下载文档第一篇：考研英语“英译汉”精要
考研英语“英译汉”精要
—— 选自《红宝书考研英语10真题（系统精析）》
一、命题形式
要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分（约150词）译成汉语，译文要准确、完整、通顺。英译汉满分为10分。
二、考查要点
全国硕士研究生入学英语考试将英译汉试题作为阅读理解的一部分，其目的主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构，分析复杂的英语文字材料的能力,并用汉语正确予以表达的能力。
从语言技能方面，英译汉考查的要点放在理解和表达上，主要集中在词汇和句法两个层面，包括:
1.根据上下文推测词的词义，从一词多义中确定恰当的词义并用汉语予以准确表达；
2.理解英语特殊的表意方式和语序，并能准确地转换成符合汉语习惯的句子；
3.理解句子的句法结构、文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系，并以此为基础用汉语进行准确表达;
4.根据上下文进行有关的判断、推理和引申并用汉语进行正确表达；理解作者的意图、观点或态度并采用恰当的语域用汉语进行准确表达。
三、评分标准
研究生入学考试英译汉的标准，一是“准确”；二是“完整”；三是“通顺”。所谓“准确”，就是说译文要表达原文的内容和观点，不能加入自己的立场观点，不得随意增补;所谓的“完整”，就是说不能漏译原文的任何一部分;所谓的“通顺”，则是指译文语言合乎汉语的规范和语言习惯，不要有语病、错别字，力求通达。当然，“忠于原文”并不是要逐字逐句地机械地翻译。过分拘泥于原文反而经常造成译文的生涩难懂。
具体的评分标准主要有：
第一，如果句子译文扭曲原文意思，其得分最多不得超过1分。也就是说，如果考生译文和原文意思大相径庭，或与原文意思相悖，即使汉语表达得再流利，得分也不能超过1分。
第二，如果出现两种或两种以上正确译法，给分；其中一种译法错误者，酌情扣分，扣分最多不超过1分。某些考生做此部分试题的时候提供了两种或两种以上的译文。如果他提供的多种译文都正确，则给分；如果提供的译文中有一种译法错误，则酌情扣分，但是扣分不能超过1分。
第三，汉语错别字，不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分，无0.25扣分。
四、选材特点及命题趋势
2000年政府的社会经济职能政治经济议论文
2001年计算机与未来生活展望科普论说文
2002年行为科学的发展科普论说文
2003年人类学研究科普议论文
2004年语言与思维的关系文化论说文
2005年欧洲的电视传媒文化说明文
2006年美国知识分子社会文化论说文
2007年法律学习的地位和影响文化教育议论文
2008年达尔文对自己智力水平的评价文化议论文
2009年不同的教育方式及正规教育的地位文化教育议论文
2010年资源保护系统生态保护议论文
通过上表可以看出近十年来英译汉的文章，均是反映自然科学和社会科学的常识性题材，体裁主要是议论文和说明文。此外，通过对近年来的试题的研究可以看出，英译汉部分的命题还有以下两个趋势：
1.从文章的句子结构和语法来看,句子长,成分复杂,从句多。特别是定语从句、宾语从句、被动语态、代词指代和比较状语从句是考查的重点;
2.从词汇来看，一词多义，一词转义现象增多。要求考生必须根据上下文灵活地选译词义或将词义加以引申。很显然，词汇难度有增加的趋势。
五、解题思路
英译汉时考生应当注意以下几点：
1.首先应当看懂全文，抓住文章的中心意思，根据上下文来理解句子。上下文在理解中起到至关重要的作用，是正确理解原文的基础，因为命题的目的是要求考生在读懂全文的基础上对相关部分进行汉译。许多词语所指代的就是上下文提及的内容。脱离上下文孤立地对划线部分进行汉译，容易导致误译;
2.在句法层面，要理清句子结构和各成分之间的语法和逻辑关系，要特别注意一些复杂句子中的从句、短语的修饰关系；遇到长句子时，应该运用所学过的语法知识，弄清主、谓、宾是什么？有什么从句，从句与主句之间是什么样的关系等等。必要时可以用图解的方式分析句子的结构。
3.英语句子的特殊语序也应引起考生的注意。要求汉译的句子除了从属句、并列句较多之外，还常常有省略、插入、倒装的成分以及按照英美人的思维习惯
组织的特殊语序，由于英、美人的思维习惯与我们不同，因此，不少句子表意方式及语序与汉语的表达方式有很大的不同;
4.在词汇层面，考生应力戒避开上下文片面地理解试题中的词汇，因为试题中的词汇一词多义现象比较普遍，这就要求考生根据上下文内容确定词义或对词义进行引申。对英语中的一词多义和一词多词性的现象应给予更多的注意；
5.在动手翻译之前要想好译文是否符合上下文的联系和逻辑关系；
6.完成翻译后要通读一遍，避免不应犯的错误。
六、翻译技巧
(一)词的译法
1.词的选择
连词成句，句成篇章，这是行文的一般规律。词是篇章的基石。在翻译过程中，选词是一个重要方面。一词多词性和一词多义现象普遍存在于英汉两种语言，能不能从众多的近义词中选出最恰当的一个，在翻译中至关重要。选词恰当与否，一方面得看译者的语言功底，另一方面得参考上下文的语境，而后者起到了关键作用。对于词义的选择，我们可以通过两种方法来确定：
其一，我们可以通过词在句中的词性来选择和确定词义，如：He met the principal at the airport.他去机场接校长。（名词）/ The principal aim of the policy is to bring peace to the area.该政策的主要目的是为这一地区带来和平。（形容词）
其二，我们可以通过该词在上下文中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义，如：He was the last person who I expected to meet there.我怎么也没料到会在那遇见他。
2.译词技巧
在正确理解原词，确定词义后，还要通过适当的翻译技巧用规范的汉语表达出来。这些技巧有：
(1)增词法。根据需要增加一些词语，如表名词复数的词、动词、副词、表时态的词、语气词等，如：
After a series of experiments, important phenomena have been ascertained.一系列实验之后，许多重要现象被查明了。（表名词复数的词）
After the banquet, the ceremony and the conference, she came home tiredly.在参加宴会、出席典礼、召开会议后，她疲惫不堪地回到家。（动词）
The little boy sat down on the ground and began to cry with his face in his hands.那个小男孩双手捂着脸，一屁股坐到了地上，开始哭起来。（副词）I took part in the oral English competition.我参加了那次英语口语比赛。（表时态的词）
What a beautiful evening sky!
多美的夜空啊！（语气词）
(2)减词法。根据汉语习惯，删去一些词，如：
A teacher should have patience in his work.老师应当有耐心。
One can never get real rest without a peaceful mind.心情不平静是休息不好的。
Why do we feel cooler when we fan ourselves?
我们扇扇子时，为什么会感到凉快些？
(3)肯否表达法。原文为肯定句，译成汉语为增强修饰效果，可以译为否定句。反之亦然，如：
His refusal is not final.他的拒绝不是不可改变的。
The doubt was still unsolved after his explanation.经他解释后，疑团仍然存在。
