第一篇：英文作文 - 谁应改为“责任”下定义

Who should define what is “responsible”(or “good”)is?

I advocate the idea that an external party outside of the organization should define responsibility.Only in this way can responsibility be defined and measured in the most impartial manner.Responsibility defined by a man himself or by the collective tends to be biased and often centered upon his/their private motives.A man or a collective defined responsibility based on his/their own values and principles and hence failed to take into account what the society expected of him/them.In other words, a man or a collective often consider only his/their own interest when attempting to define responsibility on his/their own and this frequently lead to undesirable impacts on the society.For example, in the past when many countries were under the monarchy rule, responsibility was defined solely by the ruler himself.He was free to use his powers to control the nation’s wealth and the life and death of his subjects.And throughout history, we saw many incompetent and irresponsible rulers, such as the last emperor of Tang dynasty in china, who used his power on womanizing and maintaining his luxury life instead of taking care of his people, leading to the fall of Tang dynasty.On the other hand, when responsibility is defined by an external party, it ensures the reliable interpretation and use of power.Detached from the collective physically and emotionally, a third party is more likely to define responsibility fairly and stringently, matching moral values and ethics uphold by the society.A guideline measured against expectation of society is usually present to ensure responsible use of power.An illustrative example to explain this point will be the recent corruption scandal of former Taiwanese president Chen Shui Bian.Based on his own moral standard, he may not feel guilty for his actions since he is merely acting on his basic instinct to keep what he deserved.Under social standard, however, the Taiwanese interpreted his action as corruption of national wealth and is morally wrong and unacceptable.Because he has illegally manipulated wealth belonging to the society, Chen has failed to use his powers responsibility.Hence, the presence of an external party will ensure and guide the responsible use of power and therefore responsibility should be defined by and subjected to the scrutiny of an external third party.

第二篇：保修期满房屋漏雨责任应谁负

保修期满房屋漏雨责任应谁负

随着雨季的到来，物业管理企业经常遇到保修期已满的房屋由于漏雨而造成室内装修及物品损坏的情况。业主一是要求物业管理公司对漏雨房屋进行修缮，二是要求赔偿受损物品。如果处理不当，极易发生纠纷。各物业管理公司处理方法各有不同，有的动用维修基金维修；有的用物业管理服务费进行维修；有的直接让业主摊钱修理。至于对业主所造成损失的赔偿问题，更没有统一的处理方法。

如果用维修基金进行修复，建设部、财政部印发的《住宅共用部位共用设施设备维修基金管理办法》中规定：“维修基金的使用执行《物业管理企业财务管理规定》，专项用于住宅共用部位、共用设施设备保修期满后的大修、更新、改造”。但屋顶维修虽属共用部位，但够不上大修标准，也谈不上更新、改造，按规定不符合使用维修基金的标准。如果用物业管理服务费来进行维修，《城市住宅小区物业管理服务收费暂行办法》第二条规定：“物业管理服务费是指物业管理单位接受物业产权人、使用人委托对城市住宅小区内的房屋建筑及其设备、公共设施、绿化、卫生、交通治安和环境容貌等项目开展日常维护、修缮、整治服务及提供其它与居民生活相关的服务所收取的费用”。可以看出业主所交物业费中应包括房屋建筑的日常维护、修缮整治等费用。但本办法的第八条住宅小区公共性服务收费的费用构成中仅在第二项中规定了公共设施、设备日常运行、维修及保养费，未提到房屋建筑的日常维护和修缮，与第二条的规定不能统一。因此在具体实施过程中无法进行参照。

让各户业主直接分摊费用进行维修。在没有向业主收取维修基金的情况下还可以让业主接受，而对于业主已交纳了维修基金和物业管理服务费的，则很难找到合理的收费依据。

针对上述情况，请贵刊帮忙对保修期已满房屋漏雨维修的费用应该由何处列支，物业管理公司该不该承担损坏物品的赔偿责任，这两个问题予以解答。廊坊市华夏物业管理有限公司 居律师解答：

首先需要解决的问题，不是维修的费用应该由何处列支的问题，而是谁负有维修义务的问题。只有先解决谁负有维修义务的问题，才能解决维修的费用应该由何处列支和物业管理企业该不该承担赔偿责任的问题。

对保修期已满的房屋或共用部位承担维修义务的人，在下列两种不同的情况下分别是开发商和全体业主。如果漏雨的原因是房屋或共用部位的质量不符合质量要求而且业主在两年的保修期内向开发商提出过质量异议，那么，对房屋或共用部位负有维修义务的，是开发商。开发商承担维修义务，是开发商基于与购房人之间的房屋买卖合同关系对购房人承担义务。

