第一篇：大学英语4英语翻译

1.人人都知道她生性骄傲。（by nature）

It is known to all that she is proud by nature.2.你只有一次机会，所以最好充分利用它！（make the most of）

You’ll only get one chance,so you’d better make the most of it.3.事故导致两名乘客死亡。（result in）

The accident resulted in the death of two passengers.4.有个好老师后，他的情况完全不一样了。（make all the difference）Having a good teacher has made all the difference for him.5.供职于一家大银行22年后，我突然失去了工作。一次裁员潮导致了一百多名员工失去工作，其中便有我。After twenty-two years of working for a major bank,a downing wave resulted in the elimination of over one hundred jobs,mine being one of them.6.没有大学文凭并没有影响到我在银行的职业生涯，但获得学位确实是我的平身夙愿。

Not being a graduate had never held me back in my career with the bank,but now it was a personal goal i longed to achieve.7.现在，我工作不再是为了“名利”，我的身心与我所关心的人紧紧地连在一起。Now ,instead of working towards materialistic things and personal glory,my heart and life are firmly linked around people i care about.8.当我细细琢磨我的信条“变是好事，变是进步”时，我意识到我已接受了“变”，并在充分利用“变”。

As i think about the meaning of my belief “change is good,change is progress”,i realize that i have accepted the change,and am making the most of it.1.你的女儿渴望得到你的爱，你为什么对她那么冷淡？（be hungry for）Your daughter is hungry for your love.why are you so cold to her?

2.尽管我们之间几乎没有什么共同之处，但你仍然是我最好的朋友。（have...in common）

Although we have little in common,you are still my best friend.3.她完全失去了控制，失声痛哭起来。（lose one’s control）She lost all her control and burst into tears.4.我不明白到底是什么使他陷入绝望。（sink into despair）

I did not understand what on earth made him sink into despair.5.自从我被从家中带走，并与成千上万的其他犹太人一起被关到这里以来，我已濒临死亡，只能活一天算一天，活一小时算一小时。

I am almost dead, surviving from day to day, from hour to hour, ever since I was taken from my home and brought here with thousands of other Jews.6.我想把目光挪开，被一个陌生人这样打量，我感到特别害臊，但我的视线无法从她的双眼移开。

I want to look away, oddly ashamed for this stranger to see me like this, but I cannot tear my eyes from hers.7.一晃过了数月，噩梦仍在继续。但对这个小女孩的回忆支撑着我度过了那恐怖、痛苦和无望的岁月。

Months pass and the nightmare continues.But the memory of this girl sustains me through the terror, the pain, the hopelessness.8.在这充满死亡的世界中，这个苹果无疑表达的是生命和爱。我抬起头时，看见那个女孩在远处消失了。

In my world of death this apple is an expression of life, of love.I glance up in time to see the girl disappearing into the distance

1.很不幸，只有20人来上我的课。（no more than）

No more than twenty people came to my class, unfortunately.2.这位知名教授专门从事儿童早期教育。（specialize in）The famous professor specialized in the education of children at an early age.3.她说她恨她的丈夫，或者大意如此的话。（to that effect）She said she hated her husband, or words to that effect.4.我们已采取了一切必要措施来纠正这些错误。（remedy）

We have done whatever is necessary to remedy these mistakes.1.求职申请信应该简洁明了，长度不超过一页。求职申请信还应该清晰易读，只需把必不可少的信息写上即可。

The application letter should be brief, no more than one page in length.It should be easy to read and include only the necessary information.2.选择哪种格式其实是个人喜好问题，因为有许多格式可供选择。

The style you choose is really a matter of personal preference, as there are many different styles to choose from.3.假如你是未经预先通知、自己登门求职的，那么你应该说明如果现在的职位已满，你还有意申请以后的工作机会。

If you are “cold calling” a company, then you should make it clear that you are applying for any current or future employment opportunities.4.面试就是你真正获得朝思暮想职位的时机。祝你好运!The interview, then, is where you can really get the position you've always wanted.Good luck!

1.在演艺界要达到顶峰可不容易。（make it）

It's hard to make it to the top in the show business.2.她生活中曾经跌宕起伏，但她总能振作起来。（pull oneself together）She had her ups and downs, but she had always managed to pull herself together.3.他从来没有乘过船。（on board）

He has never been on board a ship before.4.我无法照你的意见做，不过还得谢谢你的忠告。（nevertheless）

I can't follow your advice.Nevertheless thank you for giving it.1.当我冲向座位时，乘客们惊恐万状地抬头望着我，那是意识到自已即将死去的表情。

As I rushed toward my seat, passengers looked up at me with the nervous expressions of creatures who know they are about to die.2.我眼看要晕倒了。但看见邻座女孩那张面孔，我又振作起来。

I was ready to faint, but when I saw the face of the girl next to me, I pulled myself together.3.在那20分钟里，我脑海中掠过许多情感，其中之一就是骄傲。我为机上乘客个个都表现出色而骄傲。

Among the many feelings going through my head during those 20 minutes was pride—pride in how well everybody on board was behaving.4.当最终叫到我的名字，要我登上另一架飞机时，我差不多是含泪和他们告别的。尽管相识时间短暂，但他们深深地打动了我。

When my name was finally called to board my new flight, I felt almost tearful to be parting from the people whose lives had so intensely, if briefly, touched mine.1.他想长大后当公司经理。（grow up）

He wants to be a company manager when he grows up.2.这首歌代代相传。（hand down）

This song is handed down from generation to generation.3.我们不得不耐着性子看完那部沉闷的电影。（sit through）We had to sit through that boring movie.4.你要不停地学习才能跟上这个忙碌的社会。（on the go）

You must keep studying to catch up with this society that is on the go.1.我这一代，即在20世纪50年代和60年代长大成人的这一代，也许是喜欢被营造各种情节的无数文字包围的最后一代。

My generation, the generation that came of age in the 1950s and 1960s, may be the last to appreciate being surrounded by millions of words working together to create plots of every kind.2.最近，伊利诺伊州大学芝加哥分校校长的一番话证实了这个问题的存在。他说在他的大学，10%的新生只有普通小学生的阅读水平。

Recently, the head of the University of Illinois's branch campus in Chicago reinforced the reality of such a problem in saying that 10 percent of the freshmen at his university could read no better than the average student in elementary school.3.听音乐、看电影、看电视上的卡通片，这些活动对文化消费者没有任何要求，只需到场即可。

To listen to a record, to sit through a movie, to watch cartoons on television—these activities all require nothing of the cultural consumer, save his mere presence.4.处于一个任何东西都可用完就扔掉的时代，一本被珍藏并反复阅读的书最终不过是旧时代的古物，在高速运转的时代几无立足之处了。

Ultimately, in an age when everything seems to be disposable, the book one keeps and reads time and again is nothing more than a primitive item from the past with little or no place in a society that is always on the go.1.她羞怯地看了他一眼。（give sb.a look）She gave him a shy look.2.看上去好像全镇的人都来看这场戏了。（seem like）it seemed like the whole town had come to the show.3.如果你想这样做，你就是如履薄冰了。（be/skate on thin ice）If you try that, you'll really be on thin ice.4.我不得不克制住自己，没把坏消息告诉他。（restrain from）I had to restrain myself from telling him the bad news.1.我说：“我会想念你的。”但她瞥了我一眼就离开了房间。

