下载文档第一篇：形容词图片
trees
short------tall 矮的-------高的
（1）long长的
（2）
short 短的
elephant大象 fat肥的
monkey猴子 thin瘦的
big---------small 大的--------小的
beautiful美丽的
light轻的
heavy重的
broken坏的，破的
pocket口袋(pockets)
10+10=20 5-2=3(easy)
525-127+308= 189+165+158=
hard困难的
第二篇：形容词
A:形容词
1、形容词及其用法
形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。
2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。
（错）He is an ill man.（对）The man is ill.（ill是叙述形容词）
（错）She is an afraid girl.（对）The girl is afraid.（afraid是叙述形容词）
这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。
3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：
something nice
2.以-ly结尾的形容词
1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly（致命的），lovely，lonely，likely（很可能的），lively（生动活泼的），ugly（丑的），brotherly（兄弟般的），仍为形容词。
改错：(错）She sang lovely.（错）He spoke to me very friendly.（对）Her singing was lovely.（对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。
Daily（日常的，每日的），weekly，monthly，yearly，early（早期的）
The Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.用形容词表示类别和整体
1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry
The poor are losing hope.2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。
the British，the English，the French，the Chinese.The English have wonderful sense of humor.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：
限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)--出处--材料性质，类别--名词
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car 典型例题: 1）Tony is going camping with ___ boys.A.little two other B.two little other C.two other little
D.little other two
答案：C。由“限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)--性质--名词”的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.A.old Chinese stone
B.Chinese old stone C.old stone Chinese D.Chinese stone old 答案A.几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。
5下列几类形容词也没有比较等级：
(1)表示“终极”意义或绝对概念的形容词或副词。如： blind, dead, living, full, perfect(ly), round, wrong等。
(2)表示时间、方位或方向的形容词或副词。如：back, backward（向后）, forward（向前）, front, past, monthly, weekly, present, southern, 等。
(3)部分表示事物性质、物质材料或结构成分的形容词。如： cultural, educational, golden, scientific, urban, wooden等。
(4)本身具有“最”或“唯一”概念的形容词。如： mere（仅仅的）, minimal（极少的、最小的）, matchless（无敌的）, sole（仅有的、唯一的）, only unique（独一无二的）等。6形容词作定语时的后置
a.前面我们讲到形容词作定语时，位置要放在所修饰的名词前面，但当它带有表示量度的词或词组时，定语后置。
They have built a bridge a hundred meters long.他们建成了一座一百米长的桥。
Last year we built a building thirteen storeys（楼层，pl.）high.去年，我们盖了一栋十三层的高楼。
b.带有表示量度的词或词组，作表语时，也后置。The bridge is a hundred meters long.这座桥长达一百米。The building is thirteen storeys high.这个大楼有十三层高。注意
量度词组变成合成语时，作定语用，放在名词前。They have built a two-hundred-meter-long bridge.他们已经修建了一座长二百米的桥。
Last year we built a thirteen-storey-high building.去年我们建了一座高十三层的大楼。
c.另外，一些形容词或形容词词组常用来放在句首、句中或句尾，作状语。He returned home, tired and hungry.他又累又饿地回到了家。
Cold and hungry, he walked in the street.又冷又饿，他走在街道上。
B: 副词及其基本用法 副词的种类、用法和位置
副词在句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。用来表示时间、场所、状态及程度。1.副词的种类
（1）时间副词
①表示大体时间：now,then,yesterday,today, tonight,before,justnow,recently,so far
②表示频率：always,usually,often,sometimes.seldom(很少),never
③其它作用：already,yet,late,early,soon,at once（立刻，同时）,immediately,at first,at last,finally
（2）地点副词
①表地点：here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere，Nowhere（无处、哪里都不）,somewhere.②表位置关系（后接宾语时，用作介词）：above,below,round,around,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along,over，Away（在某距离处）,near,off,past
（3）方式副词表示谓语动词“怎样地”，（此类副词大部分由形容词加ly构成）：badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully,carelessly,nervously,proudly,patiently,politely,sadly,properly,rapidly,wrongly,suddenly.（4）程度副词 多数用来修饰形容词或副词：much,（a）little,a bit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly(几乎、将近、差不多),almost,hardly（几乎没有）
（5）疑问副词 构成特殊疑问句：how,when, where,why
（6）连接副词 连接主语、宾语或表语从句：how,when,where,why
（7）关系副词 引导定语从句：when,where,why
（8）其它性质的副词对整个句子进行说明，一般用逗号与主句隔开：
frankly（坦率地说,说真的），generally（一般说来），luckily（幸运地是），first of all（首先）等。
1.地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句末 注意
地点副词作定语时要后置，不属于这种情况。有时少数地点副词和时间副词可以作定语，放在所修饰词的后边。
The students here are all from China.I'll wait for you here.（地点副词）我将在这儿等你。
I'll meet him at the station tomorrow.（时间副词）明天我将去车站接他。
Tomorrow I'll meet him at the station.注意
有时为了强调时间，也可把时间副词放在句首。The boy wrote the homework quickly.（方式副词）这个男孩子写作业很快。
They did their experiments carefully in the lab yesterday.昨天他们在实验室认真地做实验。
The students all worked well here last week 这些学生上周在这里都做得很好
2.频度副词在句中位置有以下两种
a.在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后。She is always kind to us（be动词）她对我们总是很好。
I can never forget the day.（情态动词）我永远也不能忘掉这一天。
The work has never been done.助动词 助动词（频度副词never放在第一个助动词has的后面）
这件工作永远也做不完。b.在实义动词之前
He often goes to school early.(实义动词）他常常早到校。
3.程度副词有下列二种情况
a.修饰动词时,它在句中的位置与频度副词的情况相似。He is almost forty years old.（在be动词之后）他快四十岁了。
（注意，如果句末同时有几个副词，它的基本顺序是：方式副词+地点副词+时间副词。）He can hardly understand you.（在情态动词之后）他几乎听不懂你的活。
b.修饰形容词、副词时，放在它所修饰的词的前面。He studies much harder now.现在他学习努力多了。
The room is big enough to hold fifty persons.（enough修饰形容词）这个房间够大的可以容纳50人。
He runs fast enough.（enough修饰副词）他跑得够快的。
注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
改错：(错)I very like English.(对)I like English very much.注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
I don't know him well enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.兼有两种形式的副词
1)close与closely
close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地”
He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.2)late 与lately
late意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近”
You have come too late.What have you been doing lately? 3)deep与deeply
deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the film.4)high与highly
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much
The plane was flying high.I think highly of（高度赞扬）your opinion.5)wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”
He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.6)free与freely
free的意思是“免费”；freely 的意思是“无限制地”
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely;say what you like.7某些副词在用法上的区别
(1)already, yet, still
already表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：
We've already watched that film.I haven't finished my homework yet.He still works until late every night.(2)too, as well, also, either
too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。
either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.He didn't go there either.I like you as well.I also went there.形容词与副词的比较级
⑴ 规则变化
变化规则 1.一般在词尾直接加-er或-est Tall-taller-tallest, long-longer-longest
2.以不发音的字母e 结尾的单词在词尾直接加-r 或-st Nice-nicer-nicest, large-larger-largest
3.以辅音字母+ 结尾的词，把 y变为i，再加er 或 est Heavy-heavier-heaviest Happy-happier-happiest
4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er 或 est Big-bigger-biggest Fat-fatter-fattest
5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more 构成比较级和most 构成最高级 Slowly-more slowly-most slowly
Beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
⑵ 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级 Good/well better best Bad/ill/badly worse Worst Many/much more most little less least
far Farther/further Farther/further old Older/elder Oldest/eldest
其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：
Of all the boys，he sings(the)most beautifully.9.as + 形容词或副词原级 + as
1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so„ as。
He cannot run so/as fast as you.2）当as„ as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。
as +形容词+ a +单数名词
as + many/much +名词
This is as good an example as the other is.I can carry as much paper as you can..3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。
This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.4)倍数+ as + adj.+ as <=> 倍数+ the+ n.+ of
This bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine.10.比较级形容词或副词 + than
You are taller than I.They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.注意：
1）要避免重复使用比较级。
(错)He is more cleverer than his brother.(对)He is more clever than his brother.(对)He is clever than his brother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(错)China is larger that any country in Asia.(对)China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。
比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.11可修饰比较级的词
1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等
2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
典型例题:
1）----Are you feeling ____?
