第一篇：原创大学英语短文：《全球气候变暖带来的影响》

The Effects of Global Warming

Nowadays,our world is becoming hotter and hotter.And we called it“Global Warming”which is to describe the rise of temperature.The Global Warming has two sides of effect to the world’s creature.First,the Global Warming means there is more carbon dioxide in our

atmosphere.So some plants can grow faster and stronger than before.This is its good effect.But on the other hand,the Global Warming will bring us more disasters than fortune.Because of the more and more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,the earth’s temperature is rising day by day.The high temperature will cause many serious problems.Like the ice of Antarctica and Arctic Ocean begin to melting.After that happen, the height of sea level will lift.Then some terrible disasters will coming,like tsunami and so on.Maybe some countries,for example like Japan and some coastal cities will be submersed.One reason of Global Warming is that too much industrial emissions and poisonous gases which were made by human beings vented to our atmosphere.Especially methane and carbon dioxide.These gases make the temperature rise day afteer day.And that will cause many natural

disasters.Like tsunami,flood, drought and so on.Finally ,if we don’t stop, the world will become a death world without lives.Our fate will like the dinosaurs.Another main reason of Global Warming is the fast growing of

the world’s population.So if we don’t control the speed of growing population,the situation will be worse.So is it already too late to prevent the Global Warming?I think it is still not too late.If we plant more trees,produce less greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide,and to control the growing of population.The situation of Global Warming will be better.And we must to do it first in our daily lives.Go to work by bus or on foot I think,is the best way to prevent the worse situation ofGlobal Warming.

第二篇：全球气候变暖影响英文版

1．One of the effects of global warming is the destruction of many important ecosystems.Changing and erratic climate conditions will put our ecosystems to the test, the increase in carbon dioxide will increase the problem.The evidence is clear that global warming and climate change affects physical and biological systems.There will be effects to land, water, and life.Already today, scientists are seeing the effects of global warming on coral reefs, many have been bleached and have died.This is due to warmer ocean waters, and to the fact that some species of plants and animals are simply migrating to better suited geographical regions where water temperatures are more suitable.Melting ice sheets are also making some animals migrate to better regions.This effects the ecosystems in which these plants and animals live.Several climate models have been made and they predict more floods(big floods), drought, wildfires, ocean acidification, and the eventual collapse of many ecosystems throughout the world both on land and at sea.There have been forecasts of things like famine, war, and social unrest, in our days ahead.These are the types of effects global warming could have on our planet.2．Another important effect that global warming will bring is the loss and endangerment of many species.Did you know that 30 percent of all plant and animal species alive in the world today are at risk of extinction by the year 2050 if average temperatures rise more than 2 to 11.5 degrees Fahrenheit.These mass extinctions will be due to a loss of habitat through desertification, deforestation, and ocean warming.Many plants and animals will also be affected by the inability to adapt to our climate warming.Some species will survive though because they will migrate to other parts of the world where they can survive.A good example of that happening is the red fox that has already done it.The red fox used to live mainly in North America, but has migrated now to the Arctic.People like you and me are also in danger, people living in coastal areas will be badly hit if sea levels rise.Desertification will also be a problem for humans, food may become scarce.3．One very disappointing effect of global warming is war and conflicts.With a decline in the amounts of quality food, water, and land, it could bring an increase in global security threats, and war.Take the country Sudan for example, in that region global warming has played an important role.There is conflict in Sudan, global warming is not the only cause, but it has played its part.The roots of the problem in Sudan can be traced back to climate change, and the scarcity of natural resources.The conflict in Sudan started during a time of intense drought.Scientists and military analysts are predicting that climate change and the devastation it causes could bring war and conflict.When sufficient amounts of water and food are running short that is when war can come about.What this brings to light is the fact that ecological crisis and violence are both linked.4．Economic calamities are another effect that global warming could bring.Take hurricane Katrina for example, one thing that climate change does is that it brings us more extreme storms like Katrina.Hurricane Katrina resulted in millions and millions of dollars in damage.When severe storms and floods occur, crops, homes, businesses, and more all fail, and that costs a lot of money, and it hurts the economy.When severe floods occur you also need to make sure that the threat of disease is controlled.Hurrican Katrina resulted in 135$ billion in property damage.That really hurt the economy that year.When severe weather does damage it can also raise the price of insurance, and this hurts the everyday person.Cleaning up a disaster area also costs a lot of money.If too many extreme storms hit in a certain time frame the impact on the economy can be disastrous.5．Drought is an effect of global warming that we are already seeing right now.Many countries are finding that they are currently receiving more storms and rising waters, while other countries are suffering from drought.As the climate of the Earth warms, experts from Scientific American predict that drought conditions could increase by as much as 66 percent.Drought will mean a shrinking water supply and a decrease in crops.Drought can mean a danger for global food production and supply.This also mean that several countries experiencing drought could have a major famine on their hands.Currently, India, Pakistan, and some parts of Africa are already experiencing droughts.It is sad to say but experts are predicting that it will get much worse.One important effect global warming is having on our planet, is that it is producing more intense storms and floods.When you look at the scientific data concerning storms and floods in the last 30 years, you will see that category 4 and 5 hurricanes have nearly doubled in occurence.What many people don't know or realize is that warm waters give hurricanes their strenght and power.Many scientists today are associating the increase in ocean and atmospheric temperatures to the rate of violent storms.Between the years 1905 and 2005 the frequency of hurricanes has been on the rise.From 1905 to 1930 there were an average of 3.5 hurricanes per year, 5.1 between 1931 and 1994, and 8.4 between

1995 and 2005.In 2005 there was a record number of tropical storms that came about, and in 2007 the worst flooding in 60 years hit Britain.More recently, Australia has seen the worst flooding they have had in a long time.6．Heat waves are also an effect of global warming.It is no secret that temperatures are breaking records in the US and Canada and abroad.More extremely hot summer days are in store for North America and elsewhere if global warming continues unabated.Here are some heat waves facts for you: air pollution in urban areas could get worse with the increased heat.This could result in more people having heart attacts, strokes, and asthma attacks.Children, the elderly, poor, and people of color are more vulnerable to the effects of a heat wave.Scientists have confirmed that the frequency and duration of heat waves has definitely increased by a lot over the last 50 years.7．One obvious effect of global warming is the shrinking of glaciers, this is happening wherever there are glaciers worldwide.Mountain glaciers have been in retreat for a long time now as global warming continues to effect us.What many people don't realize though is that it is happening more rapidly now then previously believed.Glaciers don't only recede they also shrink vertically.The lakes this melting produces can also lead to more melting.These lakes are like a cancer that is consuming our world's glaciers.Here is a fact that may surprise you: Even if all the world's mountain glaciers were to melt, the effect on sea levels would be small.However, the disappearance of mountain glaciers would have other impacts on nature aside from raising sea levels.8．Global warming will also bring a rising of sea levels around the world.As glaciers and polar ice sheets melt, the sea levels will rise more and more, and the sea temperatures will also warm.This means more hurricanes, and more flooding due to the rise of the sea level.The Effects of Global Warming Nowadays,our world is becoming hotter and hotter.And we called it“GlobalWarming”which is to describe the rise of temperature.The Global Warming has two sides of effect to the world’s creature.First,the Global Warming means there is more carbon dioxide in our atmosphere.So some plants can grow faster and stronger than before.This is its good effect.But on the other hand,the Global Warming will bring us more disasters than fortune.Because of the more and more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,the earth’s temperature is rising day by day.The high temperature will cause many serious problems.Like the ice of Antarctica and Arctic Ocean begin to melting.After that happen, the height of sea level will lift.Then some terrible disasters will coming,like tsunami and so on.Maybe some countries,for example like Japan and some coastal cities will be submersed.One reason of Global Warming is that too much industrial emissions and poisonous gases which were made by human beings vented to our atmosphere.Especially methane and carbon dioxide.These gases make the temperature rise day afteerday.And that will cause many natural disasters.Liketsunami,flood, drought and so on.Finally ,if we don’t stop, the world will become a death world without lives.Our fate will like the dinosaurs.Another main reason of Global Warming is the fast growing of

