第一篇：机械专业术语英文翻译

陶瓷 ceramics 合成纤维 synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis 悬架 suspension 转向器 redirector 变速器 speed changer 板料冲压 sheet metal parts 孔加工 spot facing machining 车间 workshop 工程技术人员 engineer 气动夹紧 pneuma lock 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking

技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 运动简图 kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear 虚约束 passive constraint 曲柄 crank 摇杆 racker 凸轮 cams

共轭曲线 conjugate curve 范成法 generation method 定义域 definitional domain 值域 range 导数微分 differential coefficient 求导 derivation 定积分 definite integral 不定积分 indefinite integral 曲率 curvature 偏微分 partial differential 毛坯 rough 游标卡尺 slide caliper 千分尺 micrometer calipers 攻丝 tap 二阶行列式 second order determinant 逆矩阵 inverse matrix 线性方程组 linear equations 概率 probability 随机变量 random variable 排列组合 permutation and combination 气体状态方程 equation of state of gas 动能 kinetic energy

势能 potential energy 机械能守恒 conservation of mechanical energy

动量 momentum 桁架 truss 轴线 axes 余子式 cofactor 逻辑电路 logic circuit 触发器 flip-flop 脉冲波形 pulse shape 数模 digital analogy 液压传动机构 fluid drive mechanism 机械零件 mechanical parts 淬火冷却 quench 淬火 hardening 回火 tempering 调质 hardening and tempering 磨粒 abrasive grain 结合剂 bonding agent 砂轮 grinding wheel 后角 clearance angle 龙门刨削 planing

主轴 spindle 主轴箱 headstock 卡盘 chuck 加工中心 machining center 车刀 lathe tool 车床 lathe 钻削 镗削 bore 车削 turning 磨床 grinder 基准 benchmark 钳工 locksmith 锻 forge 压模 stamping 焊 weld 拉床 broaching machine 拉孔 broaching 装配 assembling 铸造 found 流体动力学 fluid dynamics 流体力学 fluid mechanics 加工 machining 液压 hydraulic pressure

切线 tangent 机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure 稳定性 stability 介质 medium 液压驱动泵 fluid clutch 液压泵 hydraulic pump 阀门 valve 失效 invalidation 强度 intensity 载荷 load 应力 stress 安全系数 safty factor 可靠性 reliability 螺纹 thread 螺旋 helix 键 spline 销 pin 滚动轴承 rolling bearing 滑动轴承 sliding bearing 弹簧 spring

制动器 arrester brake 十字结联轴节 crosshead 联轴器 coupling 链 chain 皮带 strap 精加工 finish machining 粗加工 rough machining 变速箱体 gearbox casing 腐蚀 rust 氧化 oxidation 磨损 wear 耐用度 durability 随机信号 random signal 离散信号 discrete signal 超声传感器 ultrasonic sensor 集成电路 integrate circuit 挡板 orifice plate 残余应力 residual stress 套筒 sleeve 扭力 torsion 冷加工 cold machining 电动机 electromotor

汽缸 cylinder 过盈配合 interference fit 热加工 hotwork 摄像头 CCD camera 倒角 rounding chamfer 优化设计 optimal design 工业造型设计 industrial moulding design 有限元 finite element 滚齿 hobbing 插齿 gear shaping 伺服电机 actuating motor 铣床 milling machine 钻床 drill machine 镗床 boring machine 步进电机 stepper motor 丝杠 screw rod 导轨 lead rail 组件 subassembly 可编程序逻辑控制器 Programmable Logic Controller PLC 电火花加工 electric spark machining 电火花线切割加工 electrical discharge wire-cutting 相图 phase diagram

热处理 heat treatment 固态相变 solid state phase changes 有色金属 nonferrous metal 陶瓷 ceramics 合成纤维 synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis 悬架 suspension 转向器 redirector 变速器 speed changer 板料冲压 sheet metal parts 孔加工 spot facing machining 车间 workshop 工程技术人员 engineer 气动夹紧 pneuma lock 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component

零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking 技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 运动简图 kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear 虚约束 passive constraint

曲柄 crank 摇杆 racker 凸轮 cams 共轭曲线 conjugate curve 范成法 generation method 定义域 definitional domain 值域 range 导数微分 differential coefficient 求导 derivation 定积分 definite integral 不定积分 indefinite integral 曲率 curvature 偏微分 partial differential 毛坯 rough 游标卡尺 slide caliper 千分尺 micrometer calipers 攻丝 tap 二阶行列式 second order determinant 逆矩阵 inverse matrix 线性方程组 linear equations 概率 probability 随机变量 random variable

排列组合 permutation and combination 气体状态方程 equation of state of gas 动能 kinetic energy 势能 potential energy 机械能守恒 conservation of mechanical energy 动量 momentum

桁架 truss

轴线 axes

余子式 cofactor

逻辑电路 logic circuit

触发器 flip-flop

脉冲波形 pulse shape

数模 digital analogy

液压传动机构 fluid drive mechanism

机械零件 mechanical parts

淬火冷却 quench

淬火 hardening

回火 tempering

调质 hardening and tempering

磨粒 abrasive grain

结合剂 bonding agent

砂轮 grinding wheel

Assembly line 组装线 Layout 布置图 Conveyer 流水线物料板 Rivet table 拉钉机 Rivet gun 拉钉枪 Screw driver 起子

Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子 worktable 工作桌 OOBA 开箱检查

fit together 组装在一起 fasten 锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet 栈板 barcode 条码

barcode scanner 条码扫描器 fuse together 熔合 fuse machine热熔机 repair修理 operator作业员 QC品管

supervisor 课长 ME 制造工程师

MT 制造生技

cosmetic inspect 外观检查 inner parts inspect 内部检查 thumb screw 大头螺丝 lbs.inch 镑、英寸 EMI gasket 导电条 front plate 前板 rear plate 后板 chassis 基座 bezel panel 面板 power button 电源按键 reset button 重置键

Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试 Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键 sheet metal parts 冲件 plastic parts 塑胶件 SOP 制造作业程序

material check list 物料检查表 work cell 工作间 trolley 台车 carton 纸箱 sub-line 支线

left fork 叉车

personnel resource department 人力资源部 production department生产部门 planning department企划部 QC Section品管科 stamping factory冲压厂 painting factory烤漆厂 molding factory成型厂 common equipment常用设备 uncoiler and straightener整平机 punching machine 冲床 robot机械手

hydraulic machine油压机 lathe车床

planer |plein|刨床 miller铣床 grinder磨床

linear cutting线切割 electrical sparkle电火花 welder电焊机

staker=reviting machine铆合机 position职务

president董事长 general manager总经理 special assistant manager特助 factory director厂长 department director部长

deputy manager | =vice manager副理 section supervisor课长

deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长 group leader/supervisor组长 line supervisor线长 assistant manager助理

to move, to carry, to handle搬运 be put in storage入库 pack packing包装 to apply oil擦油 to file burr 锉毛刺 final inspection终检 to connect material接料 to reverse material 翻料 wet station沾湿台 Tiana天那水 cleaning cloth抹布

to load material上料 to unload material卸料

to return material/stock to退料 scraped |'skr?pid|报废 scrape..v.刮;削

deficient purchase来料不良 manufacture procedure制程

deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良 oxidation |' ksi'dei?n|氧化 scratch刮伤 dents压痕

defective upsiding down抽芽不良 defective to staking铆合不良 embedded lump镶块

feeding is not in place送料不到位 stamping-missing漏冲 production capacity生产力 education and training教育与训练 proposal improvement提案改善 spare parts=buffer备件 forklift叉车

trailer=long vehicle拖板车

compound die合模 die locker锁模器

pressure plate=plate pinch压板 bolt螺栓

administration/general affairs dept总务部 automatic screwdriver电动启子 thickness gauge厚薄规 gauge(or jig)治具 power wire电源线 buzzle蜂鸣器

defective product label不良标签 identifying sheet list标示单 location地点

present members出席人员 subject主题 conclusion结论 decision items决议事项 responsible department负责单位 pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日

approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办 PCE assembly production schedule sheet PCE组装厂生产排配表 model机锺

work order工令 revision版次 remark备注

production control confirmation生产确认 checked by初审 approved by核准 department部门

stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表 on-hand inventory现有库存 available material良品可使用 obsolete material良品已呆滞

to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工 total合计

cause description原因说明 part number/ P/N 料号 type形态

item/group/class类别 quality品质

prepared by制表 notes说明

year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表

physical inventory盘点数量

physical count quantity帐面数量 difference quantity差异量 cause analysis原因分析 raw materials原料 materials物料 finished product成品 semi-finished product半成品 packing materials包材

good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品 defective product/non-good parts不良品 disposed goods处理品 warehouse/hub仓库 on way location在途仓 oversea location海外仓

spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单 spare molds location模具备品仓 skid/pallet栈板 tox machine自铆机 wire EDM线割 EDM放电机 coil stock卷料 sheet stock片料

tolerance工差 score=groove压线 cam block滑块 pilot导正筒 trim剪外边 pierce剪内边 drag form压锻差

pocket for the punch head挂钩槽 slug hole废料孔 feature die公母模 expansion dwg展开图 radius半径 shim(wedge)楔子

torch-flame cut火焰切割 set screw止付螺丝 form block折刀 stop pin定位销

round pierce punch=die button圆冲子 shape punch=die insert异形子 stock locater block定位块 under cut=scrap chopper清角 active plate活动板

