第一篇：红字书评专题

Scarlet Letter

Nathaniel Hawthorne（1804—1864), the author of Scarlet Letter, was born in Massachusetts, America.He is a novelist，short story writer，and central figure in American Literature Renaissance, starting the psychoanalytical tradition.His fictions focus on the description of society, the dark sides of human being nature, and the inherent sin and evil of humanity.Scarlet Letter was published in 1850.The story is based on a true love story , happening during 1642～1649 in Boston, which at that time is a puritan colony in north America on the edge of an untamed forest still inhabited by native Americans.This romantic masterpiece tells us a story about the conflict between love and hatred, courage and timidity, humanity and religious belief.Hester Prynne, a young, beautiful, clever woman.Unfortunately, she marries Roger Chilliworth, an old deformed and hypocritical physician.During their migration to north America , Roger is captured by the local Indians, so Hester Prynne has to live alone as a widow.During Roger’s absence, Hester becomes acquainted and fall in love with Arthur Dimmesdale, who is a young and brilliant clergyman in Boston.However it is impossible for them to get married at that time in the puritan society, merely because no one knows whether her husband is still alive or not.What is worse, Hester is accused of adultery against his husband and thrown into jail after her giving birth to her daughter — Pearl.As punishment, she is forced to stand on a high gallows in a crowded market and confess her lover.With a conspicuous A on her bosom and the little baby in her arms, Hester suffers the unimaginable agony and humiliation, however, when Arthur,the

lover and the most noble clergyman,is forced by the governor to force Hester confess the truth to public, she refuse to reveal anything about the baby＇s father.The long-lost Roger Chilliworth shows up in front of the gallows.They recognized each other but both of them chose to be silent.He goes to Hester’s cell to see Hester in the name of seeing his patients——Hester and Pearl.Hester refuses to tell him who the baby’s father is.Roger threatens Hester not to tell anyone his status or he will destroy that man’s everything.Since then Roger sets up his mind to find out the man who makes him a husband of faithless woman and take the most vicious revenge on him.After discharged from the prison, Hester lives in a small thatched cottage on the outskirts of Boston.She earns her living by doing excellent needlework for the local celebrities.She often finances the poor with the money earnes with hard work.After 7 years, Hester is widely respected by all the circles of the puritan society for her tolerance helpfulness and generosity.During the seven year’s time, Roger finds Arthur the very man who makes him humiliated.He tries to approach Arthur and becomes the medical adviser of Arthur.On the one hand, he pretends to rescue Arthur from his illness.On the other hand, he tortures Arthur by using his sentimental character of mind.Arthur is poisoned so deeply by his religious belief that he dare not let his secrets known by the public.Hester and Arthur have ever tried to meet in the jungle and plan to escape from Boston and begin their new life in Europe.But their plan is destroyed by Roger.Then Arthur becomes totally desperate.During a procession, after Arthur makes a

successful speech and passes the gallows, he gets rid of Roger and steps up the gallows with Hester and Pearl, after confessing his secrets, this tortured soul collapses.With no one to take revenge on, Roger’s life loses its meaning and become withered soon.Scarlet Letter has been hailed as a typical symbolic, psychoanalytical and romantic novel.In my viewpoint, three aspects of significance secure the place of this opus in American literary history.First its treatment of human nature, sin, and pride from a unique American point of view reflects the puritan belief which is deeply rooted in the author’s soul;second, the description and analysis of people’s psychology are subtle and detailed.For instance, the portrayal of Hester’s thoughts when she is on the high gallows is so vivid that the reader might feel as if they were they were there in person;third, the usage of symbolism is skillful.For example, at first, the scarlet letter ‘A’ is used as a symbol of Hester’s adultery against Roger, however, in the end it becomes a symbol of being able and admirable because she atonesfor her sin through the purity and goodness of her soul.Scarlet Letter is highly respected on its publishing, with time going by, its great significance has been increasingly analyzed and accepted.

