第一篇：句子改错主谓一致

SAT 文法中的主谓一致

根据ＳＡＴ历年真题以及官方指南习题，主谓一致的句子改错题又可以分为五大类：１ 迷失主语 ２ 复合主语 ３ 单数原则 ４ 关系从句 ５ 倒装结构

１ 迷失主语：

即修饰主语的成份过长，难以辨别真正主语。因此很难判断谓语动词的形式。例一 A group of yachts with brightly colored banners flying in the wind were entering the harbor.在这个句子中很少有同学能够认识到真正的主语是a group，yachts with brightly colored banners 以及flying in the wind都是对其修饰的成份。因此根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词应用单数 was entering 而非were entering。

在这里Sally 告诉大家，SAT文法中经常有 名词一 of 名词二 的结构，在这样的结构中，核心名词是 of 之前的名词一，判断谓语动词要用 单数还是复数是根据名词一来决定。

例二 French mountain honey made from linden blossoms, which are sometimes called ‘lime blossoms’, have a distinctively citrus flavor.在这里真正的主语是 honey，和谓语动词之间相隔了一个分词短语：made from liden blossoms 和一个定语从句： which are sometimes called ‘lime blossoms’,因此谓语动词应该用单数 has 而非have。

例三 Despite the heavy rain, the television reporter, accompanied by her loyal film crew, were willing to wait outside the hotel until the delegates finished their meeting.该句中，主语和谓语动词之间有一个插入语：accompanied by her loyal film crew, 真正的主语 the television reporter, 因此谓语动词为 was 而非were

2、复合主语： 顾名思义，复合主语就是有两个或者两个以上的主语，这是我们应该跟不同的复合主语选用不用的谓语动词。

一般情况下复合主语有以下几种情况： A． both…and…(谓语动词使用复数)B． neither…nor;either….or;not only…but also….(谓语动词根据就近原则选用相应形式)例一 Our genetic make-up and our personal experience make us who we are.在这个句子中，降到了 genetic make-up 和 personal experience 两个方面做主语，因此谓语动词应该使用复数形式 make。

例二 Either a novel by Isaac Asimov or one by Arthur C.Clarke are going to be discussed at the next meeting of the Science Fiction Book Club.该句主语是一个either…or 的句型结构，要根据就近原则决定谓语动词单复数，因此应该是is going 而非are going。永远单数原则

有些词语修饰主语，谓语动词永远使用单数。这些词为：each，every，either of;neither of 例： Because neither of the dolls were in its original box, the pair would not be worth as much as

the toy collector had hoped.因为词句用了neither of 的结构，因此谓语动词要用单数 was 而非were，尽管dolls 紧跟谓语动词。关系从句中的单复数 关系从句又叫定语从句，意思是定语从句中的谓语动词形式由此从句所修饰的名词单复数决定。

例一： Thanks to the strength of the bonds between its constituent carbon atoms, a diamond had exceptional physical properties that makes it useful in a wide variety of industrial applicants.该句包含一个定语从句_ that makes it useful in a wide variety of industrial applicants.该从句中的that 指代的是physical properties 是复数名词，因此定语从句中的谓语动词应用复数形式 为 make 而非makes 倒装

倒装意为着谓语动词放在主语之前，谓语动词的单复数形式由放在其后的主语决定。例一：Over that hill are thousand of bison.该句中介词短语 over that hill 不能做主语，因此该句为倒装句，真正的主语是thousand of bison，因此谓语动词为复数形式：are。

例二：Riding on the bus were a dozen commuters.句子里面 a dozen commuters 是主语，谓语动词用were

例三： Across the street from the new bookstore and coffee shop were an old, dilapidated playground whose broken equipment and overgrown weeds attested to long neglect.不难看出，这是一个介词短语提前的倒装，真正的主语是 an old，dilapidated playground，谓语动词当然要用单数形式：was。

第二篇：主谓一致

主谓一致

1就近原则：Or/ nor/ there be

Either…or/ neither…nor

Not only … but also/ not…but

Eg: One or two friends are coming this evening.Neither I nor he is favor of her marrige.Either my grandsons or their father is coming.There is a boy and two girls in the classroom..→There are two girls and a boy in the classroom.2.as well as / along with /like /together with / rather than/ accept / including / accompainied by /besides / in addition to … 等词跟在主语后边，不看作是并列主语，其谓语动词的形式看 前面主语，即就前一致原则

3.主语为复数

（1）可数名词复数

（2）由both…and…连接或and连接表不同物.（3）集合名词作主语.如people,cattle,police.（4）the+adj.表一类人.（5）the+姓氏表一家人.（6）one or two +n.(pl)表一两个.（7）某些专有名词作主语。如the olympics.4.主语为单数

