把学生分开教育（如根据课堂上的表现）segregate(vt.)students 来自于其他同学的压力

peer pressure

适应（v）

adapt to sth./adjust oneself to sth./become accustomed to sth.适应能力

adaptability

逆境

adverse circumstances/adversity 团队精神

team spirit(n)

独立思考

thing independently(adv)

在理解的基础上学习

learn things through understanding

鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题

encourage students to think critically(adv)学生的反馈

students’ feedback/input

学生评价老师的教学

students appraise/evaluate(vts)their teachers’ performance 学生对老师所教知识的掌握

students’ grasp/command(n)of what has been taught 4

学生学习的各门功课加在一起称为

curriculum(n)具体一门课叫

syllabus

课外活动叫

extra-curricular activities

学校是社会的缩影

a school is society in miniature 不遵守纪律(n)

indiscipline/misbehavior/mischief(n)不遵守纪律(daj)的学生

disruptive/unruly students 5

理论知识

theoretical knowledge

就业技能

employable/marketable skills 通才

generalist 专才

specialist

全面发展的 well-rounded/versatile(adj)

为社会健康发展作贡献

contribute to societal(adj)well-being(n)/welfare(n)6

大学学科的分类可以分为

人文学科（文学，历史 语言学等）humanities 社会学科（政治 经济学 社会学的）social sciences

EDUCATION 艺术（音乐 雕塑等）

arts

文科也可以总称为

liberal arts/ liberal studies 理科（物理

化学 生物学等）

sciences 工科（工程 自动化等）

engineering 大学里任何一个学科都有可以叫

discipline 基础科学

basic sciences 应用科学

applied sciences

小学教育

primary-level education 中学教育

secondary-level education 大学教育

tertiary-level education 职业教育

vocational education/training 青少年（复数）

youths/youngsters/adolescents 生物技术

biotechnology 克隆

cloning(n)clone(v)远程通讯

telecommunications(n)

尖端的技术

cutting-edge(adj)technology 信息爆炸

information exposion/overload 信息时代

the information age/era

互联网被广泛的应用

the proliferation(n)of the Internet 太空探索（n）

space exploration

一个人的基因构成 one’s genetic makeup/ one’s DNA programming 科技创新与发展

technological innovations/inventions/advances/progression(n)提高效率

augment/enhance/boost(vts)efficiency 提高生产效率

augment/enhance/boots productivity

减少人力的机器（计算机发明之前的技术）

labor-saving machinery 取代人力的机器（计算机发明之后的技术）

labor-replacing machinery 自动化

automation(n)/ automated(adj)

彻底变革

transform/revolutionise(vts)/ fundamentally change sth.以一种史无前例的速度向前发展advance/progress(vis)at an unprecedented(adj)rate 如果要说以一种让人震惊的速度向前发展，只要把unprecedented改成astonishing 如果要说正以一种很快的速度向前发展

sth is advancing by leaps and bounds 产生深远的影响

create/produce/generate/breed/spawn(vts)/result in/lead to/ profound(adj)/far-reaching(adj)/prevasive(adj)

influence/impact/bearing/implications/repercussions(n)1 侵犯隐私

violate/intrude on/infringe on someone’s privacy 破坏某人的名誉

tarnish/sully/smear/besmirch(vts)one’s reputation 狗仔队

paparazzi(复数名词 不再加s)新闻界

the press

印刷媒体（如报纸 杂志）the print media 报道新闻的机构

news outlets 电子媒体

the electronic media 名人

a celebrity/celebrities(plu)时事

current affairs 丑闻

scandals

无处不在 prevalent/ubiquitous/pervasive(adj)2

审查

censor(vt)

删除

delete/elimminate/excise(vts)

过多的暴力与色情内容

excessive/gratuitous violent and pornographic(adjs)contents 报道非常详尽的细节

report sth.In graphic detail 媒体炒作（n）

media hype

有误导性的misleading/misreprsented/distorted(adjs)诈骗性的 fraudulent(adj)虚假的 false/bogus(adjs)

夸大事实

exaggerate(vt)things/sensationalise(vt)things/blow things out of all proportions(最后一个比较口语 用作文也可以)

充斥着

be awash with/be inundated with/be saturated with sth.Technology

Media 掩盖（丑闻或罪行等）

cover up/gloss over/whitewash 不客观的，不公正的 biased/skewed/unobjective(adjs)3

如实的报道

factual accounts(n)

可信的 reliable/trustworthy/dependable 客观公正的 objective and balanced(adjs)

及时的up-to-the-minute(adj)/up-to-date(adj)前者比后者更加及时 信息量大的informative

娱乐性强的 entertaining(adj)有新闻价值的 newsworthy(adj)

监督

scrutiny(n)/scrutinize(vt)/monitor(vt)揭露

expose/reveal(vts)

道德准则（n）

code of ethics/code of conduct 1

当局

authorities(n)

老百姓

citizens/the citizenry

规范，管理

regulate/administer/overse(vts)实施

implement(vt)

立法

legislate(vi)/make laws

民主与开放的政府

a democratic and progressive government 严禁(v)

strictly prohibit/ban altogether 严格的法律

stringent laws/legislation 规章制度

rules and regulations

为。。拨款

allocate monety to sth./subsidise(vt)/be a patron of/invest in/finance(vt)/fund(vt)/dedicate money to sth.预算

budget

税收

tax revenue(n)

政府在某方面的开支（n）

他和government spending/expenditure on sth.削减（v）

curtail(vt)增加

augment(vt)当务之急（n）

priority

把。。当成当务之急

give priority to sth.责任（n）

responsibility/obligation 人道主义救援

humanitrian(adj)aid(n)管理

administer/regulate 2 军备竞赛

arms race(n)自卫

self-defence(BrE,n)

国土安全

expansion/aggression(n)

谋求霸权

seek/pursue(vts)hegemony(n)恶性循环

a vicious circle(n)

地区不稳定因素

destablising factors 太空竞赛

space race(n)

武器

weapons/arms/armaments(n)