第二篇：《红字》书评 读后感

Book Review Of The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter offered an extraordinary thinsight into the norms andbehavior of the 17

century in American Puritan society.The female who gave birth to a baby out of wedlock would be jailed for three months and sentenced to wear a symbol of her adultery—a scarlet “A” on her dress all the time.It concerned about the moral, emotional and psyschological effect of sin on people in general.It was not a simply love story but a story of sin.The Scarlet letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne used the scarlet letters to symbolize the harshness ofPuritan society, showing that how they branded sinners for life.thThe story happened in Boston in 17 century.It narrated love affairs between three person, One was the punished woman Hester Prynne, the other was his husband who called himself Roger Chillingworth.He was an old misshappen man and a doctor.Hester did not love him at all.Another man was a young minister, Dimmesdale, who had a high position

among ministers and was highly respected among his people in town.Hester and Dimmesdale loved each other.But their love was forbidden at that time.It was sinful.Due to this, Hester was punished by society with a letter A on her chest, which considered an evil and a shame.In this novel, the mainline seemd to be around the letter A.Hester was brave enough to face the cruel reality.She was always with a mind of courage.She had been alone with her child for so long, with little communication.Shame!Hopelessness!Loneliness!Hester had to wear the letter A day after day, seven years as for punishment and ill fame.When a woman had lived through a difficult experience, her character changed a great deal.If she been all tenderness, she would die.If she survived, the tenderness would leave her.Hester‟s charitable deeds and quite humility had earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community.The letter on her chest represented

her work on earth, always helping others, without excepting any thanks.Never afterwards, did that scarlet letter leave her chest.The townspeople no longer view the letter as a punishment, but rather as representing her great strength and bravery and they said it means „Able‟.But Arthur Dimmesdale, his sin against Hester and Pearl was that he would not acknowledge them as his wife and daughter in the daylight.He kept his dreadful secret from mysterious heart trouble, seemingly caused by psychological distress, what's worse, he was an advisor to the townspeople about their sins.After Mr.Dimmesdale‟s death, no one changed more in appearance than Roger Chillingworth.All his strength and energy had been used to harm his patient.This unhappy man aimed to add to the suffering of the young minister.When the evil old man no longer had such a purpose, the devil took him back to the hell.It is a curious subject of observation,however, whether hatred or love are not of the same place.Each takes a great deal of emotion from one person.The two feelings seem basically the same, except that one is smiled upon by God, while the other is worshipped by the devil.The two lovers had ever decided to flee to Europe, where they could live with their daughter Pearl as a family.They felt a sense of release there.However, their plan failed.When Hester died, she was buried next to Dimmesdale.The two shared a single tombstone with a deep colored letter A shining brightly.What stuck me when I read this, and remains with me today,is that it is those who presume to punish sin who are the real sinners, Chillingworth‟s life is one devoid of human feeling, devoid of any real joy as he lies in the stone cold bed of hatred and revenge.And to a lesser extent so it is with Dimmesdale who cannot forgive himself, who secretly flagellates himself so that his life becomes a hell on earth.On the other hand there is Hester who finds forgiveness and love with good works and in the jioy of her beautiful and precious Pearl and in her unstinting love for Dimmesdale and her hope and faith that a better life will come.09英语2班

邓楚欣

第三篇：书评

书评范文

（一）——《菜根谭》书评

一个非常非常平凡的人，写了一部让历史永远不能忘却的奇书，那就是《菜根谭》。据我所知，这本明代洪应明所着的书，被后人翻印过无数次，可见喜欢此书的人之多。新中国的创始人——毛泽东也喜欢此书，他对此书的评价是，“嚼得菜根者，百事可做。”可见这本书给人的教益，非同一般。