（1）and连接两个并列主语表同一物、同一概念或不可分割的两个事物.（2）each,every,no等词修饰主语.（3）不定代词作主语.（4）one and a half +n.(pl.)作主语.（5）either/neither / each/ everyone / any of+可数名词作主语(pl.).（6）many a /more than one+可数名词作主语

（7）抽象名词作主语：V-ing ,to不定式，主语从句作主语

（8）主语是时间、金钱、度量、距离

（9）主语是书名、戏剧名、报刊、杂志、国家、地名

第三篇：主谓一致（定稿）

主谓一致(Subject-verb Concord)主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系，可分为语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。1.语法一致

如果名词中心词是复数，动词就用复数形式；如果名词中心词不是复数，而是单数名词或不可数名词，动词便用单数形式，这种一致关系叫语法一致。例如：

Both boys have their own merits.Few students are really lazy.Each boy has his own book.Every girl comes on time.Either answer is correct.Much effort is wasted.2.意义一致和就近原则

有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义：比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词便用复数；反之主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词也用单数，这种一致关系叫意义一致。例如： Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.Fifty-six dollars was stolen from the cash register.(现金出纳机)有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语(主要指名词)的单、复数形式，这种一致关系叫就近原则。例如： Either my brother or my father is coming.Neither Julia nor I am going.3.以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题

1> 以-ics结尾的学科名称

某些以-ics结尾的学科名称，如physics(物理学)，mathematics(数学)，mechanics(机械学)，optics(气学)，acoustics(声学)，politics(政治学)，statistics(统计学)，economics(经济学)，linguistics(语言学)，tactics(兵法)，athletics(体育学)等，通常作单数用。例如：

Acoustics is the science of sound.2> 以-s结尾的地理名称

某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States(美国)，the United Nations(联合国)，the Netherlands(荷兰)等系单一政治实体，用作单数。但若不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称，如the West Indies(西印度群岛)，the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉)，the Straits of Gibraltar(直布罗陀海峡)等，用作复数。例如：

The Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉大瀑布)are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world.3> 其他以-s结尾的名词

凡是由-ings结尾的名词，如clippings(剪下来的东西)，diggings(掘出的东西)，earnings(收入)，filings(锉屑)，lodgings(租住的房间)，surroundings(环境)，sweepings(扫拢的垃圾)等，通常用作复数。例如： The clippings of the hedges are usually burt.但也有例外，如tidings(消息)既可作复数，也可作单数。Good tidings have cheered them up.The tidings has come a little too late.4.以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题

1> 通常作复数的集体名词，如police，people，cattle，militia，poultry(家禽)，vermin(害虫)等，谓语动词用复数。例如：

Such vermin as bugs and rats are hard to get rid of.2> 通常作不可数名词的集体名词，如foliage，machinery，equipment，furniture，merchandise(商品)等，谓语动词用单数。例如：

The merchandise has arrived undamaged.3> 既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词，如audience，committee，class，crew(全体船员或机组人员)，family，government，public等，如将该名词表示的集体视为一个整体，则动词用单数。例如： That group of soldiers is a top-notch fighting unit.That group of soldiers have the best ratings of inpidual performance.4> A committee,etc of +复数名词

如果主语是由“a committee of / a panel of / a(the)board of + 复数名词”构成，随后的动词用单数。例如：

A panel of distinguished people has been chosen to judge this competition.Exercise A Select an appropriate number form in brackets: 1.Their earnings(comes, come)to 500 dollars a week.2.Tidings(has, have)come that the British warship was sunk.3.This pair of trousers(costs, cost)fifty dollars.4.The New York Times(is, are)published daily.5.The British police(has, have)only very limited powers.6.That green foliage(was, were)restful.7.The government(is, are)doing its best to boost production.8.The government(has, have)discussed the matter for a long time but they have shown no signs of reaching an agreement.9.The football team(is, are)being organized.10.The football team(is, are)having baths and(is, are)then coming back here for tea.11.That family(is.are)a very happy one.12.The audience(is, are)listening to a Beethoven symphony.13.The class(is, are)taking notes,(its, their)pens scribbling quickly over(its, their)exercise books.14.Can you see that huge flock of birds in the distance?(It, They)(is, are)coming this way.15.Poultry(is, are)dear in the city.16.The public(was, were)convinced of his innocence.5.以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题

1> 由or/nor/either…or/neither…nor/not only…but also连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式按照“就近原则”。例如： Either my father or my brothers are coming.Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed.2> 主语+as much as/rather than / more than / no less than等引导的从属结构，随后的动词形式依主语本身的单复数而定。例如：

Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.3> 主语+as well as / in addition to / with / along with / together with / except等引导的词组时，其后的动词形式取决于主语本身的单复数。例如： The father, as well as his sons, is going to enroll.No one except two girls was late for dinner.The barn, in addition to the house, was burned.6.以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题

1> 如果数量概念被看作一个整体，动词用单数；如果被看作组成该数量的个体,则动词用复数。例如：

Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.These last three years have been full of surprises.2> 如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数(或百分数)+of –词组”构成，其动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定。例如：

Two thirds of the swampland(沼泽地)has been reclaimed(开垦).Over sixty percent of the city was destroyed in the war.Thirty-five percent of the doctors were women.3> 两数相减或相除，动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，动词可用单数，也可用复数。例如：

Forty minus fifteen(40-15)leaves twenty-five.Forty pided by eight(40÷8)is five.Seven and five(7+5)makes/make twelve.Five times eight(5*8)is/are forty.4> 如果主语由one in/one out of+复数名词构成，在正式语体中，动词用单数。例如：

One in ten students has failed the exam.One out of twenty was badly damaged.5> 如果主语是all of …，some of …，none of …，half of …，most of …，lots of …，heaps of …，loads of …，plenty of …等表示非确定数量的名词词组时，其后的动词形式依of-词组中的名词类别而定。例如： All of the cargo was lost.All of the crew were saved.Lots of food is going to waste.Lots of people are waiting outside.6> 如果主语是由a portion of，a series of，a pile of，a panel of，a kind /sort/ type of，this kind /sort/ type of+名词构成，动词用单数。例如： A series of accidents has been reported.This kind of apples is highly priced.7> 如果主语是由many a/ more than one+名词构成，动词用单数。例如：

Many a man has done his duty.More than one game was lost.7.分句中的主谓一致问题

1> 以名词性wh-分句作主语

用what, who, why, weather, how等wh-词引导的名词性分句作主语，其后动词用单数。例如：

What caused the accident is a complete mystery.2> 关系分句中的主谓一致问题

在one of+复数名词+关系分句结构中，动词用复数形式。例如： Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.如果在这类结构之前有定冠词the或者有the only等限定词，动词用单数形式。例如：

Keves is the only one of the players who has learned all the plays.3> There be 句型中，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于其后的主语。主语是单数，动词用单数；主语是复数，动词用复数。例如： There are three routes you can take.There is a note left on the desk.Exercise B Select an appropriate verb form from the two given in brackets.1.Milking the cows, in addition to several other chores,(was, were)his responsibility.2.Each men and each woman there(is, are)asked to help.3.Neither Lucy nor Carol(has, have)any money left.4.Not only one, but all, of us(is, are)hoping to be there.5.The ocean, as well as the gulf and the bay,(provides, provide)good fishing.6.John, rather than his roommates,(is, are)to blame.7.Two more dollars(is, are), missing from the morning.8.This kind of cars(is, are)highly priced.9.A number of pages(is, are)badly torn.10.The number of pages assigned for daily reading(was, were)gradually increased to twelve.11.All of the fruit(looks, look)ripe.12.Many a person in these circumstances(has, have)hoped for a long break.13.Every man, woman, and child(was, were)asked to contribute.14.Five times seven(is, are)thirty-five.15.Twenty-five from thirty-one(leaves, leave)six.16.Five and eight(is, are)thirteen.17.Six sevens(is, are)forty-two.18.Three-quarters of the area(is, are)cultivated.19.These type of cars(is, are)inexpensive, 20.The young(is, are)not always romantic.21.Who was responsible for these accidents(is, are)not yet clear.22.To know merely the main facts(is, are)not enough.23.She’s the only one of these women who(pays, play)bridge well.24.There(is, are)more than one member who(has, have)protested against the proposal.

第四篇：主谓一致

高中英语：主谓一致

概论：谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在意义一致、语法一致、承前一致以及就近一致几个方面。考点：

1.谓语动词用单数的情况 2.谓语动词用复数的情况 3.谓语动词单复数视情况而定

4.“名词(或代词)＋介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致 5.“名词(或代词)＋of＋名词”作主语时的主谓一致 6.定语从句中的主谓一致 7.就近原则&就前原则 解析：

一、语法一致原则：主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。The number of errors was surprising.We love our motherland.规则：

1.由and, both…and 连接两个单数名词谓语用复数，但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时谓语用单数。Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel.The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk.2.由and 连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时，谓语用复数。Good and bad meat in the market are sold out.3.凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词，谓语用复数，如果只有前一个名词带the(a 或物主代词)则谓语用单数。