----Yes，I'm fine now.A.any well B.any better C.quite good D.quite better
答案：B.any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.A.more B.much more C.much
D.more much 答案：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。
3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.A.the happiest time B.a more happier time C.much happiest time D.a much happier time 答案：D。many,old 和 far
1)如果后接名词时，much more +不可数名词
many more +可数名词复数
2)old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。
My elder brother is an engineer.Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.3)far 有两种比较级，farther，further.在英语中两者都可指距离。
在美语中，father 表示距离，further表示进一步。
I have nothing further to say.13.the + 最高级 + 比较范围
1)The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。
形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。
It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2)下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意：
a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。
This is the very best.This is much the best.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。
Africa is the second largest continent.3)句型转换：
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4)“否定词语+比较级”，“否定词语+ so„ as”结构表示最高级含义。
Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.14.和more有关的词组 1)the more„ the more„ 越„„就越„„
The harder you work，the greater progress you'll make.2)more B than A 与其说A不如说B
less A than B
He is more lazy than slow at his work.= He is less slow than lazy at his work.3)no more„ than„ 与„„一样„„，不比„„多
The officials(官员)could see no more than the Emperor（皇帝）.no less„ than„ 与„„一样„„
He is no less diligent（勤奋）than you.4)more than 不只是，非常
She is more than kind to us all.典型例题
1）The weather in China is different from____.A.in America B.one in America C.America D.that in America 答案：D.本题意为“中国的天气比美国热。”比较的是天气而不是国家，C不能选。A没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用来代替可数名词，而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选D。
2）After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced ___ tractors（拖拉机）in 1988 as the year before.A.as twice many B.as many twice C.twice as many D.twice many as 答案C.此句意为“这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍”。
表示倍数用“倍数+ as + 形容词原形+ as +比较对象”的句型。所以此句答案为C。
This ruler is three times as long as that one.重点提示：
常见比较级五句型
1> Who / Which + be +比较级 , A or B ?
Who is taller, Tom or John?
Which is more expensive, a bicycle or a computer?
2> ~ + be + the 比较级 + of the two.(两个之中比较„的那一个，~包含在两个之中)
Tom is the taller of the two.= Tom is taller than the other boy.3> much / a lot / even / far + 比较级
A compute is much more expensive than a bicycle.计算机比自行车贵多了。
4> “The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级...”, 表示 “ 越...就越...”。
The more you study, the more you know.你学的越多, 就知道的越多。
5> “ 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ”, 表示 “ 越来越...”。
The computer is cheaper and cheaper.计算机越来越便宜。
/ 3)最高级不一定就是第一
1> Who / Which + be +最高级, A, B, or C ?
Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack, or David? Tom, Jack与David三个人中谁最高？
Which is the most expensive, a bicycle, a motorcycle, or a car? 自行车，摩托车和汽车，哪一个最贵？
2> ~ + be + one of the +最高级 +复数名词, 表示“最„„的„„之一”。
The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.黄河是中国最长的河流之一。
3> “„+ be +the + 序数词 +最高级 +单数名词 + 范围”, 表示“„„是„„.的第几„„”。
She is the second tallest student in our class.她是我们班第二高的学生。
4> ~ + be + the 最高级 ~ that 某人 have/ has ever + 过去分词.This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.这是我看过的最有趣的书。没有比较级的形容词和副词
第三篇：as 形容词 as
as + 形容词或副词原级 + as 1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so„ as。例如：
He cannot run so/as fast as you.他没你跑得快。
2）当as„ as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词。例如：
This is as good an example as the other is.这个例子和另外一个一样好。
I can carry as much paper as you can.你能搬多少纸，我也能。
3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如：
This room is twice as big as that one.这房间的面积是那间的两倍。
Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的一样大。
4）倍数+ as + adj.+ as <=> 倍数+ the „ + of。例如：
This bridge is three times as long as that one.这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。
This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.你的房间是我的两倍大。
Your room is twice the size of mine.2)在该结构的两个as之间通常接形容词或副词的原级，但若涉及数量或程度，可用“as much+不可数名词+as”和“as many+复数名词+as”。如：
You’ve made as many mistakes as I have.你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。I haven’t got as much money as I thought.我不像原来想像的有那么多钱。其间接形容词时，有时该形容词还可修饰另一名词，但这个名词应带有不定冠词(注意词序)。如：
She is as good a teacher as her mother.她和她妈妈一样是位好老师。也可说。如：She is a teacher as good as her mother.但不说。如：She is as a good teacher as her mother./ They are as good teachers as us.(3)第二个as后接从句时，该as通常为连词，但有时这个as还充当其后从句的主语或宾语，此时该as实为关系代词。如：
I gave him as much as he could eat.他能吃多少，我就给了他多少。
We’ve got food for as many people as want it.我们的食物，无论多少人吃都够了。(4)该结构根据情况可用使用以下修饰语。如：(not)nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, one-ten, twice, three times, 30 per cent等，并且这些修饰语必须置于第一个as之前，而不能置于其后。如：
He doesn’t play half as well as his sister.他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。This dress is twice as expensive as that.这件连衣裙比那件贵一倍。(5)若第二个as引导一个表示将来意义的从句，则该从句可用现在时表示将来，也可直接使用将来时态。如：
We’ll get there as soon as you do [will].你一到，我们就到。(from www.teniu.cc)(6)在非正式场合(尤其是美国英语中)，有时可以省略第一个as。如：
When over forty, he married a woman poor as himself.他在40多岁时娶了一个像他本人一样穷的女人。
另外，若意思明确，有时可省略第二个as及其后的相关词语。如：
The radios in that shop will be cheaper, but not as good.那家商店的收音机会便宜些，但质量没那么好。take up 开始从事When did he take up football? 他是什么时候开始踢足球的? 占用;化去The work took up all his time.那工作花费了他所有的时间。take-up名词 n.拿起;抬起;举起 2.拉紧;收紧;卷紧3.(照相机等的)卷片装置4.【纺】织缩;卷取 take up 1.占去,占据;开始从事;拿起,接收take up占去,占据;开始从事;拿起,接收 2.拿起；着手处理；占去take up 拿起；着手处理；占去
3.开始(学习或某种爱好)；从事；提出；接受;占(时间，空间等)；拿起；接纳(乘客等)take up 开始(学习或某种爱好)；从事；提出；接受;占(时间，空间等)；拿起；接纳(乘客等)
第四篇：形容词
★ 形容词：