the world’s population.So if we don’t control the speed of growing population,the situation will be worse.So is it already too late to prevent the Global Warming?I think it is still not too late.If we plant more trees,produce less greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide,and to control the growing of population.The situation of Global Warming will be better.And we must to do it first in our daily lives.Go to work by bus or on foot I think,is the best way to prevent the worse situation of Global Warming.全球气温变暖的主要原因： 人类活动对气候变化肯定是有变化和影响的。人类燃烧煤、油、天然气和树木，产生大量二氧化碳和甲烷进入大气层后使地球升温，大气中二氧化碳排放量增加是造成地球气候变暖的根源。

The main reason for global warming: human activities definitely have an impact on climate change.Human burns coal, oil, natural gas which produced a large amount of carbon dioxide and methane, and it warmed the earth.The cause of global warming is the increased carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere.造 成的危害:首先是自然生态会发生变化；土地荒漠化，森林退向极地，雨量增加，冬天更湿，夏天更旱，旱涝灾害增加，热带将酷热无比，人类难以生存。其次是两极冰块大面积熔化，使海平面上升，那将使生活在沿海的占世界 1/3的人口无家可归，世界许多港口城市 淹没于一片汪洋之中。

Harms: first, to change the natural ecology;land desertification, forest back to the polar regions, increased rainfall in winter, wetter, more droughts in summer, increased droughts and floods, tropical would be extremely hot, human difficult to survive.Second, the melting polar ice, a large area, so that sea level rise, which will live in coastal areas of the world's 1 / 3 of the population homeless, many of the world port city submerged in a sea of.Harms: first, to change the natural ecology;land desertification, forest back to the polar regions, increased rainfall in winter, wetter, more droughts in summer, increased droughts and floods, tropical would be extremely hot, human difficult to survive.Second, the melting polar ice, a large area, so that sea level rise, which will live in coastal areas of the world's 1 / 3 of the population homeless, many of the world port city submerged in a sea of.由于人类活动的影响，中国的气候在 21世纪将继续明显变暖，其中中国北方冬天的变暖趋势最为明显。

作为对比，过去100年中，中国的升温幅度仅为0.5℃到0.8℃。

由于气候暖干，三江平原湿地资源及生物多样性都将减少，濒危物种增加，大面积沼泽湿地将变成草甸湿地。

长江三角洲附近的湿地，则将受到海平面上升的威胁，导致面积减少，质量下降，潮滩地被淹没和侵蚀。

由于气温上升，导致黄河和内陆河地区的蒸发量可能增长15%左右，北方水资源短缺以及南方的洪涝灾害都将加剧。

温度升高导致冻土融化，也会影响到青藏铁路的安全。

As the impact of human activities, the climate in the 21st century China will continue to significantly warmer, which in winter warming trend in northern China the most obvious.In contrast, over the past 100 years, China's temperature rise of only 0.5 ℃ to 0.8 ℃.As warm and dry climate in the Sanjiang Plain wetland resources and biopersity will decrease, an increase of endangered species, large areas will become a meadow marsh wetlands.Wetlands near the Yangtze River Delta, will be the threat of rising sea levels, resulting in reduced size, lower quality, tidal inundation and beach erosion.As temperatures rise, leading to the Yellow River and inland rivers of the evaporation may increase about 15% water shortage in northern and southern floods will increase.Lead to permafrost melting temperature, also affect the safety of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.由于人类活动的影响，中国的气候在 21世纪将继续明显变暖，其中中国北方冬天的变暖趋势最为明显。

作为对比，过去100年中，中国的升温幅度仅为0.5℃到0.8℃。

由于气候暖干，三江平原湿地资源及生物多样性都将减少，濒危物种增加，大面积沼泽湿地将变成草甸湿地。

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长江三角洲附近的湿地，则将受到海平面上升的威胁，导致面积减少，质量下降，潮滩地被淹没和侵蚀。

由于气温上升，导致黄河和内陆河地区的蒸发量可能增长15%左右，北方水资源短缺以及南方的洪涝灾害都将加剧。

温度升高导致冻土融化，也会影响到青藏铁路的安全。

As the impact of human activities, the climate in the 21st century China will continue to significantly warmer, which in winter warming trend in northern China the most obvious.In contrast, over the past 100 years, China's temperature rise of only 0.5 ℃ to 0.8 ℃.As warm and dry climate in the Sanjiang Plain wetland resources and biopersity will decrease, an increase of endangered species, large areas will become a meadow marsh wetlands.Wetlands near the Yangtze River Delta, will be the threat of rising sea levels, resulting in reduced size, lower quality, tidal inundation and beach erosion.As temperatures rise, leading to the Yellow River and inland rivers of the evaporation may increase about 15% water shortage in northern and southern floods will increase.Lead to permafrost melting temperature, also affect the safety of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.人们过去一向认为，多种植树木有助于减缓全球气温升高的现象。不过，科学家如今指出，如果地球气温再升高 2摄氏度，森林反而可能成为二氧化碳的净排放来源。植物会吸收也会排放二氧化碳；健康的森林，尤其是热带地区的森林所吸收的温室气体，会比它们排放的来得多。不过，如果这些森林受到破坏、生病或是死亡，蓄积在这些森林里的二氧化碳就会被释放出来。

人 类砍伐森林时进行的焚烧和摧毁所释放的温室气体，占了总碳排放量的 20% 森林可吸收四分之一的总碳排放量，随着它们日益消失，或是成为净排放来源，空气中的二氧化碳将大幅度增加。”