下岗工人

laid-off workers/downsized workers 失业（n）

unemployment/joblessness 3 基础设施

infrastructure 比如

公共交通系统

public transport system(BrE)电网

power grid

石油和天然气管道

pinelines

给排水系统

water supply and drainage system 1

一种可以通用的语言

a lingua franca/a universal language/a global language 英语被广泛使用

the proliferation(n)of English

英语的统治地位

the dominant role/the ascendancy/the hegemony of English 方言

dialect(n)/vernacular/the indigenous language

小语种将会消亡

lesser-known language wll become extinct/obsolete(adjs)小语种的消亡（n）

the extinct/demise of lesser-known languages

Government

Language & Culture 2 文化遗产包括有形和无形的两种

有形的如历史遗址，无形的如风俗习惯 仪式 传统道德观念等

cultural hertiage can be pided into two groups:tangible cultural

hertiage,such as historic sites and intangible cultural hertiage,such as

customs,rites,rituals and mores, etc.保护

preserve(vt)

祖先

forefathers/ancestors

后代

descendants/posterity后面一个是不可数名词 3

少数民族

ethnic minorities

民族团结

the harmony(n)between ethnic groups/races 文化融合 cultural integration and synthesis(n)互相影响

interaction

文化多元性

cultural persity 丰富（v）

enrich(vt)

狭隘的观念

insular/provincial/parochial(adjs)/parochial(adjs)mentality

贬低（v）

deprecate/denigrate/minimize(vts)the importance of /disparage/trivialize/discredit(vts)。。不是一成不变的sth.is not set/carved in stone 1

生活节奏加速

the tempo/pace of life has accelerated 疲劳

fatigue(n)抑郁症

depression

失眠

sleeplessness/sleep-deprivation/insomnia(n)

导致人与人之间疏远

create（vt）alienation(n)between people 过于功利的materialistic/mercenary/money-worshipping(adjs)追求最大限度利润

pursue(vt)maximum profit

交通堵塞

traffic jams/traffic congestions/gridlock最后一个是不可数名词 阻碍(v)

impede/hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit(vts)

让人担心的 worrying/worrisome/disturbing/disquieting/disconcerting(adjs)

危害，破坏（v）

undermine/spoil/do a disservice to sth/ruin/imperil/endanger/jeopardise(BrE)都是vts

危害，破坏（n）harm/damage/destruction/devastation 恶化（v）

worsen(vi,vt)/deteriorate(vi)

导致某种问题更加恶化

amplify(vt)/magnify(vt)/ecacerbate(vt)/aggravate(vt)a problem 缓解

ease/alleviate/mitigate(vts)有特殊审美价值的老房子

old building of special aesthetic value（注意审美观的说法是aesthetic values复数）

有特殊历史意义的老房子

building of historic significance 居民

vernacular dwellings

让城市更美观

beautify(vt)the cities/better(vt)the cityscape 破旧的（房子）

decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated(adjs)

拆除

tear down a building/demolish a building/raze a building/knock down a building 高楼

high-rise buildings 摩天楼

skyscrapers 城市化

unbanisation(n)

城乡差距

the disparity(n)between the city and the countryside 城市的 urban 乡村的 rural

搬迁

relocate(vi,vt)

在家上班（v）

telecommute(vi)休闲

leisure/recreation(n0

精神上的享受（n）

amusement and enjoyment(n)娱乐

entertainment/persion

宽松的管理(n)laissez-faire management(n)运营成本（n）

operating costs/overhead cost 雇用（v）recruit(vt)

会导致效率降低的（adj）

counterproductive 劳动力资源

labour(BrE)pool

人口爆炸

population explosion(n)/population boom 控制人口

birth control/family planning

贫穷的 needy/poverty-stricken/impoverished/deprived/destitude/indigent 富裕的affluent/wealthy/well-off

Development 爱慕虚荣的pretentious/ostentatious(adjs)缺少运动的生活方式

sedentary(adj)lifestyle 营养过剩

overnourishment(n)扶贫

poverty alleviation(n)

（国家或者地区的）文化特性

(national or regional)cultural identity

全球文化同一化过程(n,即地区文化特征消失)

global cultural homogenization(n)文化同一性（或叫文化均质性）

cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity 全球化是一把双刃剑

Globalisation is a two-edged sword 地球村

the global village

席卷一切的潮流

sweeping trends

有机结合东西方文化

synthesize the Asian and Western culture 侵蚀

erode(v)

普遍的 universal(adj)

两性平等

gender equality

性别歧视

sexism/gender discrimination

一个开明的社会

a progressive/enlightened society 2

被家务事拖累

be tied down by household chores 生育孩子

child bearing(n)抚养孩子

child rearing(n)母性的本能

maternal instinct

家务

housework/household chores 抚养子女的方式

parenting 代沟

generation gap/disparity 性格冲突

personality clashes

老年人

elderly people/senior citizens 青少年

adolescents/youngsters

家庭成员间的情感纽带

family bonds/family ties 归属感

a sense of belonging

对。。依恋（n）

an attachment to sth/an affinity for sth 贫穷的家庭

deprived family 富裕的家庭

affluent families 家庭的培养

upbringing 4

虐待

mistreat/abuse(vts)家庭暴力

domestic violence

毒品上瘾(n)

addiction to drugs/ be addicted(adjs)to drugs 单亲家庭

single-parent households

濒于破裂或已经破裂的家庭

broken families/dysfunctional households 挽救

salvage(vt)1 旅游景点

tourist attractions/tourist spots/places of interest 开阔眼界

push back/expand one’s vision/horizons

游客与当地人的互动

tourists can interact with the locals 促进文化交流

promote cultural communication

吸引

draw/attract/appeal to(vts)/be a magnet for somebody 亲身体验(n)

first-hand experience

多种感官体验的（如听觉，触觉等）

multi-sensory(adj)相互了解

mutual understanding

把游客和当地人隔离

seclude/isolate(vts)the tourist from the locals 商业化

commercialise/commodity(vts)欺骗游客的手段

tourist traps 冲突

conflict(n,vi+with)争端(n)

discord/dissension

间接体验（如通过电视或互联网n）srcond-hand experience/vicarience experience 文化遗产

cultural heritage

互联网不会让旅游业过时

the Internet will not render tourism obsolete

Globalistaion

Women & Families

Tourism 1

生态系统

ecosystem/ecological system 某一地区所有植物的总称

the flora(n)某一地区所有动物的总称

the fauna(n)

某一地区所有生物的总称

the wildlife in a region/the biota(flora+fauna)of a region 生物多样性

biopersity(n)