I say, “I'm going to miss you,” and she gives me one of her looks and leaves the room.2.她那张曾经坦诚、信赖的面孔现在变得几乎带有敌意了。

Her face, once so open and trusting, is almost hostile now.3.有人说你和孩子的关系越密切，她就越需要摆脱这种关系，以确立自己在这个世界上的身份。

Some say the tighter your bond with your child, the greater her need to break away, to establish her own identity in the world.4.你女儿会回到你身边的。这不过是她正在经历的一个阶段而已。

Your daughter will come back to you.This is just a phase she's going through.1.这些便宜的包也很好，何必非买那个贵的。（make sense）

It doesn't make sense to buy that expensive bag when those cheap ones are just as good.2.我们还是把事实真相告诉她吧，她迟早会发现的。（sooner or later）We'd better tell her the truth.She'll find it out sooner or later.3.英语老师建议我从中级课程开始学习。（intermediate）

My English teacher suggested that I start with the intermediate course.4.这处房产已经易主。（ownership）This estate is under new ownership.1.不管房子多么小或多么寒酸，英国人总是把他们的家看成是这个世界上属于自己的一个小角落。

No matter how small or humble the home, a British person considers the place where they live to be their own little corner of the world.2.因此，绝大多数人与银行协商贷款，称为抵押贷款。这种贷款在一段较长时期内（通常是25年）分期偿还。

So, most people negotiate a loan, called a mortgage, with a bank.This loan is then paid back in regular installments over a long period of time—often twenty-five years.3.虽然英国人口增长不快，但每年修建的房屋和公寓难以满足需求。因此，房屋价格上涨。

Even though Britain's population is not growing very fast, the number of new houses and flats built every year is not quite enough to meet the demand.Consequently, prices rise.4.英国人的房屋所有权的另一个特点是“卖旧房买新房”的愿望，这让其他国家的许多人迷惑不解。

Another feature of British home ownership, which is puzzling to many people from other countries, is the desire to “trade up”.1.关于你的求职申请，我们会在三天之后给你答复。（in regard to）

In regard to your application for a position, we will give you an answer in three days.2.外资占这家工厂总投资的30%。（make up）Foreign investment makes up 30 percent of the factory's total investment.3.并非所有努力都会带来成功，但我们还是要尽力。（result in）

Not all efforts will result in success, but we still have to try our best.4.改掉抽烟的坏习惯并不容易，可这是你唯一的选择。（get rid of）

It's not easy to get rid of the bad habit of smoking, but this is your only choice.1.你得改改口音，否则升到高级管理职位的机会不大。

Either you improve your accent or your chances of getting promoted to senior management won't be good.2.尽管心情复杂，他还是雇了一位语音老师来帮助自己。

Despite mixed feelings, he hired a speech coach to help him out.3.语音教师和许多其他专业人士认为，一些美国人对说话带有口音的人带有偏见。

Speech coaches and many other professionals say that some Americans have a prejudice against those who speak with an accent.4.但接连上了一段时间的课之后，他的发音提高了78%，自信心也增加了，这对他很有利。他承认他早就应该这样做了。

But following the long procession of lessons, he improved by 78 percent, received a healthy injection of confidence, and admits that he should have done it sooner.1.她告诫我不要过于自信。（warn against）

She warned me against being too self-confident.2.我们终于成功在望了。（in sight）Our success was in sight at last.3.他在外面淋了一天雨，结果患了重感冒。（bring on）

He was out in the rain all day and this brought on a bad cold.4.这幢房子是他的奶奶传给他的。（pass down）

This house was passed down to him from his grandmother.1.一些科学家认为快乐属于生物学范畴，尽管很多科学家认为答案并非如此简单。

Some scientists believe it to be a matter of biology, though many believe the answer cannot be wrapped up in such a neat little packet.2.同样地，医学研究者认为沮丧和焦虑是由这些化学物质失衡造成的。所以他们经常开一些片剂给那些无法产生足够此类化学物质的病人。

Likewise, medical researchers believe that depression and anxiety are caused by an imbalance of such chemicals, and often prescribe them in tablet form to patients who cannot produce enough.3.另一方面，反对哈默理论的人指出，多种因素都有可能对研究人员的研究构成影响，并告诫人们不要过于重视这些研究结果。

On the other hand, opponents of Hamer's theory note that any number of factors may have affected the researchers' studies, and warn against attaching great importance to these results.4.最后，双方辩论仍在如火如荼地进行，短期内不会平息。Ultimately, torches still burn brightly on both sides of this debate, with no real settlement in sight.1.从他的第一部小说，我们可以看出他是极具深度和智慧的作家。(depth)From his first novel, we can see that he is a writer of great depth and wisdom.2.他们以极大的决心对付环境问题。(confront)They have confronted the problem of environment with great determination.3.我们要优先考虑能给农民带来利益的项目。(give priority to)We should give priority to projects which can bring benefits to farmers.4.这家工厂的生产能力是每周200辆汽车。(capacity)This factory has a productive capacity of 200 cars a week.1.近来，最先在发达国家，然后在其他国家，人们的健康状况取得了长足进步，这主要归功于早期儿童传染性疾病死亡人数的下降。

The considerable recent gains in health, first in developed countries and then in others, have resulted primarily from a reduction in the number of deaths caused by early-childhood infectious diseases.2.我们现在必须问自己的问题是，对于如此高的消费、健康和环境影响水平，我们期望维持多长时间。

We must now ask ourselves how long we can expect to maintain these high levels of consumption, health, and environmental impact.3.然而，在新的世纪人类是否能够保持健康与快乐，越来越不容乐观。

Yet, it is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain a positive outlook on our capacity to sustain healthy and happy populations in the coming century.4.我们不能把“环境健康”狭隘地看成是地方性污染问题，认为凭借技术管理就能解决；当面临“经济增长”的竞争时，人们通常牺牲环境健康，保全经济利益。

We must look beyond the restricted views of “environmental health” as a problem of local population—a problem that can be solved with technical management, but one that is often compromised when “economic growth” is the competing value.