The professor and the writer have published a few new books on radio.The tenth and last chapter is written by a young man.4.every/each/no 修饰单数名词，以及and连接的两个有every/each/no修饰的单数名词做主语时，谓语用单数形式。如：Every boy and every girl is having sports now.5.“more than one/many a＋单数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： More than one student has failed the exam.6.“one ＋单数名词and a half ” 做主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，如： He said that one and a half apples is enough.7.不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时，谓语通常用单数。Much milk is offered to him.Reading aloud is very important in learning English.To nod one’s head means agreement.What they said is true.8.不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody , no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anything, nothing, something, everything, everyone, everybody, neither等做主语时，谓语用单数，none做主语时，谓语单复数均可。There is nothing wrong with the machine.Either of the shirts fits me very well.None of the farmers has(have)been abroad.9.在四则运算中谓语单复数均可。

Three and four is(are)seven.Two times ten is(are)twenty.10.当a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great quantity of等短语做主语时，谓语与of后的名词保持一致。

There are plenty of eggs in the basket.Lots of meat has been sold out.考例：

As a result of destroying the forests, a large_______ of desert______ covered the land.A number, has

B quantity, has C number, have

D quantity, have(key:B)11.当分数或百分数+名词做主语时，谓语与后面的名词保持一致。Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.70 percent of people have known about the truth.考例：

_______ of the land in that district_______covered with trees and grass.A Two fifth, is B Two fifth, are C Two fifth, is D Two fifths, are(key:C)12.“a number of，a great/good many，a group of+复数名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，”the number of +复数名词做主语时，谓语用单数形式。The number of books is no more than 100, but a number of them is of little use.考例：

The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ______absent for different reasons.A were , was

B was, was

C was , were，D were, were(key C)a great deal of , a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语做主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，例如：

A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.13.在one of +复数名词+定语从句中如关系代词做主语引导定语从句时，谓语根据先行词来判断，若是one of结构，定语从句用复数，若是the(only)one of结构，定语从句用单数。

Zhou Xia is one of the girls who like hiking.Tian Lili is the only one of the girls who has passed the exam.考例：

He is the only of the students who_______ a winner of scholarship for three years.A is

B are

C have been

D has been(key D)

二、意义一致原则: 取决于主语所表达的内在含义。只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数；句子的主语是复数意义，则谓语用复数。例如：

The crowd were fighting for their lives.Three years in a strange land seems like a long time.规则：

1.由and 连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词做主语时，根据意义一致的原则确定单复数。

When and where to build the new factory ________yet.A is not decided

B are not decided C has not decided

D have not decided(key:A)2.不可数名词做主语，一律视为单数。以¬s结尾的国名、地名、机构名，书名，如：the United States, the United Nations等做主语，视为单数；有些不可数名词如：news, maths, physics 虽然以¬s结尾，但不是复数。Physics is not easy to understand.3.表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子做主语时，谓语动词用单数。“one, either, neither, each of＋复数名词或代词”做主语时，谓语用单数。如： When and where to go for the on¬salary holiday has not been decided yet.Either of the stories is very funny.4.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词做主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数。如：

Ten pounds was missing from the box.5.a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of，type of等修饰名词做主语时，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。如： This pair of trousers fits you.The kind of the apple tastes delicious.Two series of new stamps have been ordered.this kind of book =a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如： This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.6.the population of…“……的人口数量”作主语时，谓语用单数，但如果是分数/百分数/half of/the rest of＋the population 作主语时，谓语则用复数，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义，如： The population of China is large and about eighty percent of the population are farmers.注意：

the average of …“……的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。

7.“the ＋adj.”结构指人时，谓语动词用复数；如果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数，如：

The disabled are well taken care of in this country.8.分数、百分数，all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定，如： Most of the workers have gone home for a holiday.9.主语为集体名词时，如果表示一个整体，谓语 动词用单数；如果指其中的个体，谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见的有：army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, people, police, public, staff, team 等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成复数形式。而有的名词则是单数、复数相同，如sheep, deer, aircraft, mean, fish, works, species,等，做主语时，就必须根据意思来确定其谓语的单复数形式。His family were sitting in the sofa watching TV when I got there.Every possible means________ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A is used

B are used

C has been used D have been used(keys:C)10.当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语 动词用单数形式。另外，当and 连接两个形容词修饰 一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用 复数。如： War and peace is a constant theme in history.Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.注意：

英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：

iron and steel 钢铁

law and order 治安

bread and butter 黄油面包

a watch and chain 一块带链的表

a knife and fork 刀叉

truth and honesty 真诚 a coat and tie 配有领带的上衣

aim and end 目的

11.what 引导的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数形式。如：

What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study.12：such 做主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。如： Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.13：“quantities of＋名词” 做主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。如：Every day quantities of water are wasted.三、就近原则: 谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式。

例如：

Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there.Either my wife or I am going to work there.规则：

