第一篇：综合英语一

The Time Message

Time is tricky.It is difficult to control and easy to waste.When you look ahead, you think you have more time than you need.For example, at the beginning of a semester, you may fell that you have plenty of time on your hands.But towards the end of the term you may suddenly fine that time is running out.You don’t have enough time to cover all your duties, so you get worried.What is the answer? Control!

Time is dangerous.If you don’t control it, it will control you.If you don’t make it work for you, it will work against you.So you must become the master of the time, not its servant.As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one problem.Time is valuable.Wasting time is a bad habit.It is like a drug.The more time you waste, the easier it is to go on wasting time.If you seriously to wish to get the most of the college, you must put the time message into practice.Message 1 Control time from the beginning

Time is today, not tomorrow or next week.Start you term at the beginning of the term.Message 2 Get the note habit

Go and buy a note book today.Use it to plan you study time each day.Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes.Sunday is a good to make the plan for the following week.Message 3 Be realistic

Often you know from experiences how long it takes you to write a short essay, to study for a quiz, or to review for a final exam.When you plan time for these things, be realistic.Allow for unexpected things.Otherwise your entire may be upset.Message 4 Plan at least one hour for each hour in class.How much study time you plan for each classroom hour depends on four things:(1)your ability,(2)the difficult of the class,(3)the grades you hope to achieve, and(4)how well you use your study time.One thing, however, is certain: you should plan at least one hour of study for each classroom hour.In many cases, two of three hours will be required.Message 5 Keep your plan flexible.It is important that you re-plan your time on a weekly basis so that you can make certain changes when necessary.For example, before mid-term or final exams, you will want to give more time to reviewing.A good plan must be a little flexible so that special projects can be done well.Message 6 Study for some time each class day

Some solid work each day is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next.When you work your schedule, try to include at least two hours each day.This will not only keep your study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments.Message 7 Free on Saturday---study on Sunday.It is good to stop all study activities for one full day.Many students choose Saturday for sports or social activities.Sunday, on the other hand, seems to be the best study day for many students.It is a good day to catch up on back reading and other assignments.

第二篇：2018 春 综合英语一 期末考试复习题型

综合英语一 期末考试题型

第一部分：交际用语选择题（10*2）

作业

第二部分：阅读理解选择题（10*2）

课外题目 第三部分：词汇结构选择题（15*2）

作业及课后练习

第四部分：选词填空（20*1）课文重点段落（参见复习练习）第五部分：翻译选择题（5*2）课后练习

第三篇：英语阅读理解之综合训练一

英语阅读理解之综合训练一

一.先通读，后细读

If you know me well, you know I don't like birthday parties.At least, I don't like birthday parties given for me.① I enjoy them when they’re for other people, but when they’re for me, I just don't like them.I remember one birthday party some friends of mine had for me when I was a student at the university.Of course, I had told my best friend Henry that I didn't want a party and I made him promise he wouldn't do anything.He agreed.I should have known better than to believe him.②

On the day of my birthday, we got home from school at about, oh, I don't know, three or half past three.We went inside and as usual I went into the bathroom and started to close the door when suddenly from behind the shower curtain(浴帘), a kind of strange female(女)voice started singing, “Happy birthday to you, happy birthday to you.”

And then from all over the room, people joined in.There were about fifteen people hiding everywhere in the room.They had got my roommate's key and got in earlier.They had all planned to come out of the hiding place just at the same time while singing.I guess I really upset their plans by going in just to wash my hands.③

1.Which of the following sentences is NOT true? A.I got home from school at 3 or 3:30 on the day of my birthday.B.I dislike birthday parties held for me.C.Henry agreed that he would not do anything on my birthday.D.I knew there were some of my friends hiding in my room.2.I usually went into the ______ when I got home from school.A.living room

B.bedroom

C.bathroom

D.diningroom

3.What did my friends plan to do?

A.They planned to leave the room as soon as possible.B.They planned to sing as loudly as they could.C.They planned to eat in the bathroom.D.They had planned to come out of hiding places together.难句注释

① At least, I don't like birthday parties given for me.至少我不喜欢为我开的生日晚会。

② I should have known better than to believe him.我本应知道他要做什么而不该相信他的。

should have known是虚拟语气，意为“本应知道而未知”。

③ I really upset their plans by going in...我进去只是洗一下手，却真的打乱了他们的计划。

二.略读: 在运用这一方法阅读文章时，要特别注意：①文章的标题；②文章的首句或引导性段落；③文章尾部的结论性词语；④反映段落中心思想的主题句。如果我们找到了每段的主题句，再将这些主题句集中在一起，就差不多能够把握住全文的中心内容了。

Some British and American people like to invite friends for a meal at home.But you should not be upset(难受的)if your English friends don't invite you home.It doesn't mean they don't like you!

Dinner parties usually start between 7 and 8 p.m., and end at about 11.Ask your hosts what time you should arrive.It's polite to bring flowers, chocolates or a bottle of wine as a gift.Usually the evening starts with drinks and snacks(小吃).① Do you want to be more polite? Say how much you like the room, or the picture on the wall.But remember—its not polite to ask how much things cost.In many families, the husband sits at one end of the table and the wife sits at the other end.They eat with their guests.You'll probably start the meal with soup or something small, then you'll have meat or fish with vegetables, and then dessert, followed by coffee.It's polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want it.②

Did you enjoy the evening? Call your hosts the next day, or write them a short thankyou letter.British and American people like to say “ Thank you, thank you, thank you.”all the time!

1.If you are going to attend a dinner party,____.A.you‟d better bring a certain present with you

B.you must leave home for it at 7 p.m.C.you should ask your host when you should leave

D.you must arrive at it before 8 p.m.2.In which order will you eat or drink the following things at the meal?

A.Snacks, vegetables, meat and coffee.B.Coffee, drinks, soup, fish, vegetables and dessert.C.Soup, meat with vegetables, dessert and coffee.D.Drinks, soup, something small, fish and vegetables.3.Which is the correct way in which you express your enjoyment of the evening?