生态平衡

ecological balance/ecological equilibrium(n)2

可持续发展

sustainable development

环保主义者

environmentalist/conservationists 对环境无害的environmentally-frendly(adj)节约使用

conserve(vt)保护

preserve

再利用

reuse/recycle 3

肥沃的土壤

fertile soil 贫瘠的土壤

infertile soil

耕地（n）

arable land/farmland 增加农产品产量

boost crop yield

开采自然资源

exploit natural resources 4

短缺（n）

shortage/scarcity/dearth/lack 5

消耗（某种资源）

consume/deplete(vts)用尽（某种资源）

use up/exhaust(vts)

给资源造成很大压力

put a strain on the already stretched resources 破坏自然资源

wreak(vt)havoc(n)on natural resources 臭氧层

ozone layer

砍伐森林

deforestation(n)污染

pollute/contaminate(vts)有毒的 poisonous/toxic(adjs)污水

effluent/sewage 排放

discharge

温室效应

greenhouse effect/global warming 严重的severe/grave/grievous(adjs)

白色污染产生的垃圾

non-biodegradable garbage/wastes that cannot decompose or

breakdown/inorganic trash

恶化

deteriorate/aggravate前者为自身恶化，后者为被恶化 6

可再生资源

renewable resources

不可再生资源

non-renewable resources(包括金属metals,矿产minerals,石油petroleum,天然气natural gas,煤coal,等后三种可总称为fossil fuels)

各国必须携手解决环境问题

countries on this planet must join forces/makes a concerted

effort/unite(vi)to combat/tackle/resolve/address(vts)environmental problems

谴责而不是纵容

condermn rather than condone(vts)sth 严厉的措施

harsh action/measures

增强公众关于。。的意识

raise/elevate the public awareness of sth 触犯法律

break/violate/flout/disobey the law 犯罪

commit a crime

罪行

offences(BrE)/crimes/criminal acts 罪犯

criminal/offender/culprit.perpetrator

从犯

accomplice/accessory(n)/convicts(n)后者指帮助犯罪但为直接参与的人 受害者

victim(n)心理创伤

trauma(n)

曾横社会

resent society/hold a grudge against society 囚犯

inmate/convicts(n)牢房

cell

监禁(v)

imprison/incarcerate(vts)someone 教育罪犯

educate/edify(vts)criminals 宽容的 lenient(adj)

改造罪犯

reform/rehabilitate criminals

Environment

Crime 执法部门

law enforcement agencies

重罪

heinous crimes/flagitious crime/felony(n)轻罪

petty crime/misdemeanour(BrE)初犯的人

first-time offender

惯犯

hardened criminals/repeat criminals

遏制猖獗的犯罪

curb/halt/check(vts)the rampant(adj)crimes 再次犯罪(v)

revert(vi)to crime 再次犯罪(n)

recipism

守法的公民

law-abiding citizens

遵守法律

abide by/comply with the law 无视…(v)

disregard

给某人造成心理创伤

traumatise(vt)someone 抓捕

track dowm/hunt down/capture(vt)有预谋的犯罪

premeditated crime 犯罪倾向(n)

criminal tendency

动物实验

animal experiments 被绳之以法

be brought to justice

动物权益保护主义

animal rights activists 医学研究

medical research

残忍的cruel/merciless/inhuman/callous/brutal(adjs)活体揭破

vivisection 麻醉

anaesthetic(BrE,n)

减轻动物的痛苦

alleviate/ease(vts)animals’ pain 宠物是主人的伙伴

pets are conpanions of their masters

给主人心理安慰

afford their masters consolation and comfort(n)偷猎

poach(vi,vt)/poaching(n)

某一种事物是没有替代物的 there are no replacements/substitutes/alternatives(单数去s)for sth 认为动物和人类相同的感官的观点(n)

anthropomorphism 濒危动物

endangered species

Animal

雅思写作常用高频词组累积收藏版

on account of… 因为…，由于…

on the basis of… 根据…，在…的基础上 in any case无论如何，总之

in case of… 假使…，万一… in no case决不

in charge of… 负责…，主管… in common共用，共有，共同

on condition that在…条件下 on the contrary反之，正相反

in contrast with/to… 与…成对照 under control被控制住

at all costs不惜任何代价

at the cost of… 以…为代价

in the course of… 在…过程中，在…期间 in detail详细地

in difficulties处境困难 on earth究竟，到底

at all events无论如何 in any event无论如何

in effect实际上

with the exception of… 除…之外

in the face of… 面对…，不顾…

in favor of… 有利于…，赞成…，支持…

in general通常，大体上 in honor of… 为纪念…，向…表示敬意

at a loss困惑，不知所措 by all means无论如何，必定

by means of… 借助于…，用… by no means决不

in nature本质上 in particular特别地，尤其，详细地

in practice实际上

in proportion to… 与…成比例

for(the)purpose of… 为了… at any rate无论如何，至少

with/in regard to… 对于…，就…而论 with respect to… 关于…

as a result结果，因此 as a result of… 由于…的缘故

in the long run最终，从长远观点看 for the sake of… 为了…起见

in spite of… 不管…，不顾… in terms of… 依据…，按照…

in truth事实上，实际上，的确 have/gain access to…可以获得…

take...into account把…加以考虑 gain/have an advantage over…胜过…，优于…

take advantage of…利用…，趁…之机 make the best of…充分利用…，妥善处理…

take charge of…担任…，负责…

make a/the difference有影响，很重要

carry/bring into effect使生效，使起作用 put into effect实行，生效

come/go into effect生效，实施 keep an eye on…留意…，照看…

bear/keep in mind记住

make up one’s mind下决心

keep/hold pace with… 跟上…，与…同步 take place发生，进行

take the place of… 代替… make sense讲得通，有意义

reply to…回答…，答复…

a great/good deal of大量(修饰不可数名词)