People used to always think that, more than planting trees help slow global warming phenomenon.However, scientists have now pointed out that if global temperatures rise another 2 degrees Celsius, the forest but it may become a net carbon dioxide emission sources.Plants absorb carbon dioxide emissions will be;the health of forests, especially tropical forests absorb the greenhouse gas emissions than they are to much.However, if these forests are destroyed, illness or death, accumulation of carbon dioxide in these forests will be released.When human burning of deforestation and destruction of the release of greenhouse gases, of the total carbon emissions by 20% of the forest can absorb a quarter of the total carbon emissions, as they increasingly disappear, or become a net source of emissions, carbon dioxide in the air will increase significantly.从 以上分析可以看出，影响气候变化的因素极其复杂，天体运行和地球运动的威力比人的影响不知要大多少倍，它可以使天气变热，也能让地球变冷。而人的力量在大自然面前显得非常渺小，连一场台风吹来也只有躲避的份儿，大自然的力量是根本抗御不了的。肆无忌惮地糟践自然，人类必然会受到严厉惩罚。人 类应该尽一切努力，去做好应该也能够做好的事情。大力发展低碳经济已经成了国际社会的共识。

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Can be seen from the above analysis, impact of climate change in the extremely complex, and the earth movements of celestial bodies than the human impact unknown power be many times greater, which can make the weather Bianre, Ye make the earth cooler.The power of people in front of it is very small in nature, with a typhoon blowing only escape to but is the fundamental forces of nature can not resist.Brazenly insulting nature, mankind will inevitably be severely punished.Man should make every effort to do a good job should also be able to do things.To develop low-carbon economy has become the consensus of the international community.从 以上分析可以看出，影响气候变化的因素极其复杂，天体运行和地球运动的威力比人的影响不知要大多少倍，它可以使天气变热，也能让地球变冷。而人的力量在大自然面前显得非常渺小，连一场台风吹来也只有躲避的份儿，大自然的力量是根本抗御不了的。肆无忌惮地糟践自然，人类必然会受到严厉惩罚。人 类应该尽一切努力，去做好应该也能够做好的事情。大力发展低碳经济已经成了国际社会的共识。

Can be seen from the above analysis, impact of climate change in the extremely complex, and the earth movements of celestial bodies than the human impact unknown power be many times greater, which can make the weather Bianre, Ye make the earth cooler.The power of people in front of it is very small in nature, with a typhoon blowing only escape to but is the fundamental forces of nature can not resist.Brazenly insulting nature, mankind will inevitably be severely punished.Man should make every effort to do a good job should also be able to do things.To develop low-carbon economy has become the consensus of the international community.全球变暖会使我们没有冬天。“四季少了夏和冬”绝对不是好事。全球变暖是指全球气温升高。近100多年来，全球平均气温经历了冷－暖－冷－暖两次波动，总得看为上升趋势。进入八十年代后，全球气温明显上升。1981～1990年全球平均气温比100年前上升了0.48℃。导致全球变暖的主要原因是人类在近一个世纪以来大量使用矿物燃料（如煤、石油等），排放出大量的CO2等多种温室气体。由于这些温室气体对来自太阳辐射的短波具有高度的透过性，而对地球反射出来的长波辐射具有高度的吸收性，也就是常说的温室效应“，导致全球气候变暖。全球变暖的后果，会使全球降水量重新分配，冰川和冻土消融，海平面上升等，既危害自然生态系统的平衡，更会威胁到人类的食物供应和居住环境。

Global warming would we have no winter.”Summer and winter seasons less" absolutely not a good thing.Global warming refers to i ncrease in the global climate.Nearly 100 years, global average temperature through the coldcoldthe Earth.

第三篇：大学英语__英语——短文

What kinds of employees are likely to be fired?

If employees do not observe company or department rules, they are likely to be fired.Any boss will be angry if employees are late for work or use the company phone to talk with friends.A boss dislikes people who do not work hard, gossip a lot or read the newspaper over a cup of tea for hours.Even if one works hard, the boss may not be satisfied if one does not work with high efficiency.After all, company profits come from employee achievements.Even though you've made significant personal contributions to the company, if you do not get along well with your colleagues, you may impede the company's productivity.After all, most jobs require teamwork nowadays.Usually the boss places a high value on employee loyalty.Disloyal employees may sell the company's secrets and ruin it overnight.When the company is in financial difficulty and downsizing, the first to be dismissed will be those who have some of the above-mentioned problems.What kinds of people are better prepared for a layoff?

In contemporary society job changes are inevitable.Few people will stay in the same company all their lives.So, from time to time people should look for signs that layoffs are coming.For example, fewer customer orders, layoffs in similar companies, and an economic recession are warnings.In addition to noticing bad omens like the above, people should study the kinds of skills or technologies that are in great demand.If one industry is on the decline, they should equip themselves with knowledge and skills in other industries.When adequately prepared, they will not panic if they receive a dismissal notice.They can go to a different job or even a different career without too much difficulty.After finishing undergraduate studies, would you like to find a job or pursue a postgraduate degree? Why?

Some students prefer to look for a favorable job, through which they can gain useful experience that they cannot get from books.When they move on to a higher level job one day, then, they will already have experience in that field.At work, they can give full play to their practical abilities, and may be promoted to department manager by the time their classmates complete their Master's degree programs.On the other hand, some students are not eager to take up a job and prefer to continue to study towards a Master's degree or even a PhD.And we all know, knowledge is power.Although not everything you learn will be directly applicable at work, knowledge does improve your character overall.In the long run, those who acquire more knowledge will benefit from it.If a company doesn't perform well in a certain field, for example, software development, should it outsource or train its own employees to do it?

Some companies prefer to outsource the production they are not good at.Against the background of globalization, the pision of work is accelerating.Often you can find a more specialized or more professional company that can do the same work with better quality at a lower rate.But outsourcing inevitably brings about problems.It is not always easy to lay off the employees, especially if they have served the company for a long time.They may ask for dismissal benefits that are too high for the organization to bear.So, perhaps the company can provide their workers with training to improve their production skills.If the workers feel grateful, they will work harder for the company's prosperity.Describe some superstitions in English-speaking countries.English-speaking nations have a number of superstitions.For example, many people believe 13 to be an unlucky number, and do not want to live on the 13th floor or in Room 13.They say “knock on wood” or “touch wood” to avoid bad luck.To wish somebody good luck, they may say “I'll cross my fingers for you.” Superstitious people avoid walking under a ladder or opening an umbrella in doors.When they see a black cat run across their path, they think it's a bad omen.Some people may hang a horseshoe over their door to ward off bad luck.If they happen to drop a mirror, they worry that they will have seven years' bad luck.To ensure good luck, they may carry a charm of some kind, such as a lucky rabbit's foot!

What is the relationship between one's attitude to life and one's fate? Does the former determine the latter or is it the other way round?

