第一篇:初中英语常用不规则动词分类表
初中英语常用不规则动词分类表
为了帮助同学们记住不规则动词,现在把教材中出现的不规则动词分为几个类型,每个类型中又分若干组,尽量找出每组中各词变化形式的共同点,以帮助记忆。1.A---A---A型(现在式、过去式和过去分词同形)
动词原形(现在式)过去式 过去分词 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割,切 hit hit hit 打 let let let 让
put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤
2.A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)beat beat beaten 打
3.A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)
come came come 来
become became become 变 run ran run 跑
4.A---B---B型
(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习
mean meant meant 意思 hear heard heard 听见
(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花费
(3)其他
pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说
bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 think thought thought 想
sleep slept slept 睡 keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 扫
stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白
win won won 得胜
shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光
catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教 feel felt felt 觉得
fight fought fought 战斗 find found found 发现 get got got 得到
hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死,挂have had had 有
hold held held 盛,握 leave left left 离开
make made made 制造 meet met met 遇见 sell sold sold 卖
shoot shot shot 射击 tell told told 告诉
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅,闻
sit sat sat 坐 dig dug dug 挖
5.A---B---C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)(1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下 steal stole stolen 偷 give gave given 给
freeze froze frozen 冻结 take took taken 拿 see saw seen 看见
write wrote written 写 ride rode ridden 骑 drive drove driven 驾驶
throw threw thrown 抛,扔 blow blew blown 吹 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道
fly flew flown 飞
draw drew drawn 拉,绘画 show showed shown 展示
(2)过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。speak spoke spoken 说话
break broke broken 破碎,折断
wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒 choose chose chosen 选择 forget forgot forgotten 忘记
(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)。begin began begun 开始 ring rang rung 按铃 sing sang sung 唱 sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳 drink drank drunk 饮
(4)其他不规则动词的变化。be(am, is)was/ were been 是 be(are)were been 是 do did done 做 go went gone 去 lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿
第二篇:初中英语动词短语归纳
初中英语动词短语整理
1.break
break down出毛病,拆开 break off暂停,中断break out爆发2.call
call up打电话call out大喊,高叫go up(价格)上涨,建造起来keep from克制,阻止 go against违反go away离开
keep away from避开,不接近,keep on继续,坚持下来
go by时间过去keep down使。。处于低水平go down降低,(日、月)西沉
13.knock
go on(with)继续进行knock at/on敲
go out外出,熄灭knock into撞到某人身上3.come
come down下跌,落,降,传下来come in进来come out出版,结果是 come on来临/ 快点come along一道来,赶快 come over走过来come up发芽,走近come back回来come from来自,源自 4.cut
cut down砍倒,削减cut up连根拔除,切碎 5.die
die of死于(疾病,饥饿,寒冷,情感原因)
die from死于(外界原因)die out绝种 6.fall
fall behind落后fall down掉下,跌倒fall into 落入;陷入 fall off 从。。掉下fall out与。。争吵 7.go
go along沿着。。走 go through通过,经受
go over复习,检查go off发出响声
8.get get down下来,记下,使沮丧get on进展,进步,穿上,上车get off脱下,下车
get away逃跑,逃脱,去休假 get over克服,从疾病中恢复get along with进展,相处
get up起床get into(trouble)陷入困境中get back取回,收回get out 出去 get to 到达。。9.give
give away赠送,泄露,出卖give out发出,疲劳,分发,give in(to sb.)屈服 give up放弃,让(座位)10.hand