influence on影响

account for…说明…

allow for…考虑到… refer to…参考…，查阅…，涉及…，提到…

serve as…用做… take for把……认为是…，把……看成是…

think over仔细考虑 depend on…取决于…

devote to…奉献…，致力于… engage in…从事于…，忙着…

insist on…坚持…

look forward to…盼望…，期待…

have something to do with…和…有点关系 have nothing to do with…和…毫无关系

be fed up with…对…感到厌烦 take...as把…做为…

think of...as…把…看做是… be abundant in…富于…，富有…

be accustomed to习惯于

be aware of…意识到…

be based on…根据…，以…为基础 be characterized by…以…为特征

be concerned about…关心…，挂念… be determined to do something决心做…

be equal to…等于… be free from没有……的，不受……影响

be identified as…被认为是… be known as被称做……，以……著称

be popular with…受……欢迎

be prepared for对……做好准备

be regarded as被认为是…，被当做是… be satisfied with对……满意，满足于…

be second to…次于… be sick of…对…感到厌倦

be used as…被用做… be used to…习惯于…

get used to…习惯于… as a rule 通常,照例

as to… 至于…,关于…

at best 充其量,至多

as far as...be concerned 就...而言

beyond question 毫无疑问by

all means 尽一切办法,务必 every now and then 时而,偶尔

in itself 本质上,就其本身而言 sooner or later 迟早,早晚

abide by… 遵守…,信守…

agree with与…相一致 同意…

be beneficial to… 有利于…，有益于… turn a blind eye to… 对…视而不见

by leaps and bounds飞速地，突飞猛进地 when it comes to一谈到…,就…而论

disagree with… 与…意见不一致 不同意… give an opinion on… 对…发表意见

comment on…评论…

adapt oneself to…=adjust oneself to…使自己适应于…

on the contrary与之相反

convince somebody of something使某人确信某事

concentrate on/upon…集中注意力于…

be equipped with…装备有…

attribute…to…把…归因于…，认为…是…的结果 in essence本质上

to…extent在…程度上

in the light of… 按照…，根据…

第二篇：雅思写作替换词

1.建筑

建筑
architecture建筑, 
architectural style建筑风格, 
traditional传统的
modern现代的, 
postmodern后现代的
have aesthetic value有美学价值, 
energy-efficient 节能的
function功能
functional 功能型的，实用的
historic site 历史遗迹
cultural relics 文化遗迹
national identity 民族特征
skyscraper 摩天大楼
courtyard dwellings 四合院
well-structured 结构完好的
representation n.代表
crystallization结晶/civilization 文明
exterior appearance 外表
interior 内部的
eye sore 丑的东西
demolish, pull down 拆除
preserve保留, 
devastation破坏，2.环保:

environmental protection 环境保护
environmentally-friendly 环保的
preserve v.保护，保存 conserve 
污染：
Pollute= contaminate, pollutant 
Pollution=contamination
垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter
处理: dispose of, burn, bury(landfill), dump，recycle 
plastic bags, drinking cans
biodegradable packaging可降解包装, 
throwaway 可丢弃的
disposable 可丢弃的 ~ product 
discourage v.不鼓励
燃料
non-renewable 不可再生的
fossil fuels矿石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleum
limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源
alternative energy替代能源
replace=substitute v.取代(wind power, hydropower水电, 
solar(lunar)power太阳能, 
nuclear power核能 tidal power潮汐
radioactivity n.辐射性
use up, deplete, exhaust v.用光，耗尽
conserve v.节省，节约, 
consume less v.少消耗

危害动物: 
poaching非法打猎，盗猎, 
damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地, 
rare breed稀有物种, 
endangered species濒危物种, 
extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), 
animal rights activist动物权益保护者 , 
natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区, 
protect wildlife保护野生动物, 
disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏, 
have disastrous effect on…对。。有灾难性的影响
危害植物: 
vegetation植被
deforestation森林消失, 
landslide山体滑坡, 
危害环境: 
carbon dioxide二氧化碳, greenhouse gas emission destroy ozone layer 
acid rain酸雨(erode腐蚀)greenhouse effect温室效应(worsening, deteriorate, deterioration恶化)global warming全球变暖
ecological system=ecosystem生态系统
green belt绿化带, sand storm沙尘暴,(filter v.过滤)arouse people’s awareness/consciousness of environmental protection提高公众的环保意识

动物：
vivisection 活体解剖
perform/conduct experiments on animals 在动物身上做试验 1 
animal rights 动物权益
cruel and barbaric 残忍和野蛮的
inhumane 不仁道的
alternative methods替代方式，其他方式
torture 折磨
right to live 生命权
life-threatening diseases威胁生命的疾病
medical technique医疗技术
clinical research 临床研究
vaccine 疫苗
anatomy解剖

3.教育
学校:

nursery托儿所
kindergarten幼儿园
primary school/elementary school小学, 
secondary school中学教育
higher education高等教育 tertiary level

further education进修
教育: parenting, schooling,
enroll 入学admit 招收，录取
Parents are obliged to do…父母有责任、义务去做。。compulsory education 强制教育、义务教育selective，compulsory military service，minors 未成年人adolescence，teenager/teen，youth，youngster immature 不成熟的

学习的好处
learn skills学习技能
acquire knowledge学习知识，enrich knowledge丰富知识, 
widen horizon开阔视野, 
inspire interest激发兴趣, 
stimulate interest激发兴趣, 
cultivate v.培养 hobbies
develop potentials
conduce to mental development
lay a solid foundation for the future为将来打下坚实的基础

学习上的问题: 
lack discipline缺少约束力/persistence毅力, 
test-oriented education应试型教育，teacher-centred education student-centred education money-oriented

quality education 素质教育
cram for examinations突击考试, 
stuff 塞

materials
memorise背, memorisation, 
rote learning死记硬背
Test-taking techniques应试技巧

坏处：
discourage critical thinking 打击评判性思维
students stop questioning what they 2 are being taught
学生们不去质问他们学习的东西
conduce to academic performance有助学习表现
Adversely influence 负面地影响（动作）Exert adverse/unfavorable influence on对。。产生负面影响
Emphasis on memorisation adversely influences one’s academic performance.Creativity 创造性
Come at the expense/cost of creativity以牺牲创造力为代价
Lower/raise the standard of…降低了。。的水平

工作:
Full-time, part-time, casual job，white-collar, blue-collar, semi-skilled, self-employed, freelancer, 
收入: income, earnings, wages, salary,revenue

职业好: enjoyable, pleasant, fascinating令人着迷的
Steady稳定的
provide many opportunities for…提供各种。。的机会, 
give me a sense of satisfaction/accomplishment给我一种满足感、成就感, 
apply what I have learnt to my job把我学的用在工作中, 
put my talent into full play充分发挥我的天分, 
improve my interpersonal and communicative skills提高我的人际交往和交流能力, improve my independence独立能力,
well-fare福利
benefit future development将来的发展, 
不好: 
demanding难做的, 
stressful有压力的, 
tiring累人的, exhausting令人筋疲力尽的,
boring无聊的, 
routine work常规工作, 
repetitive重复性的, 
work overtime/extra hours加班
workaholic工作狂, 
repetitive strain injuries职业病, 
adverse conditions恶劣的工作条件, 
Personnel, human resources 人力资源