我反复翻阅的《菜根谭》全书由原文、译文、评点三项组成的条目一共360个，上至治国、平天下，下至修身、治家，人世中的大道无所不包。政治家可以从其中找到经邦治国的谋略的比如“居轩冕之中，不可无山林气味；处林泉之下，须要怀廊庙经纶。”“议事者身在事外，宜悉利害之情；任事者自居事中，当忘利害之虑。”商人可以找到机智，一种进退的机智，一种以仁取胜的机智；僧侣则会发现博大和宽柔，而我喜欢《菜根谭》，更多的是喜欢作者的思辨和处世哲学。

比如，“子生而母危，镪积而盗窥，何喜非忧也？贫可以节用，病可以保身，何忧非喜也？”有了这样的辨证，就有了柔度，在生活中才会适可而止，才不至于被逆境击得粉碎。“自老视少，可以消奔驰角逐之心，自瘁视荣，可以绝纷华靡丽之念。”用这样透视的眼光去看人生历史，人才不至于轻得像一颗纤尘，随世风飞扬，而是始终保持一颗冷静的心。

至于处治世宜方、处乱世宜圆，这种富有变通的处世哲学在书中无处不在。

那么，对待世态炎凉呢？作者这样告诉我们，“我贵而人奉之，奉此峨冠大带也；我贱而人侮之，侮此布衣草履也。然则原非奉我，我胡为喜？原非侮我，我胡为怒？”让立体“我”与世俗给予我们的外物绝然分开去对待荣辱，这不失为一种绝大的智慧。如果为官的都能这般认为，就不会被那些别有用心的吹捧者所迷惑，从而做出亲小人而远君子的蠢事来。而作者不惮以最坏的恶意度小人，以最小的信任寄于世情，以保持宠辱不惊的心态，这也是一种智慧。

对于天上掉的馅饼，洪应明则说，“非分之福，无故之获，非造物之钓饵，即人世之机阱。此处着眼不高，鲜不堕彼术中矣。”假如为官者都能深悟此道，就不会一时糊涂，结果作茧自缚，相反，倒可以未雨绸缪，防患于未然，从而安然度日。

面对权贵呢？他是这样说的，“趋炎附势之祸，甚惨亦甚速；栖恬守逸之味，最淡亦最长。”

何谓真君子？他告诉我们，“君子处患难而不忧，当宴游而惕虑，遇权豪而不惧，对茕独而惊心。”

还有书中无处不在的博大、淡泊、宽容、善良，无处不有的谋略和智慧，所有这一切，让读者觉得自己岂止是在读书，而是与一位智者交谈，与一位畏友交流，心中的疑虑消失了，留下的都是那份沉甸甸的还带着暖意的警策。

这就是《菜根谭》，好书《菜根谭》，她淡雅的眉目下藏着的却是一双透视人世的慧眼。

书评范文

（二）——《年轮网络日记》书评

捧起《年轮网络日记》，视线所及的几个字，拨动心弦，琴音渺渺而来。我相信，沉默的心灵郁积得久了，是需要倾诉的快慰，需要听众的包围。因为陌生，所以真实。每个人的悲欢，源自心灵深处的恣意流淌，打动我们的，唯有真情。

《年轮网络日记》真实地镌刻了满满的爱与哀愁、痛并快乐、失落与收获。悲欢离合有几多，渐行渐远渐无声。只有文字，成了不败的记忆。

《年轮网络日记》一直在枕边放着，只要有空我就会翻看，看看这些鲜活的记忆。晓薇对爱情的浪漫怀想，笔墨细腻；莫言悔的《第三者自白书》，字里行间的深爱终化无言；倾城，还有炎子，她们用爱划过冰冷的网；紫玉冰凌的《女人的天空》，飘着淡淡的花香，成熟睿智的思想不仅仅是岁月打磨的功劳……

说到此，最让我难以忘记的还是雨天梦晴。在这场文字的盛会上，她可谓是最让人瞩目的领舞者。一个游走在婚姻边缘的女人，对爱情、对婚姻有着怎样独到而深刻的领悟呢？然而每一次领悟，却又都是如此的疼痛。