A.Before leaving for home, you should say, “Thank you for inviting me.”

B.When you shake hands with your host, you should say, “I did enjoy the evening.”

C.You can write a thank-you letter to your host after that.D.You should finish everything on your plate and take more if you want it.难句注释

① Usually the evening starts with drinks and snacks.通常晚宴都是以一些饮料和小吃开始的。② Its polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want it.礼貌的做法是吃完你盘里的所有食物，如果还想吃的话再添一些。句首的it是形式主语。

三.查读: 查读(scanning)，也称为扫描式阅读，是指用较短的时间快速扫视文章，查找具体信息或相关事实与细节的阅读技巧。查读有一定的目的性，是带着问题寻找答案的阅读方法，在考试中具有很高的实用价值。

Last year I went to Nepal(尼泊尔)for three months to work in a hospital.I think it's important to see as much of a country as you can, but it is difficult to travel around Nepal.The hospital let me have a few days holiday, so I decided to go into the jungle(丛林)and I asked a Nepalese guide, Kamal Rai, to go with me.We started our trip at six in the morning with two elephants carrying our equipment.It was hot, but Kamal made me wear shoes and trousers to protect me from snakes.① In the jungle there was a lot of wildlife, but we were trying to find big cats, especially tigers.We climbed onto the elephants backs to see better, but it is unusual to find tigers in the afternoon because they sleep in the daytime.Then, in the distance, we saw a tiger, and Kamal told me to be very quiet.We moved nearer and found a dead deer.This was the tigers lunch!I started to feel very frightened.We heard the tiger a second before we saw it.It jumped out suddenly, five hundred kilos plus and four meters long.It grabbed(咬住)Kamal's leg between its teeth, but I succeeded(成功)in pulling Kamal away.② One of our elephants ran at the tiger and made it go back into the grass, so we quickly escaped to let the tiger eat its lunch.That night it was impossible to sleep.1.The writer of the passage must be____.A.a Nepalese doctor

B.a foreign tourist

C.a Nepalese traveler D.a foreign doctor 2.What made the writer suddenly start to feel very frightened? A.He heard the noise of the tiger.B.He saw the tiger in the distance.C.He realized that they were in danger.D.He knew that the tiger was in danger.3.What was unusual about the tiger?

A.It hunted a deer on a hot afternoon.B.It was 500 kilos plus and four meters long.C.It was afraid of an elephant.D.It almost killed the Nepalese guide.难句注释

① It was hot, but Kamal made me wear shoes and trousers to protect me from snakes.尽管天很热，但Kamal却让我穿上了长裤和鞋以保护自己不受蛇的伤害。

② It grabbed Kamals leg between its teeth, but I succeeded in pulling Kamal away.它紧紧咬住Kamal 的腿，可我还是成功地将Kamal 拉走了。

四.默读：专家认为，做阅读理解不应该是读，而应该是看。默读有利于发展阅读者的内部语言，有利于强化理解，有利于提高阅读速度。测试表明，我们朗读时，一分钟能念125个字就已很不错了，而默读时，每分钟可读150个字以上，有人阅读小说时甚至可达每分钟600字。

As one comes to some crossroads, he or she sees a sign which says that drivers have to stop when they come to the main road ahead.① At other crossroads, drivers have to go slow, but they do not actually have to stop unless, of course, there is something coming along the main road;and at still others, they do not have either to stop or to go slow, because they are themselves on the main road.Mr Williams, who was always a very careful driver, was driving home from work one evening when he came to a crossroad.It had a “SLOW” sign.He slowed down when he came to the main road, looked both ways to see that nothing was coming, and then drove across without stopping completely.At once he heard a police whistle(口哨声), so he pulled into the side of the road and stopped.② A policeman walked over to him with a notebook and a pen in his hand and said, “You didnt stop at that crossing.”

“But the sign there doesn't say „STOP‟.” answered Mr Williams, “It just says „SLOW‟, and I did go slow.”

The policeman looked around him, and a look of surprise came over his face.③ Then he put his notebook and pen away, scratched(抓)his head and said, “Well，I'm in the wrong street！”

1.Mr Williams was driving ____ one evening.A.to a party

B.to his office

C.home after work

D.to work from home 2.When he was stopped by a policeman, he ____.A.was driving at a high speed

B.was driving onto the main road

C.was going to stop his car

D.was driving slowly

3.Though slowly, Mr Williams continued driving at the crossing because____.A.he didn't see any “STOP” sign there

B.he paid no attention to the traffic rules

C.he didn't have to stop

D.he was eager to get home 4.Looking round Mr Williams, the policeman was surprised because____.A.he met a mad man

B.he realized that he himself was mistaken

C.Mr Williams dared to speak to him like that

D.Mr Williams would not apologize to him 难句注释

①a sign which says that drivers have to stop when they come to the main road ahead.一个让驾驶员到了主干道就得停下来的标牌。

②pull into the side of the road and stop 转向路边并停了下来

③The policeman looked around him, and a look of surprise came over his face.这个警察朝他的周围看了看，脸上露出惊讶的表情。

五.注意阅读速度：

一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效地吸收有用信息。合理的快速阅读可以使阅读者思想高度集中，在阅读中积极思维，不时作出归纳、演绎、对比、推测，正确理解篇章大意。没有一定的阅读速度，就不能顺利地输入信息，阅读理解的成效也会大大地降低。

高考要求每分钟读60个字，但我们在平常练习时应达到并超过这个基本标准，以便在高考中能给自己挤出更多时间去进行思考。我们要培养快速阅读的能力，就必须克服指读、回读、重读等不良习惯，不要把注意力过度集中在孤立的单词上，以致于对整句、整段的意思把握不清。与此同时，我们还应注意运用多种阅读技巧，如略读、扫读、跳读等来搜寻关键词、主题句，理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