(4)变换法。名词转译成动词、形容词转译成名词、名词转译成形容词、形容词转译成副词等，如：
Robots have found application for the exploration of the outer space.机器人已经被用于探索外空间。（名词转译成动词）
He is a stranger to the operation of the helicopter.他对直升机的操作很陌生。（名词转译成形容词）
The university aims at the first rate of the world.学校的目标是成为世界一流的大学。（动词转译成名词）
The Internet is different from traditional media in that it sends and receives information faster.因特网和传统媒体的区别就在于因特网可以更快地发送和接收信息。（形容词转译成名词）
Success is dependent on his efforts.成功与否取决于他的努力。（形容词转译成动词）
The pictures give a visual representation of the situation.这些图片直观地展示了当时的情景。（形容词转译成副词）
Internally the earth consists of two parts, a core and a mantle.地球的内部由两部分组成：地核和地幔。（副词转译成名词）
With all its shortcomings this composition is regarded as the best.尽管这篇作文有缺陷，但仍被认为是最佳的。（介词转译成连词）
(二)句子成分的转译
英语和汉语由于表达方式有所差异，所以在英译汉时，要考虑汉语的习惯用法，对英语原文的句子成分进行适当的转换，以便使汉语译文流畅地道、逻辑正确、重点突出。常见的句子转译方法有五种，即：主语转译、谓语转译、宾语转译、定语转译和状语转译。
Internally the earth consists of two parts, a core and a mantle.地球的内部由两部分组成：地核和地幔。（主语转译为定语）
The university aims at the first rate of the world.学校的目标是成为世界一流的大学。（谓语转译为主语）
He was the winner of that game.他赢了那场比赛。（宾语转译为谓语）
The pictures give a visual representation of the situation.这些图片直观地展示了当时的情景。（定语转译为状语）
Internally the earth consists of two parts, a core and a mantle.地球的内部由两部分组成：地核和地幔。（状语转译为主语）
(三)长句的译法
英语惯于使用长句，而汉语恰恰相反，常常使用短句，因而，在进行英译汉 时，要特别注意二者的差异，将英语长句分解，译为汉语短句。在处理英译汉长句时，常见的方法有：
1.顺译法：按照原文顺序进行翻译，如：
The purpose of this picture is that with the development of globalization, great
changes have taken place in the world, and one nations culture has been accepted by the people from another culture.该图想要说明的是：随着全球化的发展，世界各地也发生了巨大变化，一个民族的文化已经被其他民族所接受。
2.逆译法：顺序与原文顺序相反，如：
The School has six faculties, namely, English, Japanese, French, German, Russian and Korean.of Foreign Studies
该外语学院有英语、日语、法语、德语、俄语和韩语六个专业。
3.重复法：重复前一个词，如：
He spent all his salary of this month in buying her a gift, which she longed for a long time.他花了他这个月所有的工资给她买了一个礼物，这个礼物她向往已久了。
4.分译法：一个句子分成几个部分来翻译，如：
As the society becomes more and more moneyoriented, instead of taking good care of their parents, many young people turn to be so selfcentered that they eagerly try to avoid their responsibility of supporting their parents, regarding them as a heavy load.随着社会变得越来越以金钱为中心，许多年轻人并没有好好照顾自己的父母，而是变得太自私，以至于他们急切地想逃避赡养父母的责任，将父母视为沉重的包袱。
5.综合法：综合运用上述各种方法，如：
People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.尽管警察已接到命令，要做好准备以应付紧急情况，但人们不敢出门，因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措，无能为力。
(四)被动句的译法
被动句的使用是科技文体，特别是英语科技文体最为突出的篇章特点之一。在汉语中，我们可以通过“被、让、把、使、由、受到、为„„所”等来表达被动，但是，汉语中被动句的使用频率远远低于英语。因此，在进行英译汉时，要特别注意这一点，遇到英语被动句时，应遵循汉语习惯，能译为通顺的汉语被动句则译，否则，就译为主动句。换言之，被动句英译汉时，方法有二：
1.保留被动
The bird was killed by the boy.小鸟让那个男孩给弄死了。
2.转译主动
Rubber is found to be a good isolating material.人们发现橡胶是一种很好的绝缘材料。
(五)定语从句的译法
1.前置译法：将定语从句译为“„„ 的/者”，放在先行词之前，如：
We should offer our help to the poor children who are living in distance village and cant go to school.我们应该帮助那些生活在边远农村、不能上学的贫困儿童。
2.后置译法：用“这个”、“这”或重复先行词的办法引起另一个句子。He spent all his salary of this month in buying her a gift, which she longed for a long time.他花了他这个月所有的工资给她买了一个礼物，这个礼物她向往已久了。
第二篇：2015年考研英语英译汉复习策略
2015年考研英语英译汉复习策略
距离2015的考研还有半年，英语一直是大家比较重视的复习科目，其中的英译汉又是必考题型，所以我们要制定考研英语英译汉的考研复习策略，尽量复习时一次搞定，拿到这个题型的分数。
