下载文档第一篇：浅谈初中英语动词时态教学
浅谈初中英语动词时态教学
英语的动词时态这一语法现象与我们母语的语法差别较大，学起来也较乏味。如何教学这些语法，从而使学生更好、更有效地掌握它们，是经常困扰教师的问题。笔者在教学实践中进行了努力的尝试和探索，并依据信息加工的学习理论，总结出较为行之有效的“三元”教学法：从“标志”信息输入着眼，经过“概念”思维加工，达成“结构”形式输出，从而使师生摆脱枯燥的时态教学，掌握动词时态的规律，形成有效的语法教学策略。
一、从“概念、结构、标志”三个方面把握动词时态
“概念、结构、标志”三个方面是学习一种时态所必须把握的，三者相互联系，相互制约，共同表述一个完整的时态含义。“概念”清楚地说明了一种时态的用法。对于概念的把握一定要全面、准确，表述严密，如对于一般现在时的用法，不能只表述为“表示经常性或习？
下面列举两种时态进行说明。
（一）一般现在时
1、概念：一般现在时的基本用法有四种。（1）表示现在的状况，如Mr、Green has two children、（2）表示主语所具备的性格或能力，如Ann enjoys listening to the radio、Miss White speaks Chinese very well、（3）表示经常性、习惯性或反复出现的动作或状态，如I usually rest on Sundays、Mr、Brown always gets up early、LiLei goes to see Uncle Wang once a month、（4）表示客观事实和普遍真理，如It never snows in Australia in December、Light travels faster than sound、2、结构：一般现在时的结构在一般情况下用动词原形，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式，其否定式、疑问式要加助动词do或does。例如：Miss Gao teaches us English、Does your mother work in a factory？
3、标志：一般现在时常与下列表示频率的副词或短语连用：always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，never，twice a week，on Sundays等。
（二）现在完成时
1、概念：基本用法有两种。（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。（2）表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
2、结构：助动词have（has）+动词的过去分词。
3、标志：用法（1）常与下列词语连用：already，yet，just，ever，never，before，recently等；用法（2）常与“since+时间点”或“for+时间段”所构成的表示一段时间的状语连用，也可与包括“现在”在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如this morning，these days等。
其他几种时态不再一一列举。在平时的教学中，只要我们从上述三个方面去把握动词时态，学生就会逐渐发现其规律，做到有章可循，主动地学习，从而变以教师为主体的讲语法为以学生为主体的学语法，收到事半功倍的效果。
二、要善于进行各种时态的用法比较
学习了几种时态以后，就容易出现混淆、错用的情况，这就要求我们要不断地将一些时态加以比较，以便能够更好地把握其本质。其实，动词时态的比较也是以“概念、结构、标志”三元为依据比较的。试看下面几种时态的比较。
（一）一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较
1、一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用；而现在完成时既涉及过去又联系现在，但它强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。试比较：I have posted the letter（说明现在信不在这里）。I posted the letter yesterday（只说明昨天寄信这一事实）。
2、有些时间状语（标志），如this morning，tonight等，既可用于一般过去时，也可用于现在完成时，但所表示的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时的表示“现在”在内，而用于一般过去时则与“现在”无关。例如：I have read the book this May（讲话时仍是五月）。I read the book this May（讲话时五月已过）。
（二）一般过去时与过去完成时的用法比较
1、一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态；而过去完成时则表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，其标志是“过去的过去”。当强调过去某一动作发生在过去另一动作之前时，常用此时态。例如：The film had already begun when I reached the theatre、2、一般过去时与过去完成时都可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用，但侧重点有所不同。试比较：They had done the work at five o’clock、They did the work at five o’clock、第一句说明工作在五点钟已完成，并未说明是什么时候完成的；第二句说明工作是在五点钟做的。
3、在带有before或after引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，由于主、从句动作发生的先后顺序已非常明确，所以可用一般过去时代替过去完成时，如The train had left before I got to the station、也可以说：The train left before I got to the station、其他时态的比较，如一般现在时与现在进行时，一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较不再列举。时态的混合使用是以掌握好每一种时态的用法以及各时态的比较用法为基础的，在中学阶段使用较少，在此不做详谈。
三、注意时态与时间不一致的特殊情况
如前所述，判断时态要从“标志”（时间状语）着眼，这是一般规律。但有些情况下，时态与时间（标志）并不一致，在教学中应引起足够的重视，做到灵活使用，可视之为“特殊标志”。
1、一些表示来往动作的动词（动向动词）常用进行时表示将来时，常见的这类动词有arrive，come，go，leave，set off，start等、例如：The Browns are leaving for Paris next month、2、一般现在时有时可以表示预定的近期将发生的动作或状态，也可用来表示说话时正在进行的动作。例如：Are you free tomorrow？ The train starts at 7：50 in the evening、Here comes the bus！There goes the bell！
3、一般过去时可以表示目前非真实的情况或不能实现的愿望（即虚拟语气）。例如：I wish I could fly to the moon by spaceship、It’s high time you went home、If I were you，I would go with him、4、在含有状语从句的复合句中，当主句是将来时态或是祈使句时，状语从句应用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：I will go to town if it doesn’t rain tomorrow、He said he would come to see us if he had time、Please tell him about it as soon as he comes back、Are you going to play with us when you have finished your homework？
