下载文档第一篇：高中英语语法表语从句详解素材
表语从句
表语从句定义：在一个复合句中，从句作的是主语的表语成分。放在系动词（be）和半系动词(seemsoundtastesmell look等等)的后面
A
The problem is puzzling.这个问题令人困惑
主语,连系动词,形容词作表语
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语---表语从句
B
连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why,whether,how.whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever等
He has become a teacher.他已经成为一名教师。
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。
She has remained there for an hour.她曾在那里停留了一个小时。
She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。
His suggestion is good.他的建议是好的。
注意表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
错误: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.正确: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.B
※※不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。
引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether 位于介词后要用whether
位于句首时要用whether
引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether
错误 The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.正确: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.正确: It looked as if he had understood this question.C
不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。正确: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.正确: The question is why he cried yesterday.D
※※※ that在表语从句中不可以省掉。
专心爱心用心1
基本用法
表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。
名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句
例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how 在表语从句中充当方式状语)
The scissors are not what I need.这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表语从句中充当宾语)
What I told him was that I would find him a good play.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略)
That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)
That is why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)
注意
“That is why...”是常用句型，意为“这就是„„的原因/因此„„”，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，又如： That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne.珍妮，这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异，说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括)。// That is why I came.这就是我来的原因。
下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构，它们与“That is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：
(1)“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义，只不过从语法结构上讲，“That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句，将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样，例如：
That is(the reason)why I cannot agree.这就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是为什么„„/因为„„”。“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由，“That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果，例如：
He did not see the film last night.That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果，第二句话说明原因)
He had seen the film before.That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影，因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果)案例分析
［考题1］
The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.(202_上海)
A.when B.why C.whether D.that
［答案］ ABCD
［解析］ 下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句，如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思。因此，应选择可引导名词性从句且不
充当任何成分的that。
［考题2］
You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.(202_)
A.why B.where C.what D.how
［答案］ ABCD
［解析］ 下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语(“disagree”属于不及物动词，“I disagree”本身是完整的主谓结构)，下划线应填入引导词where，表语从句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之处、我不同意的地方”。
［考题3］
— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.— Is that ____ you had a few days off?(1999)
A.why B.when C.what D.where
［答案］ ABCD
［解析］ 下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语，下划线应填入表示“因此„„”(指因某种原因所造成的结果)的引导词why。［考题4］
____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.(202_上海)
A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that
［答案］ ABCD
［解析］ 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语，特指她所不理解的事情，应填入关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处表示“因此„„”(指因某种原因所造成的后果，由why引导对应的名词性从句)而不是“为什么„„”(指原因、理由，由because引导对应的名词性从句)，应填入引导词why。
第二篇：高中英语语法表语从句详解素材
定义
表语从句定义：在一个复合句中，从句作的是主语的表语成分。
A
The problem is puzzling.这个问题令人困惑
主语,连系动词,形容词作表语
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语---表语从句
B
连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, why,whether,how.whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever等
He has become a teacher.他已经成为一名教师。
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。
She has remained there for an hour.她曾在那里停留了一个小时。
She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。
His suggestion is good.他的建议是好的。
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。
The question is confusing.这个问题令人困惑.The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。
Who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.谁与我明天将前往北京。Why he cried yesterday.昨天他为什么哭。
How I can persuade her to join us in the party.我怎么能说服她加入我们的派对。
Whether the enemy is marching towards us.是否敌人正向我们行进.注意
A
表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.B
不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。
引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether 位于介词后要用whether
专心爱心用心which, 1
位于句首时要用whether
引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.C
不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.D
that在表语从句中不可以省掉。
基本用法
表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。
名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句
例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how 在表语从句中充当方式状语)
The scissors are not what I need.这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表语从句中充当宾语)
What I told him was that I would find him a good play.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略)
That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)
That is why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)
注意
“That is why...”是常用句型，意为“这就是„„的原因/因此„„”，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，又如： That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne.珍妮，这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异，说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括)。// That is why I came.这就是我来的原因。
