第一篇：当代研究生英语下册课后Close原文1-4

Unit 1，There are two factors which determine an inpiduals intelligence.The first is the sort of brain he is born with.Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others.But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with ,an inpidual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn.So the second factor is what happens to the inpidual-the sort of environment in which he is brought up.If an inpidual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of，intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an inpiduals intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and John.When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes.Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities.John, however, was educated in home of well-to-do parents who had been to college, This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were，given tests to measure their intelligence.Johns I.Q was 125,twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.Unit 2

Recent studies of the human brain have resulted in some interesting discoveries.Scientists believe that a way to improve the power of the brain may soon be possible.Scientists have discovered that the brain can make its own drugs.The brain contains a protein substance which can act directly on the brain to change aspects of mental activity.Some may change or improve, for example, creativity, intelligence, imagination, and good memory.Chemicals found in the brain carry messages.In recent years scientists have found chemicals that affect mood, memory and other happenings of the mind.About 25 have been found so far.Today the role of chemicals and protein substance in human behaviour is creating much interest.Research seems to show that they may help control insomnia, pain, and mental illness.They have a great capacity to stimulate the brain to conquer deficiencies.They also improve the qualities of memory and learning already in the brain.They hold the secret to mood and emotion.Some day there may be a chemical way to create a better more efficient brain.Unit 3，By measuring the amount of HIVs genetic material in various representative tissue samples from infected people, and extrapolating form these samples to the entire body, Haase estimates that at most 1 in 2,500 cells, maybe fewer, is infected with HIV.This is nowhere near enough for direct cell killing to account for the depletion in their numbers that leads to AIDS.Haase says that his own work now shows that large numbers of CD4 cell ate becoming trapped in lymph tissue, and he believes that HIV also disrupts the production of new cells.In common with a number of other researchers, he also believes that HIV may cause the loss of uninfected CD4 cells by triggering abnormally high levels of cell suicide ,or apoptosis-a separate process that has been a subject of research throughout the 1990s.Taken together, these findings clearly suggest that HIV keeps the immune system in a state of constant activation, and unbalances it in four ways :by trapping mature cells ,by stopping the production of new cells, by triggering abnormally high rates of apoptosis and by killing a small but significant number of cells directly.Their combined impact leaves the immune system depleted and unable to cope with opportunistic infections.How will any of this affect treatments? Would better knowledge of the ways in which the virus disturbs the immune system enable researchers to rebuild it ,broadening the depleted repertoire of CD4 cells ? Roederer , at least, thinks that drugs that directly affect the immune system will be needed.Others go further, Jay Levy at the University of California , San Francisco, worries that prolonged treatment with cocktails of antiviral drugsmight even fool the immune system and “put it to rest”, by keeping levels of HIV so low in the body that they fail to trigger any immune responses at all.This might make inpiduals who stop taking the drugs even more vulnerable.He argues that immune-restoring treatments should be given alongside antiviral drugs.Already, some researchers are working on novel approaches such as developing genetically engineered T cell to replace lose CD4 cells.Unit 4what is Golbalization?

Economic “globalization” is a historical process, the result of human innovation and technological progress.It refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world , particularly through trade and financial flows.The term sometimes also refers to the movement of

people(labor)and knowledge(technology)across international borders.There are also broader cultural, political and environmental dimensions of globalization that are not covered here.At its most basic, there is nothing mysterious about globalization.The term has come to common usage since the 1980s, reflecting technological advances that make it easier and quicker to complete international transactions –both trade an financial flows, It refers to an extension beyond national borders of the same market forces that have operated for centuries at all levels of human economic activity-village markets, urban industries ,or financial centers.Markets promote efficiency through competition and the pision of labor-the specialization that allows people and economies to focus on what they do best.Global markets offer greater opportunity for people to tap into more and larger markets around the world.It means that they can have access to more capital flows, technology, cheaper imports, and larger export markets.But markets do not necessarily ensure that the benefits of increased efficiency are shared by all.Countries must be prepared to embrace the policies needed, and in the case of the poorest countries may need the support of the international community as they do so.