hand in交上,提交 hand out分发11.hold
hold on to…继续,坚持 hold up举起,使停顿
hold on别挂电话,等,坚持12.keepkeep up with跟上
keep out不使。。进入14.look
look up查找,向上看
look through翻阅,浏览look after/ at / for照顾/看/寻找 look out(for)当心look about / around/round四下查看
look forward to盼望15.make
make up编造,打扮,组成make into / of / from制成16.passpass by经过pass down(on)…to传给17.pay
pay back还钱,报复pay for付钱,因…得到报应18.pick
pick up拾起,接人,站起,收听,pick out挑选,辨认,看出19.put
put up张贴,举起,put out伸出,扑灭put off推迟put into放进,翻译
put away放好,存钱put down记下,平息
put on穿戴,上映,put aside放到一边
put back放回 21.run
run after追逐,追捕run away逃跑
run off跑掉,迅速离开run out of用完 22.set
set up建立set off 激起,引起23.take
take after 与…相像 take off脱掉,起飞take away拿走
take up从事,占用(时间空间)take down记录,取下take back收回
take pride in以… ……为自豪,take the place of 代替 24.think
think of想起,考虑,对…看法think out(自然)想出办法think up想出(设计出、发明、编造)think about考虑think over仔细考虑25.turn
turn off / on打开turn to翻到,转向,求助
turn down调低,拒绝turn back返回,转回去
turn round转过身来turn up向上翻,出现,音量调大26.care
care about 担心,关心;在乎,介意care for 关心,关怀,照顾 27.clean
clean up 把…打扫干净,把…收拾整齐
clean out 清除;把…打扫干净 28.learn
learn about 获悉,得知,认识到 learn from从/向。。学习29.fight
fight for..争取获得…
fight against 争取克服、战胜… fight with…与。。搏斗/战斗 30.dream
dream of梦想,想橡 dream about 梦到。。
31.work work for 为。工作
work out 产生结果;发展;成功 32.argue
argue with …与。。争论 argue about..争论。。33.complain
complain to 向。抱怨 complain about抱怨。。34.hear
hear of 听说,得知
hear about听到。。的事,听到。的话 hear from接到。。的信
35.talktalk about 讨论。。
talk with/to..和。。讨论 36.livelive in 住在。。live on 以。。为主食 37.stand
stand out 突显,引人注目 stand up 起立,站起来
38.其它常用词组 wake up 醒,唤醒,弄醒 stay up 不睡觉;熬夜 depend on依靠;取决于 worry about为。。担忧 laugh at嘲笑。。begin with以。。开始 mix up混合、搀和 major in 主修 grow up成长
open up 打开,张开;开发 end up到达或来到某处;达到某状态 throw away 丢弃。。ask for要求。。wait for等待。。agree with同意。。
find out(经研究或询问)获知某事 send out 发出,放出,射出 search for 搜索,搜查 chop down 砍到 have..on 穿着。。step out of 跨步走出 drop out of 从。。掉出 happen to 发生在。。belong to属于 arrive in /at到达。。try on试穿。。vote on对。。进行投票 strech out伸展。。hang out闲逛 leave for离开前往sell out 卖完、售完 show up 出席;露面
第三篇:动词分类讲解范文
动词:
1.(可以做谓语)谓语动词——实义动词
1)行为动词(动作)
⑴不及物动词(vi)
⑵及物动词(vt)
①单宾动词
②双宾动词
③宾补动词
2)系动词LV(状态、特征)
①be
②半系动词
2.(不可以做谓语)——助动词
助谁?
干什么?
时态、语态、否定、语气
Be 时态、语态
Do 否定、强调语气
Have 时态、否定
MV 语气
主语谓语
宾语
()定语
<> 补语
[] 状语
We should stop the river ____.A.pollutingB.pollutedC.being polluted D.pollute
A be made ofmake A of ….A be made from
A be made in
A be made into
My mother made me(to)do
It happens that……
Sb sth happen to
It turns out that…
Sb sth turn out to do
It seemsed that
Sbsth seem to
It is said that he will study is studying studied in America.Sb sth be said to do to be doing to have done
To be done to have been done
It is said that the bank was robbed last night.The bank is said to have been robbed last nigh.Steal sth(from sb sp)
Rob sb sp(of sth)
Robberrobbery
Thieftheft
Lose oneself one’s way
Be get lost, I had to ask police for help.(Because)(lose →losing 主动 lost 被动)myself my way, I had to ask police for help
Was got lost
A.losingB.lostC.IlostD.being lost
第四篇:浅谈初中英语动词时态教学
浅谈初中英语动词时态教学
英语的动词时态这一语法现象与我们母语的语法差别较大,学起来也较乏味。如何教学这些语法,从而使学生更好、更有效地掌握它们,是经常困扰教师的问题。笔者在教学实践中进行了努力的尝试和探索,并依据信息加工的学习理论,总结出较为行之有效的“三元”教学法:从“标志”信息输入着眼,经过“概念”思维加工,达成“结构”形式输出,从而使师生摆脱枯燥的时态教学,掌握动词时态的规律,形成有效的语法教学策略。
一、从“概念、结构、标志”三个方面把握动词时态
“概念、结构、标志”三个方面是学习一种时态所必须把握的,三者相互联系,相互制约,共同表述一个完整的时态含义。“概念”清楚地说明了一种时态的用法。对于概念的把握一定要全面、准确,表述严密,如对于一般现在时的用法,不能只表述为“表示经常性或习?