baffle plate挡块 cover plate盖板 male die公模 female die母模 groove punch压线冲子

air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆 spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板 bushing block衬套 insert 入块 club car高尔夫球车 capability能力 parameter参数 factor系数 phosphate皮膜化成 viscosity涂料粘度 alkalidipping脱脂 main manifold主集流脉 bezel斜视规 blanking穿落模 dejecting顶固模

demagnetization去磁;消磁 high-speed transmission高速传递

heat dissipation热传 rack上料 degrease脱脂 rinse水洗 alkaline etch龄咬 desmut剥黑膜 D.I.rinse纯水次 Chromate铬酸处理 Anodize阳性处理 seal封孔 revision版次 part number/P/N料号 good products良品 scraped products报放心品 defective products不良品 finished products成品 disposed products处理品 barcode条码 flow chart流程表单 assembly组装 stamping冲压 molding成型

spare parts=buffer备品

coordinate座标 dismantle the die折模 auxiliary fuction辅助功能 poly-line多义线 heater band 加热片 thermocouple热电偶 sand blasting喷沙 grit 砂砾

derusting machine除锈机 degate打浇口 dryer烘干机 induction感应 induction light感应光

response=reaction=interaction感应 ram连杆

edge finder巡边器 concave凸 convex凹 short射料不足 nick缺口 speck瑕疵 shine亮班

splay 银纹 gas mark焦痕 delamination起鳞 cold slug冷块 blush 导色 gouge沟槽;凿槽 satin texture段面咬花 witness line证示线 patent专利 grit沙砾

granule=peuet=grain细粒 grit maker抽粒机 cushion缓冲 magnalium镁铝合金 magnesium镁金 metal plate钣金 lathe车 mill锉 plane刨 grind磨 drill铝 boring镗 blinster气泡

fillet镶;嵌边

through-hole form通孔形式 voller pin formality滚针形式 cam driver铡楔 shank摸柄 crank shaft曲柄轴 augular offset角度偏差 velocity速度

production tempo生产进度现状 torque扭矩

spline=the multiple keys花键 quenching淬火 tempering回火 annealing退火 carbonization碳化

tungsten high speed steel钨高速的 moly high speed steel钼高速的 organic solvent有机溶剂 bracket小磁导 liaison联络单 volatile挥发性 resistance电阻

ion离子 titrator滴定仪 beacon警示灯 coolant冷却液 crusher破碎机

阿基米德蜗杆 Archimedes worm 安全系数 safety factor;factor of safety 安全载荷 safe load 凹面、凹度 concavity 扳手 wrench 板簧 flat leaf spring 半圆键 woodruff key 变形 deformation 摆杆 oscillating bar 摆动从动件 oscillating follower 摆动从动件凸轮机构 cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构 oscillating guide-bar mechanism 摆线齿轮 cycloidal gear 摆线齿形 cycloidal tooth profile 摆线运动规律 cycloidal motion 摆线针轮 cycloidal-pin wheel 包角 angle of contact

保持架 cage 背对背安装 back-to-back arrangement 背锥 back cone ； normal cone 背锥角 back angle 背锥距 back cone distance 比例尺 scale 比热容 specific heat capacity 闭式链 closed kinematic chain 闭链机构 closed chain mechanism 臂部 arm 变频器 frequency converters 变频调速 frequency control of motor speed 变速 speed change 变速齿轮 change gear change wheel 变位齿轮 modified gear 变位系数 modification coefficient 标准齿轮 standard gear 标准直齿轮 standard spur gear 表面质量系数 superficial mass factor 表面传热系数 surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度 surface roughness 并联式组合 combination in parallel

并联机构 parallel mechanism 并联组合机构 parallel combined mechanism 并行工程 concurrent engineering 并行设计 concurred design, CD 不平衡相位 phase angle of unbalance 不平衡 imbalance(or unbalance)不平衡量 amount of unbalance 不完全齿轮机构 intermittent gearing 波发生器 wave generator 波数 number of waves 补偿 compensation 参数化设计 parameterization design, PD 残余应力 residual stress 操纵及控制装置 operation control device 槽轮 Geneva wheel 槽轮机构 Geneva mechanism ； Maltese cross 槽数 Geneva numerate 槽凸轮 groove cam 侧隙 backlash 差动轮系 differential gear train 差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism 差速器 differential

常用机构 conventional mechanism;mechanism in common use 车床 lathe 承载量系数 bearing capacity factor 承载能力 bearing capacity 成对安装 paired mounting 尺寸系列 dimension series 齿槽 tooth space 齿槽宽 spacewidth 齿侧间隙 backlash 齿顶高 addendum 齿顶圆 addendum circle 齿根高 dedendum 齿根圆 dedendum circle 齿厚 tooth thickness 齿距 circular pitch 齿宽 face width 齿廓 tooth profile 齿廓曲线 tooth curve 齿轮 gear 齿轮变速箱 speed-changing gear boxes 齿轮齿条机构 pinion and rack 齿轮插刀 pinion cutter;pinion-shaped shaper cutter

齿轮滚刀 hob ,hobbing cutter 齿轮机构 gear 齿轮轮坯 blank 齿轮传动系 pinion unit 齿轮联轴器 gear coupling 齿条传动 rack gear 齿数 tooth number 齿数比 gear ratio 齿条 rack 齿条插刀 rack cutter;rack-shaped shaper cutter 齿形链、无声链 silent chain 齿形系数 form factor 齿式棘轮机构 tooth ratchet mechanism 插齿机 gear shaper 重合点 coincident points 重合度 contact ratio 冲床 punch 传动比 transmission ratio, speed ratio 传动装置 gearing;transmission gear 传动系统 driven system 传动角 transmission angle 传动轴 transmission shaft

串联式组合 combination in series 串联式组合机构 series combined mechanism 串级调速 cascade speed control 创新 innovation creation 创新设计 creation design 垂直载荷、法向载荷 normal load 唇形橡胶密封 lip rubber seal 磁流体轴承 magnetic fluid bearing 从动带轮 driven pulley 从动件 driven link, follower 从动件平底宽度 width of flat-face 从动件停歇 follower dwell 从动件运动规律 follower motion 从动轮 driven gear 粗线 bold line 粗牙螺纹 coarse thread 大齿轮 gear wheel 打包机 packer 打滑 slipping 带传动 belt driving 带轮 belt pulley 带式制动器 band brake

单列轴承 single row bearing 单向推力轴承 single-direction thrust bearing 单万向联轴节 single universal joint 单位矢量 unit vector 当量齿轮 equivalent spur gear;virtual gear 当量齿数 equivalent teeth number;virtual number of teeth 当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction 当量载荷 equivalent load 刀具 cutter 导数 derivative 倒角 chamfer 导热性 conduction of heat 导程 lead 导程角 lead angle 等加等减速运动规律 parabolic motion;constant acceleration and deceleration motion 等速运动规律 uniform motion;constant velocity motion 等径凸轮 conjugate yoke radial cam 等宽凸轮 constant-breadth cam 等效构件 equivalent link 等效力 equivalent force 等效力矩 equivalent moment of force

等效量 equivalent 等效质量 equivalent mass 等效转动惯量 equivalent moment of inertia 等效动力学模型 dynamically equivalent model 底座 chassis 低副 lower pair 点划线 chain dotted line（疲劳）点蚀 pitting 垫圈 gasket 垫片密封 gasket seal 碟形弹簧 belleville spring 顶隙 bottom clearance 定轴轮系 ordinary gear train;gear train with fixed axes 动力学 dynamics 动密封 kinematical seal 动能 dynamic energy 动力粘度 dynamic viscosity 动力润滑 dynamic lubrication 动平衡 dynamic balance 动平衡机 dynamic balancing machine 动态特性 dynamic characteristics 动态分析设计 dynamic analysis design

动压力 dynamic reaction 动载荷 dynamic load 端面 transverse plane 端面参数 transverse parameters 端面齿距 transverse circular pitch 端面齿廓 transverse tooth profile 端面重合度 transverse contact ratio 端面模数 transverse module 端面压力角 transverse pressure angle 锻造 forge 对称循环应力 symmetry circulating stress 对心滚子从动件 radial(or in-line)roller follower 对心直动从动件 radial(or in-line)translating follower 对心移动从动件 radial reciprocating follower 对心曲柄滑块机构 in-line slider-crank(or crank-slider)mechanism 多列轴承 multi-row bearing 多楔带 poly V-belt 多项式运动规律 polynomial motion 多质量转子 rotor with several masses 惰轮 idle gear 额定寿命 rating life

额定载荷 load rating II 级杆组 dyad 发生线 generating line 发生面 generating plane 法面 normal plane 法面参数 normal parameters 法面齿距 normal circular pitch 法面模数 normal module 法面压力角 normal pressure angle 法向齿距 normal pitch 法向齿廓 normal tooth profile 法向直廓蜗杆 straight sided normal worm 法向力 normal force 反馈式组合 feedback combining 反向运动学 inverse(or backward)kinematics 反转法 kinematic inversion 反正切 Arctan 范成法 generating cutting 仿形法 form cutting 方案设计、概念设计 concept design, CD 防振装置 shockproof device 飞轮 flywheel