第二篇：研究生英语课后close翻译

第一章

《视窗》这个网站杂志包含世界著名作家的诗歌和文学作品，其中不乏有解释这个世界的发人深思的文章。甚至还有来自联合国秘书长科菲·安南的文章。令我们吃惊的是这个杂志的编辑是一个12岁的小女孩，乔治·南丁格尔。

她因为《视窗》这个杂志而获得1999年有线和无线儿童网络奖项的一等奖，这些奖每年由年轻人颁发给最善于应用网络的年轻人。他们强调虚拟世界是网络最受欢迎的一个方面。孩子们进入到网络空间仿佛他们天生都会使用网络。

或许因为孩子们接受这些技术很自然，而大人不得不需要费一番脑筋才能理解。无论什么原因，但孩子们已经建立起网站并向世界各地的朋友发邮件时，而大人仍在询问“请告诉我一边，网络空间究竟在哪”。

当然，孩子们在网络空间中可以远离父母的监管，这个问题日益受到关注。很多父母为了应对这件事已经安装了可以组织孩子们进入暴力和色情网站的软件。儿童网站采取了更积极的策略，它是一扇通往教育世界和娱乐世界的大门。

网络文化的迅猛发展已经引起分析家的推测：社会很快就会分成两个阵营——信息丰富阵营和信息贫乏阵营。为此儿童网站将尤为重要，为那些因为贫困或者残疾而处在社会边缘的孩子们能在虚拟网络中有机会像一个正常公民一样享受同等权利。

第二章

当你舒服地坐在花园里给你的同时发邮件时，你不需要经历一个难受的旅行去和他们交谈。如果你需要一份重要文件，你可以通过卫星传真到你的手机上，并且可以在笔记本电脑上观看。即是来自其它大洲的文件，你也可以立即接收到它。

随着科技成本的日益降低，生产所有权变成了现实。由于拥有电脑﹑手机﹑传真机﹑打印机作为远程工作者的物质工具，他们变成了真正的电子农民。

像传统农民一样，在同一环境里生活和工作。他们不仅亲手耕耘“土地”，而且收获丰富的脑力资源成果。

然而，没有在第25层楼上的豪华办公室，微型企业家无法证明他们的信誉。无论对和错，人们认为在漂亮的大办公室办公是身份地位的象征。人们想：“如果一个公司能够提供这些，那么，这个公司经营的一定很好”。但是，面对一个人在家中的一间房子里办公时，顾客们倾向于这样想：与他们的接触毕竟不会长远。难道一个在黄金地段拥有一间大办公室的工人才是好的工人么？

事实上，研究表明：家庭工作者一般更加认真地完成任务，并且比在办公室里德同事工作的时间更长。像拥有土地的传统农民一样，他们感觉再为自己工作。

更重要的是，他们不拘泥于计划，当什么时候合适了他们就开始工作。那就意味着他们花一个或者两个小时来陪孩子玩耍，然后熬夜来完成演讲稿，其结果他是一个更加愉快的工作者。

第三章

在1998年年初时，东非本应是最美丽的时候：一般短暂的雨季在十二月份已经结束，水位下降，乡村充满活力；农民种植庄稼，牧民在草地上放牧，游客到处旅游。但今年是不同的，雨季长而且降雨量比较大。在肯尼亚和索马里大部分地区，水蔓延几英里，切断了村庄的联系，迫使牧民将他们的牲畜转移到少数干地上。事情很快变得更糟糕。骆驼、奶牛、绵羊、山羊都开始死于高烧。人也开始得病，一些人暂时性失明，而另一些人流血不止。这种疾病被叫作裂谷热，有蚊子所携带的病毒所致。在非洲，这种疾病每隔几年就会爆发一次——当死水使蚊子大量繁殖时就会爆发，今年裂谷热的爆发也是由于洪水不退引起的。据官方报道至少有89000人得病，其中死亡200人，但是这种病通常不致命。然而牲畜的损失巨大，据牧主称他们损失90%的牲畜。