“我曾经天真地以为，有了性关系的异性是不可分割的两个个体的组合，性就像一纸不容反悔的合同，永远牵和着双方。而有了性关系的男女终生都会拘泥于这种身体的组合，为对方保留一定的私有空间。”对爱情的憧憬，尽管是曾经，现在读来依然撼动人心。“如今，当我经历了性和性的想象后，才知道性只是人的一种本能的需要而已，它有时和感情无关。”这种领悟，无关对错。()只是悲凉种种，尽在不言中。

“我将只是萎谢了……”张爱玲的句子，是有爱情的女人心底的道白；还有纳兰性德比秋夜还凉的诗词：“此情已自成追忆，零落鸳鸯，雨歇微凉，十一年前梦一场。”我们终将年华逝去，大多数女人都不敢再去奢谈爱情。男人的怀抱，终究不是女人永远的江湖。爱情予人甜蜜的想象，婚姻给人成长的元素。

《夏日秋水》，仿佛一曲《琵琶吟》，娓娓道来微微的心酸，却又不乏对明天的希冀。

莲妮的《我忍你十天》，是很有个性的一章。一气呵成，也不免让我看得有些胆战心惊，不知会做怎样的演变。其实，婚姻是首两人合弹的曲子，因为太长难免琐碎，一方松懈则会杂音渺渺。爱，因为宽容和理解才得以被看见，才得以永恒。

矢儿的《牵手走过十年间》，让我们看到幸福所在。如果说雨天梦晴笔下的婚姻是在如晦风雨中飘摇的玫瑰；莲妮十天的忍受终于等来云开，于是有了“幸福是咖啡里的糖，必须自己放；温暖是心灵的血液，必须自己努力地压缩释放”的感悟，那么矢儿的十年牵手不知道当中有没有轰轰烈烈、生死离别的爱恋，后来大概就如涓涓细流一般，流失的多了，沉淀的东西也多了吧。

有的时候，爱到了深处，爱得太久了，就学会了宽容，生活诸多的无奈，不管是男人也好女人也好，谁也没有太多的精力让爱变得那么完美，给彼此一点空间，保持那份距离，爱或许会更美。爱情无需刻意去把握，越是想抓得牢越是容易失去自己，也容易失去彼此间应该保持的宽容。爱情，一如冬天取暖的刺猬，离得太远，会冷；靠得太近，会疼。

轻握着书卷，我开始怜惜起《年轮网络日记》中的女子了。

书评范文

（三）水中诗者

——由雅罗米尔看昆德拉笔下的幻灭与永恒

高一（7）梅放

米兰昆德拉的艺术永远区别于一般的小说艺术——甚至从某种程度上来说，昆德拉的世界里是没有绝对的写实主义或者说象征主义痕迹，而是以诗性和存在作为根基的。小说是他的价值与思想所衍生出来的艺术品：而《生活在别处》一书，不妨说是在他在二十世纪对诗及诗人本身的一次探寻。

诗人雅罗米尔在小说中，透过锁孔看到年轻的保姆玛格达浸在青白色盆水中的胴体。年少的他于是乎发出了如此的感叹——他写道，“哦，我水中的爱情！“水是哀愁的一个意象，正如现实的疲惫之于理想，以温柔的方式剥夺诗人的光焰。事实上，即便他在今后的生活中如何地演绎着雄性的激情抑或是诗性的火热，这锁孔里盈逸出来的水汽却依然浸淫着他的生活：从未离开过。诗人最恐惧的就是无法获得真正属于诗人的生命——哪怕是仅仅是一天——一天能也让他嗅到自由的温柔香气。那种松香在炉火里摇摆的、如同诱饵般让人穷追不舍的胜于女人的味道。

然而，诗人得到了吗？或者说——诗的梦想在这个时代有没有成就的可能？也许，当雅罗米尔被撑大的瞳孔充满了水的晶莹，当火焰最后一次出现在他的幻想（只是隔着玻璃般的水层）时，答案已经找到。他注定只是一个水中的人。