Since the world is complex and mysterious, it is not easy to arrive at a definite conclusion.Some scholars, including a British psychologist, suggest that there exists a correlation between one's attitude to life and one's fate.But more research is needed before we can be sure of such a correlation.Moreover, the cause-and-effect relationship has not been clearly identified, and we are uncertain which causes which.In real life we can find counter examples: Some optimistic people are not very lucky, while some pessimistic people are quite lucky.Perhaps we should try to find out which case is more frequent: optimistic people with good luck or optimistic people with bad luck.Judging from my personal observations, the former is more common.I can even supply the reason: Optimistic people have more self-confidence, which facilitates their success in life.A survey involving many people is required to discover what most people think about this issue.In an enterprise or institution, is it necessary to clearly describe each employee's duties? Explain.Generally speaking, it is necessary.Employees' job should be clearly defined.With a detailed job description, a worker will have a definite aim and high motivation to work toward that aim.They know how they will be rewarded and punished.Accurate job descriptions can do much to prevent unnecessary duplication and conflict among workers.If everyone in a company works as an organized team, the company is likely to grow and prosper.However, some potential problems are worth noting.If a job description is too detailed, some staff members will turn a blind eye to anything that falls outside their scope of responsibilities even if it is important to the company as a whole.Nor should job descriptions stand in the way of cooperation among employees.If those problems can be overcome, job descriptions will play a significant role in the company's progress.When a boss employs or promotes people, what may be his or her chief consideration: their education or their practical ability?

In fact, most bosses will consider both, though they may probably attach more importance to the candidate's ability.After all, a company's profits come directly from the abilities of the entire staff.Many of the qualities of a good worker such as diligence, teamwork, loyalty to the company, and courtesy to customers are gained through on-the-job training rather than from book knowledge.However, one's educational background is not unimportant.If one can enroll in a distinguished university and attain a high GPA, it is likely that one already possesses good qualities like industriousness, intelligence, organizational ability, and a strong will--qualities that

are equally useful in the workplace.But it's also possible that some students from the academic ivory tower are merely bookworms without much capacity for practical work.A boss is unlikely to promote such an employee.Some bosses employ and promote only relatives or those who come from their hometown.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this hiring practice.Hiring people he is familiar with does offer the boss advantages.Those people are usually willing to work hard and are loyal to the boss, who often entrusts them with such important responsibilities as being a financial manager or human resources manager.However, the disadvantages inherent in a family business outweigh the advantages.To begin with, it is not always easy to find a relative who can take up a highly technical position such as software development engineer or an in-house lawyer.Perhaps none of the boss's relatives is even a competent electrician.Then, too, there are problems if the boss's sister-in-law is chief financial officer.A top-notch accounting graduate will quickly realize her chances of promotion are slim and will work for another company.Worse still, if relatives turn against the boss, they may be able to deal him a deadly blow since they often know many company secrets.Should managers be strict with or kind to their employees?

Generally speaking, managers should be strict with their employees;otherwise they may find it difficult to keep good discipline in the workplace.For example, some employees may come in late and leave early.They may call in sick without good reason.Even when they are in the office, they may idle the day away chatting with each other.However, a manager should show concern for his or her subordinates when they do have difficulties like an acute illness or other unexpected problems.If employees feel sincerely appreciated, they tend to work harder.Generally speaking, managers should be strict with their employees;otherwise they may find it difficult to keep good discipline in the workplace.For example, some employees may come in late and leave early.They may call in sick without good reason.Even when they are in the office, they may idle the day away chatting with each other.However, a manager should show concern for his or her subordinates when they do have difficulties like an acute illness or other unexpected problems.If employees feel sincerely appreciated, they tend to work harder.Do you believe there are extraterrestrial beings in outer space?

It is difficult to come to a definite conclusion on this issue.On the one hand, many people claim to have seen a UFO, and some even assert that they were abducted by aliens in their spaceships.Theoretically, it is difficult to prove that in the vast universe people on Earth are of the most advanced civilization and have the most advanced technology.If we cannot see ETs, it may be because they are far more advanced than we are.Similarly, if primitive people cannot detect radio waves, it does not mean more advanced civilizations do not exist.On the other hand, human beings have not collected solid evidence to prove the existence of ETs.Although some people claim to have witnessed a UFO, it could be a visual mistake.A mirage is a case in point.When somebody claims to have seen a ghost, do you believe it? In my opinion, while mankind should continue to explore mysteries in the universe, they had better direct most of their time and energy toward pursuits that are more relevant to their present lives

Do you think success is due more to luck and opportunity or to diligence and perseverance? Why?

Sometimes a lucky person achieves great success without making the corresponding efforts, while a person who has worked diligently on and on fails to accomplish anything.But on the whole, I am inclined to believe that success is more closely related to diligence than to luck.It is true that in gambling, card-playing and some other games, luck plays a large role.But in most fields of endeavor, one has to study and work hard before one has a chance of success.For example, all scientists, engineers, teachers, musicians and athletes must receive years of rigorous training before they can do their work properly and stand out from the rest.Without hard work, they have almost no hope of success at all.After all, opportunity favors those who are well prepared.Name at least ten recreational activities, including those requiring a lot of physical exertion and those that are more relaxing.Some forms of recreation require a high level of physical activity.Here are some examples: football, basketball, badminton, tennis, and table tennis.Some people like climbing mountains, going bodysurfing, or going rafting.After those strenuous outings, they feel mentally relaxed.On the other hand, some people prefer more sedentary（久坐的）activities.Instead of playing a ball game, they watch it.They go to a cinema, a theater, an opera house or a concert hall, or they simply sit at home watching TV.Some play various kinds of games on the computer, and others play chess or cards.Even when they want to stay outdoors, they may choose peaceful pastimes like fishing

第四篇：全球气候变暖的原因、影响、措施

全球气候变暖的原因、影响、措施

近100多 年来,全球平均气温经历了冷－暖－冷－暖两次波动，总得看为上升趋 势。1998年和2005年是近一千年来温度最高的两年。近百年来全球平均地表温度上升了0.74℃,其中尤以1910~1945年和1979~2005年的升温最为明显。20世纪后半叶北半球平均温度很可能比近500年中任何一个50年时段的平均温度都高,并且可能至少在最近1300年中是最高的。

全球气候变暖的原因有两方面：

1、大气层遭到破坏,严重的污染以及温室效应。

大气层和地表这一系统就如同一个巨大的“玻璃温室”，使地表始终 维持着一定的温度，产生了适于人类和其他生物生存的环境。在这一系统中，大气既能让太阳辐射透过而达到地面，同时又能阻止地面辐射的散失，我们把大气对地 面的这种保护作用称为大气的温室效应。造成温室效应的气体称为“温室气体”，它们可以让太阳短波辐射自由通过，同时又能吸收地表发出的长波辐射。这些气体 有二氧化碳、甲烷、氯氟化碳、臭氧、氮的氧化物和水蒸气等，其中最主要的是二氧化碳。近百年来全球的气候正在逐渐变暖，与之同时，大气中的温室气体的含量 也在急剧地增加。许多科学家都认为，温室气体的大量排放所造成温室效应的加剧可能是全球变暖的基本原因。