在考研英语大纲中，无论是英语一还是英语二，其中都有很多是必考题型，英译汉一直在考试中占有很重要的位置。首先说英语一中的英译汉，一般是阅读理解部分的Part C，题型是提供一篇约400词的文章，在5个句子下面划线，并且这5个句子往往是长难句，每一个句子2分，要求考生将画线句子译成中文，而文章内容抽象，语言结构比较复杂，考查考生对复杂语言结构和复杂长难句的分析能力。而英语二的考试中有单独的英译汉部分，要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语，翻译量与英语(一)基本相同，但是由于这是一个完整的语段理解和翻译，句子有长有短、有难有易，因此，与英语一5个划线的长难句相比，难度要小很多，而且采分点比较分散，有些很简单的句子也是采分点，考生将其翻译正确即可得分。
我们在做题的同时应该明白考题的出题思路，明白命题的原则就可以简单的将考题看透吃透，答题也更加容易。英译汉部分的命题指导思想是适当降低英译汉文章的难度，以便要求考生在对文章深层次理解的同时，掌握并运用最基本的英译汉技巧。英译汉试题命制的基本原则是避免内容不健康的、带有各种偏见的语言材料;试题无科学性错误;侧重运用能力的考查。英译汉部分的评分标准，英语(二)大纲对考试内容第三部分的英译汉表述是“考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。要求译文准确、完整、通顺”。所谓“准确”即要求译文能准确地表达原文的内容和观点，不得随意增补，不能遗漏，不能加入自己的立场观点。所谓“完整、通顺”则是指译文语言合乎汉语的规范和语言习惯，不要有语病、错别字，力求做到明白通畅。
我们单从文体上来看，英译汉短文多为正式的说明文和议论文，内容严谨，语言和用词比较规范正式;从文章题材来看，英译汉部分所选的短文主要包括社会文化、经济管理、科普知识等内容，不会出现专业性太强的文章;从考点来看，英译汉短文的考点往往集中在定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句及被动句等，同时，英译汉部分还会考查考生在上下文中准确把握词义的能力、分析语言结构的能力和使用汉语的习惯与规范正确表达的能力。所以，英译汉部分综合考察了考生的词义把握能力、语言结构分析能力及英汉互译能力，掌握了大纲中的必考词汇，而定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句和倒装句等必考语法结构，对于英语必考点有了一定的掌握就能在此项拿到更高分值。
第三篇：2007年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析
2007年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析
真题：
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.（10 points）
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities.However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities.（46）of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators.Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment.On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.（47）of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.（48）But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists.The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be.（49）Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists.While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.（50）-1-
解析：
1、Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institution as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.be viewed as被视为
institutions大学，学院
educated受教育的legal learning法律学习；学习法律
the special preserve（of lawyers）律师的特权；律师的特有领域
intellectual equipment知识体系；知识储备
【译文】长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一直被视为律师们所专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是：被动语态、并列连词和后置定语。
【技巧补充】
（1）被动语态的翻译
若被动句中的主语承载着句中的主要信息（如本题中的legal learning）,在翻译时可以仍然将它译作主语，其翻译方式有两种：
①用汉语主动句表达被动意义，如：In the meeting this question will be discussed briefly.在会议上，这一问题将进行简要地讨论。
②译为汉语被动句，采用“被„„”，“为„„所„„”的结构如：Hitler was also washed away by the storms of history.希特勒被历史的风暴席卷而去。
该句谓语后的介词短语 in such institutions 在语法上作状语，但在含义上，其为动作的出发者，即主语。翻译此类句子，还可将英语原文中的 by, in, for 等作状语的介词短语转换成名词，译成汉语句子的主语，同时将英语原文中的主语译成宾语。例如：A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。
（2）并列连词的翻译
并列连词用来连接属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或分句。由于他们的使用习惯与中文相似，因此翻译时只需准确的译出并列连词的含义即可。常见的并列连词有：
①表示转折：but 但是，while 然而，whereas 然而。②表示选择：or 或者，either...or 要么......要么∕......或者......,neither...nor 既不...也不∕......和......都不，rather than 而不是。③表示联合：and 和 ,both and.....和.....都，not only...but also 不仅...而且，等等。
2、On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.manner方式
forge形成联系
cover news报道新闻
everyday realities日常生活
parallel to就像；与......相似；与......一样
on a daily basis每天的做法
【译文】另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是相同的。
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是：嵌套式定语从句。
【技巧补充】嵌套式定语从句的翻译
嵌套式定语从句是指一个句子中定语从句套定语从句的情况。当定语从句较长，不适合作前置定语时，可以采用分译法，即将嵌套式定语从句拆分成两个句子，分别进行翻译。