一、梦是往复，诗在别处

——雅罗米尔、梦境及其他

我们在作品中看到了许多有别于惯用手法的留痕，以及具有强大对称性的穿插式叙述（即A-B-A-A-A-C-A）：雅罗米尔，本身作为一个具有诗性的人物，他的生、长、梦以及死亡，都是以一种热情的方式来呈现的。因此，“真”在小说里始终是模糊的，诚如作者的叙述，诗人的真理就是热情，而热情是什么？热情是多变，是梦中一切场景在心中最为有力的印证：雅罗米尔的热情活在他自己以为可控的人偶身上，却最终也逃离不了这种温度的背叛。对于诗人来说，这是等同于失去生命的。于是我们想到的书题的来源：法国诗人——事实上他不过只有五年的诗人的生命——阿尔蒂尔.兰波的那句：诗人生活在别处。兰波所提供的是一个模糊不清的概念：也就是说，别处（ailleurs）与任何一处（partout）是完全没有区别的。诗人是流浪的，而这与诗本身的原始性也不相违背。意大利人维柯曾经定义说，“诗性智慧”是心灵和精气结合的产物，也就是说，诗人天成，而基于人流浪的本性，诗也正是“别处”的产物。

有关于雅罗米尔的诗，也确凿一如许多评论家的说法，是拙劣的。例如那首《墓志铭》：“啊，如果要死，就让我和你一起，我的爱人，让我们在烈火中，变成光和热……“平庸有余，情感却在泛滥中显现出单薄。事实上，诗人也并非一定就是一个桂冠性质的荣誉，在雅罗米尔身上，甚至有几分贬义。但是毫无疑问的是，他此生最成功的作品，就是分裂：漫长不息的、千转百回的梦境，与克萨维尔所缔造的瞬间的伟大悲剧。

兰波是以亲身去游历的，而雅罗米尔则把心灵送去驰骋。他惊鸿般的一生始终处在母性的束缚之下；正如人为大地的引力所限制那样，他选择了懦弱的爱情，靠近自己的信仰和波澜不惊的起步与行走，将反叛与恶劣推给自己的另一个人格：他以为一直都在、并将永远陪伴他的冲动，强大想象与感知力的寄主——克萨维尔。妈妈教育里所有象征的柔和与美好，在雅罗米尔的内心中事实上时充满危机的、颠覆的。梦境被隐去，却一次次地被表明是仍然存在的，并且以极其规律性的方式在他的生活中振动着。对母爱的背叛一刻都没有真正停止过：诗人渴望着逃离现实与平庸，并且以自己的意志在这条道路上奔跑着——梦是往复的，诗在生活别处。昆德拉笔下的小诗人也许终其一生都不曾感受到的那一种悲怆，却在他生命的最后时分高高突起。他精神诗篇的全部的寄主，克萨维尔，像他所希望成为的男人一样，把他抛弃在深渊里面。

雅罗米尔之剩下他最不需要的母性之爱，但却在同时，成就了他一瞬间诗人的生命，他灵魂的一部分跟随热情而去，另一部分则彻彻底底地湮灭。

二、挥之不去的妈妈

——诗人的意识：母性之爱的毁灭与拯救

奥斯卡.王尔德和莱纳.玛利亚.里尔克，这两个在错位中沿承诗的美丽的不朽人物，都曾是母亲眼中温柔可爱的、如同女孩般驯顺的孩子。然而他们后来的方向，也许才是雅罗米尔有生之年提起母亲的唯一骄傲：宁愿想起对这个家没有多少爱、甚至阻挠他来到这个人世的父亲，也不愿意走近甘心为自己分担一切的妈妈，好像也确实不是他一人的不肖；他在逃，但是逃得毫无道义上自我的谴责，而是逃得充满自已为是的正直：我需要我自己的爱，我自己的诗歌与美，我的骄傲和太阳。诗人想要除了灵感与激情之外无所依赖，这是他们不凡于常人，亦原始于常人的地方——一般人需要的更多的情感寄托，在他们看来是多余的涂鸦，不如画家所给的那一支单调的艺术家的笔，留白反而可以由热切去填充。