Julia lived in the countryside, but one year she decided to visit the capital city to do some shopping and to see the sights.She stayed at a hotel near the central market.She had seldom been to the city before, and was very excited about what she would find.On the first morning of her visit, as she walked from the hotel to the market, she passed a beggar(乞丐).He was holding up a notice, which said, “Blind from birth.Please give generously(慷慨地).①”

Julia felt sorry for the blind beggar and she bent down and put a dollar coin into his bowl.“Thank you.” he said.The same thing happened again the following day.On the third day, however, Julia did not have a dollar coin.She had only fifty cents, so she dropped this into the beggars bowl.“What have I done wrong?” the beggar said, “Why are you so stingy(吝啬的)today?” Julia was very surprised at what the beggar said.“How do you know I haven't given you a dollar?” she said, “If you’re blind you can't know what coin I put into your bowl.” “Ah,” explained the beggar,“The truth is that I'm not blind.I'm just looking after this place for the regular beggar while he’s on holiday.②” “On holiday?” Julia said, “And what exactly does your blind friend do on holiday?”

“He goes into the countryside,” the man said, “and takes photographs.He's a very good photographer.”

1.Where was the beggar sitting? A.Between Julia's hotel and the market.B.In the busiest part of the city.C.Outside the shops.D.In the market.2.On the first two days, ____.A.the blind man waited for Julia

B.Julia gave the blind man some money C.the blind man demanded money from Julia

D.Julia gave him nothing 3.On the third day, the blind man____.A.accepted Julia's fifty cents quite happily

B.noticed that Julia had only given him fifty cents C.refused Julia's fifty cents

D.also received one dollar from Julia 难句注释

① He was holding up a notice, which said, “Blind from birth.Please give generously.” 他举着一个告示，上面写着“生来双目失明，请慷慨解囊！”。

② I’m just looking after this place for the regular beggar while he’s on holiday.那个经常在这儿的乞丐度假去了，我只是帮他照看一下场子。

自我检测:

时间： 20 分钟

共17题

对_______题

认识_______新单词 Passage 1

If you do not use your arms or your legs for some time, they become weak;when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again.Everybody knows that.Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way.When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it.When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong.If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his fault.But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame, and few of us know that it is just his own fault.Have you ever found that some people can't read or write but they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things;they cannot write them down in a little notebook.They have to remember days, names, songs and stories;so their memory is the whole time being exercised.1.The main reason for one's poor memory is that ______.A.his father or mother may have a poor memory

B.he does not use his arms or legs for some time C.his memory is not often used

D.he can't read or write 2.If you do not use your arms or legs for some time, _______.A.you can't use them any more

B.they will become stronger C.they will become weak and won't become strong until you use them again D.they will become weak but they slowly become strong again 3.Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Your memory works in the same way as your arms or legs.B.Your memory like your arms or legs, becomes weak if you do not give it enough chance for practice.C.Don't learn how to read and write if you want to have a better memory.D.A good memory comes from more practice.4.Some people can't read or write, but they usually have better memories, because_______.A.they have saved much trouble

B.they have saved much time to remember things C.they have to use their memories all the time

D.they can't write everything in a little notebook 5.Give the best title for this passage.A.Don't Stop Using Your Arms Or Legs

B.How To Have A Good Memory C.Strong Arms And Good Memories

D.Learn From The People 词汇扩展

① memory n.记忆力 ② fault n.过错

③ blame v.受指责 ④ title n.标题 Passage 2

Fish hear sounds, though they have simply no ears outside their bodies.However, fish do have ears inside their bodies, near the brain, and they hear very well with them.Some fish have been taught to recognize the difference between sounds better than some human beings do.Many underwater animals make noises only by chance while they are doing something else.Other sounds are real communications of a simple sort, telling one fish of the presence and direction of another.A few noises may be warning messages or discovery of food, etc.The earliest scientific report on fish sounds referred to one of these.A new field in science is learning to recognize and use underwater birds and other land creatures by their calls.But this method is a greater challenge than bird-watching, for many of the animals of the sea cannot be followed in any other known way.Their voices cry for attention.Yet we still have too little knowledge about many of the call makers which will some day be made known more fully.It is as though the great oceans were for daring man to invade them and to learn the secrets of the place from which his forefathers came so long ago.1.After reading the passage, we can conclude that _______.A.many fish often make meaningless noises

B.sound cannot pass through some fish bodies C.sound waves can easily be felt by fish bodies

D.some fish can easily understand some land creatures' calls 2.Recognizing underwater animals _______.A.is totally different from recognizing land creatures by their calls B.is more difficult than recognizing land creatures by their calls C.will change people's knowledge of fish

D.is more or less a battle 3.One of the earliest scientific reports on fish sounds was about ______.A.noises made occasionally by underwater animals

B.some sort of communication between fish C.the difference between sounds

D.what sort of fish the call maker was 4.From the last sentence, we can learn that_______.A.the human beings have invaded the oceans for long

B.more secrets of the great oceans are to be found out C.only very brave people can make use of the great ocean D.people are fighting each other to become the masters of the great oceans 词汇扩展

① presence n.存在 ② invade v.涌入

Passage 3

If you are like most people, your intelligence is different from season to season.You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of the year.A well-known scientist, Ellsworth Huntington(1876－1947), concluded from other men's work and his own among peoples in different climates that climate and temperature have an obvious effect on our mental abilities.He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than summer heat.This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in the summer than they are during the rest of the year.It does mean, however, that the mental abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in the summer.Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking.One reason may be that in the spring man's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature.Fall is the next best season, then winter.As for summer, it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation ROM thinking!1.Huntington based his conclusion on _______.A.records of changes in his own intelligence

B.work with peoples in different climates

C.records of temperature changes

D.all of the above 2.Ellsworth Huntington decided that climate and temperature have _______.A.a great effect on everyone's intelligence