1.贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2.富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 3.优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 4.积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5.消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable 6.明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 7.健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 8.惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 9.美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 10.有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated 11.流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive 1.Everywhere 普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant 2.Good 好的Beneficial、Advantageous 3.Harmful 有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful 4.Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent 5.Poor 贫穷的Impoverished 7.Serious 严重的Severe 8.Obvious 明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident 9.cheap 便宜的Economical、Inexpensive ★ 动词：
1.提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize 2.引起：cause = trigger = endanger 3.解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 4.拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate 5.培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture 6.激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 7.认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue 8.完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 9.保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold 10.有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize 11.减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten 1.Improve 提高：Promote、Advance、Enhance 2.change 改变：Transform 3.Emphasize 强调：Highlight、Stress、Address(这是个9星级用法)4.Develop培养：Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture 5.Break 破坏：Impair、Undermine这两个词指的是抽象意义上的破坏Jeopardize、Devastate 6.Keep 保存Preserve、Conserve 保护资源
7.deal With解决Tackle、Address（这也是高难度用法，很牛）、Resolve 8.need 需要Require、necessitate、call for ★ 名词：
1.影响：influence= impact 2.危险：danger = perils =hazard 3.污染：pollution = contamination 4.人类：human beings= mankind = human race 5.老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens 6.幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being 7.老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers 8.教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing 9.青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents 10.优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue 11.责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability 12.能力： ability = capacity = power = skill 13.职业： job = career = employment = profession 14.娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment 15.孩子： children = offspring = descendant= kid 1.Forefather 祖先Ancestor、Predecessor 2.Difference不同Gap（简单但是牛）、Distinction 3.Crime 犯罪Delinquency、Criminal Act 4.Environment 环境Circumstance、Atmosphere、Surrounding、Ambience 5.Pollution 污染Contamination 6.Human 人类The human race Humanity Humankind 7.Danger 危险Peril、Hazard 8.In modern society 在当今社会In contemporary society In present-day society In this day and age ★ 短语：
1.充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with 2.努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for 3.从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for 4.在当代: in contemporarysociety = in present-day society= in this day and age 5.大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of ★ 插入语
1.indeed的确，2.surely无疑，3.however然而，4.obviously显然，5.frankly坦率地说，6.naturally自然，7.luckily(或happily)for sb.算某人幸运，8.fortunately/luckily幸好，9.honestly真的，10.briefly简单地说, 11.strange to say说也奇怪，12.needless to say不用说，13.most impor tant of all最为重要是，13.worse still更糟糕的是，14.in a few words(或in sum，in short)简而言之，15.in other words换句话说，16.in a sense在某种意义上，17.in general一般说来，18.in my view在我看来，19.in conclusion总之，20.in summary概括地说，21.in fact事实上，22.in the first place首先，23.in addition此外，24.of course当然，25.to my knowledge据我所知，26.for instance(或example)例如，27.as a matter of fact事实上, 28.strictly speaking严格地说，29.generally speaking一般地说，30.judging from…根据……判断, 31.to be sure无疑，32.to sum up概括地说，33.to tell the truth老实说, 34.I am sure我可以肯定地说，7.老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers 8.教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing 9.青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents 10.优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue 11.责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability 12.能力： ability = capacity = power = skill 13.职业： job = career = employment = profession 14.娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment 15.孩子： children = offspring = descendant= kid 1.Forefather 祖先Ancestor、Predecessor 2.Difference不同Gap（简单但是牛）、Distinction 3.Crime 犯罪Delinquency、Criminal Act 4.Environment 环境Circumstance、Atmosphere、Surrounding、Ambience 5.Pollution 污染Contamination 6.Human 人类The human race Humanity Humankind 7.Danger 危险Peril、Hazard 8.In modern society 在当今社会In contemporary society In present-day society In this day and age ★ 短语：
1.充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with 2.努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for 3.从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for 4.在当代: in contemporarysociety = in present-day society= in this day and age 5.大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of ★ 插入语
1.indeed的确，2.surely无疑，3.however然而，4.obviously显然，5.frankly坦率地说，6.naturally自然，7.luckily(或happily)for sb.算某人幸运，8.fortunately/luckily幸好，9.honestly真的，10.briefly简单地说, 11.strange to say说也奇怪，12.needless to say不用说，13.most impor tant of all最为重要是，13.worse still更糟糕的是，14.in a few words(或in sum，in short)简而言之，15.in other words换句话说，16.in a sense在某种意义上，17.in general一般说来，18.in my view在我看来，19.in conclusion总之，20.in summary概括地说，21.in fact事实上，22.in the first place首先，23.in addition此外，24.of course当然，25.to my knowledge据我所知，26.for instance(或example)例如，27.as a matter of fact事实上, 28.strictly speaking严格地说，29.generally speaking一般地说，30.judging from…根据……判断, 31.to be sure无疑，32.to sum up概括地说，33.to tell the truth老实说, 34.I am sure我可以肯定地说，7.老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers 8.教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing 9.青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents 10.优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue 11.责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability 12.能力： ability = capacity = power = skill 13.职业： job = career = employment = profession 14.娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment 15.孩子： children = offspring = descendant= kid 1.Forefather 祖先Ancestor、Predecessor 2.Difference不同Gap（简单但是牛）、Distinction 3.Crime 犯罪Delinquency、Criminal Act 4.Environment 环境Circumstance、Atmosphere、Surrounding、Ambience 5.Pollution 污染Contamination 6.Human 人类The human race Humanity Humankind 7.Danger 危险Peril、Hazard 8.In modern society 在当今社会In contemporary society In present-day society In this day and age ★ 短语：