4.新闻,媒体
媒体: medium-media:

read newspapers
watch TV programs
surf the Internet
see movies
up-to-date information最新的信息, 
access v.n.接触
The internet enables people to have easy access to various information.记者：reporter, journalist, paparazzi 狗仔队（复数）tabloid 
读者群Readership
观众audience
报道：news coverage/TV coverage

好处: 
provide us with rich information给我们提供丰富的信息, 
entertain us是我们得到娱乐, 
enable people to relax使人们得到放松, 
disseminate/spread knowledge传播知识, 
keep people well-informed使人信息灵通 download, upload, write your blogs, share your feelings with friends

坏处: 
information overload/explosion, 信息爆炸
Uncensored information corrupts children’s minds.未经审查信息腐蚀小孩的心灵。Violence n.暴力, pornography n.色情, 
obscene色情的, violent暴力的, pornographic色情的
objectionable content不良信息
cyber crime网络犯罪(financial crime)

net cafe 
Internet-addicted 上网成瘾的
isolation 孤立, isolated 孤立的
unsociable不善社交的 新闻审查制度: censorship
filter objectionable content过滤不良内容, 
provide a safe and pleasant cyber environment 提供一个安全美好的网络空间
invade one’s privacy侵犯隐私, 
deprive people of the freedom of speech剥夺人们言论自由, 
freedom of the press新闻自由
People are deprived of the freedom of speech.人们被剥夺了言论自由。

5.交通
Means of public transport: airplane, ship, cruises, ferry, coach, shuttle bus, light rail
mobility移动性
pedestrian行人
traffic conditions(worsen, deteriorate, go from bad to worse), 交通状况恶化
traffic regulations/codes交通规则(obey遵守, violate违背), 
traffic congestions, traffic jams, 
heavy traffic拥挤的交通
light traffic比较畅通的交通, 
crowded street拥挤的道路
Cars dominate our roads.车辆占满了我们的道路。vehicle车辆

Drink-driving酒后驾车 careless driving talking on a phone

观点: 
adopt effective transport strategy采取有效的交通策略
traffic-calming measures减轻交通拥堵的措施
Relieve the pressure on traffic, 减轻交通方面的压力
encourage people to use public transport, 鼓励大家使用公交
carpool拼车
build more cycle lanes 自行车道, 
encourage Park and Ride 停车换乘
raise the price of fuels 提高油价
impose higher tax 征收高额的税
Subsidise public transport 补贴公共交通
City council市政府
飞机：
No other means of transport can be compared with airplanes for its convenience and speed.6.食品 健康
healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
sedentary lifestyle久坐的, 
an active lifestyle积极锻炼的, 
excessive intake of…吃过多的。fast food快餐
convenience food方便食品
diabetes, diarrhea腹泻, respiratory disease,
nutrition营养
balanced diet均衡的饮食
protein蛋白质,
vitamin维生素, 
fibre纤维
mineral矿物质, high in...canned food

incurable disease绝症
depression抑郁症
obesity肥胖症-obese

overweight
stress-related diseases和压力有关的疾病
therapy（非药物）治疗
treatment 治疗
运动好处
Relieve=ease=alleviate 减轻stress
aerobic exercises有氧运动
vigorous有活力的
energetic经历充沛的
refreshing提神的
refresh your mind and body 提神
train 4 your muscle肌肉
improve blood circulation血液循环
increase flexibility提高灵活性
drain 排出
cultivate stamina and persistence培养耐力和毅力
develop teamwork spirit 培养团队合作精神
conduce to physical fitness身体健康
jeopardize= damage 危害 pesticide，genetic modification，genetically-modified food

7.犯罪,社会问题

criminal(offender)罪犯
commit crime犯罪, commit suicide 
robbery抢劫, murder谋杀, prostitution卖淫, gambling赌博, drug-dealing贩毒, drug dealer, heroin, marijuana, ecstasy, ADD/ADHD drug

social security社会治安stability稳定
capital punishment, death penalty死刑, 
sentence(v.)to death 判死刑
deter crimes威慑
right to life生存权，breadwinner经济支柱
rear a child养孩子
offense罪, offender罪犯, 
compulsory retirement 强制退休
nursery 托儿所
nursing house老人院
longer imprisonment 长期监禁

家庭问题/青少年问题
single-parent family单亲家庭, 
extended family大家庭, 
minors未成年人, adolescent青春期的, 
sibling兄弟姊妹
Peer pressure 同辈人的压力
foster, raise, bring up, rear a child抚养孩子, 
spoil溺爱, indulge放纵
run wild撒野, go astray走上歧途
juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪, 
obesity肥胖症, depression抑郁症, 
bullying恃强凌弱
absenteeism缺席(truancy, play truant)父母应该：
give proper parental guidance父母的引导
set example for children为孩子树立榜样
encourage 鼓励
help build up confidence 帮助建立信心
motivate 鼓舞
discipline their children约束孩子
well-bred有教养的
learn how to behave themselves学会行为得体
act properly 行为得体

8.科技

technology-dependent依赖科技的, 
breakthrough of technology科技突破, technology innovation科技创新, 
innovative 创新的renovate v.up-to-date/ up-to-minute/cutting-edge最新的accelerate/speed up the pace of life 加速生活节奏
reshape our life重新塑造我们的生活
improve life quality提高生活质量
convenience方便
efficiency效率
telecommunication电讯
assembly line流水线
give people more leisure time给人们更多休闲时间, 
The development of technology has made it possible for people to do 
科技的发展使人们做。。成为可能
increase life expectancy 增加平均寿命
find cures for some diseases
transplant organ 移植器官
two-edge sword/weapon 双刃剑
mass destruction weapons大规模杀伤性武器
chemical weapons化学武器 inspiration，inspire，promote space technology，heart pacemaker，freeze dried vegetables，microwave

9.全球化

cultural persity文化多元化
cultural treasures文化宝藏
cross-cultural communication跨文化交流
cultural reconstruction文化重建
heritage遗产
achievements of art艺术成就
human civilization人类文明
mainstream culture主流文化
cultural traditions文化传统
national pride民族自豪
local customs and practices风土人情
national identity and value民族特性和价值观
venue场所
spread knowledge传播知识
nurture imagination培养想象力、be closely interrelated with…与…有密切关系
cause irreversible damage造成不可逆转的损失
remove prejudice and misunderstanding消除偏见和误解

语言：
lesser-used languages 使用很少的语言
language acquisition 语言习得
linguistics 语言学
linguist 语言学家
on the verge of extinction 处在灭绝的边缘
universal language 世界语
intellectual development 智力发展
grammatical rules语法规则
context 上下文
technical terms 专业术语
read between lines读懂暗含的意思 解决游客过多的措施

There are various solutions to these problems.The first one is to limit tourist

numbers, because fewer visitors will result in less damage.Another solution is to enforce strict rules about which areas people can visit and what they can do when they get there.For example, special paths can be built and people can be forbidden to walk off the paths.