飞轮矩 moment of flywheel 非标准齿轮 nonstandard gear 非接触式密封 non-contact seal 非周期性速度波动 aperiodic speed fluctuation 非圆齿轮 non-circular gear 粉末合金 powder metallurgy 分度线 reference line;standard pitch line 分度圆 reference circle;standard(cutting)pitch circle 分度圆柱导程角 lead angle at reference cylinder 分度圆柱螺旋角 helix angle at reference cylinder 分母 denominator 分子 numerator 分度圆锥 reference cone;standard pitch cone 分析法 analytical method 封闭差动轮系 planetary differential 复合铰链 compound hinge 复合式组合 compound combining 复合轮系 compound(or combined)gear train 复合平带 compound flat belt 复合应力 combined stress 复式螺旋机构 Compound screw mechanism 复杂机构 complex mechanism

杆组 Assur group 干涉 interference 刚度系数 stiffness coefficient 刚轮 rigid circular spline 钢丝软轴 wire soft shaft 刚体导引机构 body guidance mechanism 刚性冲击 rigid impulse(shock)刚性转子 rigid rotor 刚性轴承 rigid bearing 刚性联轴器 rigid coupling 高度系列 height series 高速带 high speed belt 高副 higher pair 格拉晓夫定理 Grashoff`s law 根切 undercutting 公称直径 nominal diameter 高度系列 height series 功 work 工况系数 application factor 工艺设计 technological design 工作循环图 working cycle diagram 工作机构 operation mechanism

工作载荷 external loads 工作空间 working space 工作应力 working stress 工作阻力 effective resistance 工作阻力矩 effective resistance moment 公法线 common normal line 公共约束 general constraint 公制齿轮 metric gears 功率 power 功能分析设计 function analyses design 共轭齿廓 conjugate profiles 共轭凸轮 conjugate cam 构件 link 鼓风机 blower 固定构件 fixed link;frame 固体润滑剂 solid lubricant 关节型操作器 jointed manipulator 惯性力 inertia force 惯性力矩 moment of inertia ,shaking moment 惯性力平衡 balance of shaking force 惯性力完全平衡 full balance of shaking force 惯性力部分平衡 partial balance of shaking force

惯性主矩 resultant moment of inertia 惯性主失 resultant vector of inertia 冠轮 crown gear 广义机构 generation mechanism 广义坐标 generalized coordinate 轨迹生成 path generation 轨迹发生器 path generator 滚刀 hob 滚道 raceway 滚动体 rolling element 滚动轴承 rolling bearing 滚动轴承代号 rolling bearing identification code 滚针 needle roller 滚针轴承 needle roller bearing 滚子 roller 滚子轴承 roller bearing 滚子半径 radius of roller 滚子从动件 roller follower 滚子链 roller chain 滚子链联轴器 double roller chain coupling 滚珠丝杆 ball screw 滚柱式单向超越离合器 roller clutch

过度切割 undercutting 函数发生器 function generator 函数生成 function generation 含油轴承 oil bearing 耗油量 oil consumption 耗油量系数 oil consumption factor 赫兹公式 H.Hertz equation 合成弯矩 resultant bending moment 合力 resultant force 合力矩 resultant moment of force 黑箱 black box 横坐标 abscissa 互换性齿轮 interchangeable gears 花键 spline 滑键、导键 feather key 滑动轴承 sliding bearing 滑动率 sliding ratio 滑块 slider 环面蜗杆 toroid helicoids worm 环形弹簧 annular spring 缓冲装置 shocks;shock-absorber 灰铸铁 grey cast iron

回程 return 回转体平衡 balance of rotors 混合轮系 compound gear train 积分 integrate 机电一体化系统设计 mechanical-electrical integration system design 机构 mechanism 机构分析 analysis of mechanism 机构平衡 balance of mechanism 机构学 mechanism 机构运动设计 kinematic design of mechanism 机构运动简图 kinematic sketch of mechanism 机构综合 synthesis of mechanism 机构组成 constitution of mechanism 机架 frame, fixed link 机架变换 kinematic inversion 机器 machine 机器人 robot 机器人操作器 manipulator 机器人学 robotics 技术过程 technique process 技术经济评价 technical and economic evaluation

技术系统 technique system 机械 machinery 机械创新设计 mechanical creation design, MCD 机械系统设计 mechanical system design, MSD 机械动力分析 dynamic analysis of machinery 机械动力设计 dynamic design of machinery 机械动力学 dynamics of machinery 机械的现代设计 modern machine design 机械系统 mechanical system 机械利益 mechanical advantage 机械平衡 balance of machinery 机械手 manipulator 机械设计 machine design;mechanical design 机械特性 mechanical behavior 机械调速 mechanical speed governors 机械效率 mechanical efficiency 机械原理 theory of machines and mechanisms 机械运转不均匀系数 coefficient of speed fluctuation 机械无级变速 mechanical stepless speed changes 基础机构 fundamental mechanism 基本额定寿命 basic rating life 基于实例设计 case-based design,CBD

基圆 base circle 基圆半径 radius of base circle 基圆齿距 base pitch 基圆压力角 pressure angle of base circle 基圆柱 base cylinder 基圆锥 base cone 急回机构 quick-return mechanism 急回特性 quick-return characteristics 急回系数 advance-to return-time ratio 急回运动 quick-return motion 棘轮 ratchet 棘轮机构 ratchet mechanism 棘爪 pawl 极限位置 extreme(or limiting)position 极位夹角 crank angle between extreme(or limiting)positions 计算机辅助设计 computer aided design, CAD 计算机辅助制造 computer aided manufacturing, CAM 计算机集成制造系统 computer integrated manufacturing system, CIMS 计算力矩 factored moment;calculation moment 计算弯矩 calculated bending moment 加权系数 weighting efficient

加速度 acceleration 加速度分析 acceleration analysis 加速度曲线 acceleration diagram 尖点 pointing;cusp 尖底从动件 knife-edge follower 间隙 backlash 间歇运动机构 intermittent motion mechanism 减速比 reduction ratio 减速齿轮、减速装置 reduction gear 减速器 speed reducer 减摩性 anti-friction quality 渐开螺旋面 involute helicoid 渐开线 involute 渐开线齿廓 involute profile 渐开线齿轮 involute gear 渐开线发生线 generating line of involute 渐开线方程 involute equation 渐开线函数 involute function 渐开线蜗杆 involute worm 渐开线压力角 pressure angle of involute 渐开线花键 involute spline 简谐运动 simple harmonic motion

键 key 键槽 keyway 交变应力 repeated stress 交变载荷 repeated fluctuating load 交叉带传动 cross-belt drive 交错轴斜齿轮 crossed helical gears 胶合 scoring 角加速度 angular acceleration 角速度 angular velocity 角速比 angular velocity ratio 角接触球轴承 angular contact ball bearing 角接触推力轴承 angular contact thrust bearing 角接触向心轴承 angular contact radial bearing 角接触轴承 angular contact bearing 铰链、枢纽 hinge 校正平面 correcting plane 接触应力 contact stress 接触式密封 contact seal 阶梯轴 multi-diameter shaft 结构 structure 结构设计 structural design 截面 section

节点 pitch point 节距 circular pitch;pitch of teeth 节线 pitch line 节圆 pitch circle 节圆齿厚 thickness on pitch circle 节圆直径 pitch diameter 节圆锥 pitch cone 节圆锥角 pitch cone angle 解析设计 analytical design 紧边 tight-side 紧固件 fastener 径节 diametral pitch 径向 radial direction 径向当量动载荷 dynamic equivalent radial load 径向当量静载荷 static equivalent radial load 径向基本额定动载荷 basic dynamic radial load rating 径向基本额定静载荷 basic static radial load tating 径向接触轴承 radial contact bearing 径向平面 radial plane 径向游隙 radial internal clearance 径向载荷 radial load 径向载荷系数 radial load factor

径向间隙 clearance 静力 static force 静平衡 static balance 静载荷 static load 静密封 static seal 局部自由度 passive degree of freedom 矩阵 matrix 矩形螺纹 square threaded form 锯齿形螺纹 buttress thread form 矩形牙嵌式离合器 square-jaw positive-contact clutch 绝对尺寸系数 absolute dimensional factor 绝对运动 absolute motion 绝对速度 absolute velocity 均衡装置 load balancing mechanism 抗压强度 compression strength 开口传动 open-belt drive 开式链 open kinematic chain 开链机构 open chain mechanism 可靠度 degree of reliability 可靠性 reliability 可靠性设计 reliability design, RD 空气弹簧 air spring

空间机构 spatial mechanism 空间连杆机构 spatial linkage 空间凸轮机构 spatial cam 空间运动副 spatial kinematic pair 空间运动链 spatial kinematic chain 空转 idle 宽度系列 width series 框图 block diagram 雷诺方程 Reynolds‘s equation 离心力 centrifugal force 离心应力 centrifugal stress 离合器 clutch 离心密封 centrifugal seal 理论廓线 pitch curve 理论啮合线 theoretical line of action 隶属度 membership 力 force 力多边形 force polygon 力封闭型凸轮机构 force-drive(or force-closed)cam mechanism 力矩 moment 力平衡 equilibrium 力偶 couple

力偶矩 moment of couple 连杆 connecting rod, coupler 连杆机构 linkage 连杆曲线 coupler-curve 连心线 line of centers 链 chain 链传动装置 chain gearing 链轮 sprocket sprocket-wheel sprocket gear chain wheel 联组 V 带 tight-up V belt 联轴器 coupling shaft coupling 两维凸轮 two-dimensional cam 临界转速 critical speed 六杆机构 six-bar linkage 龙门刨床 double Haas planer 轮坯 blank 轮系 gear train 螺杆 screw 螺距 thread pitch 螺母 screw nut 螺旋锥齿轮 helical bevel gear 螺钉 screws 螺栓 bolts