第二篇：大学英语翻译材料

前4单元课后段落翻译答案

Unit 1 Love of Reading

1.我的祖母不识字，可是她有一箩筐的神话和传奇故事。

Although my grandmother was illiterate, she had a good stock of myths and legends.2.小时候我总是缠着她，要她给我讲故事。

When I was young I gave her no peace, constantly asking her to tell me stories.3.而她在忙完家务后，总会把我抱到膝上，一边讲故事一边有节奏地晃动我。

After she had finished her housework, she would lift me onto her lap and tell stories, all the while rocking me in rhythm.4.这些故事加上她丰富的表情，深深地吸引住了我。

These stories and her expressive face appealed profoundly to me.5.我父母发现了我对故事的浓厚兴趣，不失时机地引导我进行阅读。

Having noticed my interest in stories, my parents lost no time in initiating me into reading.6.他们给我买了许多带插图的故事书，有空的时候就一遍遍地读给我听。

They bought many storybooks with illustrations, and whenever free, they would read these stories to me over and over again.7.慢慢地我认识了很多字，能够自行阅读了。

By and by I had a vocabulary large enough to read on my own.8.直到今天，我还要感谢祖母和双亲。

Today, I still live in gratitude to my grandmother and my parents.9.没有他们，我今天不可能成为一名作家。

Without them, I could never have become a writer.Unit 2 Diet

1.一项又一项的研究发现，食物和一些慢性病之间有密切关系。

Study after study has uncovered the fact that there is a close correlation between food and a number of chronic diseases.2.例如：某些慢性病危险的降低和多吃以植物为基本成分的食物是相联系的。

For example, a decreased risk of certain chronic diseases is associated with an increased consumption of plant-based foods.3.因此，在过去的十年中，美国饮食协会敦促美国人减少动物脂肪的摄取，增加水果、蔬

菜和谷物的消费。

Therefore, in the past decade, the American Dietetic Association has urged Americans to reduce their intake of animal fats, and to boost consumption of fruits, vegetables, and grains.4.同时，美国农业部发布了包括食物指导金字塔在内的文件，鼓励人们每天至少吃三道蔬

菜和两份水果。

Meanwhile, the United States Department of Agriculture has released a document containing the food guide pyramid which encourages a minimum of 3 vegetables and 2 fruit servings per day.5.但是许多美国人还是没有按照这些建议去做。

However, many Americans still don’t meet/listen to these recommendations.6.彼德就是一个很好的例子。

A good case in point is Peter.7.他因摄入过量的动物脂肪患了心血管病。

He developed a cardiovascular disease due to an excessive intake of animal fats.8.尽管医生建议他吃有益于健康的食物，诸如吃以植物为主的食物，但是他非常固执，从

不采纳。Although his doctor suggested he should adopt a healthy diet, such as eating plant-based foods, he was too stubborn to listen.9.他说他无法抵挡有肉菜肴的诱惑，他的理想饮食一定要包含肉。

He said he couldn’t resist the temptation of dishes with meat and that meat would always feature prominently in his ideal diet.10.人们没有意识到多吃以植物为主的食物的必要性，这使政府更加担心。他们正发起新的

运动，以提高人们这方面的认识。

People’s lack of awareness of the need to eat more plant-based foods has heightened the government’s concern and it is launching a new campaign to increase public awareness in this area.11.今天你吃了多少水果和蔬菜呢？

Well, how much fruit and vegetable have you eaten today?

Unit 3 Lying

1.我们大学的新任校长不赞成在某些情况下容许说慌的看法。

The new president of our university disapproves of the idea that we should be allowed to tell lies under certain circumstances.2.他要求校内所有的教师和学生诚实行事，永不说谎。

He calls on all the teachers and students of the university to conduct themselves with honesty and never tell lies.3.他认为一旦人们习惯于说任何一类的谎言，他们就会纵容自己，最终无法摆脱说谎恶习。

He believes that if people get used to telling any kind of lie, they will indulge themselves and eventually be stuck with the bad habit.4.是否讲谎话有时会成为棘手的难题，但是我们的校长坚持认为在教育青年人的过程中，所有教育界的人士都不得逃避将诚实放在首位的责任。

To tell or not to tell a lie can sometimes become a very sticky issue, but our president is adamant that nobody in the world of education should dodge the responsibility of attaching primary importance to honesty while teaching the young.5.我同意他的看法。6.I agree with him, 7.你的意见呢？

What about you? Unit 4 Unforgettable Teachers

1.在注册上数学202这门课时，我就预料到会有困难，因为我在高中读书时数学基础不好。When I enrolled in Math 202, I anticipated difficulties because I was not well grounded in

mathematics in high school.2.这门课是由理查森教授讲授的，他是一位典型的老派的先生，穿着正式，说话声音柔和，对学生热情友好。

The course was taught by Professor Richardson, a fine specimen of an old-fashioned gentleman, formally dressed, soft spoken, and cordial to his students.3.然而，在学术问题上他一点也不马虎。

However, when it came to academic matters, he was by no means an easy person.4.在正式授课之前，他热情洋溢地阐述了有条不紊地工作、课前做好充分准备、坚持不懈努力和不满足于所学知识的重要性。

Before he started his lecture, he discoursed enthusiastically on the importance of working in an orderly fashion, of being thoroughly prepared before each class, of being steadfast in one’s efforts, and of not being content with what you have learned.5.毫无疑问，讲授数学对他来说是神圣的工作。

There was no doubt that teaching math was something sacred to him.6.他的工作态度具有很强的感染力，渐渐地，我爱上了数学。

His attitude towards work was infectious, and by and by I became an ardent math lover, too.

第三篇：大学英语精读第二册英语翻译整理

1.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。

Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点意外。

The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了。Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.4.当全部乘客都向出口处(exit)走去时，他却独自留在座位上，好像不愿意离开这架飞机似的。While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.5.这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。

The letter is to be handed to Dr.Wilson himself.6.南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。

While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7.你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他？

What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 8.猎人一看见有只狐狸从树丛中出现并向他设下(lay)的陷阱(trap)方向跑去，脸上顿时闪出了兴奋的表情。The hunter’s face lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction of / make for the trap he had laid.1)会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.2)这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料。

By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.3)他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍。

It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.4)委员会成员在新机场最佳选址(location)这一问题上持有不同意见。

The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5)亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。

Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's.6)我们产品质量的稳步提高在很大程度上是由于设备有所改进。

The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment.7)吉姆本想按照自己的判断行事，但他没有这样做，因为作为军人他得服从命令。

Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didn't because as a soldier he had to obey the order.8)如果让我来决定我们是要一个没有自行车的城市呢，还是要一个没有汽车的城市，我会毫不犹豫地选择后者。Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.1.She got a post as a cashier at a local bank.But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.她在当地一家银行找到一份出纳员的工作，但不久因不称

职而被解雇了。

2.It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.很明显是他的年轻助手在经营这家书店。

3.No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.这项建议在会上一宣布，她就站起来提出异议。

4.Bill has applied to Harvard University for a teaching assistantship, but his chances of getting it are slim.比尔已向哈佛大学申请助教职位，但他得到它的可能性很小。5.Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.由于缺乏资金，他们正在想办法吸引外资。

6.The room smells of stale air.It must have been vacant for a long time.这个房间有股霉味，一定是好久没人住了。

7.As far as hobbies are concerned, Jane and her sister have little in common.就业余爱好而言，珍妮和她妹妹几乎没有什么共同之处。8.It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.不言而喻，青年人的教育对于一个国家的未来是至关重要的。

1)那小女孩跑得太快，身体一下失去平衡，跌倒了。The little girl ran so fast that she was thrown off balance and fell over / down.2)他致力于研究工作的精神(devotion to research)给我留下了很深印象，但我对他那些深奥的理论丝毫不感兴趣。I was impressed by his devotion to research but I did not have the slightest interest in his profound theories.3)千万别说可能会被人误解的话。Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.4)我被他们互相矛盾的意见搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是。

I was so bewildered by their conflicting advice that I did not know how to act/what to do.5)起初，这个复杂问题使他们感到灰心丧气，但经过仔细思考后他们终于研究出了解决办法。At first this complicated problem frustrated them, but after thinking it over carefully they finally worked out a solution.6)体育代表团团长在少先队员向他献上一束鲜花时愉快地笑了。The head of the sports delegation beamed with delight when a young pioneer presented him with a bunch of flowers.7)这学期我们都学习得不错，我真不明白为什么我们的英语老师单单表扬了班长一个人。