虽然东非灾难性的洪水已引起世人的关注，但于此同时，别的一些奇怪天气也令人们关注，如不正常的干旱，火灾，暴雨，寒流和热浪。每年都会出现大量反常现象，但今年他们中许多都与太平洋赤道附近的洋面上发生的情况有关，即在1997年的头几个月里洋流和季风开始改变，并且改变了全世界的天气类型。当然，这种天气的改变是厄尔尼诺作用的结果。到1997年底，厄尔尼诺已经众所周知。然而在1988年，厄尔尼诺对全世界的影响达到鼎盛期，它创造了有史以来的最热的天气记录。，除裂谷热外，厄尔尼诺还引起了伤寒、疟疾、登革热等一系列疾病在肯尼亚、柬埔寨、秘鲁和世界其他国家的爆发。

第五章

令人震惊的是宇宙有其自然规律及其法则，这种规律不仅能够定性的而且能够定量概括出其运行规则我们可以想象这样一个宇宙，没有任何规则像我们宇宙一样大由1018基本粒子构成，完全在一种无序的混乱状态下运行，为了了解这个宇宙，我们将需要像这个像宇宙那么大容量的大脑。这样的宇宙似乎也不太可能有生命和智能生物。因为人类和大脑都需要一个稳定且有序的内部结构。但即使在这个非常混乱无序的宇宙中存在比我们高级的智能生物，他们也将不会有太多的知识、激情和喜悦。

幸运的是，我们生活在至少它的重要组成部分是可知的宇宙中。我们常识性的经验和进化史已经让我们去了解到这个世界一些平凡的事情。然而当我们进入其它领域时，常识性的经验和直觉却变得高度不可靠。这是令人震惊的，当我们接近光速时，我们的质量在无限增大，我们的厚度却朝着运动方向零厚度收缩，时间也像我们希望的那样几乎停止。许多人认为这些想法是非常愚蠢的，每一到两星期，我都会收到一封向我质疑的信。但这些确定的事实不仅是实验的结果，也是阿尔伯特爱因斯坦在《相对论》中关于时间和空间的精辟分析的结果。这些影响对于似乎我们不太合理，但这些不重要。我们并没有接近于光速旅行的习惯，在这样的高速运行下，我们的常识也值得怀疑。

这种认为宇宙限制着人类做任何可做的事情的想法是令人沮丧的，为什么我们不能处在中间旋转的位置呢?为什么我们不能超光速旅行呢？但是据我们所知，这就是宇宙的所构筑方式。这种限制不仅使我们在浩瀚的宇宙面前更加渺小，也使整个宇宙更为可知。

第七章

我一直不喜欢作为一个男人。在美国男子气概是可悲的，就像一生穿一件不合体的外套度过一生。甚至 “成为一个男人汉”这样的表述都让我感到侮辱和辱骂。它的意味是：愚蠢，冷漠，顺从，好斗，无思想。男人意味着有男子气概，当考虑男人的时候，怎能不想到男人可怕的勃勃野心呢？然而这时每个男人生命力的一部分。这是一个骇人听闻和极其可怕的谎言。它不仅强调与女人的不同，而且纵容其优越性。从本质上讲，它具有破坏性，既伤害了人与人之间的感情，有危害整个社会。

如果一个年轻人（大部分年轻人都是如此）受到这种概念误导，认为具有男子气概的理想是截然与女人分开，如同野蛮部落的逻辑一样，他终其一生对女人都不了解，认为女人是讨厌的。当然，也有男性所遭受的痛苦折磨的女性版本。它始于一个母亲鼓励小女儿对大人说：“你喜欢我的新裙子吗？”就某种意思来说，女孩一般被教导用彬彬有礼的方式去讨好大人，而男孩则要求像猴子一样顽皮、淘气地面对彼此。一个九岁的俊俏小女孩在微妙的权力游戏中成长为成年女子，她学会依赖男人，打扮入时，并且对男性提出的缺点保持注意力。女人就要像个女人，这需要一个男人作为证明者和诱惑者，而男人气质崇尚独立，与男人为伍。这是荒诞之所在，这也是为什么男人有缺点的原因，因为它否认了男人和女人之间有自然的友谊关系。