母性，是伴随着妈妈这个人物的存在而一直在书中扮演重要角色的一个关键性词汇。它也许不只是“妈妈“这个词而已：而是大地对朴素的、没有杂质的浪漫挽留。可惜的是，诗并不一定如童话般纯洁，它的神圣性亦不表现于在生活面前的童贞。

有人将妈妈的存在形容为一种“被造成的“第二性现象：但我认为，单以性别的拘束来看待母亲的另一个方向上的理想主义，其限制性是不合理的。母亲是以一种孕育中的寄托来看待这个生命所承载着的一切的，从另一个角度来看，这是一种原始性的，具有传承意义的理想：但却是注定要被攻击与挤压的一种——诗人在丧失这种自由的时候是近乎疯狂的，尽管他明知自己也沿袭了和妈妈一模一样的占有欲。爱情和母性之间的区别，不过是占有的原因与方式，但雅罗米尔自己却分裂出一个无父无母的精神形体：这个意义上，他对后者的叛逆要深重得多！昆德拉写道，无父无母才是自由的条件——丧失父母的人是做不到的，因为这种影响将挥之不去，甚至比一生浸泡在妈妈的溺爱之中还要可怕。

他以克萨维尔背叛一切，却最终被这个工具所背叛。他浸透在水里面的眼眸清澈，所能看到的，没有往昔热情，只有妈妈。母性的渴望是可以撕裂百遍而不死的，倘若它死去，也只能是在出生之前。最后，诗人也许发现，前世的一个印记将至少带走他今生的一半，而这个印记，就是母亲在阳光下的石堆之中所许下的愿望：他是这个样子，且将保持着这个样子死去。荷尔德林说：“人充满劳绩，却仍然诗意地栖居在这大地上——”也许雅罗米尔曾经忘记了，但是他最后却也不可避免地接受了，大地对每个人的公平，就是无论你曾离天空多么近，归于尘土都是你的命运。

土地是高于诗的真理，这也正是诗长期将处于寂灭边缘的原因。诗叛逆于永恒，却因此而摩擦出思想史上前无古人后无来者的火光。

三、玻璃纸外面的月色与阳光

——急流终有归

“我愿是一条急流，”裴多菲写道。青年诗人喜爱革命是出于对星星之火可以燎原的充分信任，以为革命到了哪里热情便也会随身，殊不知玻璃纸外的月色与阳光（艾吕雅的诗写到，“我的一只眼里是月亮，另一只眼里是太阳”），都只是水中美丽的倒影，革命越是冲刷，信念便愈发不清。

兰波的才华在十九岁之后便烟消云散，应是应了“出名要趁早”的说法，但免不了还是江郎才尽的嘘声不断：从这种意义上说，带着悲剧和一半的精气走向另一个世界的雅罗米尔，还算是有一个幸运的结局——“早夭“对于艺术家来讲并不是坏事；晚年卖弄资历的艺术圈人物中，多半都是在出售价值观念给空虚的后辈，而这些后辈，毫无疑问是没有成功可能的。一般的经验是，当精神的夭亡与身体之死同步时，悲剧感时最为强烈的。这是瞬间的震颤，仿佛我们读惯一书的亢奋之后，在波澜不惊间蓦地升腾。诗人忽然为自己的一生加上了诗的意义，而这种意义则是不朽的，在悲剧被人们淡忘之后依然存在与观众的脑海之中：我们看到的月光也许不是它原本完满的样子，但却加倍地光辉起来——阳光也渗透到原本不能渗透的角落，在水中的沉降与分离变得绚丽多彩。

火的寂灭是悄无声息的，宛如宇宙中渐渐收缩的老去的恒星。能量被耗尽，与大地遥遥相对，那是伟大的一生所要面对的长夜与不复归去的星空。但是，水却依然活着。或是冻结或是积蓄，以它极小的比热容，弱化着人类对这个大地千百年来不息的恐惧。火与身体的梦依旧在做着，但沉降确是大地归途的一部分。万分之九千九百九十九的人都将回到那里，一些人又会开始诗的燃烧，也许，雅罗米尔有几辈子脱离不开诗的命运。