例如： Likewise in the east were the Seljuk Turks（塞尔柱突厥人）（1）who had infiltrated from their Central Asian homeland into the Islamic Empire（2）where they were employed as mercenaries（雇佣军）。译为：同样，在东方是塞尔柱突厥人，（1）他们从家乡中亚进入伊斯兰教帝国；（2）在那里被雇为雇佣军。
3、But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.more profoundly更深刻；更深入；更深
rest on建立在......上；立足于
the established conventions已确定的约定；建立起来的规定
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是：同位语从句、后置定语。
4、In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.the basic features基本特征、基本要点
have a clear grasp of清楚地理解；清楚地了解；清楚地把握
a competent job on political stories做好政治新闻的报道工作
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是:形式主语it、多重复合句、词性转换。
5、While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.enhance stories提升报道质量；为报道增色；加强报道效果；提高新闻水平
it is preferable for journalists...对记者来说是好事
rely on凭借；依靠；根据
nations of significance对重要性的理解
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是形式主语it、让步状语从句。
第四篇：2010年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析
2010年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析
真题：
One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value.Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it.We invert excuses to give it economic importance.At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.（46）It is painful to read these round about accounts today.We have no land ethic yet,（47）but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.（48）Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops.（49）To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.（50）It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.-1-
解析：
（46）Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.jumped to the rescue迅速的其来援救
shaky不可靠的，站不住脚的to the effect 大意是；大致是说
eat us up 吃掉我们
【解析】本题考查的知识点是：固定短语、同位语从句、状语从句、从句嵌套、根据上下文确定词义。
一般来说，汉语句子多用动词，而英语句子则多用名词、形容词、副词和介词等。因此，在翻译时。有时需要将英语中这些词性的词转换成汉语的动词。
【译文】科学家们急忙介入，但提出的证据显然站不住脚，其大意是，如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量，昆虫便会吞噬我们人类。
（47）but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.drawn near the point of近乎draw移动，进行，也可用于比喻义
intrinsic right天生/固有权利
economic advantage经济利益
a matter of关乎„„的事情
regardless of不管，不顾，尽管，表让步
【解析】本题考核知识点：介词短语、宾语从句。介词短语译成句子（regardless of „）
介词短语作定语或状语时，往往是定语从句或状语从句的简略形式，译成汉语时，可拆开分译。
【译文】但是我们至少近乎承认，无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值，他们有自由生存下去的权利。
（48）Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.time was when：曾几何时
overwork 滥用
game 猎物，野禽，野味
prey on捕食
worthless 没有价值的【解析】本题考核的知识点是：固定用法、同位语从句的翻译
【译文】有些证据表明：这些生物杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康，或者说它们仅仅捕食“没有价值”的物种。曾经有段时间，生物学家或多或少滥用了这一证据。
（49）In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, with reason.non-commercial：没有经济价值的tree species：树种
native：当地的as such：如此，像这样的within reason：合理的【解析】考核的知识点是：非限定性定语从句、固定短语结构的辨析 such as 和 as such 两者词序相反，意义区别很大。
【译文】在林业生态更为发达的欧洲，没有商业价值的树种被合理地看成是当地森林群落的成员，并得到相应的保护。
（50）It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.【解析】本题考核的知识点是：定语从句、不定式
tend to 倾向；往往
element 物种
in the land community 在陆地群落中
functioning 动作；运行
【译文】这种保护体系往往忽视陆地群落中诸多商业价值但对其健康运作至关重要的物种，而最终导致它们的灭绝。
第五篇：学位英语(英译汉)
英 译 汉
★In 1870,horses and mules were the prime source of power on U.S.farms.在1870年，马和骡子是美国农场的主要劳动力来源。
★Those signs include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life.那些信号包括许许多多我们适应日常生活环境的方式。