1.充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with 2.努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for 3.从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for 4.在当代: in contemporarysociety = in present-day society= in this day and age 5.大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of ★ 插入语
1.indeed的确，2.surely无疑，3.however然而，4.obviously显然，5.frankly坦率地说，6.naturally自然，7.luckily(或happily)for sb.算某人幸运，8.fortunately/luckily幸好，9.honestly真的，10.briefly简单地说, 11.strange to say说也奇怪，12.needless to say不用说，13.most impor tant of all最为重要是，13.worse still更糟糕的是，14.in a few words(或in sum，in short)简而言之，15.in other words换句话说，16.in a sense在某种意义上，17.in general一般说来，18.in my view在我看来，19.in conclusion总之，20.in summary概括地说，21.in fact事实上，22.in the first place首先，23.in addition此外，24.of course当然，25.to my knowledge据我所知，26.for instance(或example)例如，27.as a matter of fact事实上, 28.strictly speaking严格地说，29.generally speaking一般地说，30.judging from…根据……判断, 31.to be sure无疑，32.to sum up概括地说，33.to tell the truth老实说, 34.I am sure我可以肯定地说，7.老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers 8.教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing 9.青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents 10.优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue 11.责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability 12.能力： ability = capacity = power = skill 13.职业： job = career = employment = profession 14.娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment 15.孩子： children = offspring = descendant= kid 1.Forefather 祖先Ancestor、Predecessor 2.Difference不同Gap（简单但是牛）、Distinction 3.Crime 犯罪Delinquency、Criminal Act 4.Environment 环境Circumstance、Atmosphere、Surrounding、Ambience 5.Pollution 污染Contamination 6.Human 人类The human race Humanity Humankind 7.Danger 危险Peril、Hazard 8.In modern society 在当今社会In contemporary society In present-day society In this day and age ★ 短语：
1.充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with 2.努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for 3.从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for 4.在当代: in contemporarysociety = in present-day society= in this day and age 5.大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of ★ 插入语
1.indeed的确，2.surely无疑，3.however然而，4.obviously显然，5.frankly坦率地说，6.naturally自然，7.luckily(或happily)for sb.算某人幸运，8.fortunately/luckily幸好，9.honestly真的，10.briefly简单地说, 11.strange to say说也奇怪，12.needless to say不用说，13.most impor tant of all最为重要是，13.worse still更糟糕的是，14.in a few words(或in sum，in short)简而言之，15.in other words换句话说，16.in a sense在某种意义上，17.in general一般说来，18.in my view在我看来，19.in conclusion总之，20.in summary概括地说，21.in fact事实上，22.in the first place首先，23.in addition此外，24.of course当然，25.to my knowledge据我所知，26.for instance(或example)例如，27.as a matter of fact事实上, 28.strictly speaking严格地说，29.generally speaking一般地说，30.judging from…根据……判断, 31.to be sure无疑，32.to sum up概括地说，33.to tell the truth老实说, 34.I am sure我可以肯定地说，9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits)10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion 11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly 13..beneficial, rewarding替换helpful 14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer 15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very 16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable...替换 unnecessary, avoidable 17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb.be interested in 18.capture one’s attention替换attract one’s attention.19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect 20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear 21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause 22.There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth 23.desire 替换want 24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to 25.bear in mind that 替换remember 26.enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)27.interaction替换communication 28.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth 29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance 30.next to / virtually impossible,替换nearly / almost impossible
各位，用三天时间，测试一下自己自学的功力~ 5日之后，要求：
1、看到英文可以迅速反应出中文；
2、看到中文可以迅速反应出英文（甚至几个版本）；
3、看到中文可以成功拼写出英文；
如果全部成功，证明你能力不错，如果没有成功...你可能需要外界帮助，你懂的，嘿嘿，开动吧！
1.alter v.改变，改动，变更
2.burst vi.n.突然发生，爆裂
3.dispose vi.除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)4.blast n.爆炸；气流 vi.炸，炸掉 5.consume v.消耗，耗尽
6.split v.劈开；割裂；分裂 a.裂开的 7.spit v.吐(唾液等)；唾弃 8.spill v.溢出，溅出，倒出 9.slip v.滑动，滑落；忽略
10.slide v.滑动，滑落 n.滑动；滑面；幻灯片 11.bacteria n.细菌 12.breed n.种，品种 v.繁殖，产仔 13.budget n.预算 v.编预算，作安排 14.candidate n.候选人 15.campus n.校园
16.liberal a.慷慨的；丰富的；自由的 17.transform v.转变，变革；变换 18.transmit v.传播，播送；传递 19.transplant v.移植
20.transport vat.运输，运送 n.运输，运输工具 21.shift v.转移；转动；转变 22.vary v.变化，改变；使多样化 23.vanish vi.消灭，不见 24.swallow v.吞下，咽下 n.燕子 25.suspicion n.怀疑，疑心 26.suspicious a.怀疑的，可疑的
27.mild a.温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的 28.tender a.温柔的；脆弱的
29.nuisance n.损害，妨害，讨厌(的人或事物)30.insignificant a.无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的 31.accelerate vt.加速，促进
32.absolute a.绝对的，无条件的；完全的 33.boundary n.分界线，边界 34.brake n.刹车，制动器 v.刹住(车)35.catalog n.目录(册)v.编目 36.vague a.模糊的，不明确的 37.vain n.徒劳，白费 38.extinct a.绝灭的，熄灭的
39.extraordinary a.不平常的，特别的，非凡的 40.extreme a.极度的，极端的 n.极端，过分 41.agent n.代理人，代理商；动因，原因 42.alcohol n.含酒精的饮料，酒精 43.appeal n./vi.呼吁，恳求 44.appreciate vt.重视，赏识，欣赏 45.approve v.赞成，同意，批准 46.stimulate vt.刺激，激励 47.acquire vt.取得，获得；学到 48.accomplish vt.完成，到达；实行
49.network n.网状物；广播网，电视网；网络 50.tide n.潮汐；潮流 51.tidy a.整洁的，整齐的
52.trace vt.追踪，找到 n.痕迹，踪迹 53.torture n./vt.拷打，折磨 54.wander vi.漫游，闲逛 55.wax n.蜡 56.weave v.织，编
57.preserve v.保护，保存，保持，维持 61.abuse v.滥用，虐待；谩骂
62.academic a.学术的；高等院校的；研究院的 63.academy n.(高等)专科院校；学会 64.battery n.电池(组)65.barrier n.障碍；棚栏
66.cargo n.(船、飞机等装载的)货物 67.career n.生涯，职业
68.vessel n.船舶；容器，器皿；血管 69.vertical a.垂直的