I really don't see why our English teacher should single out our monitor for praise since we have all done quite well this term.8)我相信比较高级的|(higher)|动物是由比较低级的|（lower）|动物进化而来|（develop from）|的这一学说。I believe in the theory that the higher animals developed from the lower ones.1)如果富有的国家多花些钱搞绿色工业，而不是去建立军事机器和制造核武器，当今许多广泛存在的污染问题将会逐渐消失。

If the rich countries spent more money on green industries, instead of on building up military machines and nuclear weapons, many of today's widespread pollution problems would gradually disappear.2)烧煤的时候，不仅消耗房子里面的氧气，而且还散发出有毒的气体。

The burning of coal not only consumes the oxygen in the house but also gives out poisonous gases.3)显然，找到替代能源对我们经济的稳定发展是至关重要的。

Apparently, finding alternative energy sources is essential to the steady development of our economy.4)太阳能电池（solar cell）能吸收阳光并把它变成电。Solar cells can absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity.5)如果地球上的温度继续年复一年地上升，极地的冰帽将会开始融化，沿海城市中一半的建筑物很可能会消失在劈啪飞溅的海浪下面。

If the temperature on the Earth continues to go up from year to year, the polar ice caps will begin to melt and, in all likelihood, half of the buildings in coastal cities will disappear beneath splashing sea waves.6)因为这些生物很小并且常常躲在叶子茂密的植物下面，肉眼并不都可以看见。

Because these creatures are small and tend to hide beneath leafy plants, they are not always visible to the naked eye.7)由于受到原子辐射，他最终在工作时倒下了。

As a result of exposure to atomic radiation, he finally collapsed at work.8)有明显的证据表明工作上的重压与身体的某些毛病有联系。

There is distinct evidence of the connection between heavy pressure of work and some disorders of the body.1)只要你不断努力，你迟早会解决这个难题的。

If / As long as you keep(on)trying, you will be able to resolve this difficult problem sooner or later.2)我们预料我们的计划会受到抵制(resistance)。

We anticipate encountering / that we will encounter resistance to our plan / our plan will meet with resistance.3)吉姆的朋友说，他们那个城市的噪音污染十分严重，但是他们只好忍着。

Jim's friends said that the noise pollution in their city was terrible, but they had to live with it.4)汤姆起初认为，凭他的知识、技术和经验，一定能够找到一份称心如意的工作。

At first Tom thought that with his knowledge, skill and experience he was bound to find a satisfactory job.5)冷静耐心地处理这个微妙(delicate)问题是明智的。It would be wise / advisable to handle this delicate problem with calmness and patience.6)迪克以为，如果他拆不开那台机器，那么很可能厂里别的工人也拆不开。

Dick thought that if he wasn't able to take the machine apart, chances were that no other worker in the plant could, either.7)你是否认为公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负完全的责任？

Do you think bus drivers should take full responsibility for the passengers' safety?

8)你不必再去多想那些判断上的失误了。重要的是尽量避免再犯。

You needn't dwell on your mistakes in judgment any more.What's important is to try your best to avoid repeating them.

第四篇：第三单元大学英语英语翻译

Organizing Data in a Traditional File

Environment

An effective information system provides users with timely, accurate, and relevant information.This information is stored in computer files.When the files are properly arranged and maintained, users can easily access and retrieve the information they need.传统环境下的数据组织

一个高效的信息系统应向使用者提供及时、准确以及相关的信息。信息存储在系统的文件中。正确地整理和维护文件，可以使用户很容易地检索到他们所需要的信息。

You can appreciate the importance of file management if you have ever written a term paper using 3×5 index cards.No matter how efficient your storage device(a metal box or a rubber band), if you organize the cards randomly your term paper will have little or no organization.如果你在撰写学期论文时曾经使用过3×5索引卡，你会体会到文件管理的重要性。不管你的存储设备（一个金属盒或一个皮筋）效率如何,如果你随意地组织你的卡片,你的学期论文将会缺乏组织性

Given enough time, you could put the cards in order, but your system would be more efficient if you set up your organizational scheme early on.If your scheme is flexible enough and well documented, you can extend it to account for any changes in your viewpoint as you write your paper.如果有足够的时间，你可以将卡片按次序放置，但是如果你早点创建你自己的组织方案，你的系统会做得更有效。如果你的方案足够的灵活并且文档也很齐全，那么在你撰写论文时，可以利用它来说明观点中的任何变化。

The same need for file organization applies to firms.Well-managed, carefully arranged files make it easy to obtain data for business decisions, whereas poorly managed files lead to chaos in information processing high costs, poor performance, and little, if any, flexibility.Despite the use of excellent hardware and software, many organizations have inefficient information systems because of poor file management.公司同样也需要组织文件。组织良好，认真安排的文件可以使商业决策获取数据变得更容易，而组织混乱的文件只能导致信息处理紊乱、成本高、性能差并且灵活性低。尽管使用优秀的硬件和软件，但由于文件组织得不好，很多组织的信息系统的效率还是很低。

File Organization Terms and Concepts A computer system organizes data in hierarchy that starts with bits and bytes and progresses to fields, records, files, and databases.A bit represents the smallest unit of data a computer can handle.文件组织术语及概念

计算机系统按层次组织数据，位、字节、数据项、记录、文件和数据库。位代表计算机中最小的数据单位。

A group of bits, called a byte, represents a single character, which can be a letter, a number, or another symbol.A grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number(such as a person’s name or age), is called a field.一组位，叫做一个字节，表示一个独立的字，它可以是一个字母、一个数字或其它的符号。一组字组成一个词、一组词或一个纯数字（例如一个人的名字或年龄）叫做一个字段。

A group of related fields, such as the student’s name, the course taken, the date, and the grade, comprises a record;a group of records of the same type is called a file.For instance, the student records could constitute a course file.一组相关的字段，例如学生的姓名、所选的课程、日期、年级，组成一个记录；一组相同类型的记录被称为文件。例如，学生记录可以构成一个课程文件。

A group of related files makes up a database.The student course file could be grouped with files on student’s personal histories and financial backgrounds to create a student database.一组相关的文件组成一个数据库。学生课程文件可以和学生个人履历文件、个人经济情况文件共同创建一个学生数据库。

A record describes an entity.An entity is a person, place, thing, or event on which we maintain information.An order is a typical entity in a sales order file, which maintains information on a firm’s sales orders.Each characteristic or quality describing a particular entity is called an attribute.一个记录描述了一个实体。一个实体可以是一个人、一个地方、一个东西或一件事情，我们维护与它们有关的信息。销售订单文件提供一个公司销售订单信息，在销售订单文件中，一个订单是一个典型的实体。

For example, order number, order date, order amount, item number, and item quantity would each be an attribute of the entity order.The specific values that these attributes can have can be found in the fields of the record describing the entity order.每个用来描述具体实体的特质或特征的叫做属性。例如，订单号、订货日期、订货量、产品代码和产品数量每一个都是实体订单的一个属性。这些属性的具体取值可以在描述实体订单的记录中的字段里找到。