B.effect on most people's intelligence

C.effect on only a few people's intelligence

D.no effect on people's intelligence 3.One possible reason why spring is the best season for thinking is that _______.A.all nature, including man, is growing then

B.it lasts longer than the other seasons C.it is neither too warm nor too cold

D.both A and C 4.The best seasons for thinking seem to be _______.A.spring and fall

B.winter and summer

C.summer and spring

D.fall and winter 5.According to the selection, vacation from thinking should be taken _______.A.several times throughout the year

B.during spring and fall

C.during the summer

D.as seldom as possible 词汇扩展

① intelligence n.智力 ② climate n.③ abilities n.④ tend to be 往往是

⑤ factor n.因素 ⑥ vacation n.假期

Passage 4 Even if you are a good high-jumper, you can jump only about seven feet off the ground.You can not jump any higher because the earth pulls you hard.The pull of the earth is called gravity.You can easily find out the pull of the earth.If you weigh yourself, you will know how much gravity is pulling you.Since there is gravity, water runs downhill.When you throw a ball into the air, it falls back down.Because of gravity you do not fall off the earth as it whirls around.Then can we get a way from the earth and go far out into space? Now you can do it, because spaceships have been invented.The spaceship will go fast.It can escape the earth's gravity and carry you into space.1.In this passage, the word “gravity” means _______.A.the force of attraction among objects

B.the force which attracts the earth towards the sun C.the force which attracts objects towards the centre of the earth

D.the pull of everything 2.When you slip on something, you _______.A.sometimes fall down to ground

B.always fall down to the ground C.never fall down to the ground

D.go up into the air 3.Gravity is so strong that _______.A.it makes you jump only seven feet

B.it makes you go up into the air

C.it can keep everything on earth

D.it can throw a ball into the air 词汇扩展

① whirl v.旋转 ② attract v.吸引

③ slip vi.滑倒

英语阅读之美文背诵

Three Days to See(Excerpts)假如给我三天光明（节选）

All of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live.Sometimes it was as long as a year, sometimes as short as 24 hours.But always we were interested in discovering just how the doomed hero chose to spend his last days or his last hours.I speak, of course, of free men who have a choice, not condemned criminals whose sphere of activities is strictly delimited.Such stories set us thinking, wondering what we should do under similar circumstances.What events, what experiences, what associations should we crowd into those last hours as mortal beings, what regrets? Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow.Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life.We should live each day with gentleness, vigor and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come.There are those, of course, who would adopt the Epicurean motto of “Eat, drink, and be merry”.But most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death.In stories the doomed hero is usually saved at the last minute by some stroke of fortune, but almost always his sense of values is changed.He becomes more appreciative of the meaning of life and its permanent spiritual values.It has often been noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow sweetness to everything they do.Most of us, however, take life for granted.We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future.When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable.We seldom think of it.The days stretch out in an endless vista.So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.The same lethargy, I am afraid, characterizes the use of all our faculties and senses.Only the deaf appreciate hearing, only the blind realize the manifold blessings that lie in sight.Particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life.But those who have never suffered impairment of sight or hearing seldom make the fullest use of these blessed faculties.Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds hazily, without concentration and with little appreciation.It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill.I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight;silence would teach him the joys of sound.一.本文讲述了作者的朋友们想为他开生日party以给他意外惊喜的事。

1.D.由第三段 “I went into the bathroom...when suddenly from behind...”可知“我”并不知情。

2.C.由第二段 “We went inside and as usual I went into the bathroom...” 推知。

3.D.由最后一段 “They had all planned to come out of...just at the same time”推知。二.本文主要介绍了应邀参加英美人举办的家庭晚宴需注意的一些礼节。

1.A.由第二段“Its polite to bring...as a gift.”得知。

2.C.按第三、五两段中提出的进餐顺序可选出答案。

3.C.四个选项中只有C符合文末提出的感谢宴请的方式。三.本文描述了作者和向导在尼泊尔丛林遭遇老虎的经历。

1.D.据首句得知。

2.C.由第二段得知，作者感到害怕的原因是意识到处境危险。

3.A.由第一段末句 “...it is unusual to find tigers in the afternoon” 推知。

四.本文讲述了一个人明明遵守了交通规则，但由于警察自己站错了街道位置而产生了误会的故事。

1.C.文中第二段提到“...was driving home from work.”。

2.B.第二段中提到“He slowed down when he came to the main road...”。

3.C.根据文章意思，Mr Williams 只需要慢行，不必停下来。

4.B.根据文中“I'm in the wrong street!”可知警察最后知道是他自己弄错了。

五.本文讲述了Julia出于同情给了一个自称失明的乞丐几次钱后，发现该乞丐是假装失明来骗钱的真相的故事。1.A.从第二段第一句“...as she walked from the hotel to the market, she passed a beggar.”中可得出答案。2.B.从文中可以看出是Julia因为同情那个乞丐而主动给钱的。

3.B.乞丐注意到Julia只给了平时的一半时很不高兴，但并没有拒绝。

自我检测：1.CCCCB

2.CBBB

3.BBAAC

4.CBC

第四篇：大学生 英语综合教程(一),英语翻译

一

1.As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to.2.His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold.3.Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production.4.It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules./Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.5.It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage./The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage.二、1.Translate the sentences.1)Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet.We had to walk home.2)Mary seems to be very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by heart.3)Since the basketball match has been postponed, we might as well visit the museum.4)He stayed in Australia with his parents all the way through WWⅡ.5)Since I graduated from Nanjing University in 1985, I have kind oflost touch with my classmates.三、1)As is predicted by scientists, global pollution has become one of the most serious problems humans are faced with.2)Competition for these jobs is very tough –we have five times as many applicants this year as we did last year/ there are five times as many applicants this year as there were last year.3)As the facts show, educational programs need to fit into the national plan for economical development.4)The car burns too much gas, and moreover, the price is almost twice as much as I intend to pay.5)To understand a great international event, we, first of all, need to consider the historical and political background to it.四、1)It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hope will be acceptable to both sides.2)Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked by giant snakes.3)Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property.4)I bought a new issue of my favorite sports magazine and hurried home, anxious to amuse myself reading it.5)