第二篇：机械英文翻译

Cutting tool design Physics of metal-cutting provide the theoretical framework by which we must examine all other elements of cutting tool design.We have workpiece materials from a very soft, buttery consistency to very hard and shear resistant.Each of the workpiece materials must be handled by itself;the amount of broad information that is applicable to each workpiece material is reduced as the distinctions between workpiece characteristics increase.Not only is there a vast persity of workpiece materials, but there is also a variety of shapes of tools and tool compositions.The tool designer must match the many variables to provide the best possible cutting geometry.There was a day when trial and error was normal for this decision, but today, with the ever-increasing variety of tools, trial and error is far too expensive.The designer must develop expertise in applying date and making comparisons on the basis of the experience of others.For example: tool manufactures and material salesmen will have figures their companies have developed.The figures are meant to be guidelines;however, a careful examination of the literature available will provide an excellent place from which to start, and be must cheaper than trial and error.Material removal by machining involves interaction of five elements: the cutting tool, the toolholding and guiding device, the workholder, the workpiece, and the machine.The cutting tool may have a single cutting edge or may have many cutting edges.It may be designed for linear or rotary motion.The geometry of the cutting tool depends upon its intended function.The toolholding device may or may not be used for guiding or locating.Toolholder selection is governed by tool design and intended function.The physical composition of the workpiece greatly influences the selection of the machining method, the tool composition and geometry, the rate of material removal.The intended shape of the workpiece influences the selection of the machining method and the choice of linear or rotary tool travel.The composition and geometry of the workpiece to a great extent determines the workholder requirements.Workholder selection also depends upon forces produced by the tool on the workpiece.Tool guidance may be incorporated into the workholding function.Successful design of tools for the material removal processes requires, above all, a complete understanding of cutting tool function and geometry.This knowledge will enable the designer to specify the correct tool for a given task.The tool, in turn, will govern the selection of toolholding and guidance methods.Tool forces govern selection of the workholding device.Although the process involves interaction of the five elements, everything begins with and is based on what happens at the point of contact between the workpiece and cutting tool.The primary method of imparting form and dimension to a workpiece is the removal of material by the use of edged cutting tools.An oversize mass is literally carved to its intended shape.The removal of material from a workpiece is termed generation of form by machining, or simply machining.Form and dimension may also be achieved by a number of alternative processes such as hot or cold extrusion, sand casting, die casting, and precision casting.Sheet metal can be formed or drawn by the application of pressure.In addition to machining, metal removal can be accomplished by chemical or electrical methods.A great variety of workpiece may be produced without resorting to a machining operation.Economic considerations, however, usually dictate form generation by machining either as the complete process or in conjunction with another process.Cutting tools are designed with sharp edges to minimize rubbing contact between the tool and workpiece.Variations in the shapes of the cutting tool influence tool life, surface finish of the workpiece, and the amount of force required to shear a chip from the parent metal.The various angles on a tool compose what is often termed tool geometry.The tool signature or nomenclature is a sequence of alpha and numeric characters representing the various angles, signification dimensions, special features, and the size of the nose radius.This method of identification has been standardized by the American National Standards Institute for carbide and for high speed steel.

第三篇：物流(航运)专业术语英文翻译

Gross Registered Tonnage(GRT)注册(容积)总吨 Net Registered Tonnage(NRT)注册(容积)净吨 Deadweight Tonnage(All Told)(DWT or D.W.A.T)总载重吨位(量)Gross Dead Weight Tonnage 总载重吨位 Dead Weight Cargo Tonnage(DWCT)净载重吨 Light Displacement 轻排水量

Load(Loaded)Displacement 满载排水量 Actual Displacement 实际排水量 Over weight surcharge 超重附加费

Bunker Adjustment Factor(Surcharge)(BAS or BS)燃油附加费

Port Surcharge 港口附加费

Port Congestion Surcharge 港口拥挤附加费 Currency Adjustment Factor(CAF)货币贬值附加费

Deviation surcharge 绕航附加费 Direct Additional 直航附加费

Additional for Optional Destination 选卸港附加费 Additional for Alteration of Destination 变更卸货港附加费

Fumigation Charge 熏蒸费 Bill of Lading 提单

On Board(Shipped)B/L 已装船提单

Received for shipment B/L 备运(收妥待运)提单 Named B/L 记名提单 Bearer B/L 不记名提单 Order B/L 指示提单

Blank Endorsement 空白备书 Clean B/L 清洁提单

In apparent good order and condition 外表状况良好

Unclean(Foul, Dirty)B/L 不清洁提单 Direct B/L 直航提单 Transshipment B/L 转船提单 Through B/L 联运提单

Multi-modal(Inter-modal, combined)transport B/L 多式联运提单 Long Form B/L 全式提单 Short Form B/L 简式提单 Anti-dated B/L 倒签提单 Advanced B/L 预借提单 Stale B/L 过期提单 On Deck B/L 甲板货提单

Newbuilding 新船

Nippon kaiji kyokai(NKK)日本船级社

No cure no pay 无效果无报酬

Not otherwise enumerated(N.O.E.)不另列举

Nominate a ship 指定船舶进行航行

To be nominated(TBN)指定船舶

Non-conference line(Independent line ,Outsider)非公会成员的航运公司

Non-delivery 未交货

Non-negotiable bill of lading 不可流通的提单

Non-reversible laytime 不可调配使用的装卸时间

Non-vessel owning(operating)common carrier(NVOCC)无船承运人

Not always afloat but safe aground 不保持浮泊但安全搁浅

Note protest 作海事声明

Notice of redelivery 还船通知书

Notify party 通知方

Ocean(Liner, Sea)waybill 海运单

Off hire 停租

Oil tanker 油轮

On-carriage 货运中转

On-carrier 接运承运人

One-way pallet 单边槽货盘

Open hatch bulk carrier 敞舱口散货船

Open rate 优惠费率

Open rated cargo 优惠费率货物

Open side container 侧开式集装箱

Open top container 开顶集装箱

Operate a ship 经营船舶

Optional cargo 选港货物

Ore/bulk/oil carrier 矿石/散货/油轮

Out of gauge 超标(货物)Outport 小港

Outturn 卸货

Outturn report 卸货报告

Outward 进港的

Overheight cargo 超重货物

Overlanded cargo or overlanding 溢卸货

Overload 超载

Overstow 堆码

Overtime(O/T)加班时间

Overtonnaging 吨位过剩

Owner′s agents 船东代理人 Charter Party B/L 租约项下提单 House B/L 运输代理行提单 Seaworthiness 船舶适航

Charter Party(C/P)租船合同(租约)Voyage charter party 航次租船合同 Time Charter Party 定期租船合同

Bareboat(demise)Charter Party 光船租船合同 Common carrier 公共承运人 Private carrier 私人承运人 Single trip C/P 单航次租船合同

Consecutive single trip C/P 连续单航次租船合同 Return trip C/P 往返航次租船合同 Contract of Affreightment(COA)包运合同 Voyage Charter Party on Time Basis 航次期租合同Fixture Note 租船确认书 Free In(FI)船方不负责装费 Free Out(FO)船方不负责卸费

Free In and Out(FIO)船方不负责装卸费 Free In and Out，Stowed and Trimmed(FIOST)船方不负责装卸、理舱和平舱费

Declaration of ship′s Deadweight Tonnage of Cargo 宣载通知书

Dunnage and separations 垫舱和隔舱物料 Lump-sum freight 整船包价运费

Weather working days(W.W.D)良好天气工作日 Notice of Readiness(NOR)船舶准备就绪通知书 Idle formality 例行手续

Laytime statement 装卸时间计算表 Damage for Detention 延期损失

Customary Quick Despatch(CQD)习惯快速装运 International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code(IMDG)国际海上危险品货物规则(国际危规)Booking Note 托运单(定舱委托书)Shipping Order(S/O)装货单(下货纸)Mate′s Receipt 收货单 Loading List 装货清单

Cargo Manifest 载货清单(货物舱单)Stowage Plan 货物积载计划 Dangerous Cargo List 危险品清单 Stowage Factor 积载因素(系数)Inward cargo 进港货 Outward cargo 出港货

Container yard(CY)集装箱堆场

Container Freight Station(CFS)集装箱货运站

Package limitation 单位(赔偿)责任限制

Packing list 装箱单

Pallet 托(货)盘

Pallet truck 托盘车

Palletized 托盘化的Panamax 巴拿马型船

Parcel 一包，一票货

Performance claim 性能索赔

Perishable goods 易腐货物

Permanent dunnage 固定垫舱物

Per freight ton(P.F.T.)每运费吨

Phosphoric acid carrier 磷酸船

Piece weight 单重

Pier 突码头

Pier to pier 码头至码头运输

Piggy –back 驮背运输

Pilferage 偷窃

Pilot 引航员

Pilotage 引航

Pilotage dues 引航费

Platform平台

Platform flat平台式集装箱

Pooling(班轮公司间分摊货物或运费)分摊制

Port 港口，船的左舷

Port of refuge 避难港

Portable unloader 便携式卸货机

Post fixture 订约后期工作

Post-entry 追补报关单

Preamble(租船合同)前言

Pre-entry 预报单

Pre-shipment charges 运输前费用

Pre-stow 预定积载

Private form 自用式租船合同

Pro forma charter-party 租约格式

Produce carrier 侧开式集装箱

Product(products)carrier 液体货运输船

Promotional rate 促销费率

Prospects 预期

Protecting(protective, supervisory)agent 船东利益保护人

Protection and indemnity club(association)(P.& I.Club ,Pandi club)船东保赔协会

Protective clauses 保护性条款

Protest 海事声明

Container Load Plan 集装箱装箱单 Conventional Container Ship 集装箱两用船 Semi-container Ship 半集装箱船 Full Container Ship 全集装箱船 Full Container Load(FCL)整箱货 Less Container Load(LCL)拼箱货 Delivery Order(D/O)提货单(小提单)Dock receipt 场站收据