下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构，它们与“That is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：
(1)“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义，只不过从语法结构上讲，“That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句，将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样，例如：
That is(the reason)why I cannot agree.这就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是为什么„„/因为„„”。“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由，“That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果，例如：
He did not see the film last night.That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。
(第一句话说明结果，第二句话说明原因)
He had seen the film before.That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影，因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果)案例分析
［考题1］
The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.(202_上海)
A.when B.why C.whether D.that
［答案］ D
［解析］ 下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句，如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思。因此，应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。
［考题2］
You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.(202_)
A.why B.where C.what D.how
［答案］ B
［解析］ 下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语(“disagree”属于不及物动词，“I disagree”本身是完整的主谓结构)，下划线应填入引导词where，表语从句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之处、我不同意的地方”。
［考题3］
— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.— Is that ____ you had a few days off?(1999)
A.why B.when C.what D.where
［答案］ A
［解析］ 下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语，下划线应填入表示“因此„„”(指因某种原因所造成的结果)的引导词why。［考题4］
____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.(202_上海)
A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that
［答案］ A
［解析］ 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语，特指她所不理解的事情，应填入关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处表示“因此„„”(指因某种原因所造成的后果，由why引导对应的名词性从句)而不是“为什么„„”(指原因、理由，由because引导对应的名词性从句)，应填入引导词why。
［考题5］
____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.(202_上海春)
A.What;because B.What;that
C.That;what D.That;because
［答案］ B
［解析］ 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语，特指令校方骄傲的事情，应选用关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处引导表语从句表示
原因、理由，应由that引导对应的名词性从句。
［考题6］
— Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
— Oh, that’s ____.(202_北京春)
A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about
C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited
［答案］ A
［解析］ A选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的事物”； B选项的意思是“我觉得激动的任何事物”； C选项的意思是“我对它感觉的方式”； D选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的时间”。四个选项中A最适合跟代表“game”的主语that对应，充当表语从句。表语从句与宾语从句的关系
宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。
宾语从句
(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点
①语序: 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序, 即“主语 + 谓语”这种形式。
②时态: 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候, 从句可以是任何时态, 而当主句是一般过去时的时候, 从句, 从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态, 即(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去完成时, 过去将来时)。
③连接词: 当从句意思完整, 主句意思肯定时, 连接词用that, 且可以省去, 当从句意思完整, 主句意思不确定或含否定含意时, 常用if或whether(是否), 当从句意思不完整时, 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。
表语从句
在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。也是名词性从句的一种。
如： What the police want to know is when you entered red the room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。
The trouble is that we are short of funds困难是我们缺乏资金。
This is what we should do这是我们应当做的。
That”s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
His first question was whether Mr.Smith had arrived yet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。
注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序，即陈述语序。
as if, as though, because也可用来引导表语从句。
She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事。It is because you eat too much是因为你吃得太多了。
第三篇：高中英语语法表语从句练习含答案
表语从句
1.__________ is troubling me is _________ I don’t understand __________ he said.A.What;that;what
B.What;what;what C.That;that;what
D.Why;that;which 2.---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.---Is that __________ you had a few days off?
A.why
B.when
C.what
D.where 3.Things were not _________ they seemed to be.A.when
B.why
C.that
D.where 4.If there was a reason why I achieved such a great success, maybe it is just __________ I have been so lucky.A.that
B.because
C.in that
D.owing to the fact that 5.---Her ability has never been in doubt.---The question is _________ she is prepared to work hard.A.that
B.if
C.where
D.whether 6.The reason why she doesn’t go there was __________ a new job.A.because she got
B.because off getting
C.due to getting
D.that she got 7._________ surprised me was _______ he couldn’t speak English.A.That;that
B.Why;that
C.Who;that
D.What;that 8.His first question was _________ Tom had arrived.A.if
B.that
C.whether
D.what 9.The question is ________ can be put into practice.A.how you have learned
B.how what you have learned
C.that why you have learned
D.how that you have learned 10.A hinge joint is _________ permits the forward and backward movement of a door.A.that
B.what
C.those
D.which 11.One reason why Hamlet is such a successful play is that _________.A.it appeals different to people
B.different people are appealed
C.it appeals to many different people
D.people find it appealing to them very much 12.I think it is _________ you are doing too much.A.because of
B.because
C.because that
D.due to 13.A more important question is _________ these ideas are well or ill found.A.where
B.when
C.how
D.whether 14.The reason he is ill is _________ he ate too much.A.due to
B.that
C.since
D.because 15.Even the mountains here are no longer ________ they used to be.A.the same
B.which
C.that
D.what 16.That’s __________ I want to say.A.all what
B.what
C.all which
D.what that 17.That’s _____________.A.where out differences lie
B.our differences lie there
C.where do our differences lie
C.that where out differences lie 18.That is __________.A.where lived he there
B.where did he lived
C.where he lived
D.that where he lived 19.The question is ____________.A.whether is it worth doing
B.that if it is worth doing
C.whether it is worth doing