Every record in a file should contain at least one field that uniquely identifies that record so that the record can be retrieved, update, or sorted.This identifier field is called a key field.An example of a key field is the order number for the order record or an employee number or social security number for a personnel record(containing employee data such as the employees’ name, age, address, job title, and so forth).文件中的每一条记录至少包含一个能被唯一识别的数据字段，这样记录可被检索、更新或分类。这个标识字段叫做关键字段。举个关键字段的例子,如订单号是订单记录的关键字段，员工编号或社会保险号是一个个人记录（包括员工数据，例如员工的名字、年龄、住址、工作职别等等）的关键字段。

Accessing Records from Computer Files

Computer systems store files on secondary storage devices.Records can be arranged in several ways on storage media, and the arrangement determines the manner in which inpidual records can be accessed or retrieved.从计算机文件中存取记录

计算机系统将文件存储在外存设备中。记录以多种方式存放在存储介质中，而且存放方式决定了单个记录被存取或检索的方式。

One way to organize records is sequentially.In sequential file organization, data records must be retrieved in the same physical sequence in which they are stored.In contrast, direct or random file organization allows users to access records in any sequence they desire, without regard to actual physical order on the storage media.一种组织记录的方式是有序的。在按顺序组织的文件中，数据记录的检索顺序必须与数据的存储顺序相同。相反，不考虑存取介质的物理顺序，直接或随机存取文件允许用户以任何他们想要的顺序存取文件。

Sequential file organization is the only file organization method that can be used on magnetic tape.This file organization method is no longer popular, but some organizations still use it for batch processing applications in which they access and process each record sequentially.顺序文件组织是唯一的一种可以用在磁带上的文件组织方式。这种文件组织方式已不再流行了，但是一些组织仍然使用它来进行批处理，这些处理对每一条记录依次进行存储和处理。

A typical application using sequential files is payroll, in which all employees in a firm must be paid one by one and issued a check.Direct or random file organization is utilized with magnetic disk technology(although records can be stored sequentially on disk if desired).Most computer applications today utilize some method of direct file organization.顺序文件的一个典型应用是工资单，必须依次地对工资单中的所有公司职员支付工资和支票。直接存取或随机存取文件组织方式可用于磁盘技术（但是，如果愿意的话，磁盘中的记录可以按顺序存储）。

Problems with the Traditional File Environment

Most organizations began information processing on a small scale, automating one application at a time.Systems tended to grow independently, and not according to some grand plan.Each functional area tended to develop systems in isolation from other functional areas.Accounting, finance, manufacturing, human resources, and marketing all developed their own systems and data files.传统文件环境存在的问题

大多数组织每次进行的都是小规模的、自动化的信息处理。系统越来越具有独立性，并且不再采用大型的方案。每个功能区的开发都试图孤立于其它模块。会计、金融、生产、人力资源和销售均开发各自的系统和数据文件。

Each application, of course, required its own files and its own computer program to operate.For example, the human resources functional area might have a personnel master file, a payroll file, a medical insurance file, a pension file, a mailing list file, and so forth until tens, perhaps hundreds, of files and programs existed.当然，每个应用都需要自己的文件和计算机系统。例如，人力资源功能区可能需要一个人事主文件、一个工资文件、一个医保文件、一个退休金文件、一个邮件发送清单文件等等，几十个甚至上百个文件或程序。

In the company as a whole, this process led to multiple master files created, maintained, and operated by separate pisions or departments.就整个公司来说，这个过程会导致多种主要文件的创建、维护，并被不同的部门使用。

There are names for this situation: traditional file environment;the flat file organization(because most of the data are organized in flat files);and the data file approach(because the data and business logic are tied to specific files and related programs).By any name, the situation results in growing inefficiency and complexity.对这种情况的叫法有：传统文件环境、平面文件组织（因为大部分的数据组织在平面文件里）、数据文件方式（因为数据和事务逻辑被捆绑于具体的文件和相关的程序中）。无论是哪个名字，这种环境的结果就是低效和复杂性越来越大。

As this process goes on for five or ten years, the organization is saddled with hundreds of programs and applications, with no one who knows what they do, what data they use, and who is using the data.当这种处理方法使用了五或十年，组织已经承载了上百个程序和应用软件，没有人知道这些程序和软件做什么，用什么数据，并且谁在使用数据。

The organization is collecting the same information in far too many files.The resulting problems are data redundancy, program-data dependence, inflexibility, poor data security, and inability to share data among applications.组织可以从多个文件中搜集同一个信息。导致的问题就是数据冗余、程序与数据间相依赖、非灵活性、缺乏数据安全性和应用软件之间无法共享数据。

Data Redundancy and Confusion

Data redundancy is the presence of duplicate data in multiple data files.Data redundancy occurs when different pisions, functional areas, and groups in an organization independently collect the same piece of information.For instance, within the commercial loans pision of a bank, the marketing and credit information functions might collect the same customer information.数据冗余和混乱

数据冗余表现为完全一样的数据存放在多个数据文件中。当一个组织中不同的部门、功能和团体独立地搜集相同部分信息时就会发生数据冗余。例如，在一个银行的商业贷款部门里，市场和借贷信息功能可能搜集相同的客户信息。

Because it is collected and maintained in so many different places, the same data item may have different meanings in different parts of the organization.Simple data items such as the fiscal year, employee identification, and product code can take on different meanings as programmers and analysts work in isolation on different applications.由于信息的搜集和维护是在不同的地方进行的，所以相同的数据项会在组织中不同的部分有不同的含义。当不同的应用软件的程序员和分析工作是相互孤立的，简单的数据项，例如会计、员工身份证明和产品编码会表现出不同的意思。

Program-Data Dependence

Program-data dependence is the tight relationship between data stored in files and the specific programs required to update and maintain those files.Every computer program has to describe the location and nature of the data with which it works.程序与数据间相依赖

程序和数据之间的依赖是指存储在文件中的数据和用来更新及维护这些文件的具体的程序间存在紧密的关系。每个计算机程序都必须对它使用的数据的位置和属性进行描述。

In a traditional file environment, any change in data requires a change in all programs that access the data.Changes, for instance, in tax rates or ZIP-code length require changes in programs.Such programming changes may cost millions of dollars to implement in programs that require the revised data.在传统文件环境中，数据的任何更改要求所有存取这一数据的程序发生改变。例如，税率或邮政编码长度的变化要求程序也要随之变动。这种对修改了数据的程序进行设计上的改变可能会花费几百万美元。

Lack of Flexibility

A traditional file system can deliver routine scheduled reports after extensive programming efforts, but it cannot deliver ad hoc reports or respond unanticipated information requirements in a timely fashion..缺乏灵活性

一个传统文件系统在大量的程序设计工作后会提供常规的日程安排报告，但是它不能提供临时的报告或及时回应事先无法预料到的信息需求。

The information required by ad hoc requests is somewhere in the system but too expensive to retrieve.Several programmers would have to work for weeks to put together the required data items in a new file.临时请求所需要的信息存储在系统某处，但由于花费高而无法获取。几个程序员需要花费数周的时间将所需的数据项放到一个新文件中。