★Most Americans,however,see romantic love as essential for a successful marriage,and tend to look askance at anyone who marries for a more practical reason in which love plays no part.然而，大多数美国人把浪漫的爱看作是成功婚姻必不可少的组成部分，而且往往蔑视任何为了更实际的理由，而不是为了爱而结婚的人。
★If they can sense colour differences then perhaps we,too,are affected by colour unconsciously.如果他们能够觉察出颜色的差异，那么我们可能也不知不觉地受到颜色的影响。
★People exposed to bright red show an increase in heartbeat,and blood pressure;red is exciting.当人们处于鲜红颜色面前，心跳会加快，血压也会升高；这表明红色令人激动。
★In order to learn to be one’s true self,it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge of what has been said and done in the world.要想了解真实的自我，必须深入、广泛的探索前人所说过的话，所做的事情。
★This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the fear and horror surrounding earthquakes,but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake prediction may be possible.数百年来，地震的不可知性给地震蒙上了极大的恐惧和惊慌，然而近几次的地震发生之前已经显露一些迹象。
★The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist’s timekeeping methods.科学观察和计算的精确度常取决于科学家的计时方法。
★In Frederick,students’parents are buying classroom supplies and offering to pay for groceries and utilities to keep first-year teachers and principals in their jobs.在Frederick地区，学生家长们出资购买教室用品，并主动为学校第一年的教师和校长们支付所需的各类杂货及水电费，以此来留住他们继续工作下去。
★“Rumors about what’s happening to the district are moving at lighting speed.”said a student.“We wanted to know the truth,and spread that around instead.”一位学生说：“关于这个地区的流言正在以闪电般速度传播着，我们想知道真相，并且传播真相。”
★Yet the waves,no matter how big or how violent,affect only the surface of the sea.然而，不管水波多大、多猛烈，只对海面造成影响。
★In the U.S.,the figure is much higher than in Great Britian,and people there spend over 10 percent of their income on the installment plan.在美国，这个数字要比英国高得多，每个人将他们收入的百分之十花费在分期付款上。
★The idea of a fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light lamp bulbs-or even to run a small electric motor-is almost unbelievable,but several kinds of fish are able to do this.鱼产生的电流能点亮电灯——或者甚至能带动小型电动马达——是多么不可思议，但是有些鱼确实可以。
★Engineering studengs are supposed to be examples
of practicality and rationality,but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool.工科的学生往往被看成是实际和理性的榜样，但是就我的大学教育而言，我是一个理想主义者和傻瓜。
★The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school.摆在我面前阻碍我成为一名成功学生的现实就在于工科与文科并不像我在高中时所认为的那样，两者并不是简单地融合在一起。
★When the light reaches the other end,it is first changed into electrical signals,which are in turn converted into sound messages.光到达另一端后，首先转化成电流信号，随后再转化为声音信息。★In most cases these inpiduals are dreaming of wealth and fame,not the long hours alone at a typewriter.多数情况下，这些人正梦想着的是财富和名望，而不是在打字机前长时间的工作。★Because we live in a democratic nation,whose citizens make the policies for the nation,large numbers of us must be educated to understand,to support,and when necessary,to judge the work of experts.因为我们生活在一个民主的国家，由公民制定国家的政策，我们中的许多人必须接受教育，学会理解、支持，必要的时候还要判断专家的工作。
★There are many communities and populations which have lost precious recoards due to tragic events such as the fire in the Irish courts during Civil War in 1921 or American slaves for whom many records were never kept in the first place.在很多地区，相当多的人曾因为一些悲剧事件而失去他们珍贵的资料，如1921年内战期间爱尔兰法庭失火这样的悲剧，又如美国奴隶，对于他们来说就有很多珍贵资料未能够保留下来。
★Theoretically,any inpidual will someday be able to trace his or her family origins through this database.理论上，有一天任何人都能通过这个资料库查处他或她家族的起源。
★On the contrary,to avoid problems in aerial navigation,the wheelless vehicle probably will travel no more than three inches above road surface.相反，为了避免天线导航，没有轮子的汽车将在离地面不超过3英寸的距离行驶。