5、在含有宾语从句的复合句中，主从句动词时态有如下不一致情况。
（1）当宾语从句表示科学真理、客观事实、格言或其他不受时间影响、限制的客观存在的事物时，如：Long ago people didn’t know that the earth moves round the sun、She told hers on that practice makes perfect、（2）当宾语从句用来解释、表达科技内容时，如：The teacher told us that the attraction of the earth for all bodies is called gravity、（3）当宾语从句表示一种反复出现或目前习惯性动作时，如：He said he does morning exercises everyday、（4）当宾语从句中谓语动词的动作在转述时仍在继续，或表示现在时刻仍存在的状态时，如：LiLei said his father is attending a meeting in Shanghai、She told me the other day that she is only seventeen、6、其他从句，如比较状语从句、定语从句等不受主句时态的影响，应根据实际需要，选择适当的时态。例如：It was colder yesterday than it is today、Last night I read the book which you are reading now、对于这些特殊情况，在平时的教学中，应特别注意。其实，我们也可以把上述情况视为一种特殊的“标志”，进而判断相应的时态形式。
综上所述，对于一种时态，我们可以从“概念、结构、标志”三个方面去把握，随着所学时态的增多，要善于将一些时态加以比较，总结出差异，同时还要注意特殊情况。这些，整个中学阶段英语时态教学就系统化、规律化了。学好这些基本的动词时态，可为学生将来学习更为复杂的时态、非谓语动词的时态、被动语态、虚拟语气乃至进一步学习中、高级英语，打下扎实的基础。
第二篇：初中英语动词八种时态讲解
初中英语动词八种时态讲解
1、一般现在时
主要用于下面几情况：
1)描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。
在这种情景中，句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week(month , year , etc.), sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如：
They raise ducks as a sideline.他们以养鸭为副业。She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month.她不常给家里写信，仅一月一封而已。
I cycle to work every day.我每天骑自行车上班。It seldom rains here.这儿很少下雨。2）仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。
这里的目的是为了“描述现阶段的动作或状态”，其重点“不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态”。例如：
He can speak five foreign languages.他能说五种外语。That is a beautiful city.那是座美丽的城市。Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
She majors in music.她主修音乐。
All my family love football.我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others.我妹妹总是乐于助人。
3)陈述客观事实、客观真理。
顾名思义，客观的情况是“没有时间概念”的；也“不会在意动作进行的状态”。例如：
The sun rises in the east.日出东方。
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。
Light travels faster than sound.光的速度比声音的速度快。
The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.美国位于太平洋西岸。
4)根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如：
I'll tell him the news when he comes back.他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。
If you take the job, they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。
用于一般现在时的副词，除了上面提到的一些表示频率的以外，常见的还有：now, today , nowadays等等。
2、一般过去时
主要是用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态。它也可以用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。这一点在表达意义上与一般现在时相同，只是所在的时间区域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般过去时的句子里常常有一个意义较具体的过去时间状语。这也是它与现在完成时的最大区别之一。
一般过去时由谓语动词的过去式表示，也就是说动词词末要加-ed（除不规则动词外）。常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有：last night(week , month , year , century , etc.), yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning(afternoon , evening), in 1999 , two hours ago(one week ago , tree years ago , …)等等。
使用一般过去时，在某种意义上说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个时候。“过去”的时间概念有两层意思：一是指“现在某个时间”以前的时间；二是指“说话、写文章的那个时间点”以前的时间，在这个意义上，“现在的那个时间点”是很小很小的，甚至于小到无法量化的程度。例如：
He got his driving license last month.他上个月拿到了驾照。
--Where's Jim? 吉姆在哪里？--He just went out.他刚刚出去。
3、一般将来时
主要用来描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况。这里所说的“将来时间”是指“说话、写文章那一刻以后的时间”。它的表示方法主要有如下几种：
1）shall / will + 动词原形这种表示方法是说，动作在现在或目前还未发生，要在将来的某个时间内发生；它没有主观性，是“纯粹的将来动作”。例如：
I shall / will not be free tomorrow.我明天没空。He will arrive here this evening.他今晚抵达这里。2)be(am / is / are)+ going +不定式
这种表示方法主要是说明A）“说话人的意图、打算”；B）“某种可能性”。例如：
A)He is going to spend his holidays in London.他打算在伦敦度假。