Twenty equivalent unit(TEU)二十尺集装箱换算单位

Equipment Interchange Receipt(EIR)集装箱设备交接单

Demurrage 滞期费 Crew List 船员名册 Log book 航行日志 Liner transport 班轮运输

Tramp transport 不定期(租船)运输 Minimum Freight 工 最低运费 Maximum Freight 最高运费

Accomplish a Bill of Lading(to)付单提货 Ad valorem freight 从价运费

Address commission(Addcomm)回扣佣金 Adjustment 海损理算 Average adjuster 海损理算师 Average bond 海损分摊担保书 Average guarantee 海损担保书 Act of God 天灾 All in rate 总运费率 Annual survey 检验 All purposes(A.P)全部装卸时间 All time saved(a.t.s)节省的全部时间 Always afloat 始终保持浮泊 Anchorage 锚地 Anchorage dues 锚泊费 Arbitration award 仲裁裁决 Arbitrator 仲裁员 Arrest a ship 扣押船舶 Area differential 地区差价

Addendum(to a charter party)(租船合同)附件 Apron 码头前沿

Bale or bale capacity 货舱包装容积 Back(return)load 回程货 Back to back charter 转租合同 Backfreight 回程运费

Pumpman 泵工

Purchase(吊杆)滑车组

Quarter ramp 船尾跳板

Quarter-deck 后甲板

Quay 码头

Quote 报价

Ramp 跳板

Ramp/hatch cover(跳板)舱口盖

Rate 费率 Rate of demurrage 滞期费率

Rate of discharge(discharging)卸货率

Rate of freight 运费率

Rate of loading 装货

Receiving dates 收货期间

Recharter 转租

Recovery agent 追偿代理

Redelivery(redly)还船

Redelivery certificate 还船证书

Refrigerated(reefer)container 冷藏集装箱

Refrigerated(reefer)ship 冷藏船

Register 登记，报到

Register(registered)tonnage 登记吨位

Registration 登记，报到

Registro Italiano Navale(R.I.)意大利船级社

Release a bill of lading 交提单

Release cargo 放货

Remaining on board(R.O.B.)船上所有

Removable deck 活动甲板

Reporting point(calling-in-point)报告点

Reposition containers 调配集装箱

Respondentia loan 船货抵押贷款

Return cargo 回程货

Return load 回程装载

Reversible laytime 可调配的装卸时间

Roads(roadstead)港外锚地

Rolling cargo 滚装货物

Rolling hatch cover 滚动舱单

Roll-on roll-off(Ro-ro)滚上滚下

Roll-on roll-off ship 滚装船

Rotation 港序

Round voyage 往返航次

Round the world(service)(R.T.W.)全球性服务Run aground 搁浅

Running days 连续日

Safe aground 安全搁浅

Ballast(to)空载行驶 Barge 驳船 Barratry 船员不轨 Barrel handler 桶抓 Base cargo(1)垫底货 Base cargo(2)起运货量 Bundle(Bd)捆(包装单位)Beam 船宽

Bearer(of a B/L)提单持有人 Both ends(Bends)装卸两港 Boatman 缆工 Buoy 浮标

Bunker escalation clause 燃料涨价条款 Derrick 吊杆 Fork-lift truck 铲车

Boom of a fork-lift truck 铲车臂

Both to blame collision clause 互有过失碰撞条款 Book space 洽订舱位 Bottom 船体

Bottom stow cargo 舱底货 Bottomry loan 船舶抵押贷款 Breakbulk 零担

Breakbulk cargo 零担货物 Broken stowage 亏舱 Brokerage 经纪人佣金 Bulk cargo 散装货 Bulk carrier 散货船 Bulk container 散货集装箱

American Bureau of Shipping(A.B.S.)美国船级社Bureau Veritas(B.V.)法国船级社 Cabotage 沿海运输

Canal transit dues 运河通行税 Capsize vessel 超宽型船 Captain 船长

Car carrier 汽车运输船 Car container 汽车集装箱 Cargo hook 货钩 Cargo sharing 货载份额

Cargo superintendent 货物配载主管 Cargo tank 货箱

Cargo tracer 短少货物查询单 Cargoworthiness 适货 Carryings 运输量

Certificate of seaworthiness 适航证书

Safe berth(s.b)安全泊位

Safe port(S.P)安全港口

Safe working load 安全工作负荷

Safety radio-telegraphy certificate 无线电报设备安全证书

Said to contain(s.t.c.)(提单术语)内货据称

Sail 航行,离港

Sailing schedule(card)船期表

Salvage charges 救助费

Salvage agreement 救助协议

Salve 救助

Salvor 救助人

Saturdays,Sundays and holidays excepted(S.S.H.E.X.)星期

六、日与节假日除外

Saturdays,Sundays and holidays included(S.S.H.I.N.C)星期

六、日与节假日包括在内

Scancon 斯堪人航次祖租船合同

Scanconbill 斯堪人航次祖租船合同提单

Scantlings 构件尺寸

Special commodity quotation(SCQ)特种商品报价Scrap terminal 废料场

Single deck ship(s.d.)单层甲板船

Sea waybill Seal

Secure(to)固定

Segregated ballast tank 分隔压载水舱

Self-sustaining ship 自备起重机的集装箱船

Self-trimming ship(self-trimmer)自动平舱船

Self-unloader 自卸船

Semi-trailer 半脱车

Separation 隔票

Service contract 服务合同

Shears(shear-legs)人字(起重)架

Sheave 滑轮

Shelter-deck 遮蔽甲板船

Shift 工班

Shift(to)移泊，移位

Shifting charges 移泊费

Shipbroker 船舶经纪人

Shipping 航运，船舶，装运

Shipping instructions 装运须知

Shipping line 航运公司

Ship′s gear 船上起重设备

Ship′s rail 船舷

Cesser clause 责任终止条款 Chassis 集装箱拖车 Claims adjuster 理赔人

Classification certificate 船级证书 Classification register 船级公告 Classification society 船级社 Classification survey 船级检验 Paramount clause 首要条款 Clean(petroleum)products 精练油 Clean the holds(to)清洁货舱 Closing date 截至日 Closure of navigation 封航

Collapsible flattrack 折叠式板架集装箱 Completely knocked down(CKD)全拆装 Compulsory pilotage 强制引航 Conference 公会 Congestion 拥挤

Congestion surcharge 拥挤费 Con-ro ship 集装箱/滚装两用船 Consecutive voyages 连续航程 Consign 托运 Consignee 收货人 Consignor 发货人

Consignment 托运；托运的货物 Consolidation(groupage)拼箱 Consortium 联营 Constants 常数

Container barge 集装箱驳船 Container leasing 集装箱租赁 Containerization 集装箱化

Containerised 已装箱的，已集装箱化的 Containership 集装箱船

Contamination(of cargo)货物污染 Contributory value 分摊价值 Conveyor belt 传送带

Corner casting(fitting)集装箱(角件)Corner post 集装箱(角柱)Crane 起重机

Crawler mounted crane 履带式(轨道式)起重机 Custom of the port(COP)港口惯例 Customary assistance 惯常协助 Daily running cost 日常营运成本 Deadfreight 亏舱费

Deadweight(weight)cargo 重量货

Ship′s tackle 船用索具

Shipyard 造船厂

Shore 货撑

Shore gear 岸上设备(岸吊)Short sea近海

Short shipment 短装

Shortage 短少

Shortlanded cargo 短卸货物

Shut out(to)短装

Side door container 侧门集装箱

Side-loading trailer 侧向装卸拖车

Similar sbustitue(sim.sub.)相似替换船Single hatch ship 单舱船

Sister ship 姐妹船

Skid 垫木

Skip 吊货盘

Sliding hatch cover 滑动舱盖

Sling 吊货索(链)环，吊起

Slop tank 污水箱

Slops 污水

Slot 箱位

Special equipment 特殊设备

Specific gravity(s.g.)比重

Spiral elevator 螺旋式卸货机

Spreader 横撐(集装箱吊具)Squat 船身下沉

Starboard(side)右舷

Statement of facts 事实记录

Stem 船艏，装期供货

Stem a berth 预订泊位

Stern 船尾

Stevedore 装卸工人

Stevedor′s(docker’s,hand)hook 手钩

Stevedoring charges 装卸费用

Stiff 稳性过大

Stranding 搁浅

Strengthened hold 加固舱

Strike clause 罢工条款

Strike-bound 罢工阻碍

Strip(destuff)a container 卸集装箱

Strip seal 封条

Stuff(to)装集装箱

Sub-charterer 转租人

Sub-freight 转租运费

Deadweight cargo(carrying)capacity 载货量 Deaiweight scale 载重图表 Deck cargo 甲板货

Delivery of cargo(a ship)交货(交船)Despatch or Despatch money 速遣费 Destuff 卸集装箱

Det Norske Veritas(D.N.V.)挪威船级社 Deviation 绕航

Direct discharge(车船)直卸 Direct transshipment 直接转船

Dirty(Black)(petroleum)products(D.P.P.)原油 Disbursements 港口开支 Discharging port 卸货港 Disponent owner 二船东 Dock 船坞 Docker 码头工人 Door to door 门到门运输 Downtime(设备)故障时间 Draft(draught)吃水；水深 Draft limitation 吃水限制