1.当连词or, not…but…； either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but(also)…等连接两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词的形式常与最靠近的词语保持一致。如：

Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.Either you or the headmaster______ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting(1994上海)A is handing out

B are to hand out

C are handing out

D is to hand out(key:D)2：在倒装句中，谓语与后面第一个主语的数保持一致（需认准主语是哪个）。如：In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.1)Between the two buildings

(stand)a monument.2)On the ship

(be)over 2,200 people.3)More than 1,500 people lost their lives.Among those

(be)the young woman.3.当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。如：

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.四、承前一致

1.由and 连接的第二个名词短语表示否定或带有状语时，谓语的单复数与第一个名词一致。

The teacher, and perhaps his students too, is likely to be present.2.主语+介词（短语）：with, except, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, over, besides, together with, like, including, in addition to等连接的名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前的主语为准，不受介词后的名词影响。The man with hs daughters and sons is watching TV.The girls as well as the teacher are dancing.考例：

1）E-mail, as well as telephones,______ an important role in our daily life(1999上海)A playing

B play

C plays

D have played(keys:C)2)A library with five thousand books_______ to the nation as a gift.(MET 1990)A is offered

B has offered

C are offered

D have offered(keys: A)3)The teacher , with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.(NMET2004 北京卷)A.was

B.were

C.had been

D.would be 4）Nobody but John and Helen

absent.I, rather than you，responsible for the accident.巩固练习：

1．The family as well as their dog ________ on the roof by the flood.A．was trapped

B．trapped

C．were trapped

D．trapping 2．Britain ________ many other industrialized countries, ________ major changes over the last 100 years.A．together with;have experienced

B．as well as;have experienced

C．in common with;has experienced

D．instead of;has experienced 3．Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes________ sent to the disaster¬hit area since the powerful earthquake occurred.A． has been

B． have been

C． is being

D． are being 4．Is it he or you ________ in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually?

A．who is

B．that is

C．who are

D．whom are 5．An average of about 100 emails a week ________ received.Such ________the case with Martin at present.A．are;are

B．is;is

C．is;are

D．are;is 6．Atlanta, as well as many other big cities, ________ once again becoming one of the commercial and cultural centers of the USA right now.A．is

B．are

C．has been

D．have been 7．More than one student in our class ________ to Shanghai Expo.A．has been

B．have been

C．is

D．are 8．More than ________ of the classmates in my class ________ fond of pop music.A．two third;is

B．two thirds;is

C．second third;are

D．two thirds;are 9．The teacher together with the students ________ discussing Writing Skills that ________ newly published in America.A．are;were

B．are;was

C．is;was

D．is;were 10．One third of the deer ________ by the wolves last night.A．was eaten

B．is eaten

C．were eaten

D．are eaten 11.The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ________ its soil and water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.A．has

B．do

C．is

D．are 12．Such poets as Shakespeare ________ widely read，of whose works，however，some ________ difficult to understand.A． are;are

B． is;is

C． are;is

D． is;are 13．Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A． is

B． are

C． has

D． have 14．The secretary and headmaster of the school ________ the meeting.A． were going to

B． are going to

C． are having

D． is to attend 15．Dr.Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ________ visit Beijing this summer.A． is going to

B． are going to

C． was going to

D． were going to 巩固练习答案：

1.[解析] C 考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可以看出，句子缺少谓语动词。as well as 当作介词使用，后面的成分不能作主语，主语是The family，在这里指的是一家人，所以谓语动词用复数形式。人是被洪水困住的，所以用被动语态。句意：那家人还有他们饲养的狗都被洪水困到了屋顶。2.[解析] C 考查主谓一致。in common with意为 “和……一样”，谓语动词单复数跟前面的主语保持一致。句意：与其他工业化国家一样，英国在过去100年里经历了重大的变化。A、B项第一空together with，as well as意思及用法与in common with类似，均错在第二空；D项instead of“而不是”，不合句意。

3.[解析] A 考查主谓一致。这里的主语是Some necessary equipment，所以谓语动词用单数形式。时间状语为“since＋过去时”，所以用完成时。

4.[解析] C 考查强调句型及主谓一致。此处为强调句 型，强调了主语 he or you，根据强调句型结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋ that/who＋其他”，首先排除 D；谓语的单复数根据所强调的主语he or you确定，or连接并列主语时采用就近一致原则，因此根据you确定谓语为are。

5.[解析] D 考查主谓一致。“an average of＋可数名词复数”，其后的谓语动词应该用复数；“the average of＋可数名词复数”，其后的谓语动词则应该用单数。such是指代前面的这样一件事，所以视为单数，故其后谓语动词应该用单数。由此可知选D。