如果漏雨的原因不是共用部位的质量不符合质量要求，或者，虽然漏雨的原因是共用部位的质量不符合质量要求，但业主没有在两年的保修期内向开发商提出过质量异议，那么，对共用部位负有维修义务的，是全体业主（包括开发商在内）。全体业主承担维修义务，是每一个业主基于与其他业主之间的财产共有关系对其他业主承担义务。在业主委员会成立之前，开发商代表全体业主行使对共有财产的权利、承担对共有财产的义务。对共用部位等共有财产的维修，开发商作为全体业主的代表应首先履行这一义务。在开发商履行这一义务后，因维修而发生的费用由全体业主共同承担。

以上两种情况，分别是开发商对购房人承担的义务和开发商作为全体业主的代表应首先履行的义务。前者不属于物业管理，后者属于物业管理。开发商一般将这两种情况下的维修义务都委托给物业管理企业完成。但是，在开发商与物业管理企业签订的委托合同中，双方一般都不对房屋或共用部位的维修做上述两种区分，维修费用如何列支就成为物业管理企业不知如何解决的问题，也使得业主不加区分地将矛头全部指向物业管理企业。所以，物业管理企业在与开发商签订委托合同时或者从现在开始，应当与开发商在合同中分清楚哪些不属于物业管理、哪些属于物业管理。不属于物业管理的，维修费用应当由开发商单独支付，不得在维修基金或物业管理服务费中列支或者让业主分摊；属于物业管理的，另当别论。所谓另当别论，是指：有共有财产收益的，维修费用应首先在共有财产的收益中列支；没有共有财产的收益或在共有财产的收益中列支后的不足部分，因材料的更换或添加发生的费用应当在维修基金中列支，服务费用应当在物业管理服务费中列支。

对《住宅共用部位共用设施设备维修基金管理办法》和《城市住宅小区物业管理服务收费暂行办法》中使用的“大修”、“修缮”、“维修”进行法律概念上的区分以试图将三者分别与“维修基金”和“物业管理服务费”对号入座是行不通的。在“大修”、“修缮”、“维修”之间，无法划分明确的界限，立“法”者也无意将三者做不同的概念使用。按照《合同法》以及会计和税务方面的规定，对维修费用进行“材料的费用”和“服务费（即报酬）”的区分才是必需的。无论是“大修”、“修缮”、“维修”，都包含“材料的费用”和“服务费”两个部分。“材料的费用”部分，由委托人预付或受托人垫付，是应当由委托人承担的，计入委托人和受托人之间的资金往来，受托人不会因为“材料的费用”的收支纳税。“服务费”部分，是受托人的营业所得，受托人应当交纳这部分的营业税和所得税。

由于上述两种情况下承担维修义务的人都是开发商，对业主的赔偿责任应当由开发商承担。开发商将不属于物业管理的维修义务或属于物业管理的维修义务委托给物业管理企业面物业管理企业没有尽到维修义务的，均视为开发商没有尽到维修义务，开发商应先行赔偿业主的损失。开发商在对业主承担赔偿责任以后，可以根据物业管理企业是否存在违约行为以及物业管理企业的违约行为是否与损害结果之间存在因果联系决定是否要求物业管理企业承担违约责任。物业管理企业对业主不承担任何赔偿责任。

上述答案完全出自于法律的设计。现实中，由于税收和会计方面对物业管理企业的监管无力，要求物业管理 企业按照法律的设计列支维修费用所获得的非法利益远远大于其违法行为面临的风险和付出的成本，选择法律设计的相反方向列支维修费用对于物业管理企业来说可能更为“正确”。由于物业管理企业与开发商之间的特殊关系，按照法律的设计在物业管理企业和开发商之间进行责任的划分对于物业管理企业和开发商来说可能都没有实际意义，或许，物业管理企业将业主的矛头引向自己而不是引向开发商，更符合物业管理企业和开发商的共同利益和长远利益。

答疑律师：北京市天为律师事务所资深律师 居永和

第三篇：英文作文 --- 权利和责任

Power and responsibility

An example of a situation of irresponsible use of power is illustrated by the misuse of earthquake relief funds by corrupted government in Sichuan, China.Instead of using it to rebuild the home of the civilians who are affected by the earthquake, local government misused these funds.For

example, nearly 10 million was spent on reconstructing a luxurious, resort-like town house, which the Chinese netizens described as “too extravagant for a town house”.The source of power, in this case, is position power exercise by the authority.The Sichuan local government, been the leader and representation of its district, were given complete control of the relief funds as to where and how it is spent.Despite being entrusted with the responsibility to make good use of the relief funds to improve the lives of the victims of the earthquake, the government had failed to meet the

expectation and trust of the donors and victims.Thus, power is been abused and used irresponsibly.Conversely, responsible use of power is credited when power is put into good use.I am particularly impressed at the way the captain of my touch rugby team in my JC days used her authority as a captain to motivate the team members.Her source of power is a combination of position and personal power.As the captain of the team, she is trusted and dependent on by her teammates.Using her influence to encourage everyone when the team moral is low, this represents a situation in which power is been used approvingly.Thus, in conclusion, irresponsible use of power happens when power exercised brought

disappointment to the supporters of the source of the power.But when the use of power brings benefits and meets the expectation of its supporters, power is been exercised responsibly.