Dropping outward pilot(D.O.P.)引航员下船时 Dry cargo 干货

Dry cargo(freight)container 干货集装箱 Dry dock 干船坞

Demurrage half despatch(D1/2D)速遣费为滞期费的一半

Efficient deck hand(E.D.H.)二级水手 Elevator 卸货机

Enter a ship inwards(outwards)申请船舶进港(出港)Entrepot 保税货

Equipment 设备(常指集装箱)Equipment handover charge 设备使用费 预计到达时间

Estimated time of completion(ETC)预计完成时间Estimated time of departure(ETD)预计离港时间 Estimated time of readiness(ETR)预计准备就绪时间

Estimated time of sailing(ETS)预计航行时间 Europallet 欧式托盘

Even if used(E.I.U.)即使使用 Excepted period 除外期间 Exception 异议

Exceptions clause 免责条款

Subject(sub.)details 有待协商的细节

Subject free(open)待定条款

Subject(sub.)stem 装期供货待定

Subrogation 代位追偿权

Substitue 替代船，替换

Substitution 换船

Suit time 起诉期

Summer draught 夏季吃水

Summer freeboard 夏季干舷

Support ship 辅助船

Tackle 索具(滑车)Tally 理货

Tally clerk 理货员

Tally sheet(book)理货单

Tank car 槽车

Tank cleaning 油舱清洗

Tank container 液体集装箱

Tank terminal(farm)油灌场

Tanker 油轮

Tariff 费率表

Tarpaulin 油布

Tender 稳性过小

Terminal chassis 场站拖车

Terminal handling charge 场站操作费

Through rate 联运费率

Tier limit(limitation)层数限制

Time bar 时效丧失

Time charter 期租

Time sheet 装卸时间表

Tolerated outsider 特许非会员公司

Tomming(down)撑货

Tones per centimeter(TPI)每厘米吃水吨数

Tones per day(TPD)每天装卸吨数

Tones per inch(TPI)每英寸吃水吨数

Top stow cargo 堆顶货

Total deadweight(TDW)总载重量

Tracer(货物)查询单

Tractor 牵引车

Trading limits 航行范围

Trailer 拖车

Transfer(equipment handover)charge 设备租用费

Transship(trans-ship)转船

Transhipment(transshipment,trans-shipment)转

Excess landing 溢卸 Expiry of laytime 装卸欺瞒 Extend suit time 延长诉讼时间 Extend a charter 延长租期 Extension of a charter 租期延长 Extension to suit time 诉讼时间延长 Extreme breadth 最大宽度 Fairway 航道

Feeder service 支线运输服务 Feeder ship 支线船 Ferry 渡轮

First class ship 一级船

Flag of convenience(FOC)方便旗船 Floating crane 浮吊 Floating dock 浮坞 Force majeure 不可抗力 Fork-lift truck 铲车

Forty foot equivalent unit(FEU)四十英尺集装箱换算单位

Four-way pallet 四边开槽托盘 Freeboard 干

Freight all kinds(FAK)包干运费

Freight canvasser 揽货员

Freight collect(freight payable at destination)运费到付

Freight prepaid 运费预付

Freight quotation 运费报价

Freight rate(rate of freight)运费率

Freight tariff 运费费率表

Freight ton(FT)运费吨

Freight manifest 运费舱单

Freighter 货船

Fresh water load line 淡水载重线

Fridays and holidays excepted(F.H.E.X.)星期五和节假日除外

Full and complete cargo 满舱满载货

Full and down 满舱满载

Gantry crane 门式起重机(门吊)Gencon 金康航次租船合同

General average 共同海损

General average act 共同海损行为

General average contribution 共同海损分摊

General average sacrifice 共同海损牺牲

General cargo(generals)杂货

船

Transit cargo 过境货物

Transporter crane 轨道式起重机

Tray 货盘

Trim平舱

Trim a ship 调整船舶吃水

Tug 拖轮

Turn round(around , or turnaround)time 船舶周转时间

Turn time 等泊时间

Tween deck 二层甲板

Twin hatch vessel 双舱口船

Two-way pallet 两边开槽托盘

Ultra large crude carrier(ULCC)超大型油轮

Uncontainerable(uncontainerisable)cargo 不适箱货

Under deck shipment 货舱运输

Unit load 成组运输

Unitisation 成组化

Universal bulk carrier(UBC)通用散装货船

Unload 卸货

Unmoor 解揽

Unseaworthiness 不适航

Utilization 整箱货

Valuation form 货价单

Valuation scale 货价表

Vehicle /train ferry 汽车/火车渡轮

Ventilated container 通风集装箱

Ventilation 通风

Ventilator 通风器

Vessel 船舶，船方

Vessel sharing agreement(V.S.A.)船舶共用协议

Void filler 填充物

Voyage account 航次报表

Voyage(trip)charter 航次租船

Waybill 货运单

Weather permitting(w.p)天气允许

Weather working day 晴天工作日

Weather-bound 天气阻挠

With effect from(w.e.f)自生效

Weight cargo 重量货

Weight or measure(measurement)(W/M)重量/体积

Weight rated cargo 计重货物 General purpose container 多用途集装箱

Geographical rotation 地理顺序

Germanischer Lloyd(G.L.)德国船级社

Greenwich Mean Time(G.M.T.)格林威治时间

Grabbing crane 抓斗起重机

Grain or grain capacity 散装舱容

Gross weight(GW)毛重

Grounding 触底

Gunny bag 麻袋

Gunny matting 麻垫

Hague Rules 海牙规则

Hague-Visby Rules 海牙维斯比规则

Hamburg Rules 汉堡规则

Hand hook 手钩

Handymax 杂散货船

Handy-sized bulker 小型散货船

Harbour 海港

Harbour dues 港务费

Hatch(hatch cover)舱盖

Hatchway 舱口

Head charter(charter party)主租船合同

Head charterer 主租船人

Heavy lift 超重货物

Heavy lift additional(surcharge)超重附加费

Heavy lift derrick 重型吊杆

Heavy weather 恶劣天气

Heavy fuel oil(H.F.O)重油

Hire statement 租金单

Hold 船舱

Home port 船籍港

Homogeneous cargo 同种货物

Hook 吊钩

Hopper 漏斗

House Bill of Lading 运输代理行提单

Hovercraft 气垫船

Husbandry 维修

Inland container depot 内陆集装箱

Ice-breaker 破冰船

Identity of carrier clause 承运人责任条款

Idle(船舶、设备)闲置

Immediate rebate 直接回扣

International Maritime Organization(IMO)国际海事组织

Import entry 进口报关

Well 货井，井区

Wharf 码头

Wharfage(charges)码头费

When where ready on completion of discharge(w.w.r c.d.)何时何处还船

Whether in berth or not(w.i.b.o.n.)无论靠泊与否

Whether in free pratique or not(w.i.f.p.o.n.)无论是否通过检验

Whether in port or not(w.i.p.o.n.)不论是否在港内

White(clean, clean petroleum)products 精炼油

Wide laycan 长销约期

Workable(working)hatch 可工作舱口

Working day 工作日

Working day of 24 consecutive hours 连续24小时工作日

Working day of 24 hours 24小时工作日

Working time saved(w.t.s.)节省的装卸时间

Yard(shipyard)造船厂

International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)国际民用航空组织

International Air Transport Association(IATA)国际航空运输协会

Scheduled Airline 班机运输

Chartered Carrier 包机运输

Consolidation 集中托运

Air Express 航空快递

Air Waybill 航空运单

Master Air Waybill(MAWB)航空主运单

House Air Waybill(HAWB)航空分运单

Chargeable Weight 计费重量

High density cargo 重货

Low density cargo 轻货

Specific Commodity Rates(SCR)特种货物运价

Commodity Classification Rates(CCR)等价货物运价

General Cargo Rates(GCR)普通货物运价

Unit Load Devices(ULD)集装设备

Construction Rate 比例运价

Combination of Rate 分段相加运价

Valuation Charges 声明价值费

Declared value for Carriage 运输声明价值

No value Declared(NVD)不要求声明价值

Declared value for Customs 海关声明价值 Indemnity 赔偿

Inducement 起运量

Inducement cargo 起运量货物

Inflation adjustment factor(IAF)通货膨胀膨胀调整系数

Infrastructure(of a port)(港口)基础设施

Inherent vice 固有缺陷

Institute Warranty Limits(IWL)(伦敦保险人)协会保证航行范围

Insufficient packing 包装不足

Intaken weight 装运重量

International Association of Classification Societies(IACS)国际船级社协会

Inward 进港的Inward cargo 进港货物

International Transport Workers’ Federation(ITF)国际运输工人联合会

Itinerary 航海日程表

Jettison 抛货

Joint service 联合服务

Joint survey 联合检验

Jumbo derrick 重型吊杆

Jurisdiction(Litigation)clause 管辖权条款

Knot 航速(节)Laden 满载的

Laden draught 满载吃水

Landbridge 陆桥

Landing charges 卸桥费

Landing,storage and delivery 卸货、仓储和送货费Lash 用绳绑扎

Lashings 绑扎物

Latitude 纬度

Lay-by berth 候载停泊区

Laydays(laytime)装卸货时间

Laydays canceling(Laycan或L/C)销约期

Laytime saved 节省的装卸时间

Laytime statement 装卸时间记录

Lay up 搁置不用

Leg(of a voyage)航段

Length overall(overall length ,简称LOA)(船舶)总长

Letter of indemnity 担保书(函)Lien 留置权

Lift-on lift-off(LO-LO)吊上吊下

No customs valuation(NCV)无声明价值

LOGISTICS 物流

LOGISTICS INDUSTRY 物流产业

LOGISTICS ACTIVITY 物流活动

LOGISTICS OPERATION 物流作业

LOGISTICS COST 物流成本

LOGISTICS MODULUS 物流模数

LOGISTICS CENTRE 物流中心

LOGISTICS NETWORK 物流网络

LOGISTICS ALLIANCE 物流联盟

BUSINESS LOGISTICS 企业物流

SOCIETAL LOGISTICS 社会物流

THIRD-PARTY LOGISTICS(TPL)第三方物流

LEAN LOGISTICS 精益物流

VIRTUAL LOGISTICS 虚拟物流

CUSTOMIZATION LOGISTICS 定制物流

value-ADDED LOGISTICS SERVICE 增值物流服务 SUPPLY CHAIN 供应链

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT(SCM)供应链管理 SUPPLY CHIAN INTEGRATION 供应链整合PHYSICAL PRODUCTION 产品配送