五、1)I’m not sure where you can find a good carpenter---you’d better ask around.2)Feeling a little embarrassed, he quickly cleared his throat and looked up at the painting on the wall.3)Michael was survived by three sons, two daughters, and his wife Elizabeth.4)As a financial expert, William advised us to invest our money in the stock market.5)We small retailers can’t compete with supermarkets in pricing and sales.六、1)Before I went off to university, my grandfather gave me a few words of wisdom which impressed me deeply.2)Never tell my parents about my injuries and I’ll be very grateful to you(for it).Helen lacks confidence.I’ve never known anyone so unsure of herself.3)At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensible suggestions about improving our working environment.4)The management has/have agreed to grant the workers a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure.5)It was very thoughtful of the hostess to give the house a thorough cleaning before we arrived.

第五篇：英语综合

Smart Device Translates American Sign Language To English 智能传感器把美国手语翻译成英文

American Sign Language(ASL), has been one of the primary means of communication for the deaf in the United States and many parts of Canada since the 1800s.It is estimated that between 500,000 to 2 million people use the language on a regular basis.19世纪来，美国手语已成为美国和加拿大大部分地区失聪之人交流的主要方式。据估算，大约有50万-200万的人经常使用这种语言。

But popular as it is, there are millions of people with normal hearing that do not understand the language.And while most deaf Americans learn to speak with the help of speech therapy, many find it easier to communicate through sign language.Now a team of researchers at the Texas A&M University has created wearable technology that will make it easy for ASL and non-ASL users to converse.美国手语虽然流行，但仍有上百万正常人无法理解手语。虽然美国大多数失聪的人借助语言障碍矫正能发声，但他们还是觉得肢体语言交流更方便些。现在德克萨斯州的A&M大学研究出一种可以实现美国手语和非手语互译的可穿戴设备 The smart device is the brainchild of a team led by Biomedical Engineering Associate Professor Roozbeh Jafari.It uses two separate sensors to translate intricate ASL gestures into plain English.The first that is fitted with an accelerometer and gyroscope keeps track of the significant movementsJP Morgan Chase and Bank of America are working on similar technology.花旗银行并非唯一一个测试无卡取款机的金融机构。摩根大通（JP Morgan Chase）和美国银行（Bank of America）也在研发类似的技术。

The moves comes in response to US credit scoring firm FICO announcing that in May this year the number of attacks on debit cards used at ATMs had reached its highest level in 20 years.今年5月，美国信用评分公司FICO宣布在自动取款机上使用的借贷卡遭到攻击的数量创20年新高，各个银行的举措旨在改善此现状。

Dmitry Melnichenko’s wife had doubts about his plan to quit his stable, nine-to-five job to work from home as a freelance web developer;there was the uncertain income stream, the lack of interaction with colleagues and their young daughter to think about.Dmitry Melnichenko打算辞去朝九晚五的稳定工作，在家当一名自由网络开发员的时候，他的妻子有过疑虑：收入来源不稳定，缺乏与同事的互动，而且他们还有个小女儿，这些都是需要考虑的问题。But not only has Mr Melnichenko earned more since going solo than his wife expected, now Mrs Melnichenko, a financial controller with a large Ukrainian agricultural company, is also quitting her job and training as a coder — joining more than 120,000 Ukrainian freelancers pitching for work on online platforms like Upwork.然而，不仅是梅利尼琴科自从单干后收入超出了妻子的预期，如今就连梅利尼琴科的太太也辞去了在乌克兰一家大型农业公司担任财务总监的工作，开始学习编程，加入了乌克兰12万多人的自由职业者大军，在Upwork等在线平台上争取工作。

“Previously I was working with one of the biggest outsourcing companies on supply chain management.But now I can work from home and I have my own clients, so I have much more freedom,” says Mr Melnichenko.Mr Melnichenko说：“以前我在一家大型外包公司从事供应链管理工作。但现在我可以在家办公，我有了自己的客户，因此我的自由度大大提高了。”

Ukraine’s army of freelancers, the fourth-largest in Upwork’s global network, earned $61m in 2014.For the mainly western companies that dole out jobs on the website, Ukrainian web and mobile developers are cheap, responsive and easily assessed based on verified reviews by previous clients.乌克兰自由职业者大军的人数在Upwork全球网络中排名第四，2014年他们共收入6100万美元。在该网站上发布工作的主要是西方公司，根据过往用户的点评，在这些公司看来，乌克兰的网络和移动开发人员价格便宜，响应及时，而且联系方便。

Digital platforms like Upwork, which act as marketplaces matching freelancers with work, are bringing new opportunities to many people who were once on the fringes of the global workforce.But they are also becoming a hot political potato on both sides of the Atlantic.Upwork这样的将自由职业者和工作机会匹配起来的市场平台，为许多曾处于全球劳动力市场边缘地带的人带来新的工作机会。但这些平台也成为大西洋两岸一个政治上的烫手山芋。

to the backlash against ride-hailing service Uber, the type of work they are creating has come under intense scrutiny — in particular, the impact they are having on more traditional jobs that have come with secure pay and benefits.很大程度上由于打车服务优步遭到强烈反对，此类平台所创造的工作类型已被置于放大镜下审视，特别是就这些平台对那些有着稳定收入和福利的较传统工作造成了何种影响。

Freelancers have long accounted for a significant share of the work in some professions.But platforms like Uber and Upwork — a US-based company formed from the merger of Elance and Odesk — represent a new way to break jobs into piecemeal tasks and reach many more workers, potentially affecting a far wider range of work.自由职业者在某些行业早就占了相当大的比例。但优步和Upwork等平台代表了一种新方式，它们将工作拆分成零碎的任务，能够联系到更多劳动者，这一方式很可能会影响广泛得多的工作类型。Upwork是一家美国公司，由Elance和Odesk合并而成。