70.oblige v.迫使，责成；使感激 71.obscure a.阴暗，模糊
72.extent n.程度，范围，大小，限度 73.exterior n.外部，外表 a.外部的，外表的 74.external a.外部的，外表的，外面的 75.petrol n.汽油 76.petroleum n.石油
77.delay vt./n.推迟，延误，耽搁 78.decay vi.腐烂，腐朽 79.decent a.像样的，体面的 80.route n.路；路线；航线
81.ruin v.毁坏，破坏 n.毁灭，[pl.]废墟 82.sake n.缘故，理由 83.satellite n.卫星
84.scale n.大小，规模；等级；刻度 85.temple n.庙宇
86.tedious a.乏味道，单调的，87.tend vi.易于，趋向 88.tendency n.趋向，趋势
89.ultimate a.极端的，最大的，最终的 n.极端 90.undergo v.经历，遭受
91.abundant a.丰富的，充裕的，大量的 92.adopt v.收养；采用；采纳
93.adapt vi.适应，适合；改编，改写 vt.使适应 94.bachelor n.学士，学士学位；单身汉
95.casual a.偶然的，碰巧的；临时的；非正式的 96.trap n.陷阱，圈套 v.设陷阱捕捉 97.vacant a.空的，未占用的 98.vacuum n.真空，真空吸尘器 99.oral a.口头的，口述的，口的 100.optics n.(单、复数同形)光学 101.organ n.器官，风琴 102.excess n.过分，过量，过剩 103.expel v.驱逐，开除，赶出 104.expend v.消费
105.expenditure n.支出，消费；经费 106.expense n.开销，费用
107.expensive a.花钱多的；价格高贵的 108.expand v.扩大，扩张；展开，膨胀 109.expansion n.扩大，扩充；发展，膨胀 110.private a.私人的，个人的
111.inpidual a.个别的，单独的 n.个人，个体 112.personal a.个人的，私人的；亲自的 114.personnel n.[总称] 人员，员工；人事部门 115.the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 116.the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 117.the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 118.the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋 119.grant vt.授予，同意，准予 119.grand a.宏伟大，壮丽的，重大的 120.invade v.侵入，侵略，侵袭
121.acid n.酸，酸性物质 a.酸的；尖刻的 122.acknowledge v.承认；致谢 123.balcony n.阳台 124.calculate vt.计算，核算 125.calendar n.日历，月历 126.optimistic a.乐观
127.optional a.可以任选的，非强制的 128.outstanding a.杰出的，突出的，显著的 129.export n.出口(物)v.出口，输出 130.import n.进口(物)v.进口，输入 131.impose vt.把...加强(on)；采用，利用 132.religion n.宗教，宗教信仰 133.religious a.宗教的 134.victim n.牺牲品，受害者
135.video n.电视，视频 a.电视的，录像的 136.videotape n.录像磁带 v.把...录在录像带上 137.offend v.冒犯，触犯 138.bother v.打搅，麻烦 139.interfere v.干涉，干扰，妨碍 140.internal a.内部的，国内的 141.beforehand ad.预先，事先 142.racial a.人种的种族的 143.radiation n.放射物，辐射 144.radical a.根本的；激进的
145.range n.幅度，范围 v.(在某范围内)变动 146.wonder n.惊奇，奇迹 v.想知道，对...感到疑惑 147.isolate vt.使隔离，使孤立
148.issue n.问题，争论点；发行，(报刊)一期 149.hollow a.空的，中空的，空虚道 150.hook n.钩 vt.钩住 151.adequate a.适当地；足够
152.adhere vi.粘附，附着；遵守，坚持 153.ban vt.取缔，禁止 154.capture vt.俘虏，捕获
155.valid a.有效的，有根据的；正当的 156.valley n.山谷，峡谷
157.consistent a.坚固定；一致的，始终如一的 158.continuous a.继续的，连续(不断)的 159.continual a.不断地，频繁的 160.explode v.爆炸；爆发；激增 161.exploit v.剥削；利用，开采 162.explore v.勘探
163.explosion n.爆炸；爆发；激增 164.explosive a.爆炸的；极易引起争论的 165.remote a.遥远的，偏僻的 166.removal n.除去，消除 167.render vt.使得，致使
167.render 解释比较长，可要仔细体会啊！168.precaution n.预防，防备，警惕 169.idle a.懒散的，无所事事的 170.identify vt.认出，鉴定 171.identify n.身份；个性，特性 172.poverty n.贫穷
173.resistant a.(to)抵抗的，抗...的，耐...的 174.resolve vt.解决；决定，决意 175.barrel n.桶
176.bargain n.便宜货 vi.讨价还价 177.coarse a.粗的，粗糙的，粗劣的 178.coach n.教练；长途公共汽车 179.code n.准则，法规，密码 180.coil n.线圈 v.卷，盘绕 181.adult n.成年人 182.advertise v.为...做广告 183.advertisement n.广告 184.agency n.代理商，经销商
185.focus v.(使)聚集 n.焦点，中心，聚焦 186.forbid vt.不许，禁止 187.debate n./v.辩论，争论 188.debt n.欠债 189.decade n.十年 190.enclose vt.围住；把...装入信封 191.encounter vt./n.遭遇，遭到 192.globe n.地球，世界；地球仪 193.global a.全球的；总的 194.scan vt.细看；扫描；浏览 195.scandal n.丑事，丑闻 196.significance n.意义；重要性 197.subsequent a.随后的，后来的 198.virtue n.美德，优点
199.virtual a.实际上的，事实上的
200.orient vt.使适应，(to, toward)使朝向 n.东方 201.portion n.一部分
202.target n.目标，靶子 vt.瞄准 203.portable a.手提式的 204.decline v.拒绝，谢绝；下降 205.illusion n.错觉
206.likelihood n.可能，可能性 207.stripe n.条纹
208.emphasize vt.强调，着重 209.emotion n.情感，感情
210.emotional a.感情的，情绪(上)的 211.awful a.极坏的，威严的，可怕的 212.awkward a.笨拙的，棘手的 213.clue n.线索，提示 214.collision n.碰撞，冲突 215.device n.装置，设备 216.devise vt.发明，策划，想出 217.inevitable a.不可避免的 218.naval a.海军的 219.navigation n.航行
220.necessity n.必需品；必要性 221.previous a.先，前，以前的
222.provision n.[pl.] 给养，口粮；准备，设备，装置 223.pursue vt.追逐；追求；从事，进行 224.stale a.不新鲜的，陈腐的 225.substitute n.代用品 vt.代替 226.deserve vt.应受，应得，值得 227.discrimination n.歧视；辨别力 228.professional a.职业的，专门的 229.secure a.安全的，可靠的 230.security n.安全，保障 231.scratch v./n.抓，搔，扒 232.talent n.才能，天资；人才 233.insurance n.保险，保险费 234.insure vt.给...保险，保证，确保 235.nevertheless ad.仍然，然而，不过 236.neutral a.中立的，中性的
237.spot n.地点；斑点 vt.认出，发现；玷污 238.spray v.喷，(使)溅散
239.medium a.中等的，适中的 n.媒介物，新闻媒介 240.media n.新闻传媒 241.auxiliary a.辅助的，备用的 242.automatic a.自动的 243.compete vi.竞争，比赛
244.competent a.有能力的，能胜任的 245.competition n.竞争，比赛 246.distribute vt.分发 247.disturb vt.打搅，妨碍 248.infer v.推论，推断
249.integrate v.(into, with)(使)成为一体，(使)合并 250.moist a.潮湿 251.moisture n.潮湿 252.promote vt.促进；提升 253.region n.地区；范围；幅度 254.register v./n.登记，注册 255.stable a.稳定的
256.sophisticated a.老于世故的，老练的；很复杂的 257.splendid a.极好的，壮丽的，辉煌的 258.cancel vt.取消，废除 259.variable a.易变的，可变的 260.prospect n.前景，前途；景象 261.prosperity n.兴旺，繁荣 262.aspect n.方面；朝向；面貌 263.cope vi.(with)(成功地)应付，处理 264.core n.果心，核心
265.maintain vt.维持，保持；坚持，主张 266.mainland n.大陆
267.discipline n.纪律；惩罚；学科
268.domestic a.本国的，国内的；家用的；家庭的 269.constant a.不变的，恒定的 n.常数 270.cliff n.悬崖，峭壁 271.authority n.权威；当局 272.audio a.听觉 273.attitude n.态度
274.community n.社区，社会
275.commit vt.犯(错误，罪行等)，干(坏事等)276.comment n./vt.评论 277.distinguish vt.区分，辨别 278.distress n.痛苦，悲伤 vt.使痛苦 279.facility n.[pl.] 设备，设施；便利，方便
280.faculty n.能力，技能；系，学科，学院；全体教员 281.mixture n.混合，混合物 282.mood n.心情，情绪；语气 283.moral a.道德上的，有道德的 284.prominent a.突出的 285.substance n.物质；实质
286.substantial a.可观的；牢固的；实质的 287.prompt vt.促使 a.敏捷的，及时的 288.vivid a.生动的
289.vocabulary n.词汇(量)；词汇表
290.venture n.风险投资，风险项目 v.冒险；取于 291.version n.版本，译本；说法 292.waist n.腰，腰部 293.weld v./n.焊接 294.yawn vi.打哈欠
295.yield vi.(to)屈服于；让出，放弃 n.产量 296.zone n.地区，区域 297.strategy n.战略，策略 298.strategic a.战略(上)的，关键的 299.tense a.紧张的 v.拉紧 n.时态
300.tension n.紧张(状态)，张力301.avenue n.林荫道，大街 302.available a.现成可用的；可得到的 303.comparable a.(with, to)可比较的，类似的 304.comparative a.比较的，相对的 305.dash vi.猛冲，飞奔 306.data n.数据，资料 307.pe vi.跳水，潜水
308.perse a.不同的，多种多样的 309.entitle vt.给...权利，给...资格 310.regulate vt.管理，调节
311.release vt./n.释放，排放；解释解脱 312.exaggerate v.夸大，夸张 313.evil a.邪恶的，坏的 314.shrink vi.起皱，收缩；退缩 315.subtract v.减(去)316.suburb n.市郊 317.subway n.地铁
318.survey n./vt.调查，勘测 319.wealthy a.富裕的 320.adjust v.调整，调节 321.attach vt.系，贴；使附属
322.profit n.利润，益处；v.有益于，有利于 323.profitable a.有利可图的 324.slope n.斜坡，斜面 325.reinforce vt.增强，加强 326.reject vt.拒绝
327.fatal a.致命的；重大的 328.fate n.命运
329.humble a.谦逊的；谦虚的 330.illegal a.不合法的，非法的 331.award vt.授予，判给 n.奖品，奖金 332.aware a.意识到