INTEGRATED LOGISTICS 综合物流

MATERIAL REQUIREMENT PLANNING(MRP I)物料需求计划

MANUFACTURING RESOURCE PLANNING(MRP II)制造资源计划

DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENT PLANNING(DRP I)配送需求计划

DISTRIBUTION RESOURCE PLANNING(DRP II)配送资源计划

LOSGISTICS RESOURCE PLANNING(LRP)物流资源计划

ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING(ERP)企业资源计划

QUICK RESPONSE(QR)快速反应 EFFICIENT CUSTOMER RESPONSE(ECR)有效客户反应

CONTINUOUS REPLENISHMENT PROGRAM(CRP)连续补充库存计划

COMPUTER ASSISTED ORDING(CAO)计算机辅助订货系统

VENDOR MANAGED INVENTORY(VMI)供应商管理库存

ELECTRONIC ORDER SYSTEM(EOS)电子订货系统

Lighter 驳船

Limitation of liability 责任限制

Line(shipping line)航运公司

Liner(liner ship)班轮

Liner in free out(LIFO)运费不包括卸货费

Liner terms 班轮条件

Lloyd′s Register of Shipping 劳埃德船级社

Loadline(load line)载重线

Loading hatch 装货口

Log abstract 航海日志摘录

Long length additional 超长附加费

Long ton 长吨

Longitude 经度

Lump sum charter 整笔运费租赁

Maiden voyage 处女航

Main deck 主甲板

Main port 主要港口

Manifest 舱单

Maritime declaration of health 航海健康申明书

Maritime lien 海事优先权

Marks and numbers 唛头

Mate′s receipt 大副收据

Mean draught平均吃水

Measurement cargo 体积货物

Measurement rated cargo 按体积计费的货物

Measurement rules 计量规则

Merchant(班轮提单)货方

Merchant haulage 货方拖运

Merchant marine 商船

Metric ton 公吨

Misdelivery 错误交货

Misdescription 错误陈述

Mixed cargo 混杂货

Mobile crane 移动式起重机

More or less(mol.)增减

More or less in charterer’s option(MOLCHOP)承租人有增减选择权

More or less in owner’s option(MOLOO)船东有增减选择权

Mother ship 母船

Multideck ship 多层甲板船

Multi-purpose cargo ship 多用途船

Multi-purpose terminal 多用途场站

Narrow the laycan 缩短销约期

ADVANCED SHIPPING NOTICE(ASN)预先发货通知

DIRECT STORE DELIVERY(DSD)店铺直送

POINT OF SALE(POS)销售实点(信息)系统

AUTOMATIC REPLENISHMENT(AR)自动补货系统

JUST IN TIME(JIT)准时制

OUTSOURCING 业务外包(外协，外购)INVENTORY CONTROL 存货控制

WAREHOUSE 仓库

BONDED WAREHOUSE 保税仓库

AUTOMATIC WAREHOUSE 自动化仓库

STEREOSCOPIC WAREHOUSE 立体仓库

VIRTUAL WAREHOUSE 虚拟仓库

WAREHOUSE LAYOUT 仓库布局

WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM(WMS)仓库管理系统

ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY(EOQ)经济订货批量

FIXED-QUANTITY SYSTEM(FQS)定量订货方式

FIXED-INTERVAL SYSTEM(FIS)定期订货方式

ABC CLASSIFICIATION ABC分类法

DISTRIBUTION CENTRE(DC)配送(分拨)中心

CONTRACT LOGISTICS 合同物流

FULL-SERVICE DISTRIBUTION COMPANY(FSDC)全方位物流服务公司

SAFETY STOCK 安全库存

LEAD TIME 备货时间

INVENTORY CYCLE TIME 库存周期

CYCLE STOCK 订货处理周期

CROSS DOCKING 交叉配送(换装)GOODS SHED 料棚

GOODS STACK 货垛

GOODS YARD 货场

GOODS SHELF 货架

PALLET 托盘

STACKING 堆码

SORTING 分拣

ORDER PICKING 拣选

GOODS COLLECTION 集货

ASSEMBLY 组配

DISTRIBUTION PROCESSING 流通加工

ZERO INVENTORY 零库存

value-ADDED NETWORK 增值网

BAR CODE 条形吗 Net weight 净重

New Jason clause 新杰森条款

New York Produce Exchange charter-party(NYPE)纽约土产交易所制定的定期程租船合同格式

OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION 光学文字识别

ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE(EDI)电子数据交换

RADIO FREQUENCY(RF)无线射频

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM(GPS)全球定位系统

GEORGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM(GIS)地理信息系统

CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造 decision analysis 决策分析 engineering economy 工程经济 facilities planning 设施 industrial safety 工业安全 quality control 质量治理 QA 质量保证 QC 质量控制

HSE安全、环境与健康管理体系 OSHMS是职业安全健康管理体系 Center of gravity 重心 Spreader beam 分布梁 Shearing force 剪力 Bending movement 弯矩 Acceleration 加速度 Impact recorder 冲击记录仪

Environmental project logistics 工程项目绿色物流 Charter Party(C/P)租船合同(租约)charter party航次租船合同

Voyage Contract of Affreightment(COA)包运合同

Free In(FI)船方不负责装费

Free Out(FO)船方不负责卸费

Free In and Out(FIO)船方不负责装卸费

Free In and Out，Stowed and Trimmed(FIOST)船方不负责装卸、理舱和平舱费

Notice of Readiness(NOR)船舶准备就绪通知书

Stowage Plan货物积载计划

Stowage Factor积载因素(系数)Demurrage滞期费

Log book航行日志

Derrick吊杆

Forklift 铲车

Both to blame collision clause互有过失碰撞条款 Broken stowage亏舱

Capsize vessel超宽型船

Certificate of seaworthiness适航证书

Crawler mounted crane履带式(轨道式)起重机

Freight ton(FT)运费吨

Gantry crane门式起重机(门吊)

第四篇：机械专业术语

机械常用术语

粗频偏coarse frequency offset新型工业化战略new-typed industrialized strategy现代装备制造业modern equipment manufacturing industry

几何关系geometric relationship；geometric；geometric relation

最大误差maximum error允许误差permissible errors；permissible；optical 机械行业machinery industry 传动比ratio；transmission ratio；drive ratio 机械产品engineering goods 装载机loader；shovel loader

解析法analytic method；analytical method；analyticmethod

尺寸大小dimension；size 机械系统machinery systems；mechanical system；machinery 零件图part drawing；detail drawing；component drawing

旋转方向rotation direction；sense of rotation；direction of rotation

提高可靠性for raising reliability；increasing reliability；the reliability

先进制造技术advanced manufacturing technology；advanced manufacturing technology

to；advance manufacturing technology

最大流量annual maximum flow；maximum flow rate；maximum flow

弯曲应力bending stress 短小精悍the short and excelle；short and perfect 设计变量design variable；design variables；the design variables

使用人员the user to work紧固件fastener变动性mobility

标准状态normal state；standard state；standard condition；standard conditions 固有特性natural characteristic；inherent characteristic压力比pressure ratio 制造系统manufacturing system 控制板panel；panel of control；control board

中心部分central part；central part of 传动效率transmission efficiency；drive efficiency 一机多用a tractor serves several purposes 动力学特性dynamics；kinetic characteristics 计算单位unit of account；numeraire 机械部分mechanical part；machine part；machinery

devices

装配图assembly diagram；assembling dmwing；assembling drawing；assembly drawing 控制学cybernetics参考电极reference electrode等中心isocenter

计数仪calculating instrument加速度计accelerometer；jerkmeter；acceleration gage 仪器测量instrumentation measurement；measurement devices；instrumental 鉴别力discrimination无泄漏no leakage包络线envelope；envelope curve 柔性制造系统flexible manufacturing system平均流量average flow

常规设计conventional design修正公式modifier formulas；modified formula

螺栓连接bolted joint；bolted connection；bolt fastening角加速度angular acceleration 优化设计方法optimization design method直线性linearity；straightness

极限位置limiting position；extreme position；limit position 尺寸标注size marking 尺寸参数dimension parameters;dimensional parameters 强度设计limit design 检测速度detection velocity;detection speed;testing speed 线接触line contact 初始参数initial parameter of;initial parameter;initial parameters