C.if it is worth doing 20.Water will continue to be __________ it is today next in importance to oxygen.A.how
B.which
C.what
D.as 21.That’s __________.A.how did I become a teacher
B.how Ibecame a teacher
C.how a teacher I became
D.that I became a teacher 22.They are just ___________.A.that what shall I have
B.what shall I have
C.that I shall have what
D.what I shall have 23.It looked ___________.A.as if it was going to rain
B.that as if it was going to rain
C.as if was it going to rain
D.as if that it was going to rain 24.That’s ____________.A.how she did it
B.that how did she do it
C.how did she do it
D.what she did it 25.That is _________ we decided to put the discussion off.A.where
B.which
C.that
D.why 26.That’s ________ I lived which when I was ten years old.A.where
B.at which
C.there where
D.when 27.My suggestion is ________ we should send a few comrades to help them.A.if
B.that
C.when that
D.that where 28.With the development of computers, it is_________ man has suddenly become a millionaire of the mind.A.that
B.as if
C.why
D.as 29.It looks ________ successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.A.that
B.as if
C.why
D.as 30.The question is __________ we shall perform the experiment.A.which
B.where
C.who
D.that
AADAD DDCBB CBDBD BACCC BDAAD ABBBB
第四篇：表语从句练习
1.The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that B.if C.when D.whether
2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.A.because B.that C.for D.because of 3.Go and get your coat.It’ s ________you left it
A.where B.there C.there where D.where there 4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted
A.who can we get B.what we can get
C.who we can get D.that we can get 5.What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.A.that B.if C.whether D.不填 6.The reason is_________I missed the bus.A.that B.when C.why D.what 7.That is __ ___ we were late last time.A.that B.when C.why D.what
8.She looked _________ she were ten years younger.A.that B.like C.as D.as though 9.—I felt sick!
--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.A.why B.when C.what D.because 10.The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.A.because his mother is ill B.because of his mother’s being ill C.that his mother is ill D.for his mother is ill 11.—He was born here.--That is _______ he likes the place so much.A.that B.what C.why D.how 12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A.what B.where C.that D.why
13．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you B.That；how you are C.How；that you are D.What；how you are 14.The trouble is__________we are short of tools.A.what B.that C.how D.why that
15.America was __________was first called ―India‖ by Columbus.A.what B.where C.the place D.there where
16.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_________.A.what it used to be B.what it was used to being C.what it used to being D.what it was used to be
17.________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A.What … that B.That … what
C.What … what D.That … what 18.The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.such
19.—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.—Is that_____ you had a few days off？（NMET1999）A.why B.what C.when D.where.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.（1998 上海）A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why D.It’s how
21.See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.（06 全国）A.when B.which C.where D.what
22.---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?(202_北京春)
---Oh, that’s _____.A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited
23.What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.（202_湖北）A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which 24.-I drive to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that __you had a few days off?(NMET1999)A.why B.when C.what D where 25.The question is ____it is worth visiting.A.if B.as if C.whether D.how 26.This is _____it happened.A.what B.when C.that D.how 27.This is ____ the city lies.A.which B.what C.where D.when 28.He was ill.That is ____he didn’t come yesterday.A.when B.why C.how D.that 29.That was ___ I was thirteen I entered the No.1 Middle School.A.because B.why C.how D when 30.The problem is ____we can master modern science and technology in a short time.A.if B.that C.what D.how 31.–Doesn’t Mr.Smith live on this street?
-No.This is ____Mr.Brown lives.A.which B.where C.how D.that 32.The reason why he has been such a success is ____he never gives up.A.what B.where C.how D.that 33.–what is that building?
-___the garden equipment is stored A.that’s where B.There is in which C.the building is D.That’s the building which 34.Our village is no longer ____over twenty years ago.A.what was it
B.what it was
C.the village what was
D.what was the village 35.___you are the first one here.A.it seems that as if B.it seems as if that c.it seems as if D.It seems that as though 36.My hope is ___he will become a doctor in the future.A.if B.whether C.that D.what 37.it was ___they were used as an advertisement for the shop.A.because B.which C.what D.if
答案：1-5DBACC
6-10ACDDC
11-15CBDBA
16-20AACAB
21-25DAAAC
26-30DCBAD
31-35BBABC
36-37CA 2
第五篇：高中英语语法总结-定语从句
嘉兴英语教学网收集整理 欢迎使用
高中英语语法总结大全之定语从句
定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.（对）I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A.whereB.thatC.on whichD.the one
例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.whereB.thatC.on whichD.the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。
限制性和非限制性定语从句
1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了
三遍。
3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
as, which非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he
答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
答案B.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法
例1.the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he(has).例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)
what/whatever/that...1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)
关系代词that的用法
1）不用that的情况
a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b)介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.e)先行词既有人，又有物时。
举例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察