昆德拉需要讥刺他失败的悲哀吗？不，甚至可以说，他并不失败。当他卧在冰凉的棺材里的时候，他不再能继续使克萨维尔做着那些连续不清的穿梭之梦了。但是毫无疑问，这些梦已经不死，并将附体于其他人充满热血与诗性的想象之中。他将一次次死去，并一次次在别人的记忆里复活归来。好像水，将诗人的生命一次次浇灭，却又一次次激动着他们追索光焰的力量——雅罗米尔是一个浸在水里的人，但是他的眼睛里却依然可以有太阳和月亮，和保尔-艾吕雅一样的太阳和月亮。

也许，这也正是诗人的不灭。

诗人的不灭于是也是在水中的了。

第四篇：书评

外国语言学及应用语言学 2012132077号 姜作超

Introduction to Contemporary Syntax(当代句法学导论)is written by Professor Wen Binli of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies.It is a book for English learners who are beginners of syntax.This book introduces the dominant theory of contemporary syntax study------Chomsky’s Government and Binding Theory, or the Principle and Parameter System before the publication of his “the Minimalist Program” in 1995.By using plain language, Professor Wen Binli elaborated various theoretical components: Theta Theory, X-bar Theory, Binding Theory, Control Theory, Government Theory and Bounding Theory.This book consists of twelve chapters, each chapter permeates with each other, and the content is systematic and cohesive.The first chapter is a brief introduction to the whole book, in which the author discusses some theoretical problems about the study of language.In this chapter the author discusses the relationship between language study and language theory, introduces two method and three methodological principles of language study, and explains the main content of this book and several problems about the edition of this book.The second chapter is about category classification and some basic syntactic concepts.This chapter describes three issues: word category, phrase category, and sentence structure and several structural relationships.The third chapter introduces Theta Theory, including subcategorization, argument structure, thematic structure, assigning θ-role, and the like.According to Theta Theory, a sentence is a structure with verb as the center.It is the features of words that determine the basic structures of sentences.The forth chapter discusses X-bar theory.This chapter reveals that the internal structures of a variety of phrases and clauses are consistent with X-bar Theory, that is all of them have common structural features.The fifth chapter is about Case Theory, including specifier-head agreement, Constituent-command theory, abstract case, morphological case, case assignment and Case Filter.The sixth chapter introduces Binding Theory.In this chapter the author distinguishes pronouns, anaphors and referring expressions and introduces three binding theories of pronouns, anaphors and referring expressions.The seventh chapter is a discussion of two different categories: PRO and pro.This chapter discusses the features, distribution and permissive conditions of PRO and pro as well as Control Theory.The eighth chapter is about NP-Movement.NP-Movement mainly involves three structures: passive construction, raising construction and unaccusative construction.This chapter explains the features of NP-Movement and how NP-Movement occurs.The ninth chapter discusses Wh-Movement.Wh-Movement occurs mostly in wh-sentences and relative clauses.This chapter also discusses the features, reasons and end points of Wh-Movement.Bounding Theory, which confines Wh-Movement, is also introduced.The tenth chapter introduces the features and permissive conditions of traces left after NP-Movement and Wh-Movement.This chapter explains Empty Category Principle, the phenomenon of parasitic gap, and strong crossover and weak crossover.The eleventh chapter is about logical form, which is a kind of semantic expression formed through α-movement on the basis of S-structure.α-movement is abstract movement, including quantifier raiding and wh-raising.This chapter also discusses the phenomenon of “subject-object asymmetry”, “γ-making” and “subject-adjunct asymmetry”.The last chapter introduces Head Movement.This chapter discusses Head Movement Constraint and introduces Pollock’s Split INFL Hypothesis.For beginners of English syntax, this book is a rather good material.The gradation of content is reasonable.The arrangement of the content is from suppleness to difficulty.It is easy for students to understand and learn.Students can learn step by step and at last master the knowledge of syntax.J.D.Brown suggests that materials should be considered from five perspectives: background, fit to curriculum, physical characteristics, logistical characteristics, and teachability.Cunningsworuth also suggests four guidelines for study materials: First, course book should correspond to learners’ needs.Second, course book should reflect the uses which learners will make of the language.Third, course book should take account of students’ needs as learners and should facilitate their learning processes, without dogmatically imposing a rigid “method”.Last, course book should have a clear role as a support for learning.According to the above criteria, this book is pretty good.The reasons are as follows: In this book, the statement of the Principle and Parameter theory and its subtheories is systematic and comprehensive.The structure of this book is clear and appropriated.In general, each chapter of this book presents a different theory, and each theory and principle lays a sound foundation for theories of latter chapters.When stating the content of each chapter, the author does not confined to the statement in a single linear level, but use comprehensive method of statement.By adopting this method, the author not only constructs the systematicness and integrity of syntactic theory but also leads the students to master theoretical knowledge of syntax more profound.The logic of this book is clear and the language used is simple and plain.All the principles and theories in this book are summed up on the basis of the analysis of language materials.In the process of analyzing language materials, the author uses localized language, take examples, uses contrast and comparison method to make the statement easy to understand and master for Chinese students.In short, through the usage of various kinds of statement, localized language, and clear logic, the author makes abstract and obscure syntactic theories and principles easy to understand for Chinese learners.In addition, the well-designed exercises after each chapter can trigger the interest of further reading for students and lead learners to contemplate deeper so as to improve the ability of thinking, analyzing and solving problems.