排放温室气体的人类活动包括：所有的化石能源燃烧活动排放二氧化 碳。在化石能源中，煤含碳量最高，石油次之，天然气较低；化石能源开采过程中的煤炭瓦斯、天然气泄漏排放二氧化碳和甲烷；水泥、石灰、化工等工业生产过程 排放二氧化碳；水稻田、牛羊等反刍动物消化过程排放甲烷；土地利用变化减少对二氧化碳的吸收；废弃物排放甲烷和氧化亚氮。人类燃烧煤、油、天然气和树木，产生大量二氧化碳和甲烷进入大气层后使地球升温，使碳循环失衡，改变了地球生物圈的能量转换形式。自工业革命以来，大气中二氧化碳含量增加了25%，远远超过科学家可能勘测出来的过去16万年的全部历史纪录，而且目前尚无减缓的迹象。

2、人口膨胀，超载超量，过度开垦，乱砍滥伐，滥采地下水有关。近年来人口的剧增是导致全球变暖的主要因素之一。同时，这也严重 地威胁着自然生态环境间的平衡。这样多的人口，每年仅自身排放的二氧化碳就将是一惊人的数字，其结果就将直接导致大气中二氧化碳的含量不断地增加，这样形 成的二氧化碳“温室效应”将直接影响着地球表面气候变化。

世界上的森林主要分为寒带(北方)森林、温带森林和热带森林三类。据专家介绍，今天的森林生态系 统，是大自然经过8000年 的进化才逐渐形成的。今天，所有的原始森林都沦为伐木业大规模开采利用的目标。在热带地区，许多现在已荡然无存的森林就是在过去的50年被砍伐一空的。仅1960年至1990年，就有超过4.5亿公顷的热带森林被吞噬，占世界热带森林总面积的20%；还有数百万公顷的热带森林在砍伐、农田开垦和矿产开采中退化。而且，全球的非法砍伐和非法木材产品交易还在继续加剧，尤其是在拥有热带森林的发展中国家和政府执法不力的俄罗斯等国。而国际市场对廉价木产品的需求，又 进一步恶化了这一状况。全球变暖可能造成的影响全球变暖将给地球和人类带来复杂的潜在 的影响，既有正面的，也有负面的。例如随着温度的升高，副极地地区也许将更适合人类居住；在适当的条件下，较高的二氧化碳浓度能够促进光合作用，从而使植 物具有更高的固碳速率，导致植物生长的增加，即二氧化碳的增产效应，这是全球变暖的正面影响。但是与正面影响相比，全球变暖对人类活动的负面影响将更为巨 大和深远。

1、海平面上升的影响

过去的百年海平面上升了14.4cm,我国上升了11.5cm。海平面升高的原因，主要是海水热膨胀，当海洋变暖时，海平面则 升高。全球升温会引起地球南北两极的冰山融化，这也是造成海平面上升的主要原因之一。海平面上升的直接影响有以下几个方面：

(1)低地被淹：英国加高堤坝应对气候变暖全球变暖使海平面升高，暴风 雨频率增加，这使英国人不得政治面目 加高防洪堤坝。据英国官方近日公布 的统计数据，在过去的20年 中，由于泰晤士河的水位随全球变暖而升高，当地政府机构不得不先后88次加高防洪堤坝，以保障伦敦人的生命财产安全。，据悉，人们现在平均每年4次加高其堤坝。据估计，在2030年以前，其加高堤坝的频率会达到每年30次。

(2)海岸被冲蚀。(3)地表水和地下水盐分增加，影响城市供水。

(4)地下水位升高。

(5)旅游业受到危害。海平面上升50米,大连、秦皇岛、青岛、北海、三亚滨海旅游区向后31-366料，沙滩损失24%，北戴河沙滩损失60%。2002年中国国土资源公报报道，沿海旅游业已成为第一大产业，其产值为2503亿元，占海洋产业总产值的34.6%。

(6)影响沿海和岛国居民的生活(占世界1／3的人口)，使之受到威胁。如果极地冰冠融化，经济发达、人口稠密的沿海地 区会被海水吞没，马尔代夫、塞舌尔等低洼岛国将从地面上消失，上海、威尼斯、香港、里约热内卢、东京、曼谷、纽约等海滨大城市以及孟加拉、荷兰、埃及等国 也将难逃厄运。

2、对动植物的影响

气候是决定生物群落分布的主要因素，气候变化能改变一个地区不同 物种的适应性并能改变生态系统内部不同种群的竞争力。自然界的动植物，尤其是植物群落，可能因无法适应全球变暖的速度而做适应性转移，从而惨遭厄运。以往 的气候变化(如冰期)曾使许多物种消失，未来的气候将使一些地区的某些物种消失，而这 些物种则从气候变暖中得到益处，它们的栖息地可能增加，竞争对手和天敌也可能减少。比如说桔子，过去20世纪70年代，它的最北的边界线是在黄山一线，宣城市也曾经试种过，但到 冬天的一场大雪，树木就冻死了。但现在我们校园里的桔子树都长得很好。又如，扬子鳄只生活在宣城、泾县和南陵这样狭小的地带，如果北界线北移，扬子鳄可能 会自然绝种。这是从我省的局部地区来 讲。从全国来讲，我国把冬季1月0度等温线作为副热带北界，目前这一界线处 于我国秦岭-淮河一带。研究发现，气温升高会使这一界线北移至黄河以北，徐 州、郑州一带冬季气温将与现在的杭州、武汉相似。

3、对农业的影响

一年中温度和降水的分布是决定种植何种作物的主要因素，温度及由 温度引起降水的变化将影响到粮食作物的产量和作物的分布类型。气候的变化曾经导致生物带和生物群落空间(纬度)分布的重大变化。如公元800-1200年北大西洋地区的平均温度比现在高1℃，使玉米在挪威种植成为可能，但到了公元1500-1800年，西欧出现小冰川期，平均气温也只比现在低1-2℃，就造成了挪威一半农场弃耕，冰岛的农业耕种活动则几乎全部停止。除此之外，全球变暖还会使高温、热浪、热带风暴、龙卷风等自然灾害加重。因此，全球气温升高后，世界粮食生产的稳定性和分布状况将会有很大变化。

4、对人类健康的影响

人类健康取决于良好的生态环境，全球变暖将成为下个世纪人类健康 的一个主要因素。极端高温将成为下世纪人类健康困扰变得更加频繁、更加普遍，主要体现为发病率和死亡率增加，尤其是疟疾、淋巴腺丝虫病、血吸虫病、钩虫 病、霍乱、脑膜炎、黑热病、登革热等传染病将危及热带地区和国家，某 些目前主要发生在热带地区的疾病可能随着气候变暖向中纬度地区传播。

对于全球气候变暖，应充分利用气候变化可能带来的机遇，趋利避 害，积极采取多种减缓措施，保障社会经济可持续发展。一方面，要根据温度、水资源、生物等气候环境因子的空间格局与演化趋势，调整生产结构与生活方式；认 真采取水资源、海岸带、农业、森林、草原、人类健康等方面的适应对策，形成有利于资源节约和环境保护的产业结构和消费方式。另一方面，积极采取多种减缓措 施，坚持把减缓气候变化的核心技术作为优先领域，加大研发投入；实施节能优先的能源政策，积极开发可再生能源技术、先进核能技术以及高效、洁净、低排放的 煤炭利用技术和氢能技术。同时，要转变经济增长模式，改进土地利用方式，加强森林资源的保护和管理，大力推进植树造林。此外，当前应以解决国内日益严重和 紧迫的环境污染问题和能源资源供应紧缺问题为驱动力和切入点，推进减缓气候变化战略的实施，并将减缓碳排放作为国家能源战略的重要目标。