很难想象有不轻视女人的男子气概的观念，并且这种观念很早就被灌输。在我到了想跟女孩约会的年纪，也就是13—16的反叛的年龄，我总是被告诉去参加运动，去户外活动，参加童子军，并且不需要读太多的书。

第三篇：研究生英语期末考试close总结

第一章

The web magazine From the Window contains poetry and literature from well-know writes across the global.There are thoughtful articles analyzing the state of the world we live in.there is even a piece from the Secretary General of United States, Kofi Annan.It may come as some surprise to find out that the editor of the magazine is a 12-year-old girl, Joy Nightingale.From the Window won Joy Nightingale the first prize in the 1999 child net International and wireless awards.These are given annually for the best use of the internet by and for young people.And they highlight one of the most welcoming aspects of the virtual world.Children have taken to the Internet as though they are born surfing.Perhaps there is because adults have had to change their understanding of technology while children simply accept it as natural.Whatever the reason, children can be found building web and E-mailing friends across the world while adults are still asking: Tell me again –where exactly is cyberspace?

Of course there is growing concern about the fact that children can travel far away from parental supervision in cyberspace.In response, many parents have installed software packages which prevent access to violent or pornographic web.Children are taking a more positive line.The web is a gateway to a world of education and entertainment.The rapid growth in Internet culture has led analysts to speculate that society will soon be pided between the “information rich” and “information poor”.For child net it is especially important that children at the margins of society through poverty or disability have the chance to take their place as equal citizens in the virtual world.第五章

It is an astonishing fact that there are laws of nature, rules that summarize conveniently-not just qualitatively but quantitatively-how the word works.We might imagine a universe in which there are no such laws, in which the 1080 elementary particles that make up a universe like our own behave with utter and uncompromising abandon.To understand such a universe we would need a brain at least as massive as the universe.It seems unlikely that such a universe could have life and intelligence, because beings and brains require some degree of internal stability and order.But even if in a much more random universe there were such beings with an intelligence much greater than our own, there could not be much knowledge, passion or joy.Fortunately for us, we live in a universe that has at least important parts that are knowable.Our common-sense experience and our evolutionary history have prepared us to understand something of the workaday world.When we go into other realms, however, common sense and ordinary intuition turn out to be highly unreliable guides.It is stunning that as we go close to the speed of light, our mass increases indefinitely, we shrink toward zero thickness in the direction of motion, and time for us comes as near to stopping as we would like.Many people think that this is silly, and every week or two I get a letter from someone who complains to me about it.But it is virtually certain consequence not just of experiment but also of Albert Einstein‟s brilliant analysis of space and time called the Theory of Relatively.It does not matter that these effects seem unreasonable to us.We are not in the habit of traveling close to the speed of light.The testimony of our common sense is suspect at high velocities.The idea that the world places restrictions on what humans might do is frustrating.Why shouldn‟t we be able to have intermediate rotational positions? Why can‟t we travel faster than the speed of light? But so far as we can tell, this is the way the universe is constructed.Such prohibitions not only press us toward a little humility;they also make the world more knowable.When 1988 began,East Africa should have been at its most beautiful:normally the short rainy season ends in December , the rivers subside , and the country sparkles;farmers raise crops , animals graze , tourists go on safaris.But this year was different.The rains were heavy and long.The water spread out for miles in places in Kenya and Somalia , cutting off village and forcing herders to ctowd with their livestock onto a few patches of dry land.Things quickly turned ugly.Camels , cows , sheep , and goats all started dying of violent fevers.Some people , too，began to get sick.Some went temporarily blind ；others began bleeding uncontrollably.The disease was Rift Valley fever，caused by an obscure mosquito borne virus.It pops up every few years in Africa when standing water encourages mosquito eggs to hatch--this year‟s huge floods brought a spectacular outbreak.According to official estimates , at least 89，000 people caught the disease.Two hundred died，but then the disease is not usually fatal to humans.Animal losses，however，were almost certainly vast--owners reported losing up to 90 percent of their herds.Yet catastrophic as the East African floods were，they had to jostle for the world„s attention with other cases of strange weather---with unusual occurrences of droughts，fires，rains，cold snaps，and heat waves.Every year brings its own grab bag of such anomalies，but this year many of them could be linked to a phenomenon in the empty expanses of the equatorial Pacific--a change in the ocean currents and winds that began in the early months of 1997 and that altered weather patterns around the world.The change in the weather was , of course , the work of E1 Nino.By the end of 1997 , E1 Nino had already become a celebrity of sorts.In 1998, however , E1 Nino's effects on the world came into full flower.It helped make the year the hottest ever recorded.In addition to Rift Valley fever , E1 Nino has been linked to an upsurge in diseases ranging from choler to malaria to dengue fever ,in Kenya , Cambodia , Peru ,and other countries scattered around the globe.第七章