★I appeal to you to clarify this issue so that the poor elderly of our city many become aware of the housing benefits for which they qualify.我请求你阐明这个问题，这样我们这个城市里贫穷的老人就可以了解到他们有资格享有住房的津贴。★It was believed that a person was sick because he had been attacked by evil spirits.人们认为生病是遭受恶魔的攻击。
★We are concerned to develop the ability of all our pupils into the full,not just their academic ability.我们关系的是全面充分地发展我们每一位学生的能力，而不仅仅是他们的学习能力。
★We expect our pupils to do their best,not their least,and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.我们期望学生能够不遗余力尽其所能，为达到此目标我们也将给予他们充分的鼓励。
★The wheel is the simplest yet perhaps the most remarkable of all inventions,because there are no wheels in nature---no living thing was ever created with wheels.轮子是最简单的发明，或许也是最伟大的发明，因为自然界原本没有轮子——没有任何生
物是轮子创造的。
★Girls exceed boys in language abilities,and this early linguistic bias often prevails throughout life.女孩在语言能力上胜过男孩，而且这种早期就暴露的语言方面的偏向常常影响终生。
★Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a hobby,but only switched to oils in old age because her hands had become too stiff to sew and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time.摩西奶奶小的时候画过些画，之后绘制刺绣图案成了她的爱好。老了以后，她的手指变得僵硬不能缝纫，而她还希望保持忙碌打发时间，就转向油画。★The project provided opportunities for researches from India and abroad to study tigers in the reserves and gather previously unavailable information about their habits.这个方案给印度和国外的研究者提供了机会，使他们可以在保护区内研究老虎，收集以前难以获得的有关老虎习性的资料。
★Land problem is becoming serious and many rural people feel bitter about the fact that some rich forests are reserved for tigers.土地问题变得越来越严重了，令许多农民痛心的是，一些肥沃的森林地区被圈起来，建成了老虎保护区。
★In learning a foreign language,the best beginning is with the non-verbal linguistic elements of the language,its gestures,its body language.学习语言最好从语言的非语言方面、手势和身势语入门。
★Originally the White House was gray and was called the Presidential Palace.最初白宫是灰色的，并且被叫做总统府。
★This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation.这种新的活动包括原先狩猎的一系列行为，而目的已不再是避免饥饿。
★Some scientists say that 16 of these mirrors,each about half a mile across,could aim their reflected light at one area on the earth that was about 200 miles by 300 miles.一些科学家认为可用16面直径为半英里的镜子将反射光照射到地球表面约为60000平方英里的区域。
★What no one knows yet is what effect this artificial daytime would have on plants,animals,and humans.目前，人们还不知道的是这种人造白天对植物、动物和人会有什么影响。
★Still,the fact remains that women are now free to enter any career that attracts them,the situation has improved,and the tide is not likely to turn back.然而，事实上女性如今可以自由选择所喜爱的职业；情况改善了，这一潮流不可能逆转。
★Ford realized he could use this assembly line method to build cars.福特意识到他可以用这种装配线的方法来生产他的汽车。
★At the early attempts,the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growth,a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.在初始阶段海底电缆没能安装成功，当科研人员将电缆运出海面对其进行检修时发现电缆表面长满了瘤状物，这个事实表明海洋深处并不存在生命，这与现代科学见解相佐。
★Studies by the Council of Europe,of which 21 countries are members,have shown that 45 percent of reptile species and 24 percent of butterflies are in danger of dying out.由21个成员国组成的欧洲委员会的一项研究显示，百分之四十五的爬行物种及百分之二十四的蝴蝶濒临灭绝。
★Dr.Baum went on,“we could manage without most industrial products,but we could not manage without nature.Baum博士继续说道，“没有工业产品我们一样能够生活下去，但脱离了自然我们就无法生存。
★Some critics claim that no excuse is acceptable for not informing subjects about the nature of an experiment and giving them a chance to refuse to participate.一些批评家声称没有任何理由让实验对象在不了解实验性质，没有机会选择拒绝的情况下参与实验。