下面列举两种时态进行说明。
(一)一般现在时
1、概念:一般现在时的基本用法有四种。(1)表示现在的状况,如Mr、Green has two children、(2)表示主语所具备的性格或能力,如Ann enjoys listening to the radio、Miss White speaks Chinese very well、(3)表示经常性、习惯性或反复出现的动作或状态,如I usually rest on Sundays、Mr、Brown always gets up early、LiLei goes to see Uncle Wang once a month、(4)表示客观事实和普遍真理,如It never snows in Australia in December、Light travels faster than sound、2、结构:一般现在时的结构在一般情况下用动词原形,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式,其否定式、疑问式要加助动词do或does。例如:Miss Gao teaches us English、Does your mother work in a factory?
3、标志:一般现在时常与下列表示频率的副词或短语连用:always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,twice a week,on Sundays等。
(二)现在完成时
1、概念:基本用法有两种。(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(2)表示从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
2、结构:助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词。
3、标志:用法(1)常与下列词语连用:already,yet,just,ever,never,before,recently等;用法(2)常与“since+时间点”或“for+时间段”所构成的表示一段时间的状语连用,也可与包括“现在”在内的表示一段时间的状语连用,如this morning,these days等。
其他几种时态不再一一列举。在平时的教学中,只要我们从上述三个方面去把握动词时态,学生就会逐渐发现其规律,做到有章可循,主动地学习,从而变以教师为主体的讲语法为以学生为主体的学语法,收到事半功倍的效果。
二、要善于进行各种时态的用法比较
学习了几种时态以后,就容易出现混淆、错用的情况,这就要求我们要不断地将一些时态加以比较,以便能够更好地把握其本质。其实,动词时态的比较也是以“概念、结构、标志”三元为依据比较的。试看下面几种时态的比较。
(一)一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较
1、一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生联系,它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用;而现在完成时既涉及过去又联系现在,但它强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。试比较:I have posted the letter(说明现在信不在这里)。I posted the letter yesterday(只说明昨天寄信这一事实)。
2、有些时间状语(标志),如this morning,tonight等,既可用于一般过去时,也可用于现在完成时,但所表示的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时的表示“现在”在内,而用于一般过去时则与“现在”无关。例如:I have read the book this May(讲话时仍是五月)。I read the book this May(讲话时五月已过)。
(二)一般过去时与过去完成时的用法比较
1、一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态;而过去完成时则表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态,其标志是“过去的过去”。当强调过去某一动作发生在过去另一动作之前时,常用此时态。例如:The film had already begun when I reached the theatre、2、一般过去时与过去完成时都可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用,但侧重点有所不同。试比较:They had done the work at five o’clock、They did the work at five o’clock、第一句说明工作在五点钟已完成,并未说明是什么时候完成的;第二句说明工作是在五点钟做的。
3、在带有before或after引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,由于主、从句动作发生的先后顺序已非常明确,所以可用一般过去时代替过去完成时,如The train had left before I got to the station、也可以说:The train left before I got to the station、其他时态的比较,如一般现在时与现在进行时,一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较不再列举。时态的混合使用是以掌握好每一种时态的用法以及各时态的比较用法为基础的,在中学阶段使用较少,在此不做详谈。
三、注意时态与时间不一致的特殊情况
如前所述,判断时态要从“标志”(时间状语)着眼,这是一般规律。但有些情况下,时态与时间(标志)并不一致,在教学中应引起足够的重视,做到灵活使用,可视之为“特殊标志”。
1、一些表示来往动作的动词(动向动词)常用进行时表示将来时,常见的这类动词有arrive,come,go,leave,set off,start等、例如:The Browns are leaving for Paris next month、2、一般现在时有时可以表示预定的近期将发生的动作或状态,也可用来表示说话时正在进行的动作。例如:Are you free tomorrow? The train starts at 7:50 in the evening、Here comes the bus!There goes the bell!