I have always disliked being a man, The whole idea of manhood in America is pitiful, a little like having to wear an ill-fitting coat for one‟s entire life.Even the expression “Be a man!” strikes me as insulting and abusive.It means: Be stupid, be unfeeling, obedient and soldierly, and stop thinking.Man means“manly”-how can one think“about men”without considering the terrible ambition of manliness? And yet it is part of every man‟s life.It is a hideous and crippling lie;it not only insists on difference and connives at superiority,It is also by its very nature destructive-emotionally damaging and socially harmful.The youth who is subverted, as most are, into believing in the masculine ideal is effectively separated from women –it is the most savage tribal logic and he spends the rest of his life finding women a riddle and a nuisance.Of course, there is a female version of this male affliction.It begins with mothers encouraging little girls to say(to other adults), “ Doyou like my new dress?” In a sense, Girls are traditionally urged to please adults with a kind of coquettishness, while boys are enjoined to behave like monkeys toward each other.The-9-year-old coquette proceeds to become womanish in a subtle power game in which she learns to be sexually indispensable, socially decorative and always alert to a man‟s sense of inadequacy.Femininity-being ladylike –implies needing a man as witness and seducer;but masculinity celebrates the exclusive company of men.That is why it is so grotesque;and that is also why there is no manliness without inadequacy –because it denies men the natural friendship of women.It is very hard to imagine any concept of manliness that does not belittle women, and it begins very early.At an age when I wanted to meet girls –let‟s say the treacherous years of 13 to 16-I was told to take up a sport , get more fresh air, join the Boy Scouts, and I was urged not to read so much

Late next century, when scholars are scripting the definitive history of the PC,these last few years of high-octane growth may actually be depicted as the Dark Ages.Historians will marvel at how we toiled in front of monolithic ,beige BUBs(big ugly boxes),suffering under the oppressive glare of cathode-ray tubes while our legs scraped against the 30-pound towers beneath our desks.They may also mark 1999 as the start of the PC renaissance ,when manufacturers finally started to get it :This holiday season, computer shoppers will enjoy unprecedented variety in shapes, sizes and colors-and not just in Apple‟s groundbreaking line of translucent iMacs and iBooks.Nearly every major PC maker now has innovative desktop designs on the way to market,from hourglass-sculpted towers to flat-panel displays with all the processing innards packed into the base.Among industrial designers,who still think the PC has a long way before you‟ll want to display it on your mantle ,the only question is ,what took so long? “The PC industry has ridiculed design for a long time,”says Hartmut Esslinger ,founder of Frog Design.“They have not respected their customers and have underestimated their desires.”