6.[解析] A 考查主谓一致。主语由as well as连接，故谓语应和Atlanta一致；由语境可知要用一般现在时。

7.[解析] A 考查主谓一致。More than one修饰的名词谓语要求用单数形式。

8.[解析] D two thirds这里指代的是classmates，故谓语用复数。

9.[解析] C 考查主谓一致。主语由together with引导，谓语要和前面的主语一致；that指代Writing Skills，故谓语要用单数。由此可知答案。

10.[解析] C 考查主谓一致。deer的单复数形式相同，这里指三分之一的鹿，故用复数。

11.[解析] D 考查主谓一致。此处soil and water是主语，故用are。

12.[解析] A 考查主谓一致。第一空poets作主语，谓语用are，第二空some of his works作主语，表示复数的概念，依然用are。

13.[解析] C 考查主谓一致和时态。动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项。根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A，选C。14.[解析] D 考查主谓一致。只有and前的名词前有冠词，表示“书记兼校长”，指同一个人，选D。

15.[解析] A 考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语是Dr.Smith，表单数，谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语是this summer, 表计划性的将来，故时态用一般将来时。1—5 ACDAB 6—10ABADD 11—15CCACA

第五篇：主谓一致

代词及其指代一致

一、代词的指代

1.that的指代作用： that指代不可数名词和单数可数名词（如是复数，用those），后面

通常跟有修饰语，如出现在比较结构中的that of 如：

Conversation calls for a willingness to alternate the role of speaker with that of listener，and it calls for occasional “digestive pauses” by both.这里that指代前面的the role.No bread eaten by men is so sweet as that earned by his own labour.2.one的指代作用

one指代带不定冠词的单数可数名词，复数为ones.the one指代带定冠词的单数可数名词。如：

A good writer is ________ who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way.[A] that [B]he [C]one [D]this 答案为[C] 3.do的替代作用。do代替动词，注意数和时态的变化。如：

For him to be re-elected，what is essential is not that his policy works，but that the public believe that it does.二。代词指代一致问题

代词指代一致是指指代的名词在性、数、格上是否一致，或者所照应的名词词组在某些方面保持一致。

Each cigarette a person smokes does some harm，and eventually he may get a serious disease form its effect.这里he指代前面的person.It was during the 1920's that the friendship between the two American writers Hemingway

and Fitzgerald reached its highest point.这里its指代前面的两人的friendship.Our department was monitored by two supervisors，Bill and me.这里me必须用宾格形式。

代词指代一致必须注意以下几个原则和规律：

1.邻近和靠近原则

由either … or，neither…nor，not only…but（also）连接先行词时候，如果两个先行词在数和性上保持一致，就用其相应的一直的人称代词；如果两个先行词在数或性上不一致，人称代词一般与邻近的先行词在数和性上保持一致。

Neither Mary nor Alice has her key with her.Neither the package nor the letters have reached their destination If either David or Janet comes，he or she will want a drink 2.当each，everyone，everybody，no one，none，anybody，someone，somebody用作主语或主语的限定词时候，或者anything，nothing，something everything等不定代词作主语时候，其相应的代词一般按照语法一致原则，采取单数形式。如：

Everybody talked at the top of his voice.None of the boys can do it，can he？

Everything is ready，isn't it“

3.当主语为复数形式，后跟each作同位语时，如果each位于动词之前，其后的代词或相应的限定词用复数形式；如果 each位于动词之后，其后的代词或相应的限定词用单数形式。如：

They each have two coats we are each responsible for his own family 4.由and连接两个先行词，代词用复数

如：the tourist and businessmen lost their luggage in the accident

（三）主谓一致问题

主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数上要一致。把握主谓一致问题，考生主要解决的是对不同结构的主语单复数的认定，进而选择适当的谓语。解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：

语法一致原则 意义一致原则 就近一致原则

很多情况下应该综合利用这三个原则来处理主谓一致，在不同情况下可能应用三个原则中的不同原则，具体应用哪种原则应该视具体情况而定。总结如下：

一。谓语动词用单数的情况

1.动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。如：

Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the cones that fit him or her.（1987年考研题）

To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far.2.表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。

Two weeks was too long Five times five makes twenty five 3.一般用and连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候，谓语用复数，但是下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念，谓语用单数：

law and order 法制 soap and water 肥皂水

a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子 fork and knife 刀叉

the needle and thread 针线 trial and error 反复尝试，不断摸索

horse and carriage 马车 time and tide 岁月

bread and butter 奶油面包 the ebb and flow 盛衰，潮涨潮落

如： If law and order ________ not preserved，neither the citizen nor his property is safe.A.is B.are C.was d.were 答案：A.4.表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式，作主语时候谓语动词用单数形式

Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.5.有些名词形式上是复数，意义上是单数，根据意义一致原则动词用单数

The chaos was stopped by the police The news is a great encouragement to us A series of debates between the lectures was scheduled for the next weekend.6.用and 连接的成份表示一个单一概念时候，动词谓语用单数形式

Bread and butter is our daily food Time and tide waits for no man 二。谓语用复数情况

1.由and，both …and，连接的并列主语，和both，a few，many，several 等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式。

Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college.2.集体名词police，public，militia，cattle，class，youth后常用复数形式的动词

The Chinese people are brave and hardworking The cattle are grazing in the sunshine 3.当表示民族的词与冠词合用当主语，谓语动词用复数形式

The Japanese were once very aggressive 4.某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人，做主语时候，谓语动词用复数

The rich are not always selfish 5.不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数

Three million tons of coal were exported that year 三。谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数的情况

1.就近一致原则

这种情况下，谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近该动词的主语的单复数，存在这种情况的主要由以下几种可能：

1）由连词 either…or…； neither…nor…； whether… or…；not only…but（also）；or 等连接的并列主语

Neither money nor fame has influence on me Not only you but also he is wrong 2）在倒装结构中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语一致

Blocking the open-sided porch，framed by the enveloping fog，stands a tall grave-faced policeman.Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.Although a great number of houses in that area are still in need of repair，there has been improvement in the facili 2.主语带有（together/along）with，such as，accompanied by，as well as，no less than，except，besides，with，combined with，in addition to，including，together with 等等附加成分，谓语的数不受附加成分的影响仍然与主语保持一致

Professor Taylor，with six of his students，is attending a conference in Boston organized to compare current practice in the United States with those of other nations.The president of the college，together with the deans，is planning a conference for the

purpose of laying down certain regulations.（1981年考研题）

3.关系代词做主语的定语从句中，谓语的数要与先行词一致。如：

Despite much research，there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that are not fully understood.（1996年考研题）

There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for，but which do not bring a return in money to the community.（1990年考研题）

4.一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时候，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数，名词是复数，谓语动词用复数，反之就用单数。这些短语包括：a lot of /lots of； plenty of/heaps of； half of； two-third（three-fourth…）of； eighty（ten，twenty…）percent； part of； rest of ； none of 等等

Two-thirds of people present are women Lots of damage was caused by the fire 5.集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意思和数，当表示整体时候，谓语动词就用单数，当强调集体中的个体时候，谓语动词就用复数。这些集体名词如：army，audience，band，government，group，flock，police，public，staff，team，troop.Crowd，firm，family 等等

The family is the basic unit of our society The family were watching the TV The audience was enormous The audience were greatly moved at the words 6.某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数：

第一组：

a great many + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数

a number of + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数

the majority of + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数

第二组；

the number of + 可数名词复数 谓语用单数

each/every + 可数名词复数 谓语用单数

neither/either of + 可数名词复数 one and a half + 可数名词复数 第三组；

more than one + 可数名词单数

many a + 可数名词单数 第四组；

the greater part of a large proportion of 50% of one third of plenty of the rest of 谓语的数与of 后面的名词一致 第五组；

（n）either…（n）or…。

not only……… but also ……

谓语用单数 谓语用单数 谓语用单数 谓语用单数 7

not ………but ……

谓语的数与主语的第二部分（即（n）or/ but also/ but引导的后面部分）一致。

注意比较：

More students than one have been referred to More than one student is going to buy this book

在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。

（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is working on the farm./ To study English well is not easy./ What he said is very important for us all./ The children were in the classroom two hours ago./ Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books./ What I say and do is(are)helpful to you.2、由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily are twins./ She and I are classmates./ The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news./ Both she and he are Young Pioneers.注意：① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come.;/ ② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room../ No boy and no girl likes it.3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China./ Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground./ She, like you and Tom, is very tall.4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book./ Everything around us is matter.注意：① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is(are)interesting.② 若none of后面的名词

是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has(have)been to America.5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard./ He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor./ Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child.7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom./ The rest of the lecture is wonderful./ 50% of the students in our class are girls.注意： a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。

8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures./ Such is the result./ Such are the facts.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。

1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well./ All have gone to Beijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is(are)left on the table.5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty./ Fifty-six pided by eight is seven.6、一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990./ I think physics isn’t easy to study.7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken./ The pair of shoes under the bed is his.8、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。

（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一

致。

1、当两个主语由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends./ Neither they nor he is wholly right./ Is neither he nor they wholly right?