3、一般过去时可以表示目前非真实的情况或不能实现的愿望(即虚拟语气)。例如:I wish I could fly to the moon by spaceship、It’s high time you went home、If I were you,I would go with him、4、在含有状语从句的复合句中,当主句是将来时态或是祈使句时,状语从句应用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时,用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如:I will go to town if it doesn’t rain tomorrow、He said he would come to see us if he had time、Please tell him about it as soon as he comes back、Are you going to play with us when you have finished your homework?
5、在含有宾语从句的复合句中,主从句动词时态有如下不一致情况。
(1)当宾语从句表示科学真理、客观事实、格言或其他不受时间影响、限制的客观存在的事物时,如:Long ago people didn’t know that the earth moves round the sun、She told hers on that practice makes perfect、(2)当宾语从句用来解释、表达科技内容时,如:The teacher told us that the attraction of the earth for all bodies is called gravity、(3)当宾语从句表示一种反复出现或目前习惯性动作时,如:He said he does morning exercises everyday、(4)当宾语从句中谓语动词的动作在转述时仍在继续,或表示现在时刻仍存在的状态时,如:LiLei said his father is attending a meeting in Shanghai、She told me the other day that she is only seventeen、6、其他从句,如比较状语从句、定语从句等不受主句时态的影响,应根据实际需要,选择适当的时态。例如:It was colder yesterday than it is today、Last night I read the book which you are reading now、对于这些特殊情况,在平时的教学中,应特别注意。其实,我们也可以把上述情况视为一种特殊的“标志”,进而判断相应的时态形式。
综上所述,对于一种时态,我们可以从“概念、结构、标志”三个方面去把握,随着所学时态的增多,要善于将一些时态加以比较,总结出差异,同时还要注意特殊情况。这些,整个中学阶段英语时态教学就系统化、规律化了。学好这些基本的动词时态,可为学生将来学习更为复杂的时态、非谓语动词的时态、被动语态、虚拟语气乃至进一步学习中、高级英语,打下扎实的基础。
第五篇:初中英语动词短语小结
初中英语动词短语整理
1.break down破坏,出毛病,拆开break off暂停,中断break in破门而入,打断 break in
破门而入,突然…起来 break out爆发break away from打破陈规;奋力挣脱;放弃习惯break through 出现,突破 break up打碎,拆散,分裂、分解
2.call at a place(车船等)停靠;到某地拜访。call away 叫走,叫开…;转移(注意力等)。call back唤回;回电话;call for需要,要求 call for sth(sb)喊着叫某人来,喊着叫人取来某物 call in 叫进,请进;找来,请来;来访;收回 call off取消;叫走,转移开 call(up)on sb 拜访或看望某人 call sb sth 为某人叫某物 call(up)on sb to do sth叫(请)某人做某事call up给…打电话;想起,回忆起;召集,应召入伍call out大喊,高叫;叫出去
3.come down下跌,落,降,传下来come in进来come out出版,结果是 come on
来临/ 快点come along一道来,赶快 come over走过来come up发芽,走近come back回来come from来自,源自
4.cut down砍倒,削减cut up连根拔除,切碎
5.die of死于(疾病,饥饿,寒冷,情感原因)die from死于(外界原因)die out绝种
6.fall behind落后fall down掉下,跌倒fall into 落入;陷入 fall off 从。。掉下fall out与。。争吵
7.go along沿着。。走 go through通过,经受go over复习,检查go up(价格)上涨,建造起来 go against违反go away离开 go by时间过去go down降低,(日、月)西沉 go on(with)继续进行go out外出,熄灭go off发出响声