Along with marketplaces for drivers and professionals, companies jumping on this bandwagon include those providing so-called “on-demand” services, from Instacart(grocery shopping)to Handy(home cleaning)and Task Rabbit(for an almost limitless range of small errands).加入这股潮流的除了面向司机和专业人士的市场平台，还有提供所谓“按需”服务的公司，包括提供食品杂货服务的Instacart、提供家庭保洁的Handy，以及提供几乎各种跑腿服务的Task Rabbit。In Europe, “these platforms aren’t yet at the scale of the US, they are only just emerging — but we estimate the same trends” will follow, says Jacques Bughin, a partner at McKinsey in Brussels.McKinsey驻布鲁塞尔合伙人雅克布金(Jacques Bughin)表示：“这些平台（在欧洲）才刚刚出现，还达不到它们在美国的规模，但我们估计这里也会出现相同的势头。”

For the Melnichenkos and others, the rapid expansion of a digital marketplace for casual labour has offered greater flexibility and opportunities they wouldn’t otherwise have had.Mr Melnichenko says the arrival of online freelance platforms has meant he doesn’t have to move to Kiev from his home town of Zaporizhia.对于梅利尼琴科等人来说，要不是互联网兼职市场的快速扩张，他们不会得到如此多的灵活性和机会。梅利尼琴科说网上兼职平台的出现意味着他不用从家乡小镇扎波罗热搬到基辅去。In the first three months of 2015 alone, 16,000 Ukrainian freelancers registered with Upwork;many thousands of them fresh school or university graduates, attracted by the promise of high earnings and flexible conditions.Mobile and web developers are the most highly sought workers but graphic designers and translators are also pitching for jobs.仅2015年第一季度，乌克兰就有1.6万名自由职业者在Upwork上注册，其中有数千人刚从高中或大学毕业，吸引他们的是高额收入的前景以及灵活的工作方式。最抢手的是移动和网络开发人员，但也有不少图形设计和翻译在上面寻找工作机会。

“All of a sudden, someone with a particular profile — a talent, or work availability — can be matched with a need,” says James Manyika, a partner at McKinsey.That pulls more people into the workforce who were marginalised before, either because they couldn’t find a job or were working fewer hours than they wanted.“This is often lost in the debate,” he says.James Manyika说：“突然之间，某一特定人群——拥有专业技能或空余时间的人，可以与工作需求相匹配了。”这让更多人进入劳动力市场，这些人以前要么是找不到工作，要么是工作时长达不到自己的目标。他说：“在这场辩论中，人们往往忘记了这一点。”

The emergence of new digital platforms will add 2.5 per cent to European employment numbers by 2025, with some countries like Spain potentially seeing twice that growth, according to McKinsey — though the higher numbers are partly the result of making work previously done in the informal “grey economy” visible by pulling it on to online marketplaces.McKinsey表示，至2015年，新数字平台的出现将让欧洲就业人数增加2.5%，西班牙等国家的就业人数增幅可能还会两倍于这个数字。不过就业人数提高的部分原因，在于数字平台将此前在非正规“灰色经济”中完全的一些工作放到了在线市场平台上，让这些原本不为人知的工作暴露在了阳光下。The overall effect is “greater participation” — a factor that could lift the GDP of the UK and Germany by nearly 1 percentage point over the next decades, consultants say.咨询业人士表示，总体效果是“提高了工作参与率”，未来十年这一因素可以将英国和德国两国的国内生产总值(GDP)提高近1个百分点。

In the US, digital platforms already provide a material source of income for many, according to Mary Meeker, a partner at venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers.The average professional finding work on Thumbtack earns $8,000 a year, with Airbnb users making $7,700 and eBay sellers pull in $3,000, she says — meaningful given most see these as supplemental forms of income.Companies like Uber also argue that many of their workers rely on several different platforms to make a living, making it unfair to judge them on the basis of their earnings from a single marketplace.风投公司凯鹏华盈(Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers)合伙人玛丽猠克(Mary Meeker)表示，数字平台在美国已经成为许多人的重要收入来源。她说在Thumbtack上找活儿的专业人士平均能每年能赚到8000美元，Airbnb用户和eBay卖家的这个数字分别是7700美元和3000美元，考虑到这对于他们中大多数人只是外快，这已经不是个小数目了。优步等公司也认为，它们的许多员工都是同时在几个平台上接单，基于他们在单一平台上的收入来评判是不公平的。

But by opening up work to people who were unable to compete easily in a global market for talent, digital marketplaces have already produced some clear winners.Dennis Vorobyov, a web developer whose company, GBKSOFT, also bids for jobs on Upwork, says his mother, a doctor with over 25 years experience, earns less in one month than many of his web developer friends can earn from US clients in one day.数字市场将工作提供给一些原本无法轻易在全球人才市场上参与竞争的人，由此已经促成了一些明显的赢家。Dennis Vorobyov是一名网络开发人员，他的公司GBKSOFT也在Upwork上寻找工作。丹尼斯说他母亲是一名医生，有25年工作经验，但她一个月的收入还不如他的网络开发员朋友从美国客户那儿一天赚的钱多。

“People are now dreaming of becoming programmers, we have more and more schools offering courses in programming,” he says.“This is a big change in psychology;young Ukrainians these days are brave;they aren’t scared to register online and start freelancing.It’s a different attitude to life and money.” 丹尼斯说：“人们现在都梦想成为程序员，我们有越来越多的学校提供编程课程。这是心理上的一个重大变化，如今的乌克兰年轻人是勇敢的，他们不惧怕在网上注册成为一名自由职业者。这是一种不同的生活观和金钱观。”