第四篇：天下兴亡,谁的责任？

天下兴亡，我的责任

“天下兴亡，我的责任。”第一次无意间看到这句话时，很吃惊，是谁敢这么大肆扬言天下之责在自己身上？天下的兴衰，怎是你一个人能掌控的了的？

看了那篇文章后，不禁深想：“天下兴亡，匹夫有责。”自从古人说过这句名言后，我们听得有些年头了，仍记得在很多场合、很多时候，听了都会下意识地鼓掌，而且每每出于某种目的——为了向旁人证明什么吧!拍得生疼，拍的麻木，似乎是掌声愈大愈能体现我们的情感。作为民族的一分子，我常常心虚地质问自己，除了拍巴掌，我做过什么？

“匹夫”的含义是什么呢？“天下兴亡，匹夫有责。”这好比在高考中，为每一位考生加五十分，结果如何呢？

仍记得孩童时，在谈及未来的理想时，总是骄傲地说长大后要为祖国、为社会做贡献；在作文里也常常自诩为祖国的花朵，未来的栋梁之才；提及“爱国”时，脑中会机械的闪现“热爱祖国、爱人民、爱中国空产党……”这一类话语。这些似乎早已潜移默化的扎根于我们的心中。

随着年龄的成长，我们对那片飘扬着五星红旗的土地有了进一步了解，是那课本上一遍遍地讴歌的英雄事迹、是那些频频出现在光辉史册上的伟人的名字，我们对他们充满了崇拜与敬仰，同时，也不断感慨，时势造英雄！是啊，21世纪的我们和他们比较起来，少了些他们“位卑不敢忘忧国”的感人肺腑之语；少了些他们“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”矢志不渝的报国之志；少了些他们“苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之”刻骨铭心的报国之情；少了些他们“报国之心，死而后已”可歌可泣的爱国之行。但是，我们也能和他们一样，能和他们一样都拥有一颗赤诚之心。

作为学习者，拥有对学校的敬畏，遵守校内各项校规制度，拥有对老师的敬畏，认真听好每一堂课、完成每次的学习任务。这何尝不是“天下兴亡，我的责任。”的表现。作为从业者，拥有对工作的敬畏，爱岗敬业，做好分内之事，拥有对职业道德的敬畏，不挟私欲，诚实守信，者又何尝不是“天下兴亡，我的责任。”的表现。作为炎黄子孙的每一个人，拥有对中华民族文化的敬畏，拥有对祖国大好河山的敬畏，爱我们各族同胞的灿烂文化、爱护路边的一花一草、爱护房前的一砖一瓦……这何尝不是“天下兴亡，我的责任。”淋漓精致的表达！、提倡公民道德、弘扬爱国精神，并不是非要等到每年的道德建设月，每年的国庆日，讲道德，谈爱国，月月都是道德月，天天都是爱国日。它们应该是作为一种我们的本能来彰显！

体现在我们生活的一丝一缕、行动的点点滴滴。面对学习上的错误，勇敢的说“我的责任！”，面对工作上的纰漏，坦诚地说“我的责任！”，面临失误、挫败……都应该大声地说“我的责任！”

现在，再次看到“天下兴亡，我的责任。”这句话时，有了更多的敬畏与责任，是的，天下兴亡，我的责任！

伊利师范学院

教育科学系杨徐

第五篇：责任英文演讲稿

Hello, everyone.I’m just so glad that all could join us today, and I’m very happy to share my opinions about responsibility.On September 8th 2009, that is the first day of school.The president of the United States, Barack Obama made a public speech named “we are what we learn” on Wakefield high school in Arlington, Virginia.Students from all across America from kindergarten through 12th grade were watching the live broadcast.Obama told all the students “Parents responsibility is to make their children stay on track and get their homework done not spend every working hour in front of TV or with the Xbox.The government’s responsibility is to set high standard and support teacher and principals and turn around schools that aren’t working.However, the students’ responsibility to itself is to discover what his/her talent is, what he/she can be through hard work”.So be responsible for yourself, in other words, it means responsible for your country.Then what is responsibility? in my opinion, it means we do things that we have to do faithfully.When I was 12 years old, I have to work hard to live up to my parents expectations of me.When I was 18 years old, I wanted to the harbor for my family to draw away sorrow and give them happiness.Now, with the increase in age, people play multiple roles.As a member of family, we should repay our parents’ selfless upbringing.As a member of society, we should obey the rules and commit to social justice.As a intelligence in the planet, we should care for the environmental protection and live in harmony with animals.There is a famous saying that locks in my mind: “everyone is a star in the vast universe to play its invaluable role through its unique function”.Don’t shift your responsibility onto some people in high place.It has nothing to do with how much money you have or what the level of your authority.It is the vast majority of ordinary people that account the big part of our human beings.If everyone shoulders the responsibility consciously, the world will become more beautiful, crime rate will be greatly reduced, clean and fresh air will be reproduced, relationships will be more harmonious.Everyone can and should be a responsible one.