★He took a trip to southern,and there he found just the weather and scenery he needed to finish his movie.他去加州南部旅行，在那里他恰好发现了要完成他的电影所需的天气和风景。
★Primary and secondary education is financed almost entirely by the state out of central and local tax revenues.中小学几乎全额依靠中央和地方税收拨款。
★The current opinion seems to be that this should include a general knowledge of what computers are,plus a little of their history and something of how they operate.目前的看法似乎是这样的，这必须包括一种关于计算机本身定义的基本知识，还需具备一些计算机的发展历史及其操作知识。
★We effectively use all types of electrical equipment without being able to tell their history or to explain how they work..我们能够有效地使用各种电子设备，而不需要知道它们的历史或者它们是如何工作的。
★At times they even sleep in their van instead of a hotel,just to save money.有时他们甚至在自己的篷车里，而不是在旅馆里睡觉，只是为了省钱。★As a result,these areas send out less heat and light and thus appear from Earth to be almost dark irregular surface patches.这些区域释放的热量和光线较弱，因而从地球上看，表面几乎形成不规则的暗区。★Computer technology enabled the reserchers,to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain,which relate to intellect and emotion,and determine the human character.电脑技术让研究者能准确地测量大脑前部和侧面的容量，它们与智力、情感有关，决定着人的性格。
★The interview is an important event in the job-hunting process,because the 20 or 30 minutes you spend with the interviewer may determine whether or not you get the particular job you want.面试是求职过程中一件重要的事情，因为你和面试人一起度过的二三十分钟可能决定你是否能得到你想要的那个工作。
★If possible,you should negotiate for salary after you have been offered a job and when you are ready to complete the paperwork.如果有可能的话，你应在得到一份工作，并且在你做好准备完成日常文书工作后再与雇佣方协商工资问题。
★He is,even today,a symbol of courage and adventure.他即使今天都是勇气和历险的象征。Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary.Henning研究了把英语作为外语学习的学生是如何记词汇的。
★In time,the migration became a habit,and now,although the glaciers have disappeared,the habit continues.迁徙成为一种习惯，现在尽管冰川已经消失，这种习惯仍然继续。
★Problems come when any particular section is too thick and not sticking to the section beneath.The snow of the past few weeks had been falling in rather higher temperatures than those of December and early January.当积雪的任何一部分太厚，并且与下面的部分不相粘结的话，问题就出现了。过去几星期下的雪在高于十二月到一月份上旬的温度下开始融化。
★The one comfort to recreational skiers,however,is that avalanche incidents on the marked ski slopes are quite rare.No ski resort wants the image of being a death trap.对于度假的滑雪者来说，令人欣慰的是，雪崩事故很少发生在有足迹的滑雪坡上。
★Losing weight is hard work,but most people want to find a fast and easy way to take off fat.减肥是件苦差事，大多数人都想找到一条又快又简单的减肥方法。
★The respect in which he was held was partly owing to the man himself,with his warm friendliness,his good sense,his urbanity,his gay spirits,his artistic integrity,and his love of both the Old World and the New.他受到尊重部分源自其自身，他友好、判断能力强、文雅、开朗、正直，新、旧世界他都热爱。★Kidneys can be conserved in this simple way for 24 to 48 hours with little deterioration,and during this time they can be moved for long distances.用这种简单的方法，肾脏可以保存24到48小时而不会变质，在此段时间里能被转移到很远的地方。
★A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager.很多顾客采用的一个简单又常用的方法是直接向商店经理投诉。
★She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers’ rights.她或他（顾客）会将卖方告上法庭，或者他们会向保护消费者权益的私人或公共机构进行举报。
★In this way,better quality products at good values are continually being brought to the people of all income groups.这样，性价比高的商品可以不断地提供给不同收入层次的人们。