在目前阶段，应该对如下几个问题给予进一步重视：

第一，根据现有知识，采取减轻、防范和适应措施。全球气候变化科学还存在许多不确定性，但正如前面已经指出的，目前科学界对有些问题的认识还是比较一致 的。此外，我们还知道，人类现在已经开始意识到这一全球增暖问题，工业化国家采取了程度不同的CO2限排措施。尽管面临很多困难，未来各国履行气候公约的 义务会进一步加强。

中央和地方政府在制定长期社会经济发展规划时，应该把气候变化及其影响问题考虑进去。农林牧业布局规划要考虑未来各地区温度或热量条件、雨量或土壤水分含 量、气候极端值的长期变化趋势，大型水利工程建设（如三峡和小浪底水坝建设与南水北调工程）应照顾到可能的平均和极端雨量变化，各大河三角洲和低平沿海地 区的城市港口与经济开发区建设要预见到未来海平面上升引起的一系列问题，建筑业、陆地交通运输业和旅游业发展规划也应对未来气候变化问题有所考虑。

气候变化对环境和生态系统的消极影响应该予以充分注意。内陆地区的荒漠化、土壤侵蚀和沿海地区的盐渍化等环境过程会由于气候变化而出现缓解或者恶化，西部 高山冰川的萎缩将导致山麓地带河水流量和潜水位下降，所有这些又都会对当地的经济和社会发展造成影响。生态碎片化和气候变化结合起来将加速生物物种的灭 绝，这给未来的自然生态保护区建设提出了新的问题，应及早采取相应对策，防患于未然。

对将来进一步履行气候公约和减少温室气体排放义务问题应提早予以考虑。随着全球增暖进程的证实，科学界和公众对加强温室气体排放限制的要求会有所增加，国 际上对我国施加的压力也会增加，使我国在谈判中处于不利地位。在另一方面，通过提高能源利用效率来减少排放，这和我国一贯倡导的开源节流与保护区域环境的 方针并不矛盾。在保证经济持续稳定发展的前提下，应考虑采用法律手段引导工矿业和交通业向提高能效方向发展。南方水稻田是甲烷排放的重要源地，应该加强科 学管理，尽可能减少单位面积排放量。森林是陆地上CO2的主要的汇，我国长期倡导开展植树造林活动，而且已经取得了较好成就，为保护区域性和全球环境做出 了重要贡献，今后要进一步把这项利国利民的事业搞好。

第二，参与国际合作，维护国家利益。在全球气候变化问题上的区域冲突和国际合作趋势已初露端倪。随着气候变化区域细节方面科学不确定性的减少，这种冲突和 合作的机会将进一步增强。未来国际环境政治斗争的焦点将不再局限于根据现在和历史排放量确立国家限排定额上，气候变化对本国及其它国家和地区社会经济系统 和环境的影响将日益受到重视。在这种复杂的形势下，如何确定中国在国际环境政治事务中应采取的立场和策略是摆在我们面前的一个现实问题。气候变化问题谈判要建立在对国内外经济、环境历史和现状的全面了解以及对未来气候变化区域影响的科学分析的基础上，既要表现出积极和诚意，又要维护国家的 利益。在确定谈判的立场和策略时认识到如下几个问题是必要的： 1．过去200年大气CO浓度增加主要是西方工业化国家长期过度使用化石燃料造成的，这些国家应该对全球气候变化问题负主要责任。

2．即使在目前，中国等发展中国家的人均温室气体排放量也是很低的，历史上人均累计排放量更远低于工业发达国家。

3．当前只有西方发达国家才具备技术和资金去处理这一人类面临的全球环境问题。它们理应积极履行气候公约，限制排放，并帮助发展中国家提高能源利用效率。

4．全球气候变化科学研究还存在大量的不确定性，特别是在变化的区域细节上和综合的影响方面。这意味着我们现在仍不清楚全球作为一个整体是从气候变化获利 还是受害。

5．对于各个国家，气候变化区域性和利害兼备的特点进一步使问题趋向复杂。将来有可能发展成主要责任国和受害国共同承担更多义务的局面。

6．疆域和综合国力大小在相当大程度上决定了国家对全球气候变化影响的敏感性。小型发展中国家受到的影响将是最大的。

7．气候变化对中国的影响将十分复杂。不考虑海平面上升和生物多样性下降等负面作用，气候变化本身对全国社会经济系统作为一个整体的影响可能是很小的，增 温阶段夏季风环流的加强和夏季雨量的增多对北方半干燥和半湿润地区的农业生产还是有利的。

此外，也应加强双边和多边合作，积极争取国际节能援助项目和技术转换。目前，联合履约活动（JI）处于试验阶段，将来可能会得到发展。应该对其利弊进行评 估，并考虑参与各种形式的联合履约活动。气候变化的区域性特点还可能会促使某种形式的区域环境组织的产生，借以处理和协调区域内各国之间由气候变化引起的 问题。应该积极推动和参加这种区域性合作组织。

第三，加强科学研究，减少不确定性。在全球气候变化上，科学研究是目前和今后相当长一段时间内解决所有其它问题的关键。它不仅是采取预防和适应措施所必须 的，而且也是确定国际环境政策和方针的基础。不能指望别人提供完整的科学信息，尤其不能指望其它国家政府提供气候变化信息。IPCC报告现在也不能完全相 信，因为它是政府间组织，免不了受到不同国家利益集团或地缘政治观念的影响。作为一个疆域广阔、人口众多的发展中的大国，中国应该进行自己独立的研究，对 全球气候变化问题提出自己的见解。如果承认现代全球气候变化已经成为关系到国家安全的问题，进行自己独立研究的必要性和紧迫性就更显而易见了。我国有关全 球气候变化问题的研究有一定基础，在发展中国家里处于先进水平，但从总体上看我们的研究投入距离要求差得还较多，应该进一步增加资助强度。国家攀登计划已 经包括了全球气候变化研究项目，将来还应加强这方面的研究。有关部委和各省区也应进一步重视气候变化的影响及对策研究。目前亟待深入开展的研究课题包括：

1．温室气体、气溶胶、海平面、土地覆盖、冰川和生态系统变化的监测。2．全国温室气体排放与固定的历史、现状及其未来预测。3．中国过去两万年，特别是过去两千年的古气候重建与分析。4．中国近一百年来气候变化规律的分析和人为气候变化信号的检测 5．未来温室气体和气溶胶增加的全球与区域模式模拟研究。6．极端气候事件和气候突变事件的历史演变与未来预测。

7．我国未来气候变化对陆地生态系统和国民经济影响的模式模拟研究。8．中国沿海地区海平面变化趋势及其影响的预测。

9．全球气候变化区域分异特点及其对世界各国社会经济系统的影响 10．我国能源结构调整和能源利用效率提高的政策与技术问题。11．全球气候变化问题的国内与国际对策研究。