8.get down下来,记下,使沮丧get on进展,进步,穿上,上车 get off脱下,下车 get away逃跑,逃脱,去休假 get over克服,从疾病中恢复get along with进展,相处 get up起床get into(trouble)陷入困境中get back取回,收回get out 出去 get to 到达。。
9.give away赠送,泄露,出卖give out发出,疲劳,分发 give in(to sb.)屈服 give up放弃,让(座位)
10.hand in交上,提交 hand out分发
11.hold hold on to…继续,坚持 hold up举起,使停顿hold on别挂电话,等,坚持
12.keep up with跟上 keep out 不使。。进入keep from克制,阻止 keep away from避开,不接近,keep on继续,坚持下来 keep down 使。。处于低水平
13.knock at/on敲 knock into撞到某人身上
14.look up查找,向上看look through翻阅,浏览look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找 look out(for)当心look about / around/round四下 look forward to盼望
15.make up编造,打扮,组成make into / of / from 制成16.pass by经过pass down(on)…to传给
17.payback还钱,报复pay for付钱,因…得到报应
18.pick up拾起,接人,站起,收听,pick out挑选,辨认,看出
19.put up张贴,举起,put out伸出,扑灭put off推迟put into放进,翻译 put away放好,存钱 put down记下,平息 put on穿戴,上映,put aside放到一边put back放回
21.run after追逐,追捕run away逃跑run off跑掉,迅速离开run out of用完
22.set up建立set off 激起,引起
23.take after 与…相像 take off脱掉,起飞 take away拿走 take up从事,占用(时间空间)take down记录,取下 take back收回 take pride in以… ……为自豪,take the place of 代替
24.think of想起,考虑,对…看法think out(自然)想出办法think up想出(设计出、发明、编造)think about考虑think over仔细考虑
25.turn off / on打开 turn to翻到,转向,求助 turn down调低,拒绝turn back返回,转回去 turn round转过身来turn up向上翻,出现,音量调大
26.care about 担心,关心;在乎,介意 care for 关心,关怀,照顾
27.clean up 把…打扫干净,把…收拾整齐 clean out 清除;把…打扫干净
28.learn about 获悉,得知,认识到 learn from从/向。。学习
29.fight for..争取获得… fight against 争取克服、战胜… fight with…与。。搏斗/战斗
30.dream of梦想,想橡 dream about 梦到。。
31.work for 为。工作 work out 产生结果;发展;成功
32.argue with …与。。争论 argue about..争论。。
33.complain to 向。抱怨 complain about抱怨。。
34.hear of 听说,得知 hear about听到。。的事,听到。的话 hear from接到。。的信
35.talk about 讨论。。talk with/to..和。。讨论
36.live in 住在。。live on 以。。为主食
37.stand out 突显,引人注目 stand up 起立,站起来
38.其它常用词组其它常用词组其它常用词组其它常用词组
wake up 醒,唤醒,弄醒 stay up 不睡觉;熬夜 depend on依靠;取决于 worry about为。。担忧 laugh at嘲笑。。begin with以。。开始 mix up混合、搀和 major in 主修 grow up成长 open up 打开,张开;开发 end up到达或来到某处;达到某状态 throw away 丢弃。ask for要求。。wait for等待。。agree with同意。。find out(经研究或询问)获知某事 send out 发出,放出,射出 search for 搜索,搜查 chop down 砍到 have..on 穿着。。step out of 跨步走出 drop out of 从。。掉出 happen to 发生在。。belong to属于 arrive in /at到达。。try on试穿。。vote on对。。进行投票 strech out伸展。。hang out闲逛 leave for离开前往sell out 卖完、售完 show up 出席;露面