2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room..注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。练习：主谓一致

1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.A.am

B.is

C.are

D.be 2.The rich ____ not always happy.A.are

B.is

C.has

D.have 3.Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.A.are

B.am

C.is

D.was 4.Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.A.are studying

B.have studied

C.studies

D.study 5.Neither my father nor I ____ at home.A.am

B.is

C.are

D.be 6.Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting.Both of us ____ good painters., A.are;are

B.am;am

C.ani;are

D.is;is 7.Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.A.wish

B.wishes

C.is like

D.like 8.Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.A.was

B.is

C.would be

D.are 9.The population of China ____ larger than that of.any other country in the world.A.is

B.are

C.has

D.have 10.Every means ____ tried but without any result.A.have been

B.is to be

C.are to be

D.has been 11.Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.A.was punished

B.punished

C.were punished

D.being punished 12.The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the.meeting this afternoon.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.is being 13.The great writer and professor____.A.is an old man

B.are both old men C.is an old man and a young man

D.were two Chinese 14.There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.A.are

B.is

C.has

D.have 15.A large number of students in our class____ girls.A.are

B.was

C.is

D.be

16.The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are.A.doesn' t change

B.don't change

C.change

D.changed 17.The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.A.is

B.are

C.was

D.were 18.Chairman Mao' s works ____ published.A.has been

B.have been

C.was

D.is 19.A chemical works____ built there.A.is to being

B.have been

C.were to

D.has been 20.The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.A.is;four

B.are;four

C.is;five

D.are;five 21.The United States of America

one of the most developed countries in the world.A.is

B.are

C.was

D.were 22.He is the only one of die students who ____ elected.A.are

B.have

C.has

D.is 23.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.A.have

B.has

C.have been

D.has been 24.Many a man ____ come to help us.A.have

B.has

C.is

D.are 25.“All____ present and all____ going on well,” our monitor said.A.is;is

B.are;are

C.are;is

D.is;are 26.The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A.is searching for

B.were searching for C.are searching for

D.were searching 27.Your trousers____ dirty.You must have____ washed.A.is;il

B.are;it

C.are;them

D.is;them 28.This pair of trouseis ____ too long for him.A.is

B.be

C.are

D.were 29.One and a half bananas ____ left on the table.A.is

B.are

C.has

D.have 30.Eight times eight ____ sixty-four.A.is

B.are

C.get

D.equal 31.Ten minutes____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.A.seems

B.seem

C.seemed

D.seemes 32.____of the money____ nm out.A.Three-fifth;has

B.Three-fifth;has been C.Three-fifths;has

D.Three-fifths;have 33.The whole class ____ the teacher attentively.A.are listening to

B.is listening to

C.are listening

D.is listening 34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which___ more difficult.A.is

B.are

C.was

D.were 35.Between the two rows of trees ____ the teaching building.A.stand

B.stands

C.standing

D.are 36.Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation.A.is needed

B.has-needed

C.are needed

D.need 37.That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.all 38.What we need____ good textbooks.A.is

B.are

C.have

D.has 39.What you said just now____ the matter we are discussing.A.have something to at

B.has something to do with C.had something to do with

D.has been something to do with 40.More than one member ____ against the plan.A.is

B.are

C.has

D.have 41.When and where to build the new factory ____ yet.A.has not decided

B.is not decided C.are not decided

D.have not decided 42.Half of the fruit ____ bad.A.are

B.has

C.is

D.have 43.____ either of your parents come to see you recently? A.Have

B.Had

C.Has

D.Is 44.Mathematics ____ the language of science.A.are

B.are going to be C.is

D.is to be 45.My family ____ small.A.is

B.were

C.are

D.makes 46.The following ____ some other examples.A.are

B.is

C.was

D.were 47.They both have some friends;but his ____ more active.A.is

B.will be

C.was

D.are 48.Both rice and wheat ____ grown in that country.A.is

B.are

C.was

D.has 49.Early to bed and early to rise ____ a good habit.A.are

B.is

C.were

D.was 50.To play basketball and to go swimming ____ useful for character-training.A.was

B.is

C.are

D.were 51.Either he or I ____ to attend the mass meeting this evening.A.is

B.am

C.are

D.be

52.____ either he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening.A.is

B.am

C.are

D.be 53.An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, ____ to be built here.A.are

B.were

C.is

D.will 54.She as well as her brother ____ a League member.A.are

B.were

C.will

D.is 55.His family ____ a big one.Now the family ____ watching TV.A.is, are

B.are, is

C.is, is

D.are, are 56.It is I who ____ going to attend the meeting tomorrow.A.is

B.am

C.are

D.be 57.More than 60% of the students ____ the countryside.A.is

B.are

C.is from D.are from 58.Many a man ____ the novel.A.has read B.have read C.is read D.are read 59.Tom is the only one of the students who ____ going to swim this afternoon.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.were 60.Here ____ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.A.are

B.is

C.was

D.were 13