第五篇：浅谈全球气候变暖的原因、影响及对策

浅谈全球气候变暖的原因、影响及应对措施

马克思主义学院

09级思想政治教育3班

加永勒登

*** 【摘 要】在近100多年来，全球气候变暖问题日趋严峻，由此导致的各类问题正

在严重地威胁着人类赖以生存的环境。本文总结了引起气候变化的原因, 并分析引起全球气候变暖的各种不利影响,最终提出应对全球气候变暖

所带来的不利影响的对策。

【关键词】全球气候变暖 原因 影响 措施 【正 文】

全球气候变暖是一种“自然现象”。人们焚烧化石矿物或砍伐森林并将其焚烧时产生的二氧化碳等多种温室气体，由于这些温室气体对来自太阳辐射的可见光具有高度的透过性，而对地球反射出来的长波辐射具有高度的吸收性，能强烈吸收地面辐射中的红外线，也就是常说的“温室效应”，导致全球气候变暖。全球变暖的后果，会使全球降水量重新分配、冰川和冻土消融、海平面上升等，既危害自然生态系统的平衡，更威胁人类的食物供应和居住环境。全球气候变暖一直是科学家关注的热点，2012年10月14日，英国气象局称全球已停止变暖16年，再次引发热议。

一、全球气候变暖的基本介绍

全球变暖指的是在一段时间中，地球大气和海洋温度上升的现象，主要是指人为因素造成的温度上升。目前世界范围内认为主要原因很可能是由于温室气体（二氧化碳）排放过多所造成的。

近100多年来，全球平均气温经历了：冷→暖→冷→暖四次波动，总的来看气温为上升趋势。进入八十年代后，全球气温明显上升。

全球大气层和地表这一系统就如同一个巨大的“玻璃温室”，使地表始终维持着一定的温度，产生了适于人类和其他生物生存的环境。在这一系统中，大气既能让太阳辐射透过而达到地面，同时又能阻止地面辐射的散失，我们把大气对地面的这种保护作用称为大气的温室效应（green house effect）。造成温室效应的气体称为“温室气体”，它们可以让太阳短波辐射自由通过，同时又能吸收地表发出的长波辐射。这些气体有二氧化碳、甲烷、氯氟化碳、臭氧、氮的氧化物和水蒸气等，其中最主要的是二氧化碳。近百年来全球的气候正在逐渐变暖，与此同时，大气中的温室气体的含量也在急剧增加。许多科学家都认为，温室气体的大量排放所造成的温室效应的加剧是全球变暖的基本原因。

人类燃烧煤、油、天然气和树木，产生大量二氧化碳和甲烷进入大气层后使地球升温，使碳循环失衡，改变了地球生物圈的能量转换形式。自工业革命以来，大气中二氧化碳含量增加了 25%，远超过科学家可能勘测出来的过去 16 万年的全部历史纪录，而且目前尚无减缓的迹象。

大气中二氧化碳排放量增加是造成地球气候变暖的根源。国际能源机构的调查结果表明，美国、中国、俄罗斯和日本的二氧化碳排放量几乎占全球总量的一半。调查表明，美国二氧化碳排放量居世界首位，年人均二氧化碳排放量约 20 吨，排放的二氧化碳占全球总量的 23.7%。中国年人均二氧化碳排放量约为 2.51 吨，约占全球总量的 13.9%。

二、全球气候变暖的形成原因

全球变暖的原因很多，概括以后有以下几点：

1.人口剧增因素

近年来人口的剧增是导致全球变暖的主要因素之一。同时，这也严重地危肋着自然生态环境间的平衡。这样多的人口，每年仅自身排放的二氧化碳就将是一惊人的数字，其结果就将直接导制大气中二氧化碳的含量不断地增加，这样形成的二氧化碳“温室效应”将直接影响着地球表面气候变化。

2.大气环境污染因素

目前，环境污染的日趋严重已构成一全球性重大问题，同时也是导致全球变暖的主要因素之一。现在，关于全球气候变化的研究已经明确指出了自上个世纪末起地球表面的温度就已经开始上升。3.海洋生态环境恶化因素

目前，海平面的变化是呈不断地上升趋势，根据有关专家的预测到下个世纪中叶，海平面可能升高50cm。如不采取及对措施，将直接导致淡水资源的破坏和污染等不良后果。另外，陆地活动场所产生的大量有毒性化学废料和固体废物等不断地排入海洋；发生在海水中的重大泄(漏)油事件等以及由人类活动而引发的沿海地区生态环境的破坏等都是导致海水生态环境遭破坏的主要因素。4.土地遭侵蚀、沙化等破坏因素 5.森林资源锐减因素

在世界范围内，由于受自然或人为的因素而造成森林面积正在大幅度地锐减。

6.酸雨危害因素

酸雨给生态环境所带来的影响已越来越受到全世界的关注。酸雨能毁坏森林，酸化湖泊，危及生物等。目前，世界上酸雨多集中在欧洲和北美洲，多数酸雨发生在发达国家，一些发展中国家，酸雨也在迅速发生、发展。

7.物种加速绝灭因素

地球上的生物是人类的一项宝贵资源，而生物的多样性是人类赖以生存和发展的基础。但是目前地球上的生物物种正在以前所未有的速度消失。8.水污染因素

据全球环境监测系统水质监测项目表明，全球大约有10%的监测河水受到污染，本世纪以来，人类的用水量正在急剧地增加，同时水污染规模也正在不断地扩大，这就形成了新鲜淡水的供与需的一对矛盾。由此可见，水污染的处理将是非常地迫切和重要。

9.有毒废料污染因素

不断增长的有毒化学品不仅对人类的生存构成严重的威胁，而且对地球表面的生态环境也将带来危害。全球升温的后果

据新华社电美国世界观察研究所的研究人员近期警告说，全球气候升温将致全球农业减产，或许在下个世纪出现食品匮乏的局面。研究人员在分析联合国和美国国立科学院发布的信息以及世界稻米市场趋势后得出了这一看法。

世界观察研究认为，全球气候升温和地下水水位下降将成为全球粮食供应紧张的直接诱因，全球稻米价格上涨趋势体现了这一点。

全球升温还会造成海平面升高，沿海地区会被淹没，以前所说的大西洲就是这样被淹没的。

美国政府发布的统计数字显示，即使是在去年全球粮食大丰收、小麦和玉米价格下降的情况下，稻米价格依然上涨了30%，达到每吨260美元。

美国国立科学院去年发表的一份研究报告显示，水稻生长季节气温异常上升将使收成减少。另外，全球许多地区出现地下水水位下降、水井枯竭问题，也将对粮食产量构成影响。

三、全球气候变暖的影响

1、海平面上升

海平面上升的影响过去的百年海平面上升了14．4cm,我国上升了11．5cm。海平面升高的原因，主要是海水热膨胀，当海洋变暖时，海平面则升高。全球升温会引起地球南北两极的冰山融化，这也是造成海平面上升的主要原因之一。海平面上升的直接影响有以下几个方面：