Poor Security

Because there is little control or management of data, access to and dissemination of information are virtually out of control.What limits on access exist tend to be the result of habit and tradition, as well as of the sheer difficulty of finding information.缺乏安全性

由于对数据的控制和管理太少，信息的存取和传播实际上是不被控制的。现有的存取限制是由习惯和惯例所造就的，同样也造就了寻找信息的异常艰难。

Lack of Data-Sharing and Availability

The lack of control over access to data in this confused environment does not make it easy for people to obtain information.Because pieces of information in different files and different parts of the organization cannot be related to one another, it is virtually impossible for information to be shared or accessed in a timely manner.缺乏数据共享和有效性

在这种混乱的环境里，对数据的存取缺乏控制使得人们很难获取信息。因为不同文件中的信息和组织的不同部分不能联系起来，所以信息无法及时共享或存取。

The Database Environment Database technology can cut through many of the problems created by traditional file organization.A more rigorous definition of a database is collection of data organized to serve many applications efficiently by centralizing the data and minimizing redundant data.数据库环境

数据库技术可以解决很多有传统文件组织方式引发的问题。对数据库更严密的定义是通过集中数据和减少多余的数据，有效地向应用软件提供组织过的数据集合。

Rather than storing data in separate files for each application, data are stored physically to appear to users as being stored in only one location.数据的物理存放要让用户觉着数据被存放在唯一的一个地方，而不是存储到每个应用程序所需的相互独立的文件上。

A single database services multiple applications.For example, instead of a corporation storing employee data in separate information systems and separate files for personnel, payroll, and benefits, the corporation could create a single common human resources database.一个数据库可以为多个应用程序提供服务。例如，将员工数据存储在相互独立的信息系统和相互独立的员工文件、工资文件和保险金文件中的一个替代做法是，公司可以创建一个通用的人力资源数据库。

Database Management Systems

A database management system(DBMS)is simply the software that permits an organization to centralize data, manage them efficiently, and provide access to the stored data by application programs.数据库管理系统

数据库管理系统（DBMS）就是一个简单的软件，它允许一个组织集成数据、有效管理数据并且通过应用程序提供对存储数据的存取。

The DBMS acts as an interface between application programs and the physical data files.When the application program calls for data item such as gross pay, the DBMS finds this item in the database and presents it to the application program.DBMS在应用程序和物理数据文件间扮演接口的角色。当应用程序需要如工资总额的数据项，DBMS在数据库中查找这一数据项并将它提交给应用程序。

Using traditional data files the programmer would have to define the data and then tell the computer where they were.A DBMS eliminates most of the data definition statements found in traditional programs.A database management system has three components: A data definition language A data manipulation language A data dictionary 使用传统的数据文件，程序员不得不定义数据并且告诉计算机它们在那儿。一个DBMS会去除大部分传统程序中的数据定义声明。

一个数据库管理系统包含三个组成部分： 数据定义语言 数据操作语言 数据字典

The data definition language is the formal language used by programmers to specify the content and structure of the database.The data definition language defines each data element as it appears in the database before that data element is translated into the forms required by application programs.数据定义语言是程序员用来详述数据库内容和结构的形式语言。在数据元素被翻译成应用程序所需要的形式之前，数据定义语言定义了数据库中的每一个数据元素。

Most DBMS have a specialized language called a data manipulation language that is used in conjunction with some conventional third-or fourth-generation programming languages to manipulate the data in the database.This language contains commands that permit end users and programming specialists to extract data from the database to satisfy information requests and develop applications.大部分DBMS有一种叫做数据操作语言的专用语言，它和传统的第三代或第四代程序语言结合起来操作数据库中的数据。这种语言包括允许终端用户和程序设计专家从数据库中提取数据来满足信息需求和应用开发的命令。

The most prominent data manipulation language today is Structured Query Language, or SQL.Complex programming tasks cannot be performed efficiently with typical data manipulation languages.However, most mainframe DBMS are compatible with COBOL, FORTRAN, and other third-generation programming languages, permitting greater processing efficiency and flexibility.现今，最杰出的数据操作语言是结构化查询语言，或者叫SQL。使用典型的数据操作语言，复杂的编程任务无法被高效率地执行。然而大部分中央处理机的DBMS与COBOL, FORTRAN及其他第三代编程语言相兼容，这就使得处理更高效和更灵活。

The third element of a DBMS is a data dictionary.This is an automated or manual file that stores definitions of data elements and data characteristics such as usage, physical representation, ownership(who in the organization is responsible for maintaining the data), authorization, and security.Many data dictionaries can produce lists and reports of data utilization, groupings, program locations, and so on.DBMS的第三个元素是数据字典。这是一个自动或手工的文件，存储了对数据元素和数据属性的定义，例如使用、物理表示、所有权（组织中谁负责维护数据）、授权和安全。很多数据字典可以提供数据使用、分组、程序存储位置等内容的列表和报告。

By creating an inventory of data contained in the database, the data dictionary serves as an important data management tool.For instance, business users could consult the dictionary to find out exactly what pieces of data are maintained for the sales or marketing function or even to determine all the information maintained by the entire enterprise.由于建立了一个数据库中数据的清单，数据字典成为一个重要的数据管理工具。例如，商业用户可以翻阅字典来正确地查找出用于销售或市场功能的数据或者甚至支配整个公司的所有信息。

The dictionary could supply business users with the name, format, and specifications required to access data for reports.Technical staff could use the dictionary to determine what data elements and files must be changed if a program is changed.字典可以为商业用户提供名字、格式和说明，以获取报告所需数据。技术员工可以利用字典来决定如果一个程序发生了改动,那么什么样的数据元素和文件也必须被改变。

Most data dictionaries are entirely passive;they simply report.More advanced types are active;changes in the dictionary can be automatically utilized by related programs.For instance, to change ZIP codes from five to nine digits, one could simply enter the change in the dictionary without having to modify and recompile all application programs using ZIP codes.大部分的字典是完全被动式的；它们只不过是报告。更高类型的字典是主动的；相关程序可自动地使用字典中的变化。例如，将邮政编码由五位改为九位，一个人可以简单地在字典中记录这一改变，不必修改和重新编译所有使用邮政编码的程序。

In an ideal database environment, the data in the database are defined only once and used for all applications whose data reside in the database, thereby eliminating data redundancy and inconsistency.Application programs, which are written using a combination of the data manipulation language of the DBMS and a conventional programming language, request data elements from the database.在一个理想的数据库环境里，数据库中的数据只被定义一次就可以被所有的应用软件使用，因此可以消除数据的冗余和不一致性。结合DBMS的数据操作语言和常规程序语言编写的应用程序需要数据库中的数据元素。

Data elements called for by the application programs are found and delivered by the DBMS.The programmer does not have to specify in detail how or where the data are to be found.应用程序需要的数据元素可由DBMS查找和传递。程序员不必详述查找数据的位置和方式。

Use of a DBMS can reduce program-data dependence along with program development and maintenance costs.Access and availability of information can be increased because users and programmers can perform ad hoc queries of data in the database.The DBMS allows the organization to centrally manage data, utilization, and security.使用DBMS除了减少程序的开发和维护费用，还可以减少程序和数据间的依赖。由于用户和程序员可以对数据库中的数据进行随机查询，信息的可获性和可用性得到提高。DBMS允许组织集中管理数据、应用和安全。