333.column n.柱，圆柱；栏，专栏 334.comedy n.喜剧 335.dumb a.哑的；沉默的 336.dump vt.倾卸，倾倒 337.deaf a.聋的；不愿听的 338.decorate vt.装饰，装璜
339.principal a.最重要的 n.负责人，校长 340.principle n.原则，原理 341.prior a.优先的，在前的 342.priority n.优先，重点 343.prohibit vt.禁止，不准
344.remarkable a.值得注意的，异常的，非凡的 345.remedy n./vt.补救，医治，治疗 346.repetition n.重复，反复 347.vain a.徒劳的，无效的
348.undertake vt.承担，着手做；同意，答应 349.unique a.唯一的，独特的 350.obstacle n.障碍(物)，妨碍 351.odd a.奇特的，古怪的；奇数的 352.omit vt.省略
353.opponent n.敌手，对手 354.opportunity n.机会，时机 355.orchestra n.管弦乐队 356.semester n.学期；半年 357.semiconductor n.半导体 358.seminar n.研讨会
359.terminal a.末端的，极限的 n.终点 360.territory n.领土
361.approximate a.大概的，大约 v.近似 362.arbitrary a.随意的，未断的 363.architect n.建筑师 364.architecture n.建筑学 365.biology n.生物学 366.geography n.地理(学)367.geology n.地质学 368.geometry n.几何(学)369.arithmetic n.算术 370.algebra n.代数
371.entertainment n.娱乐；招待，款待 372.enthusiasm n.热情，热心
373.entry n.进入，入口处；参赛的人(或物)374.environment n.环境 375.episode n.插曲，片段 376.equation n.方程(式)377.restrain vt.阻止，抑制 378.restraint n.抑制，限制 379.resume v.(中断后)重新开始 380.severe a.严重的 381.sexual a.性的
382.simplicity n.简单；朴素 383.simplify vt.简化 384.sorrow n.悲哀，悲痛
385.stuff n.原料，材料 vt.填进，塞满 386.temporary a.暂时的，临时的 387.temptation n.诱惑，引诱 388.terror n.恐怖 389.thrust v.挤，推，插 390.treaty n.条约，协定
391.arise vi.产生，出现，发生；起身 392.arouse vt.引起，激起；唤醒 393.burden n.重担，负荷 394.bureau n.局，办事处
395.marvelous a.奇迹般的，惊人的 396.massive a.大的，大量的，大块的 397.mature a.成熟的
398.maximum a.最高的，最大的 399.minimum a.最低的，最小的 400.nonsense n.胡说，冒失的行动 401.nuclear a.核子的，核能的402.nucleus n.核 403.retail n./v./ad.零售 404.retain vt.保留，保持 405.restrict vt.限制，约束
406.sponsor n.发起者，主办者 vt.发起，主办，资助 407.spur n./vt.刺激，激励 408.triumph n.胜利，成功 409.tuition n.学费
410.twist vt.使缠绕；转动；扭歪 411.undergraduate n.大学肄业生 412.universal a.普遍的，通用的；宇宙的 413.universe n.宇宙
414.via prep.经由，经过，通过 415.vibrate v.振动，摇摆 416.virus n.病毒 417.voluntary a.自愿的
418.volunteer n.志愿者 v.自愿(做)419.vote v.选举 n.选票
420.wagon n.四轮马车，铁路货车 421.appoint vt.任命，委派
422.approach v.靠近，接近n.途径，方式 423.appropriate a.适当的 424.bunch n.群，伙；束，串
425.bundle n.捆，包，束 vt.收集，归拢 426.ceremony n.典礼，仪式 427.chaos n.混乱，紊乱 428.discount n.(价格)折扣 429.display n./vt.陈列，展览 430.equivalent a.相等的 a.相等物 431.erect a.竖直的 v.建造，竖立 432.fax n./vt.传真
433.fertile a.肥沃的；多产的 434.fertilizer n.肥料 435.grateful a.感激的 436.gratitude n.感激 437.horror n.恐怖 438.horrible a.可怕的
439.Internet n.国际互联网，因特网 440.interpret v.翻译，解释 441.interpretation n.解释，说明 442.jungle n.丛林，密林 443.knot n.结 vt.把...打成结 444.leak v.漏，渗出 445.lean vi.倾斜，倚，靠 446.leap vi.跳跃 447.modify vt.修改 448.nylon n.尼龙 449.onion n.洋葱 450.powder n.粉末
451.applicable a.可应用的，适当的 452.applicant n.申请人 453.breadth n.宽度
454.conservation n.保存，保护 455.conservative a.保守的
456.parallel n.平行线；可相比拟的事物 457.passion n.激情，热情 458.passive a.被动的，消极的 459.pat v./n.轻拍，轻打 460.peak n.山峰，顶点 461.phenomenon n.现象 462.reluctant a.不情愿的，勉强的 463.rely vi.(on ,upon)依赖，指望 464.relevant a.有关的，切题的 465.reliable a.可靠的 466.relief n.轻松，宽慰；减轻 467.reputation n.名气，声誉 468.rescue vt./n.营救 469.triangle n.三角(形)470.sequence n.连续；顺序 471.shallow a.浅的 472.shiver vi/n.发抖 473.shrug v./n.耸肩 474.signature n.签名
475.sincere a.诚挚的，真诚的 476.utility n.功用，效用 477.utilize vt.利用
478.utter vt.说出 a.完全的，彻底的 479.variation n.变化，变动 480.vehicle n.交通工具，车辆 481.applause n.鼓掌，掌声 482.appliance n.器具，器械
483.consent n.准许，同意 vi(to)准许，同意 484.conquer vt.征服 485.defect n.缺点，缺陷
486.delicate a.易碎的；娇弱的；精美的 487.evolve v.演变
488.evolution n.演变，进化 489.frown v./n.皱眉 490.frustrate vt.使沮丧 491.guarantee vt./n.保证 492.guilty a.内疚的；有罪的 493.jealous a.妒忌的 494.jeans n.牛仔裤 495.liquor n.酒，烈性酒 496.liter/litre n.升 497.modest a.谦虚道 498.molecule n.分子 499.orbit n.轨道 v.(绕...)作轨道运行 500.participate v.(in)参与，参加 501.particle n.微粒
502.particularly ad.特别，尤其 503.respond vi.回答，答复；反应 504.response n.回答，答复；反应 505.sensible a.明智的
506.sensitive a.敏感到，灵敏的 507.tremble vi.颤抖
508.tremendous a.巨大的；精彩的 509.trend n.趋向，倾向 510.trial n.审讯；试验
511.apparent a.显然的，明白的 512.appetite n.胃口；欲望
513.deposit n.存款，定金 v.存放，储蓄 514.deputy n.副职，代表
515.derive vt.取得，得到；(from)起源于 516.descend v.下来，下降 517.missile n.导弹
518.mission n.使命；代表团 519.mist n.薄雾
520.noticeable a.显而易见到 521.notify vt.通知，告知 522.notion n.概念；意图，想法 523.resemble vt.像，类似于 524.reveal vt.揭露
525.revenue n.收入，岁入；税收 526.shelter n.掩蔽处；住所
527.shield n.防护物，盾 vt.保护，防护 528.vital a.重要的；致命的，生命的 529.vitally ad.极度，非常；致命地 530.urban a.城市的 531.urge vt.鼓励，激励 532.urgent a.急迫的，紧急得 533.usage n.使用，用法 534.violence n.强力，暴力 535.violent a.强暴的 536.violet a.紫色的 537.weed n.杂草，野草 538.welfare n.福利
539.whatsoever ad.(用于否定句)任何 540.whereas conj.然而，但是，尽管 541.essential a.必不可少的；本质的 542.estimate n./vt.估计，估量 543.evaluate vt.评估，评价 544.exceed vt.超过，越出 545.exceedingly ad.非常，极其 546.exclaim v.呼喊，大声说
547.exclude vt.把...排斥在外，不包括 548.exclusive a.读有的，排他的 549.excursion n.远足 550.flash vi.闪光，闪耀 551.flee vi.逃走 552.flexible a.易弯曲的
553.flock n.羊群，(鸟兽等)一群；一伙人 554.hardware n.五金器具 555.harmony n.和谐，融洽 556.haste n.急速，急忙 557.hatred n.憎恶，憎恨 558.incident n.事件，事变 559.index n.索引，标志 560.infant n.婴儿 561.infect v.传染
562.inferior a.劣等的，次的，下级的 563.infinite a.无限的 564.ingredient n.组成部分 565.inhabitant n.居民 566.jail n.监狱
567.jam n.果酱；拥挤，堵塞 568.jewel n.宝石
569.joint a.连接的；共同的 570.junior a.年少的；资历较浅的 571.laser n.激光 572.launch vt.发动，发起 573.luxury n.奢侈；奢侈品 574.magnet n.磁铁，磁体 575.male a.男性的，雄的 576.female a.女性的，雌的
577.manual a.用手的，手工做的 n.手册 578.manufacture vt./n.制造，加工 579.marine a.海的；海产的 580.mutual a.相互的
第五篇：形容词材料
初中英语语法大全：形容词和副词
A:形容词
1、形容词及其用法
形容词修饰 名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。
2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。
（错）He is an ill man.（对）The man is ill.（错）She is an afraid girl.（对）The girl is afraid.这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：
something nice 2.以-ly结尾的形容词 1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。
改错：(错）She sang lovely.（错）He spoke to me very friendly.（对）Her singing was lovely.（对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。
daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early
The Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.3 用形容词表示类别和整体 1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry
The poor are losing hope.2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。
the British，the English，the French，the Chinese.The English have wonderful sense of humor.4 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：