PC makers are finally catching on-and it‟s partly out of desperation.Manufacturers used to sell computer by trumpeting their techno bells and whistles,like processor speed and memory.But since ever-faster chips have given us more power on the desktop than we could ever possibly use, computer makers have been competing on price-a strategy that has dropped most units below $1000 and slashed profits.Last week IBM limped from the battlefield ,announcing it would pull its lagging Aptiva line from store shelves and sell it only on the web.Competing only on price “made an industry shakeout inevitable”, says Nick Donatiello,president of the marketing-research firm Odyssey.第九章

A symbol is not the same thing as a sign;that is a fact that psychologists and philosophers often overlook.All intelligent animals use signs,So do we.To them as well as to us sounds and smells and motions are signs of good ,danger ,the presence of other beings,or of rain or storm..Furthermore some animals not only attend to signs but also produce them for the benefits of others.Dogs bark at the door to be let in;rabbits thump to call each other;the cooing of doves and the growl of wolf are unequivocal signs of feelings and intention to be reckoned with by other creatures.We use signs just as animals do,though with considerably more elaboration.We stop at red lights and go on green;we answer calls and bells,watch the sky for coming storms,read trouble or promise or anger in each other’s eyes.That is animal intelligence raised to the human level.Those of us who are dog lovers can probably all tell wonderful stories of how high our dogs have sometimes risen in the scale of clever sign interpretation and sign using.A sign is anything that announces the existence or the imminence of some events,the presence of a thing or a person ,or a changes in the state of affairs.There are signs of the weather ,signs of danger,signs of danger ,signs of future good or evil,signs of what the past expected in experience.It is always a part of the situation to which it refers ,though the reference may be remote in space and time.A symbol differs from a sign in that it dose not announce the presence of the object,the being ,condition,but merely brings this thing to mind.A sign cause us to or act in face of the signified,whereas a symbol causes us to think about the thing symbolized.A sign is always embedded in reality,but a symbol may be porced from reality althogether.It may refer to a mere idea,or a dream.

第四篇：研究生英语课后作文

Nothing Succeeds like the Appearance of Success

Everyone's life fills with success and failure from birth to death but some people always get more chances of success.Are they really born to be winners? No, of course not!Nothing succeeds like the appearance of success!

We often make a value judgment about strangers within the initial stages of encounters.Invariably people will take into account the persons appearance, clothing, manners, as well as personal attitudes such as eye contact and verbal aptitude.So, we can see how important a winning image is.I'll tell you why I'm so firm.I have a high school classmate, he did not go to college, but success for his effort.But in the early stages of his new enterprises，he has also repeatedly failed，until he found the key to success.He told me that society is cruel and it wouldn’t give you any encouragement, opposite, it will continue to dent your confidence.When his first interview, his slovenly dress let him lost the job.We have to admit that the first impression mostly base on this base, most people judge people only by the first appearance.Now, he has been a assistant of the manager, a winning image play a good role in his success.I think what he said is reasonable.Success require many factors but winners mostly possess such characters：Active optimism, Dress properly, Keep passionate.I hope that we have all of these qualities already when we come into the society.

第五篇：当代研究生英语下册第八单元课文翻译

UNIT8

Sometime in the early 1990s, a con man named Scott Clinton Gilbert visited a resume and printing shop in Las Vegas.His bill came to $ 185.30', and he paid in his usual fashion: He lied.大约在20世纪90代初的某一天，一位名叫斯科特·克林顿·吉尔泊特的骗子来到位于拉斯维加斯的一家简历和印刷商店，他的账单总数为185.3美元。然后他以自己常用的方式付帐：欺骗。

Gilbert charged his purchase under the name “Robert Hartle”.If anyone had questioned.Gilbert's true identity, the scam artist was more than ready.He had obtained a “Robert Hartle” driver's license, Social Securjty2 cardlater found to be Gilbertthe victim's Social Security numberwith my credit,“ says Frank, now an advocate for tougher identity theft laws.”She got a driver's license with my name.“

弗兰克得到的第一个线索是身份盗贼已经用她的名义盗走了5万美元。她说：“盗贼已用我的存款买了一辆红色野马牌敞篷车，现正四处行驶，驾照上使用的是我的名字。” 弗兰克现在正积极倡导制定更为严厉的法律惩罚身份盗窃。