第五篇：有关机械的英文翻译

Robot is a type of mechantronics equipment which synthesizes the last research achievement of engine and precision engine, micro-electronics and computer, automation control and drive, sensor and message dispose and artificial intelligence and so on.With the development of economic and the demand for automation control, robot technology is developed quickly and all types of the robots products are come into being.The practicality use of robot products not only solves the problems which are difficult to operate for human being, but also advances the industrial automation program.Modern industrial robots are true marvels of engineering.A robot the size of a person can easily carry a load over one hundred pounds and move it very quickly with a repeatability of +/-0.006 inches.Furthermore these robots can do that 24 hours a day for years on end with no failures whatsoever.Through they are reprogrammable, in many applications(particularly those in the auto industry)they are programmed once and then repeat that ,exact same task for years.At present, the research and development of robot involves several kinds of technology and the robot system configuration is so complex that the cost at large is high which to a certain extent limit the robot abroad use.To development economic practicality and high reliability robot system will be value to robot social application and economy development.With the rapid progress with the control economy and expanding of the modern cities, the let of sewage is increasing quickly.With the development of modern technology and the enhancement of consciousness about environment reserve, more and more people realized the importance and urgent of sewage disposal.Active bacteria method is an effective technique for sewage diposal.The lacunaris plastic is an effective basement for active bacteria adhesion for sewage diposal.The abundance requirement for lacunaris plastic makes it is a consequent for the plastic producing with automation and high productivity.Therefore, it is very necessary to design a manipulator that can automatically fulfill the plastic holding.With the analysis of the problems in the design of the plastic holding manipulator and synthesizing the robot research and development condition in recent years, a economic scheme is concluded on the basis of the analysis of mechanical configuration, transform system, drive device and control system and guided by the idea of the characteristic and complex of mechanical configuration, electronic, software and hardware.In this article, the mechanical configuration combines the character of direction coordinate and the arthrosis coordinate which can improve the stability and operation flexibility of the system.The main function of the transmission mechanism is to transmit power to implement department and complete the necessary movement.In this transmission structure, the screw transmission mechanism transmits the rotary motion int linear motion.Worm gear can give vary transmission ratio.Both of the transmission mechanisms have a characteristic of compact structure.The design of drive system often is limited by the environment condition and the factor of cost and technical lever.＂The step motor can receive digital signal directly and has the ability to response outer environment immediately and has no accumulation error, which often is used in driving system.In this driving system, open-loop control system is composed of stepping motor, which can satisfy the demand not only for control precision but also for the target of economic and practicality.On this basis, the analysis of stepping motor in power calculating and style selecting is also given.The analysis of kinematics and dynamics for object holding manipulator is given in completing the design of mechanical structure and drive system.Kinematics analysis is the basis of path programming and track control.The positive and reverse analysis of manipulator gives the relationship between manipulator space and drive space in position and speed.The relationship between manipulator’s tip position and arthrosis angles is concluded by coordinate transform method.The geometry method is used in solving inverse kinematics problem and the result will provide theory evidence for control system.The function of dynamics is to get the relationship between the movement and force and the target is to satisfy the demand of real time control.In this chamfer, Newton-Euripides method is used in analysis dynamic problem of the cleaning robot and the arthrosis force and torque are given which provide the foundation for step motor selecting and structure dynamic optimal ting.Control system is the key and core part of the object holding manipulator system design which will direct effect the reliability and practicality of the robot system in the pision of configuration and control function and also will effect or limit the development cost and cycle.With the demand of the PCL-839 card, the PC computer which has a tight structure and is easy to be extended is used as the principal computer cell and takes the function of system initialization, data operation and dispose, step motor drive and error diagnose and so on..At the same time, the configuration structure features, task principles and the position function with high precision of the control card PCL-839 are analyzed.Hardware is the matter foundation of the control.System and the software is the spirit of the control system.The target of the software is to combine all the parts in optimizing style and to improve the efficiency and reliability of the control system.The software design of the object holding manipulator control system is pided into several blocks such as system initialization block, data process block and error station detect and dispose model and so on.PCL-839 card can solve the communication between the main computer and the control cells and take the measure of reducing the influence of the outer signal to the control system.The start and stop frequency of the step motor is far lower than the maximum running frequency.In order to improve the efficiency of the step motor, the increase and decrease of the speed is must considered when the step motor running in high speed and start or stop with great acceleration.The increase and decrease of the motor’s speed can be controlled by the pulse frequency sent to the step motor drive with a rational method.This can be implemented either by hardware or by software.A step motor shift control method is proposed, which is simple to calculate, easy to realize and the theory means is straightforward.The motor’s acceleration can fit the torque-frequency curve properly with this method.And the amount of calculation load is less than the linear acceleration shift control method and the method which is based on the exponential rule to change speed.The method is tested by experiment.At last, the research content and the achievement are sum up and the problems and shortages in main the content are also listed.The development and application of robot in the future is expected.机器人是典型的机电一体化装置，它综合运用了机械与精密机械、微电子与计算机、自动控制与驱动、传感器与信息处理及人工智能等多学科的最新研究成果，随着经济的发展和各行各业对自动化程度要求的提高，机器人技术得到了迅速发展，出现了各种各样的机器人产品。现代工业机器人是人类真正的奇迹工程。一个像人那么大的机器人可以轻松地抬起超过一百磅并可以在误差+/-0.006英寸误差范围内重复的移动。更重要的是这些机器人可以每天24小时永不停止地工作。在许多应用中（特别是自动工业种）它们是通过编程控制的，但是它们一旦编程一次，便可以重复地做同一件工作多年。机器人产品的实用化，既解决了许多单靠人力难以解决的实际问题，又促进进了工业自动化的进程。

目前，由于机器人的研制和开发涉及多方面技术，系统结构复杂，开发和研制的成本普遍较高，在某种程度上限制了该项技术的广泛应用，因此，研制经济型、实用化、高可靠性机器人系统就有广泛的社会现实意义和经济价值。由于我国经济建设和城市化的快速发展，城市污水排放量增长很快，污水处理已经摆在人们的议事日程上来。随着科学技术的发展和人类知识水平的提高，人们越来越认识到污水处理的重要性和迫切性，科学家金额研究人员发现塑料制品在水中是用于污水处理的很有效的污泥菌群的附着体。塑料制品的大量需求，使得塑料制品生产的自动化和高效率要求成为经济发展的必然。本文结合塑料一次挤出成型机和塑料抓取机械手的研制过程种出现的问题，综述近几年机器人技术研究和发展的状况，在充分发挥机、电、软、硬件各自特点和优势互补的基础上，对物料抓取机械手整体机械结构、传动系统、驱动装置和控制系统进行了分析和设计，提出了一套经济型设计方案。采用直角坐标和关节坐标相结合的框架式机械结构形式，这种方式能够提高系统的稳定性和操作灵活性。传动装置的作用是将驱动原件的动力传递给机器人机械手相应的执行机构，以实现各种必要的运动，传动方式上采用结构紧凑、传都比大的涡轮蜗杆传动和将旋转运动转换为直线运动的螺旋传动。机械手驱动系统的设计往往受到作业环境条件的限制，同时也要考虑价格因素的影响以及能够达到的技术水平。由于步进电机能够直接接收数字量，响应速度快而且工作可靠并无累积误差，常用作数字控制系统驱动机构的动力元件，因此，在驱动装置中采用由步进电机构成的开环控制方式，这种方式既能满足控制精度的要求，又能达到经济性、实用化目的，在此基础上，对步进电机的功率计算及选型问题进行了分析。运动学分析是路径规划和轨迹控制的基础，对操作壁进行运动学正、逆问题的分析可以完成操作空间位置和速度向驱动空间的映射看，采用其次坐标变换法得到了操作臂末端位置和姿态随关节夹角之间的变换关系，采用几何法分析了操作臂的逆向运动学方程求解问题，对控制系统设计提供了理论依据。控制部分是整个物料抓取机械手系统设计关键和核心，它在结构和功能上的划分和实现直接关系到机器人系统的可靠性、实用性，也影响和制约机械手系统的研制成本和开发周期。在控制主机的选用上，采用结构紧凑、扩展功能强和可靠性高的PC工业控制计算机作为主机，配以PCL-839卡的结构特点、功能原理和其高定位功能等给予了分析。硬件是整个控制系统以及极限位置功能赖以存在的物质基础，软件则是计算机控制系统的神经中枢，软件设计的目的是以最优的方式将各部分功能有机结合起来，使系统具有较高的运行效率和较强的可靠性。在物料抓取机械手软件的设计上，采用的是模块化结构，分为系统初始化模块、数据处理模块和故障状态检测与处理等几部分。主控计算机和各控制单元之间全部由PCL-839卡联系，并且由该卡实现抗干扰等问题，减少外部信号对系统的影响。步进电机的启停频率远远小于其最高运行频率，为了提高工作效率发，需要步进电机高速运行并快速启停时，必须考虑它的升、降速控制问题。电机的升降速控制可以归结为以某种合理的力式控制发送到步进电机驱动器的脉冲频率，这可由硬件实现，也可由软件方法来实现。本文提出了一种算法简单、易于实现、理论意义明确的步进电机变速控制策略：定时器常量修改变速控制方案。该方法能使步进电机加速度与其力矩—频率曲线较好地拟合，从而提高变速效率。而且它的计算量比线性加速度变速和基于指数规律加速度的变速控制小得多。通过实验证明了该方法的有效性。最后，对论文主要研究内容和取得的技术成果进行了总结，提出了存在的问题和不足，同时对机器人技术的应用进行了展望。