限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)--出处--材料性质，类别--名词
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car 典型例题: 1）Tony is going camping with ___ boys.A.little two other B.two little other
C.two other little
D.little other two
答案：C。由“限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)--性质--名词”的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.A.old Chinese stone
B.Chinese old stone
C.old stone Chinese
D.Chinese stone old 答案A.几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。
3)----How was your recent visit to Qingdao?----It was great.We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.A.few last sunny
B.last few sunny
C.last sunny few
D.few sunny last 答案：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照下表：
限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+ those + three + beautiful + large + square
新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词 old + brown + wood + table
5下列几类形容词也没有比较等级：
(1)表示“终极”意义或绝对概念的形容词或副词。如：absolute(ly), blind, dead, excellent, entire, living, full, perfect(ly), round, relative, wrong等。
(2)表示时间、方位或方向的形容词或副词。如：back, backward, forward, front, past, monthly, weekly, present, southern, vertical等。
(3)部分表示事物性质、物质材料或结构成分的形容词。如：atomic, cultural, economic, educational, golden, political, scientific, silken, urban, wooden等。
(4)本身具有“最”或“唯一”概念的形容词。如：maximal, mere, minimal, matchless, sole, only unique等。
6形容词作定语时的后置
a.前面我们讲到形容词作定语时，位置要放在所修饰的名词前面，但当它带有表示量度的词或词组时，定语后置。
They have built a bridge a hundred meters long.他们建成了一座一百米长的桥。Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high.去年，我们盖了一栋十三层的高楼。
b.带有表示量度的词或词组，作表语时，也后置。
The bridge is a hundred meters long.这座桥长达一百米。
The building is thirteen storeys high.这个大楼有十三层高。
They have built a two-hundred-meter-long bridge.他们已经修建了一座长二百米的桥。
注意
量度词组变成合成语时，作定语用，放在名词前。
Last year we built a thirteen-storey-high building.去年我们建了一座高十三层的大楼。
c.另外，一些形容词或形容词词组常用来放在句首、句中或句尾，作状语。
He returned home, tired and hungry.他又累又饿地回到了家。
Cold and hungry, he walked in the street.又冷又饿，他走在街道上。B: 副词及其基本用法副词的种类、用法和位置
副词在句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。用来表示时间、场所、状态及程度。副词的种类 1.副词的种类
（1）时间副词
①表示大体时间：now,then,yesterday,today, tonight,before,justnow,recently,so far
②表示频率：always,usually,often,sometimes.seldom,never
③其它作用：already,yet,late,early,soon,at once,immediately,atfirst,at last,finally
（2）地点副词
①表地点：here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere，nowhere,somewhere.②表位置关系（后接宾语时，用作介词）：
above,below,round,around,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along,over，away,near,off,past
（3）方式副词表示谓语动词“怎样地”，（此类副词大部分由形容词加ly构成）：
badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully,carelessly,nervously,proudly,patiently, politely,sadly,properly,rapidly, wrongly,suddenly.（4）程度副词 多数用来修饰形容词或副词：much,（a）little,a bit,very,sO,too,enough,quite,rather,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly,almost,hardly
（5）疑问副词 构成特殊疑问句：how,when, where,why
（6）连接副词 连接主语、宾语或表语从句：how,when,where,why
（7）关系副词 引导定语从句：when,where,why
（8）其它性质的副词对整个句子进行说明，一般用逗号与主句隔开：
frankly（坦率地说,说真的），generally（一般说来），luckily（幸运地是），first of all（首先）等。1.地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句末
注意
地点副词作定语时要后置，不属于这种情况。有时少数地点副词和时间副词可以作定语，放在所修饰词的后边。
The students here are all from China.I'll wait for you here.（地点副词）
我将在这儿等你。
I'll meet him at the station tomorrow.（时间副词）
明天我将去车站接他。
Tomorrow I'll meet him at the station.注意
有时为了强调时间，也可把时间副词放在句首。
The boy wrote the homework quickly.（方式副词）
这个男孩子写作业很快。
They did their experiments carefully in the labyesterday.方式 地点时间
昨天他们在实验室认真地做实验。
The students all worked well here last week
这些学生上周在这里都做得很好。2.频度副词在句中位置有以下两种
a.在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后。
She is always kind to us（be动词）
她对我们总是很好。
I can never forget the day.（情态动词）
我永远也不能忘掉这一天。
The work has never been done.助动词 助动词
（频度副词never放在第一个助动词has的后面）
这件工作永远也做不完。
b.在实义动词之前
He often goes to school early.(实义动词）
他常常早到校。
3.程度副词有下列二种情况
a.修饰动词时,它在句中的位置与频度副词的情况相似。
He is almost forty years old.（在be动词之后）
他快四十岁了。
注意
如果句末同时有几个副词，它的基本顺序是：方式副词+地点副词+时间副词。
He can hardly understand you.（在情态动词之后）
他几乎听不懂你的活。
I like the boy.（在实义动词之前）
我相当喜欢这个男孩子。
b.修饰形容词、副词时，放在它所修饰的词的前面。
He studies much harder now.现在他学习努力多了。
The room is big enough to hold fifty persons.（enough修饰形容词）
这个房间够大的可以容纳50人。
He runs fast enough.（enough修饰副词）
他跑得够快的。
注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
改错：(错)I very like English.(对)I like English very much.注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
I don't know him well enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.6 兼有两种形式的副词 1)close与closely
close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地”
He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.2)late 与lately
late意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近”
You have come too late.What have you been doing lately? 3)deep与deeply
deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the film.4)high与highly
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much
The plane was flying high.I think highly of your opinion.5)wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”
He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.6)free与freely
free的意思是“免费”；freely 的意思是“无限制地”
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely;say what you like.7某些副词在用法上的区别
(1)already, yet, still
already表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：
We've already watched that film.I haven't finished my homework yet.He still works until late every night.(2)too, as well, also, either
too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.He didn't go there either.I like you as well.I also went there.8 形容词与副词的比较级
⑴ 规则变化
变化规则 example 1.一般在词尾直接加-er或-est Tall-taller-tallest, long-longer-longest 2.以不发音的字母e 结尾的单词在词尾直接加-r 或-st Nice-nicer-nicest, large-larger-largest 3.以辅音字母+ 结尾的词，把 y变为i，再加er 或 est Heavy-heavier-heaviest Happy-happier-happiest 4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er 或 est Big-bigger-biggest Fat-fatter-fattest 5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more 构成比较级和most 构成最高级 Slowly-more slowly-most slowly Beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