The thief in Frank's case was anything but sophisticated.She got Frank's credit report by saying she was a private investigator.To get the Toys ”R“ Us card, Frank says, the woman had simply crossed out her own name on the application and written in ”Mari Frank“.弗兰克案件中的盗窃一点也不复杂，罪犯只要说自己是个私人投资者就可以得到弗兰克的信用。弗兰克报告。弗兰克说要得到“玩具之家”卡，这个女人只要在申请表上划去她自已的名字，然后写上“玛丽·弗兰克”就行了。

Another victim-turned-advocate is Jessica Grant, who also was shocked to find out how unprotected she was.Grant, a pension manager in Sun Prairie, Wis., had always used credit sparingly.But when she and her husband tried to refinance their home in December 1997, they found that an imposter had run up about $ 60,000 worth of debt in Grant's name.另一个由受害者变为提倡严格法律的人是杰西卡·格兰特。她也吃惊地发现自己是那么轻易地受到了侵犯。格兰特是威斯康星州一家“阳光牧场”公司的养老金经理，很少用信用卡。但当她和丈夫在1997年12月准备为住房再筹资金时，发现有人以格兰特的名义冒用了 6万美金。

The thief, who lived in Texas, had opened 19 separate accounts.In some cases, the impostor got credit in Grant's name despite submitting applications with a residence and employer that didn't match Grant's.这个窃贼住在得克萨斯州，已经开了19个不同的账户。有些时候，尽管在她所交的申请表上出现的住处、雇主信息与格兰特的不相符合，她还是以格兰特的名义得到了存款。

”That's the part of it that just infuriates me, “ Grant says.is There was just so much information that could have beenquestioned.But it never was.”

格兰特说：“正是这一点使我愤怒。原本有那么多的疑点可以或应该去质疑，但却没有

人这么做。”

Like Hartle, both Frank and Grant found that local police did not consider them to be victims of crime.Both took their cases to federal(aw enforcementwhere they found good news and bad news.与哈特尔的情形相同，弗兰克和格兰特也发现当地警方认为她们不是此罪行的受害者她们两人都将案件提交联邦立法机构——联邦调查局以及美国特工处，在那里她们既听到了好消息，也听到了坏消息。

Federal law does prohibit the fraudulent misuse of identification, band cards and Social Security numbers.联邦法律确实有条款禁止诈骗性地盗用身份证、银行卡和社会保险卡号。

But.Frank and Grant both say, federal investigators told them they deal only with multistate fraud rings and cases worth upward of $ 200,000.Their cases didn't qualify.但是弗兰克和格兰特都说联邦调查员告诉他们，调查局只处理多州之间的诈骗集团案，或金额达20万美元以上的案件，而她们两人的案件都不符合以上条件。

For the feds, it's a predicament, says James Bauer, a deputy assistant director in the Secret Service and proponent of tougher identity theft laws.For example, Bauer's office is shutting down a fraud ring in which the thieves used stolen identities to buy cars, then cleverly leveraged their bounty.The thieves would take the car out of state, sell it, use the money to make a down payment on a house, then take out second mortgages on the house.詹姆斯·鲍尔是特工部的代理副主任，他力主制定严厉打击身份盗窃的法律。可是眼下他认为对于联邦调查人员来说，处境也很为难。比如，鲍尔的办公室正在打击一个诈骗集，他们用偷来的身份买汽车，然后再巧妙地处理赃款。他们会将汽车运出所在的州，然后卖掉它，再用获得的钱付住房的首付款，最后取出房子的第二笔抵押金。

“Multiply that times the 36 cars that we know about so far, and it amounts to literally millions of dollars, ” Bauer says.鲍尔说：“目前我们所知道的车是36辆，如果再乘以那个倍数，实际金额可达上百万美元。”

But while the feds have struggled to crack those sorts of operations, relatively small fish like Scott Gilbert have wriggled free.就在联邦调查局人员尽力打击以上犯罪行为时，总是有像斯科特·吉尔泊特这样的小鱼会漏网。