New Words(1)New Words(2)New Words(3)New Words(4)New Words(5)New Words(6)Phrases(1)Phrases(2)Abbreviations Questions for Discussion Why do we need file organization? How to access records from computer files? Which problems exist in the traditional file environment? What is DBMS? How does DBMS resolve problems in the traditional file environment? Translation for Reference

第五篇：21世纪大学英语第四册,英语翻译

Unit 1

1.美国人往往以从事的工作对人们进行划分。家庭和教育这些特点被认为是不太重要的。

Americans tend to define people by the jobs they have/do.Such characteristics as their family and educational backgrounds are considered less important.2.他决不妥协的个性是他再也无法容忍他的雇主，并最终递交了辞职书的原因。His uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer put up with his employer and eventually submittedhis resignation.3.如果你真想学好英语，你就必须投入大量的时间和精力，否则你就不会有任何进步。对于其他课程也可以这麽说。

If you really want to learn English well, you must put in a lot of time and energy, or you'll go nowhere.The same can be said of other subjects.4.有些演员的名声靠的是他们天生的美貌，但是达斯汀.霍斯曼（Dustin Hoffman）尽管身材矮小（short stature)，也还是出类拔萃，而使他与众不同的正是他精湛的演技。

Some actorsfame is built on their innate beauty, but despite his short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose above and it is his excellent acting that set him apart.5.他负责管理之后，我们发现它与前任（predecessor)有明显的不同：他有干劲和激情，想出了很多新点子，并把工作中放在如何鼓舞我们的士气上。

After he took charge, we discovered that there were striking differences between him and his predecessor.He had the drive and passion, came up with many new ideas, and focused his work on how to raise our morale.6.当邓小平宣布中国改革开放的时候，他被永远载入了史册。尽管障碍重重它以不懈的努力为我国的现代化作出了永久性的贡献。

Deng Xiaoping made history when he declared China's reform and opening-up policy.Despite tremendous obstacles, he made lasting contributions to our country's modernization with his unrelenting efforts.7.为什么有人拥有天才级智商却被智商平平的但很刻苦的人丢在后面？承认除了智商外，还有很多别的因素与一个人的成就有着很大的关系。

Why could someone with a genius IQ be left behind by a hardworking person with an average IQ? It has to be acknowledged that besides one's IQ, many other factors have much to do with one's achievements.8.这位教师真了不起，她能在教东西之前调动学生的积极性。这并不是因为他有天赋，而是因为他只想着在课堂上吸引他们的注意力。

This teacher is really remarkable in first motivating her students so she can really teach them something.It's not that she is talented, it's that she focuses completely or drawing theirfull attention in class.unit 2

1.他瞪眼看着约翰，对他拒绝合作感到愤怒。

He glared at John and was annoyed by his refusal to cooperate.2.约翰真诚的讲话表达了他对那些在他处于困境时给过他慷慨帮助的人们的感激之情。

John's sincere speech shows his gratitude to the people who rendered him generous help when he was in difficulty.3.他可说是一个集邮家。他曾经积蓄了两年去买一张珍邮这件事便是证明。He is something of a stamp collector.The fact that once he saved up for two years to buy a rare stamp is proof of it.4.这些玫瑰的美丽怎么评价也不过分。他们以各种方式吸引住了所有的游客。The beauty of these roses could not be overstated.They took/caught all the visitorsfancy in one way or another.5.起先，他理所当然的认为该地区应当多造些公路。然而仔细计算其费用后，他在做出最后决定前又不得不重新考虑了。

At first he took it for granted that they should build more highways in this area.Then a careful calculation of the expenditure compelled him to think twice before he made the final decision.6.每次收到我的礼物，不管多少，我的朋友比尔绝不忘记表示感谢。

Each time he receives a gift from me, no matter how small, my friend Bill never fails to acknowledge it.7.那位新闻记者决定找到那对老夫妻信中提到的年轻人。那封信赞颂了年轻人为改善他们的生活条件而付出的努力。

The journalist has decided to trace the young man referred to in the old couple's letter, which is a tribute to the young man's effort at improving their living conditions.8.虽然他厌烦了那些每天上门来吹嘘其产品的推销员，但他克制着没有将他们拒之门外。

Though he was fed up with the salesmen who knocked at his door and boasted about their products every day, he refrained from slamming the door in their face.Unit 3

1.汤姆因一问题而心神不宁但又一筹莫展，直到她学会以不同策略把它解决才不心烦。

Tom was hung up on the problem but could do nothing about it until he learnt to solve it with different tactics.2.横向思维帮助他提出了原来似乎已走进死胡同的新理论。

Lateral thinking has helped him to advance his new theory which had seemed to reach a dead end.3.我们最新的建设计划的框架已获得地方政府的批准。他是否会按时实施对这座沿海城市的发展具有极为重大的意义。

The framework of our latest construction plan has been affirmed by the local government.Whether it will be carried out on time is of the utmost significance to the development of this coastal city.4.在设法寻找一个解决问题的办法的过程中，爱德华在思想上陷入了僵局，但后来他改变了观察角度，以一种完全意想不到的方式解决了问题。

While trying to find a solution to the problem, Edward reached an impasse in his thinking, but later he changed his point of view and solved the problem in an entirely unexpected fashion.5.昨天他的汽车几乎是迎头撞上了一辆卡车。如果他继续这样随便开车，我确信他最后一定

会被送进医院的急诊室。

Yesterday his car crashed into a truck almost head-on.If he does not stop driving socarelessly, I am sure he will wind up in the emergency room of a hospital.6.许多人认为计算机机房将最终取代图书馆，想吸收新知识的学生最终将在计算机机房里学习一切。

Many people believe that computer labs will eventually take over from the libraries and students who want to take in new knowledge will end up learning everything in the computer lab.7.这幅画的结构设计有一个缺点。你为什么不擦掉那几条垂直线，把它简化一点呢？

There is a flaw in the structural design of the painting.Why don't you erase the vertical lines and simplify it a little bit?

8.约翰本该在很久以前就把烟戒掉了。毕竟健康对每个人来说都是最重要的。John should have given up smoking a long time ago.After all, health is of the utmost importance to everybody.unit 4

1.学校应避免仅按学生考试成绩来判别孰优孰劣并以此对待他们。相反，好的教育体制应使每一位学生都能达到良好的水准，成为全面发展的（well-rounded)人。

Schools should avoid deciding who is superior only in terms of students' exam results and treating them accordingly.Instead, a good educational system should enable every student to measure up to good standards as well-rounded people.2.大学生课后有问题时，往往在办公时间之外不容易找到老师。这是由于教师繁忙的学术研

究，而不是他们对学生漠不关心。

As often as not, when college students have questions after class, their teachers are not readily available except during office hours.This is due to teachers' busy academic research, rather than their indifference to the students.3.这个班级由40名学生组成，他们中大部分按英语水平过去常被归在中等之列。但由于这位老师从不在言辞中表露出不耐烦，学生们对他的教学方法产生了积极的反应，从而没有辜负他的期望。