He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。

SEVENTY years ago, the United Nations was formed as the expression of a simple choice: cooperation instead of war.Humanity would stand as one against conflict, poverty and disease.All the world’s voices would be heard.70年前，联合国的建立表明，人类做出了一个简单的选择：合作而非战争。全人类应该团结起来，应对冲突、贫穷和疾病。世界上所有人的声音都应被听到。At least, that was the plan.至少，那时是这样计划的。

We’ve come a long way.We’ve halted and reversed the spread of killer diseases, extended life expectancy and raised incomes.We’ve even walked ourselves back from the edge of some global conflicts and catastrophes.But progress has not been evenly distributed.Too many people have been left outside of a mostly urban, mostly Northern success story.我们一路走来取得了极大的进展。我们遏制和扭转了致命疾病的传播，延长了预期寿命，提高了收入水平。我们甚至将自己从一些全球性冲突和灾难的边缘拉了回来。但是人类的进步并不均衡。成功的故事主要在城市、在北半球，而太多的人被遗忘在这些成功故事之外。

Seeing that, world leaders put forth a new set of global goals in New York last week.If we want to build a world where not just some but all get to live in security and prosperity, there’s a lot still to do, as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development signed off on by United Nations member states shows.目睹这些现象，世界各国领导人上周在纽约提出了一系列新的全球目标。如果我们希望构建一个不仅让一部分人，而是让全体人都可以生活在安全与繁荣中的世界，我们仍有很多工作要做。联合国成员国签署的《2030年可持续发展议程》就体现了这一点

It lists 17 goals and 169 targets, and one of these, 9(c), is a target that we believe is crucial to accelerate realization of all the others: a commitment to provide Internet connectivity for all by 2020.议程中列出17项总体目标和169项具体目标。我们相信其中一项目标，即编号9(c)的目标，对促成其他所有目标的实现是至关重要的：承诺到2020年，让全世界所有人接入互联网。

Today over half the people on this planet don’t have access.That is not good for anyone — not for the disempowered and disconnected, and not for the other half, whose commerce and security depend on having stable societies.今天，我们这个星球上超过半数的人无法接入网络。这对任何人来说都不是好事——对那些处于劣势、未能连入网络的人并非好事，对另外一半也一样，因为后者的利益和安全都依托于社会的稳定 An unprecedented array of technologists and activists — from Mo Ibrahim to Bill and Melinda Gates, action/2015, Ushahidi and Sahara Reporters have come together to support a global Connectivity Declaration, pledging their support for the new global goals and connecting the world to opportunity.This needs to become a global movement.从穆·易卜拉欣(Mo Ibrahim)到比尔和梅琳达·盖茨(Bill and Melinda Gates)，从“行动/2015”(action/2015)到“见证者”(Ushahidi)，再到“撒哈拉记者”(Sahara Reporters)，一系列科技界人士和活动人士史无前例地联合起来，支持一项全球“互连宣言”。他们承诺会支持新的全球目标，让全世界与机遇相连。这需要成为一项全球性的运动。

In this century, global development and global connectivity are closely linked.If you want to help people feed, heal, educate and employ themselves around the world, we need to connect the world as well.The Internet should not belong to only three billion people, as it does today.It should be seen as a necessity for development, and a tool that makes larger things possible.这个世纪，全球发展与全球网络互联是密切相关的。想要协助世界各地的人得到饱足、医疗、教育并自力更生，我们也需要让全世界接入网络。互联网不应该像今天这样，只属于30亿人口。它应该被视为发展的必需品，一个用来成就更远大目标的工具。

In Ethiopia and Tanzania, for example, farmers connect to get better prices, track inventory and make mobile insurance payments in case of bad weather.In Nigeria, citizens use BudgIT, a mobile app, to assess whether governments keep their spending promises.The opportunity is especially great for women.Men have significantly more access to the web, but when women get connected, they use technology as a pathway to better education, health, economic status and security.In Guatemala, cellphones inform mothers how to have healthy pregnancies.In Kenya, women receive financial services via their cellphones thanks to the brilliant M-Pesa microfinance scheme.以埃塞俄比亚和坦桑尼亚为例，当地的农民可利用网络争取较高的售价、追踪库存、通过移动设备支付保险费用，以防天有不测风云。尼日利亚公民可以利用BudgIT这个手机app，来监督政府是否遵守承诺运用开支。对女性来说这尤其是个大好机会。虽然男性连线上网的机会要多得多，不过如果女性也能使用网络，她们就能借助科技手段，寻求更好的教育、健康、经济地位与人身安全。危地马拉的准妈妈能使用手机学习如何在孕期保持健康。而在肯尼亚，借助M-Pesa这个出色的微型贷款计划，妇女们能够通过手机获得金融服务。

In the last few weeks, we’ve watched desperate refugees seek shelter on the frontiers of Europe.Smartphones have made it possible for those left behind to communicate with loved ones across checkpoints and razor wire.The Internet connected our world in shared grief as a Syrian child’s death on a beach in Turkey came to symbolize every refugee.Social media carried the message and changed not just popular opinion but public policy.过去几周，我们看到许多难民铤而走险，在欧洲边境寻求庇护。智能手机使得那些留在当地的难民，得以与跨过了检查站和铁丝网的亲人保持连系。网络使全世界人，共同为一个死在土耳其海滩上的叙利亚男童哀悼，使他成为了每位难民的共同象征。社交网络不只传递了信息，同时也促成了公众意见与公共政策的改变。

It’s one thing to say we should connect the world.The real trick is how.然而用网络连结全世界说来容易，做起来难。

There’s no simple solution or silicon bullet.并不存在简便的解决方案，或者一蹴而就的技术工具

In many places, increasing connectivity will have to start with extending access to energy.Nine out of 10 rural Africans don’t have electricity.Governments can make the difference.This is why we support initiatives like President Obama’s Power Africa plan and the bipartisan Electrify Africa Act in Congress, as well as the African Development Bank’s investments in renewable energy.在许多地方，想普及网络连接，得先从普及能源供应开始着手。非洲农村地区的民众十分之九没有电力可用，政府当局可以在这个方面带来改变。这就是我们为什么要支持奥巴马总统提出的“电力非洲计划”(Power Africa)、两党在国会共同提出的《非洲电气化法案》(Electrify Africa Act)，以及非洲开发银行(African Development Bank)对可再生能源的投资。