(1)低地被淹：

英国加高堤坝应对气候变暖全球变暖使海平面升高，暴风雨频率增加，这使英国人不得政治面目 加高防洪堤坝。据英国官方近日公布的统计数据，在过去的20年中，由于泰晤士河的水位随全球变暖而升高，当地政府机构不得不先后88次加高防洪堤坝，以保障伦敦人的生命财产安全。据悉，人们现在平均每年4次加高其堤坝。据估计，在2030年以前，其加高堤坝的频率会达到每年30次。

(2)海岸被冲蚀

(3)地表水和地下水盐分增加，影响城市供水。(4)地下水位升高。

(5)旅游业受到危害(海平面上升50米,大连、秦皇岛、青岛、北海、三亚滨海旅游区向后31-366料，沙滩损失24%，北戴河沙滩损失60%。2002年中国国土资源公报报道，沿海旅游业已成为第一大产业，其产值为2503亿元，占海洋产业总产值的34.6%。

（6）影响沿海和岛国居民的生活(占世界1／3的人口)，使之受到威胁。如果极地冰冠融化，经济发达、人口稠密的沿海地区会被海水吞没，马尔代夫、塞舌尔等低洼岛国将从地面上消失，上海、威尼斯、香港、里约热内卢、东京、曼谷、纽约等海滨大城市以及孟加拉、荷兰、埃及等国也将难逃厄运。

2、对动植物的影响

气候是决定生物群落分布的主要因素，气候变化能改变一个地区不同物种的适应性并能改变生态系统内部不同种群的竟争力。自然界的动植物，尤其是植物群落，可能因无法适应全球变暖的速度而做适应性转移，从而惨遭厄运。以往的气候变化(如冰期)曾使许多物种消失，未来的气候将使一些地区的某些物种消失，而人些物种则从气候变暖中得到益处，它们的栖息地可能增加，竞争对手和天敌也可能减少。比如说桔子，过去20世纪70年代，它的最北的边界线是在黄山一线，宣城市也曾经试种过，但到冬天的一场大雪，树木就冻死了。但现在我们校园里的桔子树都长得很好。又如，扬子鳄只生活在宣城、泾县和南陵这样狭 小的地带，如果北界线北移，扬子鳄可能会自然绝种。这是从我省的局部地区来 讲。从全国来讲，我国把冬季1月0度等温线作为副热带北界，目前这一界线处 于我国秦岭-淮河一带。研究发现，气温升高会使这一界线北移至黄河以北，徐州、郑州一带冬季气温将与现在的杭州、武汉相似。

3、对农业的影响

一年中温度和降水的分布是决定种植何种作物的主要因素，温度及由温度引起降水的变化将影响到粮食作物的产量和作物的分布类型。气候的变化曾经导致生物带和生物群落空间(纬度)分布的重大变化。如公元800-1200年北大西洋地区的平均温度比现在高1℃，使玉米在挪威种植成为可能，但到了公元1500-1800年，西欧出现小冰川期，平均气温也只比现在低1-2℃，就造成了挪威一半农场弃耕，冰岛的农业耕种活动则几乎全部停止。除此之外，全球变暖还会使高温、热浪、热带风暴、龙卷风等自然灾害加重。因此，全球气温升高后，世界粮食生产的稳定性和分布状况将会有很大变化。

4、对人类健康的影响

人类健康取决于良好的生态环境，全球变暖将成为下个世纪人类健康的一个 主要因素。极端高温将成为下世纪人类健康困扰变得更加频繁、更加普遍，主要 体现为发病率和死亡率增加，尤其是疟疾、淋巴腺丝虫病、血吸虫病、钩虫病、霍乱、脑膜炎、黑热病、登革热等传染病将危及热带地区和国家，某些目前主要发生在热带地区的疾病可能随着气候变暖向中纬度地区传播。

四、全球气候变暖的应对措施

1、全面禁用氟氯碳化物

实际上全球正在朝此方向推动努力，是以此案最具实现可能性。

2、保护森林的对策方案

今日以热带雨林为生的全球森林，正在遭到人为持续不断的急剧破坏。有效的因应对策，便是赶快停止这种毫无节制的森林破坏，另一方面实施大规模的造林工作，努力促进森林再生。，3、汽车使用燃料状况的改善 日本汽车在此方面已获技术提升，大幅改善昔日那种耗油状况。但在美国等地，或许是因油藏丰富，对於省油设计方面，至今未见有何明显改善迹象，仍旧维持过度耗油的状况。因此，该地区生产的汽车在改善燃油设计方面，具有充分发挥的余地。由於此项努力所导致的化石燃料消费削减

4、改善其他各种场合的能源使用效率

是要改善其他各种场合的能源使用效率。今日人类生活，到处都在大量使用能源，其中尤以住宅和办公室的冷暖气设备为最。因此，对於提升能源使用效率方面，仍然具有大幅改善余地

5、对石化燃料的生产与消费，依比例课税

如此一来，或许可以促使生产厂商及消费者在使用能源时有所警惕，避免作出无谓的浪费。而其税金收入，则可用於森林保护和替代能源的开发方面。

6、鼓励使用天然瓦斯作为当前的主要能源

因为天然瓦斯较少排放二氧化碳。最近日本都市也都普遍改用天然瓦斯取代液化瓦斯，此案则是希望更进一步推广这种运动。惟其抑制温暖化的效果并不太大，顶多只有一%的程度左右。

7、汽机车的排气限制

由於汽机车的排气中，含有大量的氮氧化物与一氧化碳，因此希望减少其排放量。这种作法虽然无法达到直接削减二氧化碳的目的，但却能够产生抑制臭氧和甲烷等其他温室效应气体的效果。

8、鼓励使用太阳能

譬如推动所谓「阳光计划」之类。这方面的努力能使化石燃料用量相对减少，因此对於降低温室效应具备直接效果。

9、开发替代能源

利用生物能源(Biomass Energy)作为新的乾净能源。亦即利用植物经由光合作用制造出来的有机物充当燃料，藉以取代石油等既有的高污染性能源。

燃烧生物能源也会产生二氧化碳，这点固然是和化石燃料相同，不过生物能源系从大自然中不断吸取二氧化碳作为原料，故可成为重覆循环的再生能源，达到抑制二氧化碳浓度增长的效果。

以上对于全球变暖问题的原因、影响及应对措施进行了粗略的分析，这只是我现阶段所做的一部分工作，还有更多的关于减缓全球变暖的事情需要我们人类去行动，所以我呼吁为了保护我们共同的家园地球请节约使用每一滴水、多种树木减慢沙化、不再使用一次性方便袋、不随意扔废旧电池、减少二氧化碳的排放„„请从小事做起，从身边做起，从自己做起！【参考文献】

1、李国琛。全球气候变暖成因分析[J]。自然灾害学报，2005年10月14卷5期：38-42

2、杨勇、王志国。全球气候变暖的影响及应对之策[J]。科技论坛，60