第三篇：雅思写作常见顺序词,词组

2)常见顺序词

有了主题句，接下来段落会按照一定的逻辑顺序逐一列举说明观点，顺序词就像是每个观点的路标，能够让考官更快地定位到关键内容，以下就是一些常见词语供考生参考：

首先 First，Firstly, In the first place, To begin with, First of all

其次 Second, Secondly, In the second place

再次 Besides，In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore, What is more

最后 Finally, Above all, Lastly

也可以用一些句型来表示观点的次序：

The most significant point is…

Another point to be noted is…

We cannot ignore the fact that…

在写作时，可以将顺序词和句型混合搭配使用，以达到变化的目的。

3)常用词组

记忆一些高频出现的词组是组建句子的捷径，考生可以借助以下现成的词组更好更快地写出高质量的句子。

经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy

人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长the remarkable improvement/steady growth of people’s living standard/living quality

先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology

面临新的机遇和挑战 be confronted/faced with new opportunities and challenges

普遍认为it is commonly/universally believed/recognized/acknowledged that…

社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development

引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/draw public attention

不可否认 It is undeniable/undoubted that…/There is no denying/doubt that…

热烈的讨论/争论 a heated/fierce discussion/debate

有争议性的问题 a controversial issue

就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus/agreement on…

有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons

发挥着日益重要的作用 play/perform an increasingly important role in…

对…必不可少 be indispensable/essential/necessary to …

对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/negative effects on…

利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.导致，引起 lead to/give rise to/contribute to/result in

考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration

从另一个角度 from another perspective

对…有益 be beneficial/conducive to…

为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society

打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…

应当承认 admittedly/it is admitted that

满足需求 satisfy/meet the needs/demands of…

方便快捷灵活舒适 convenient, efficient, flexibility and comfort

在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life

科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology

对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue

支持前/后种观点的人 people/those in favor of the former/latter opinion

有/提供如下理由/证据 have/provide the following reasons/evidence

在一定程度上 to some extent/degree/in some way

…的必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…

交流思想/情感/信息 exchange ideas/emotions/ information

跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with/catch up with/keep abreast with the latest development of …

采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth.对…观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person.有直接/间接/紧密关系 be directly/indirectly/closely(tightly)related to…

优先考虑/发展… give(top)priority to sth.与…比较 compared with…/in comparison with

代替 replace/substitute/take the place of

增进相互了解 enhance/promote mutual understanding

保障社会的稳定和繁荣 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society

适应社会发展 adapt oneself to the development of society

第四篇：雅思写作

School teachers used to be the source of information.However，some people argue that teachers are not as important as before because there is an increasing variety of information resources.What is your opinion?(08年4月24日考题)要对上面的句子进行重新描述，最简单的就是用同义词替换，请看下表：

Know: recognize

comprehend

grasp

understand

realize 3.使用短语进行替换

Some say that building more roads will help reduce the traffic congestion in big cities.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this.Do you support or oppose this statement? 在这一段话里，可以替换的短语如下所示:

英特网对我们的日常生活带来很大的影响。这句话我们可以写出不同的搭配。比如:

一、并列结构的使用

通过对官方范文的研究发现，考生在用并列结构提高句型档次的时候可以从以下几个层面入手：

1.名词并列: n1，n2，n3，…

这种并列又可以具体通过以下2种结构实现： a).A，B，C，… and other Xs b).X，such Y as A，B，C，…

i.Reading，writing，listening and other academic subjects could be learned from books，or primarily from books.ii.Some knowledge，such academic subjects as reading，writing，listening，could be learned from books，or primarily from books.iii.It is of great importance for people to read imaginative literature，such as poetry，novels or mythology.iv.It is of great importance for people to read novels and other types of imaginative literature such as poetry and mythology.2.名词性成分并列: n.+ what/how/whether/if… 这种并列又可以具体通过以下2种结构实现： a).what=something that b).how=the way/manner in which i.Most parents educate their children merely by instinct rather than proper pedagogy，and usually do not care about their relationship with children and how much neglect influences the future development of their children.ii.Most students are eager to obtain knowledge，but they lack the sense of what is good，or what is necessary and how much a deficiency in the concept of viewing the situation as a whole would mislead them.iii.My fellow Americans，ask not what your country can do for you，ask what you can do for your country.My fellow citizen of the world，ask not what American will do for you，but what together we can do for the freedom of man.(John Kennedy)3.形容词成分并列: a).a1 and a2+n b).a1+yet/but+a2+n c).a1，a2+n+that…

d).a1，a2，so a3 that/as to…

i.a small town à a small and peaceful town a good teacher à a good and very impressive teacher a stupid decision à a stupid and incorrigible decision ii.a simple yet effective method a direct and simple yet magically effective method an irrational yet understandable decision a fair and balance，yet undesirable decision an obvious yet not the most significant reason iii.Most students can hardly stand for his typically dry and dull lectures that would normally continue at least several quarters without giving any essential information.iv.The impact that technology has had on our daily life and society in general，is undeniable.It will become even greater as computers get faster，smaller，smarter，and so inexpensive that virtually everyone will be able to own one.v.A class led by a lethargic teacher could be extremely dull，and so boring that drives everybody in the class into sleep.vi.Learning in essence is a process that is time-consuming，painstaking，and so hard that virtually only persistent few can finally have a sense of real achievement.4.副词成分并列: a).ad1 and ad2+n b).ad1+yet/but+ad2+n c).ad1，ad2+prep…

d).ad1，ad2，so ad3 that/as to…

i.A conscientious teacher always prepares his lecture carefully，intelligently，and with the full consideration of all possible aspects concerning the subject.ii.Apart from energizing the athletes, physical strength helps them plough into the games enthusiastically and with confidence and even act as a deterrent force to their rivals to some extent.5.动词并列: a).…v1，v2+ing，v3+ing… b).s1+v1+ing，s2+v2…