This class consists of forty students, most of whom used to be labeled average in terms of English level.But as this teacher has never shown any verbal impatience, the students have reacted positively to his teaching methods and lived up to his expectations.4.在美国，教书变得越来越难了，部分原因是学生越来越多样的种族背景以及需要另外培训才能掌握得更为复杂的教学技术。

Teaching is becoming increasingly demanding in the United States, due in part tothe persity of students' racial background and the complexity of educational technologies that require additional training.5.英国人经常被归类为保守型，显然这一归类带有成见。实际上，英国在民族特性方面与其他欧洲国家相比并没有太大的差异性。英国人有礼貌，爱整洁，讲秩序，充满自信。

The English are, as often as not, labeled conservative.Obviously this label is

prejudiced.In reality, Britain is not very different from other European countries in terms of national characteristics.The British are polite, neat, orderly and confident.6.你的朋友对你非常真诚，你也应该同样以诚相待，绝不应该欺骗他，或者带着讽刺的口吻谈论他的挫折。

Your friend treats you sincerely, so you should respond accordingly and mustn抰 deceive him or talk about his setbacks with irony(ironically).7.有些年轻人在成长过程中有着要求独立的强烈愿望。他们宁可通过自己的努力来度过生活中的困难，也不愿意带着负罪感求助于他们的父母。

Some young people grow up with a strong desire for independence.They would rather try hard to go through life on their own than turn to their parents for help with asense of guilt.8.邻居们恼火的原因是他们发出的噪音，但是由于他们一再保证夜间停工，从而得以完成这套公寓的装潢。

The neighbors' irritation/annoyance was due to the noise they made.However, because of reassurances that they would stop working at night, they went through with the decoration of this apartment.Unit5

1.正如你可以想象到的，阅读为我打开了一个新的天地并永远改变了我的人生道路。

As you can imagine, reading has opened a new world to me and changed forever the course of my life.2.他从童年起就对书籍表现出一种非常强烈的兴趣。他对书籍如此迷恋，一直从不让一天过去而不进行一些阅读。

He had demonstrated an unusually intense interest in books since childhood.He was so fascinated with booksthat he never let a day pass without doing some reading.3.他每次从地铁上下班身边都有一本想读的书。他就这样在过去三年中读了近一百本书。

Every time he takes the subway to and from work, he has with him a book that he wants to read.That is the way he has read nearly a hundred books in the past three years.4.他读中学时常在自己的房间内读书至深夜。每次听到母亲走近的脚步声，他便关掉灯假装睡着。而母亲一走过，他便打开灯，重又读起来。

When he was in high school, he used to read deep/far into the night in his own room.Each time he heard the approaching footsteps of his mother, he would turn off the light and feigned sleep.But as soon as his mother passed, he would turn on the light and begin reading again.5.几乎没有什么关于中国的东西是他不感到好奇的。为了满足自己的好奇心他已决定亲自到那去尽量多看一些。

There is hardly anything about China he’s not curious about.And to satisfy his curiosity he had decided to go there in person.6.我不知道是什么使得你儿子羡慕那位流行歌手并试图事事模仿他的。你还是问问他本人好了。

I don’t know / I have little / no idea what made your son feel envy of that pop

singer and try to emulate him in everything.You might as well ask him in person.7.他从图书馆借到那本书就在走廊的灯光下飞快的把它翻了一遍。

As soon as he checked out the book from the library, he thumbed through its pages by the corridor light.8.我认为没有哪的人在农村学到的比我更多。实际上，农村的三年使我比进某个大学学习得更深入细致。

I don’t think anybody ever learned more in the countryside than I did.In fact, the three years in the countryside enabled me to study far intensively than I would have if had attended some college.Unit 6

1.他生来就有残疾，但他从不沮丧，也从未屈服于任何困难。

He was disabled form birth, but he never felt frustrated, nor did he give in to any difficulty.2.汤姆一直坚决要求提升。当机会出现时，他立即抓住了。

Tom had been holding out for the promotion.When such an opportunity showed up, he grabbed it at once.3.他对所有的标准化考试都不信任并认为应该有某种更好的东西来取代他们。He distrusts all standardized tests and believes that there should be something better to substitute for them.4.我的论点是，我们应当马上对这些有争议的问题逐个进行调查。

My thesis is that we should carry out a survey of these controversial issues one by one right now.5.贝蒂勤劳而又可靠。她从不在困难面前退缩。总之，她是我们都为之感到骄傲的那种学生。

Betty is diligent and dependable.She never shies away from any difficulties.In short, she is the kind of student that we are all proud of.6.把汽油箱放在你的房间里是不明智的，因为它极易燃烧，并可能在几分钟之内就将你辛辛苦苦挣来的财富付之一炬。

It is ill-advised to keep the gas tank in your home for it ignites easily and may burn up your hard-earned fortune in a few minutes.7.史密斯博士的讲座等于是说，很早就显示出高情商的孩子无论面对什么困难都会最终取得成功。

Doctor Smith’s lecture accounts to saying that a child who displays high EQ early on in life will succeed eventually in the face of all kinds of difficulties.8.由于在美国许多婚姻都以离婚告终，心理学家们建议所有家庭中的夫妇都应更经常的相互沟通，不要等到为时太晚时才来解决他们的问题。

Since many marriages end in porce in the United States, psychologists have suggested that couples in all families communicate with each other more often and solve their problems before it becomes too late.Unit7

1.随着长大，我渐渐接受了这一事实：我永远不会实现成为一名作家的梦想。

As I grew up, I made my peace with the fact that I would never fulfill my dream of becoming a writer.2.迈克尔想了两天还没填出字谜游戏里那个至关重要的词，最后只好失望的放弃。

Michael had got stuck trying to figure out the word essential to the word puzzle for two days before he threw up his hands in frustration.3.当这位歌手发现市面上有自己作品的盗版时，他十分震惊，发誓绝不放过那个盗贼。

The singer was taken aback by the pirate editions of his songs in the market, and he vowed not to let the pirates off.4.感谢您购买我们的锅炉。作为回报，我将免费为您处理旧锅炉。

Thank you for purchasing our furnace.In return we will get rid of your old one for free.5.我和苏珊互诉了别后发生的事情，从中我得知她已经出版了好几本儿童读物。Susan and I filled each other in on what had happened after we parted, from which I learned that she had had several children’s books in print.6.当连锁大书店的竞争逼得她的小书店歇业后，已届中年的莉莲不知道自己还能做些什么。

Her bookstore having been frozen out by giant chain bookstores, the middle-aged Lillian was at a loss what else she could do.7.你需要有人在旁不断督促才会完成这一任务。

You need somebody to urge you constantly to see the task through to completion.8.因为害怕新建购物中心会破坏社区的宁静，许多居民反对这一计划。

For fear that a new shopping center would ruin the peace of the community, many residents opposed the construction plan.In recent years, it is a not-uncommon social phenomenon.It has been a hot topic for a long time.Concerning this phenomemon, it has aroused hot discussion and opinions vary from person to person.Some people are of the opinion that to some extent, it is good for the society.It has a significant impact to the society.On the contrary, other people take the opposing view that it is also likely to bring about some undesirable consequences.As far as I am concernd, every coin has two sides.It is never an exception.From my point of view, it would be a wonderful way, if we do it reasonably.It a word, we should inspire its advantages and abandon its disadvantages.