Where governments lay the foundation, the private sector can build.Promising efforts are underway to bridge the digital pide.But we know the global community can, and must, do more — and urgently.The Intel Foundation’s work in STEM education, Microsoft’s use of technology to advance the Millennium Development Goals and Google’s Project Loon to connect remote locations illustrate how technology leaders are prioritizing this effort, as is Internet.org, Facebook’s contribution to meeting the challenge.政府打下基础之后，私营部门就能继续建设。我们为缩小数字鸿沟所付出的努力前景可期。不过我们也很清楚，世界各国可以也应该作出更多贡献，而这是刻不容缓的。英特尔基金会(Intel Foundation)为理工和数学教育所做的工作，微软利用科技推进千年发展目标(Millennium Development Goals)的努力，以及谷歌为偏远地区提供网络接入的热气球计划(Project Loon)，都显示出科技巨头将此视为当务之急。Facebook旗下的Internet.org也为应对挑战做出了贡献

More technology companies and entrepreneurs must take more responsibility.Silicon Valley should look beyond itself and act more on issues like education, health care and the refugee crisis.We challenge the tech industry to do far more for those most marginalized, those trapped in poverty, and those beyond or on the edge of the network.需要有更多科技公司与企业家承担起更多责任。硅谷不只应该关注自身，还应该采取更多行动，应对教育、医疗及难民危机等议题。我们想对科技产业提出挑战，替那些最边缘化、为贫穷所困，还有那些网络所不能及的人群，付出更大努力。

All the global goals must be scored — but the goal of connectivity for everyone everywhere will surely hurry this game-that’s-not-a-game to its successful conclusion.Hurry being the operative word here.所有的全球目标都必须达成，然而让世界各地的所有人都接入互联网的目标，肯定能加速这场并非儿戏的赛跑。“加速”理当成为我们的行动方针

If you've ever felt threatened walking home late at night, chances are you've phoned a loved one to make sure they know you're safe.如果你深夜步行回家时感到害怕，你极有可能向你爱的人打电话，向他们报平安。

But making calls not only makes your phone a target for thieves, it can also distract you from your surroundings, putting you at greater risk.但是打电话不仅会暴露手机成为小偷的目标，还会分散你对周围环境的注意力，将自己置于更危险的境地。

Now there's an app that lets your family or friends track your journey and will call for help automatically if it senses you're in trouble.现在有一款应用能让家人或朋友了解你的旅途足迹，当感应到你遇到危险时，自动求救。

Called Companion, the main feature that distinguishes it from other tracking and GPS apps, such as Apple's Find My Friends, is its 'Are you OK?' button.这款应用名为“同伴”。该应用的主要特色“你还好吗？”按钮使它与其他行迹和GPS应用不同。Before setting off on a journey, users input their starting point, their destination and a designated 'companion'.出发前，用户输入出发点和终点，然后授权一位“同伴”。This can be anyone in the user's contacts book, and they don't need to have the app installed.这个“同伴”可以是用户通讯录里的任何一个人，而他们不必安装此应用。

The 'companion' can then track the phone's GPS to see where their loved one is at any time, while the app will periodically show a button on the user's home screen asking 'Are you OK?' 然后这位“同伴”就可以跟踪手机的GPS随时了解他们爱的人所在的位置，而同时应用会定时在用户的主屏幕上显示一个按钮，询问“你还好吗？”。

If they don't press the button within 15 seconds, the companion is sent an alert.如果用户15秒内没有按下按钮，指定的“同伴”就会收到提醒。

The user is also given the option to call the police from within the app.而在用户的应用中也会出现报警的选项。

Elsewhere, the app can detect if a person has been running, or headphones have been removed from the audio jack suggesting the phone has been dropped, for example.此外，这款应用还可以检测一个人是否在奔跑，或者耳机是否从插孔里脱落，这可能表明手机已经掉了。

If this happens, the 'Are you OK?' button appears and the 15-second countdown starts automatically.如果这种情况发生，“你还好吗？”按钮就会出现，然后自动开始15秒的倒计时。

Companion is free for iOS and Android devices and users need to enter their mobile number to sign up to the service.苹果与安卓设备可以免费使用“同伴”，用户需要输入手机号码注册来获得此服务。

Although the app was designed in the US, it works with international numbers when they are prefixed with their country's code.尽管这款应用是在美国设计的，但是只要在前面输入国家代码，全世界的手机号码都可以使用。'Companion lets you reach out to family, friends or your campus police and have them keep an eye on you as you travel late at night,' explained the app's makers.应用设计者说，“当你深夜时分在外时，‘同伴’可以保持你与家人、朋友或校园警察的联系，他们可以实时注意你的动态。”

'If you start running, don't make it to your destination on time, have your headphones yanked out or your phone falls to the ground, we will check in on you to make sure everything is okay.如果你开始奔跑、没有准时到达目的地、耳机拔了出来或者手机掉到地上，我们都会尝试联系你，确认你一切安好。”

'You can also report areas that make you uneasy.Simply tap the 'I Feel Nervous' button and we'll pass this information on [the authorities].' 你也可以举报令你感到不安全的地方。很简单，按‘我感到紧张’按钮，我们会把相关信息传达给有关部门。”

Companion is similar to SafeTrek, an app that uses the pressure sensor of smartphone touchscreens to create an alarm that will call for help if the user lifts their finger off.同伴”和SafeTrek功能相似。SafeTrek是一款利用智能手机触屏压力感应器的应用，当用户松开手指时，应用会发出呼救的警报。