i.An absent-minded teacher lacks drive to make class intensely focused，often preparing nothing in advance，wandering among random topics，thus wasting and killing times of industrial students.ii.As a result of this, food dealers have made huge profit from it, thereby promoting the sector as well as creating more jobs.6.句子并列: a).…, and therefore/thus/consequently b).not only/simply/merely…but also/…as well/even… c).neither…nor d).not that…but that… e).that引导的宾语从句 f).that引导的定语从句 g).that引导的主语从句

i.Books keep records of thoughts and ideas, and are therefore the major source from which people obtain knowledge.ii.Chinese children unfortunately have few rights to make their own decisions, and consequently often have to do things that they do not enjoy doing at all.iii.Modern vehicles have extended the range of people’s activity, and thus made much more goods available to local markets.iv.Computers have not only brought convenience, but they have also made people learn more.v.Not that emails or telephones have made people less personal, but that people themselves have become less personal.One of several possible reasons is that people usually lack of adequate communicating skills.vi.However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds.二、从句的使用

从句的使用是提高写作得分最有效的一种手段，雅思写作中主要涉及的从句主要是名词性从句，状语从句和定语从句，朗阁海外考试研究中心建议考生既可以单独使用这些从句来组织句子，还可以采用从句套从句的方式来提高句型的复杂度。7.从句套从句: i.Those who feel that sports stars salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent is very few, and the money is the recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful.宾语从句+定语从句+表语从句

ii.This has been driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs that are changing the whole way we view the world on an almost daily basis.定语从句+状语从句

iii.The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world.宾语从句+定语从句

iv.But overall, I think that this is less likely today, when academic qualifications are essential for getting a reasonable career.宾语从句+非限制性定语从句 v.Unfortunately, it is not always the case that new things are promoted because they have good impacts for the majority of people.名词性从句+状语从句

三、倒装句的使用

倒装句的使用主要包括否定词位于句首时的倒装，比较句中第2个句子的倒装和虚拟语气条件句中的倒装。

i.Not only should the parent spent more time with their children, they should also try to communicate with their children more often.ii.Only in this way can this issue be effectively solved.iii.Nor a bad environment will make people healthier.iv.Only in very few regions do the residents have enough water for their daily needs.第一，定语从句。

这应该算是写作中最常用的一种句型之一。适当地运用定语从句可以给你的文章增色不少。例如，下面的这两个句子用上定语从句马上就变成了一个漂亮的复杂句。Bad books contain evil much description

thoughts.In them, there might be , and sex.about violence, superstition

→ Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.第二，状语从句。

在写作当中运用的最多的是以下五种状语从句，即原因状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句，时间状语从句和目的状语从句。

1.原因状语从句：常由because, as, since和for引导 Eg: Nonetheless demerits.尽管如此，我还是赞成太空探险，因为它的好处远远大于坏处。

2.让步状语从句：常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引导

Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence be obtained at any age and at any place.尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。3.条件状语从句：常由if, on the condition that和providing that引导 Eg: If you want to achieve

something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared.假如你要取得成就或要实现你的雄心壮志，你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗、准备好条件。4.时间状语从句：常由when和while引导

Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。5.目的状语从句: 常由so that和in order that引导

Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills andtechnology 保持优势。

so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能

that education can , I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh 第三，宾语从句。Eg: Some people claim

that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution.一些人认为政府应对环境污染负主要责任。

Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is aninevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。第四，同位语从句。Eg: It is an undeniable increasingly serious.环境污染变得越来越严重是不可否认的事实。

Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。第五，主语从句。

Eg: What has caught our attention

is /It is noticeable that the environment in

.fact that environmental pollution becomes both the rural and urban areas is deteriorating 值得注意的是农村和城市的生态环境都在不断恶化。

Eg: It is universally acknowledged that environmental pollution becomes one of the most serious problems in China or even the world as a whole.众所周知，环境污染问题是中国乃至世界面临的最为严重的问题之一。第六，强调句: It is ＋ 被强调的内容 ＋ that Eg: It is cars and factories that release environment.汽车和工厂排放大量的废气，使得环境被污染。第七，倒装句。

Eg: Only if the government will take some appropriate this intractable problem be tackled.只有政府采取适当的措施，这个棘手的问题才能被解决。第八，被动语态。

Eg: Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people live.人们应竭尽全力来保护我们赖以生存的环境。

measures, will

a great deal of gases, polluting the 第九，分词结构：包括现在分词和过去分词。

Eg: Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries.旅游业是一个新兴的行业，它成为经济的主要来源, 在很多东南亚国家起着尤为重要的作用。

Eg: To be more specific , government should stage some relevant

.laws or regulations to severely punish the factory producing a great number of pollutants and the people littering or spitting deliberately 人进行严惩。第十，插入语。

一种独立成分,与句子的其它成分一般没有语法上的关系,大都是对一句话作一些附加说明或解释。它通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,位置较为灵活,可置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。Eg: Computer, an indispensable conveniences.电脑，我们生活中必不可少的一部分，给我们带来了极大的方便。

Eg: College students, lacking social experience, are easily cheated.大学生，没有社会经验，容易上当受骗。

part in our life, has brought us great 具体来说，政府应该出台相关法律法规对制造大量污染物的工厂及故意乱扔垃圾随地吐痰的

第五篇：雅思写作

翻开剑桥系列教材后面考官所给的范文评析，大家会发现考官的评分标准一般都从如下四个方面展开：内容(content)、组织结构(organization)、词汇(vocabulary)和句式(sentence structure)。同时，据笔者的长期观察，高分雅思作文无一例外地在这四方面有好的演绎才能获得考官亲睐。“好的作文大都是相似的，而不幸的作文却各有各的不幸。”下面，笔者将从以上四方面一一阐述烤鸭们写作时存在的盲点所在并提出相应的建议。

一、内容(content)：切中主题，自圆其说

盲点1：无话可说

这类考生在看到题目时，最初的感觉是脑袋中一片空白。雅思作文题材广泛，包括科技、教育、健康、环保、犯罪、文化传统、时尚、体育运动、动物保护等。而且由于文化差异以及学习工作的缘故，日常生活中考生极少接触到这类话题，更不用说对它有什么想法了。