⑵ 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级 Good/well better best Bad/ill/badly worse Worst Many/much more most little less least far Farther/further Farther/further old Older/elder Oldest/eldest
其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：
Of all the boys he sings(the)most beautifully.We must work harder.9.as + 形容词或副词原级 + as 1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。
He cannot run so/as fast as you.2）当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。
as +形容词+ a +单数名词
as + many/much +名词
This is as good an example as the other is.I can carry as much paper as you can..3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。
This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.4)倍数+ as + adj.+ as <=> 倍数+ than + of
This bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine.10.比较级形容词或副词 + than You are taller than I.They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.注意：
1）要避免重复使用比较级。
(错)He is more cleverer than his brother.(对)He is more clever than his brother.(对)He is clever than his brother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(错)China is larger that any country in Asia.(对)China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。
比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.11可修饰比较级的词
1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等 2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
典型例题:
1）----Are you feeling ____?
----Yes，I'm fine now.A.any well B.any better C.quite good
D.quite better
答案：B.any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.A.more
B.much more
C.much
D.more much 答案：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。
3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.A.the happiest time
B.a more happier time
C.much happiest time
D.a much happier time 答案：D。many,old 和 far 1)如果后接名词时，much more +不可数名词
many more +可数名词复数
2)old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。
My elder brother is an engineer.Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.3)far 有两种比较级，farther，further.在英语中两者都可指距离。
在美语中，father 表示距离，further表示进一步。
I have nothing further to say.13.the + 最高级 + 比较范围
1)The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。
形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。
It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2)下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意：
a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。
This is the very best.This is much the best.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。
Africa is the second largest continent.3)句型转换：
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4)“否定词语+比较级”，“否定词语+ so… as”结构表示最高级含义。
Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.14.和more有关的词组 1)the more… the more… 越……就越……
The harder you work，the greater progress you'll make.2)more B than A 与其说A不如说B
less A than B
He is more lazy than slow at his work.= He is less slow than lazy at his work.3)no more… than… 与……一样……，不比……多
The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less… than… 与……一样……
He is no less diligent than you.典型例题
1）The weather in China is different from____.A.in America
B.one in America
C.America
D.that in America
答案：D.本题意为“中国的天气比美国热。”比较的是天气而不是国家，C不能选。A没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用来代替可数名词，而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选D。2）After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.A.as twice many
B.as many twice
C.twice as many D.twice many as
答案C.此句意为“这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍”。表示倍数用“倍数+ as + 形容词原形+ as +比较对象”的句型。所以此句答案为C。
This ruler is three times as long as that one.重点提示：
常见比较级五句型
1> Who / Which + be +比较级 , A or B ?
Who is taller, Tom or John?
Which is more expensive, a bicycle or a computer?
2> ~ + be + the 比较级 + of the two.(两个之中比较…的那一个，~包含在两个之中)Tom is the taller of the two.= Tom is taller than the other boy.3> much / a lot / even / far + 比较级
A compute is much more expensive than a bicycle.计算机比自行车贵多了。
4> “The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级...”, 表示 “ 越...就越...”。
The more you study, the more you know.你学的越多, 就知道的越多。
5> “ 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ”, 表示 “ 越来越...”。
The computer is cheaper and cheaper.计算机越来越便宜。
/
3)最高级不一定就是第一
1> Who / Which + be +最高级, A, B, or C ?
Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack, or David? Tom, Jack与David三个人中谁最高？
Which is the most expensive, a bicycle, a motorcycle, or a car? 自行车，摩托车和汽车，哪一个最贵？
2> ~ + be + one of the +最高级 +复数名词, 表示“最……的……之一”。
The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.黄河是中国最长的河流之一。
3> “…+ be +the + 序数词 +最高级 +单数名词 + 范围”, 表示“……是…….的第几……”。
She is the second tallest student in our class.她是我们班第二高的学生。
4> ~ + be + the 最高级 ~ that 某人 have/ has ever + 过去分词.This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.这是我看过的最有趣的书。没有比较级的形容词和副词
1)有些程度副词，如：quite, rather, comparatively, incomparably, relatively, fairly等与形容词连用具有“比较”含义。故这时句中的形容词不能再使用比较级。例如：
It is a set of comparatively new instrument in our laboratory.This book is rather difficult for the juniors, but fairly easy for the seniors.2)下列几类形容词也没有比较等级：
(1)表示“终极”意义或绝对概念的形容词或副词。如：absolute(ly), blind, dead, excellent, entire, living, full, perfect(ly), round, relative, wrong等。
(2)表示时间、方位或方向的形容词或副词。如：back, backward, forward, front, past, monthly, weekly, present, southern, vertical等。
(3)部分表示事物性质、物质材料或结构成分的形容词。如：atomic, cultural, economic, educational, golden, political, scientific, silken, urban, wooden等。
(4)本身具有“最”或“唯一”概念的形容词。如：maximal, mere, minimal, matchless, sole, only unique等。
真题再现
1.-Which is ____ season in Beijing?(2003年)
-I think it's autumn.A.good B.better C.best D.the best
解析：正确答案为D。该题的核心词为season。根据比较级与最高级的知识，两者之间用比较级，而三者或三者以上用最高级，北京有四季，因此本题应选择最高级。又因为形容词最高级前要加定冠词the，因此答案为D。
2.-Which is__________ , the sun, the moon or the earth?(2004年)
--Of course, the moon is.A.small B.smaller C.smallest D.the smallest
解析：正确答案为D。该题的核心词在第一句句尾，“the sun, the moon or the earth”,提问的对象为三者，应该选择最高级。
3.The air in Beijing is getting much _____ now than a few years ago.(2005年)
A.clean B.cleaner C.cleanest D.the cleanest
解析：正确答案为B。该题的核心词为than，than一词是比较级的标志。
4.Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _____ than before.(2005年)
A.cheap B.cheaper C.cheapest D.the cheapest
解析：正确答案为B。该题与第三题相似，核心词为than。
4)more than 不只是，非常
She is more than kind to us all.