★Bearing in mind the nature of the translator’s work,i.e.,the processing of the written word,it is,strictly speaking,unnecessary that he should be able to speak the languages he is dealing with.牢记翻译者工作的性质，即对书面语进行操作，严格地说，并不要求翻译者一定能够讲他正在翻译的语言。★It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course,though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.学生也可能在学习期间在两所大学交叉学习，尽管这样做并不常见。
★Money laundering is the process by which money obtained by illegal means is given the appearance of legitimate income and returned into circulation.洗钱是将非法途径得来的金钱，在合法收入的掩盖下使之进入流通领域。
★The liberlization of markets around the world and deregulation of exchange controls are regarded as the chief causes of the rapid expansion of the money laundering over the past decade.市场的（过度）自由及对汇率控制的撤销成为过去十年来洗钱活动迅速发展的两大主要原因。
★Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite,so in 1895,just two weeks before his death,he created a found to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contrybutions to mankind.诺贝尔宁愿自己不是作为甘油炸药的发明者而被人们记住，因此，他在1895年去世前的两个星期，创立了一项基金，奖励对人类做出有价值贡献的人们。
★Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese school,yet many students say that after an exam,they forget much of the information that they have memorized.死记硬背是日本学习采用的一种重要的学习方法，然而很多学生反映，考试过后他们就忘记了背过的大部分内容。
★Teach him it is far more honorable to fail than to cheat.教导他失败比作弊要光荣得多。
★Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.因为时尚的变化，衣裳仅仅穿了几次就要被丢到一边。
★Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes,one wonders,reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability?有人会想，女性服饰时尚不断发生改变的事实是不是反映出其本身存在的一种变化无常、及不稳定的基本特性呢？
★The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their product’s obvious advantages.尽管产品本身具备显而易见的优势，速溶咖啡的生产者发现他们的产品在市场上严重受阻。
★Many of the centenarians emphasized the importance of being independent and free to do the things they enjoyed and wanted to do,and of maintaining a placid state of mind free from worry or emotional strain.许多百岁老人强调独立自由地做自己想做的事情，远离烦恼和情感压力，保持平静的心态很重要。
★Even if a job is not perfect for you,every interview can make you learn from it.即使某一份工作对你来说并不理想，每个面试都可以让你从中学到些东西。
★People who question or even look down on the study of the past and its works usually assume that the past is entirely different from the present,and that hence we can learn nothing worthwhile from the past.那些质疑甚至轻视对过去及先人作品研究的人们通常主观地认为过去与现在是完全不同的，从而得出人们无法从过去获取任何有价值的东西的结论。★We and the ancients share a common human nature and hence certain common human experiences and problems.我们和古人享有共同的人类的天性，因此也会有共同的经历和问题。
★Perhaps the reason is that asvertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer.也许，原因是登广告能让生产者省心，不要去考虑消费者。
★“No mechanism in China requires the recall of cars as it dose in Japan,but Honda decided to replace the rubber connector in order to provide the same service to Chinese consumers”the spokeswoman said.女发言人说：“与在日本不同，中国的机构没有要求召回汽车，但是本田公司决定更换橡胶连接以向中国客户提供同等服务。”
★A survey conducted last year by Roper Starch Worldwide,Inc.,found that almost 70 percent of the respondents said they would be happier if their families had twice as much household income.去年由Roper Starch Worldwide公司所做的一项调查发现，几乎有百分之七十的接受调查者表示如果他们的家庭收入能够再增加一倍，他们会更幸福。
★The publisher was so doubtful,he wanted her to split the publishing costs with him,and all she hoped was that it would make enough money for her to buy a new silk dress.出版商不太确信书出版后一定能够赚钱，他想与作者（Harriet Beecher Stowe）分摊出版费用，而她只是希望能够赚够足够的钱为自己买一条新的丝绸连衣裙。
★Its vast influence strengthened the anti-slavery movement and angered defenders of the slave system.它巨大的影响激励了反对奴隶制的运动，也激怒了奴隶制的拥护者。