盲点1击破：四多原则

多看范文；多关注时事，观察生活；多与人交流；多记录自己的想法。比较极端的做法是花三天三夜沉浸在范文书当中，分领域熟悉雅思考题及其观点。当感觉自己脑袋中涌现出无数ideas时，关上书，写出自己能够想出来的各个领域的观点，如果某个领 域发生短路，翻开书重新阅读，直至能够写出来为止。

盲点2：千言万语

这类考生往往见多识广，看到话题时感到倚马千言。可是由于词汇量和逻辑方面有所欠缺。往往面临“满腹的心里话不知怎么说”的尴尬。

盲点2击破：词以类记原则

此类考生要分领域积累雅思写作词汇，如在写肥胖问题时，考生需要积累(obese, overweight, coronary heart disease, stroke, heredity, inheritance, junk food, carnivorous, excessive drinking and smoking, couch potato, diabetes, a balanced diet, vegetarian等。)

盲点3：标新立异

这类考生认为论点或论据越新颖越好，力求与众不同。

盲点3击破：自圆其说原则

雅思考试毕竟是语言能力测试，词汇、语法和句式才是测试重点。况且，考官阅卷数载，见多识广，你的观点很有可能已经无法构成他的兴奋点，所以我们讲究论点论据

言之有理，能够自圆其说即可。

盲点4：真情流露

这类考生和“千言万语”型考生神似，唯一的不同便是他们英文表达畅通无阻，写作时有“黄河之水，延绵不绝”之势。但兴奋之时，有些忘乎所以，与主题渐行渐远。

盲点4击破：切中主题原则

这类考生必须建立自己的一套逻辑框架，并严格执行。如在写argumentation类题型时，全文四段：“第一段为背景介绍和提出论点段；第二段为己方观点论证段；第三段为让步段；第四段总结段。切忌任何与主题无关或相悖的鸡肋出现。

二、组织结构(organization)：起承转合，行云流水

盲点1：天马行空

这类考生和“千言万语”型考生神似，写作时缺乏自己的一套写作框架。有时，尽管有全文框架，段落框架又缺失，通常表现为主体段内部的分论点或分论据存在逻辑上的重复或冲突。

盲点1击破：起承转合原则

除了段落之间应存在“第一段(起)为背景介绍和提出论点段；第二段(承)为己方观点论证段；第三段(转)为让步段；第四段(合)总结段。”的逻辑框架之外，段落内部每一句也需要有这样的逻辑框架来约束，如让步段中：“some people may argue that „(起);because they maintain that „。(承);However ,they are oversimplifying the situation, in fact „.。(转);Therefore , I believe „。(合)

盲点2：单句游离

这类烤鸭写出来的句子与句子之间没有连接词，有时就算有，逻辑连词也使用错误。或者是标点不注意。最常见使用错误诸如on the other hand。它连接的是转折，却无数次被误解成递进。

盲点2击破：行云流水原则

考生应准确记忆并正确使用各种逻辑关系词，力求做到行云流水，常见的逻辑连词有：

因果关系：

因：As since due to owning to

果：hence thus therefore as a consequence as a result

表目的：thereby

举例关系：Take for example, For instance, To illustrate, As an apt illustration ,对比关系：While ,whilst, whereas, by contrast。

让步关系：despite ,in spite of , not with standing , nonetheless, even though,Provided that , if

三、词汇(vocabulary)：同义改写，百花齐放

盲点1 ： 遭遇生词

大部分考生苦恼的地方莫过于此，写作过程中无数次由于生词的关系而短路。

盲点1击破：同义改写原则

其实考生对不认识的词完全可以paraphrase，如望子成龙，望女成凤完全可以写成：All parents expect their children to have a promising further。

注意：对于各个领域内的专有名词我们鼓励大家履行词以类记原则，毕竟只有语言水平较高的烤鸭才可能做到用简单的词汇解释难词。如有同学在解释寄生虫(parasite)在他笔下成了” something that is very tiny and lives on my skin and sucks my blood without doing any work”！这样的paraphrase 只能让考官啼笑皆非。

盲点2：同义重现

如在discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the internet时，有考生作文中曾出现了不下10次的advantages and disadvantages。这会让考官出现极严重的审美疲劳，分数自然不高。

盲点2击破： 百花齐放原则

其实考生在平时的习作中应注意近义词、反义词、衍生词的积累，并不断练习。如上面的advantages的同义词为benefits gains merits pros等；disadvantages的同义词有downsides ,weakness, drawbacks cons等。

盲点3：大词连篇

很多考生认为大词生僻词汇用得越多，得分就越高。

盲点3击破：整体协调原则

看到剑桥系列教材大家会发现，考官给出的范文大词生词寥寥可数，真正有说服力的是你用的词能够准确无误的表达你的思想。试想一个语法错误连篇的考生盲目地使用各种生僻词汇来堆砌文章，这无疑给考官造成一种“暴发户”般的强烈视觉冲击，最后只能适得其反。所以，用词上我们讲究与内容以及句式结构整体协调的原则。

三、句式(sentence structure)：长短结合，错落有致

盲点1：长篇累牍

和用词上的大词连篇一样，部分考生以能使用各种复杂的长难句为荣。

盲点1击破：长短结合原则

事实上，如果大家有看剑桥后面的范文的话，会发现长难句并不象绝大多数同学想象得那般高深。通常的情况是长短句结合使用，而且论点通常用短句，而论据则长句居多。

盲点2：短小精悍

和长篇累牍型考生相反的是短小精悍型考生，为了保险起见，这类考生作文中充满了简单的is/am/are的主系表和主谓宾句型。

盲点2击破：灵活多变原则

这类考生如果能稍稍变得aggressive一些，他们将是考场上最大的“黑马”。如以Parents and teachers often link children’s score to their academic ability这个简单句为例，通过强调句型的包装我们得到：

It is children’s score that parents and teachers often link to their academic ability rather than other qualifications。

通过倒装句的包装我们可以得到：

So important is children’s score that parents and teachers often link them to children’s academic ability。

通过插入语的包装我们可以得到：

Scores , as is known to everyone ,are often linked to children’s academic ability by teachers and parents。

通过分词短语的包装我们可以得到：

Based on the conception that scores tells everything, parents and teachers often link children’s score to their academic ability。

„„„

通过如此灵活的加工和包装，你会发现，简单句经过稍稍润色原来也可以如此光彩照人，这要比无数大词生僻词堆砌形成的长难句更加赢得考官的青睐。

总之，掌握了如上原则，再加上持之以恒的练习，考生一定能在Task 2中获得自己满意的分数。（编