第五篇：书评

这个历经百年的家族，从第一代何塞•阿尔卡蒂奥•布恩迪亚开始，直到第八代为止，都生活在仿佛是宿命一般的孤独之中，而他们每个人的一生都在与孤独做着至死不休的决斗，却在终点都与它相依为命。何•阿•布恩迪亚终生都在寻找通向新自由世界的大路，研究炼金术、银版摄影，而暮年时却只能被绑在栗树下喃喃自语；奥雷里亚诺上校不断地发动战争，年老时的他却将自己锁在房间里制作小金鱼；阿玛兰妲费尽心思得到自己的爱，同时也赢得了许多人的钟情，然而最终也只能一遍一遍地缝补自己的寿衣，并在寿衣缝好之日魂归西天；丽贝卡的内心蕴藏着整个家族中最深沉的勇气，然而仍旧在长满苔藓的房间中孤独终老，逐渐被人遗忘；曾经极度好客的梅梅，爱情亦是轰轰烈烈，在花季依旧时却永远封住了自己的嘴，至死也未说一句话……直到最后一代子嗣被蚂蚁吞噬，整个马孔多消失在飓风之中，他们都未曾逃脱从出生开始就伴随他们的命运。

博尔赫斯曾评价《百年孤独》是一部最能体现西班牙浪漫主义色彩的书，通篇几乎没有爱情，却甚为浪漫。细细想来，正是孤独造就了这种浪漫。孤独并不是可耻、需要摒弃和践踏的。书中的每一个人经过的挣扎，都最终在孤独里找到了依靠，对于他们来说，这甚至比爱情更为可亲。不管是文明尚未开始的蛮荒时代，还是滚滚车轮带来的充满喜悦哀愁的兴盛，孤独让布恩迪亚家族的命运形成了一圈又一圈的轮回。孤独让他们安静、让它们了解自己的内心，同时也了解他人的内心、了解自己究竟为何来到这个世界上，在世界的终点与等待自己的宿命终结之前应该完成什么，然后，孤独让他们坦然接受自己的命运、让他们活在自己最绚烂的一刻，永远不死。如同阿玛兰妲在最终得知自己的死期后反而面容安详一样：他们的灵魂在此刻得到了永久的安宁。