Who is going to speak first? 谁先发言？ B)It is going to rain soon.马上要下雨了。Is he going to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集资料吗？
If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the place.如果你去新西兰，你会喜欢上那个地方的。
3)be(am / is / are)+ 不定式表示方法描述两钟情况： 按计划安排要发生的动作，这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远； 要求或命令他人做某事。例如：
A)The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days.新桥三天后通车。
The factory is to go into production before National Day.这家工厂国庆节前投产。
B)You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room.任何移动通讯工具都不得带入考场。
You are to stay home until your mother comes back.你妈回来之前你不要出去。
4)用一般现在时或现在进行时（限于某些动词）表示按计划安排要发生的事。这种表示方法实际上已经在上面“一般现在时之4）”中谈过。主要强调“按计划安排要发生的事”。例如：
Do you get off at the next stop? 你下一站下车吗？ The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m.那架飞机上午十一点起飞。
Mr.Reider is leaving for New York next week.里德先生下周动身去纽约。
4、过去将来时
表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个“将来”时间绝不会延伸到“现在”；而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于： A）宾语从句或间接引语中；B）表示过去习惯性的动作；C）表示过去情况中的“愿望”、“倾向”，多用于否定句。例如：
A)When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be.当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。
She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day.她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。
He didn't expect that we would all be there.他没料到我们会全在那儿。
B)During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day.在那段时间，他每天早锻炼。
Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework.无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。
C)No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it.不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。
They knew that we would never permit such a thing.他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。
Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave.甚至在讲座结束之后，听众仍不肯离去。
5、现在进行时
主要用来描述“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作，或是“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。它适用于下面的情况：
1）“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作。例如： They are having a football match.他们正在赛足球。She is writing her term paper.她正在写学期论文。Someone is asking for you on the phone.有人找你听电话。
2）“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生，而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着，或是重复地发生着。例如：
He is preparing for CET Band Six.他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。
How are you getting along with your new job？ 你那份新工作干得怎么样？
3）表示说话人的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行，而是表示经常性，相当于“一般现在时”所描述的情况。例如：
He is always thinking of others , not of himself.（表示赞许）他总是为他人着想，而不为自己。
She is often doing well at school.（表示满意）她在学校学习挺不错的。Are you feeling better today?（表示亲切）你今天觉得好一些吗？
One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不满）我的一个室友老是乱扔东西。
Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us.（表示不喜欢）有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品。
4）表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作,用于这种情况仅限于少量的动词，如：go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch(吃午饭), return, dine(进餐，尤指晚餐), work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear(穿，戴)等。例如：
I'm dinning out with my friends this evening.今晚我将和朋友在外面吃饭。
An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon.今天下午一位美国教授要来作报告。
We are having a holiday next Wednesday.下周三我们放假。
Are you staying here till next week? 你要在这儿呆到下星期吗？
6、过去进行时
主要表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作。由于它的定义是表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作，所以，句子常带有一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语可能是短语，词组，或是一个从句。也可能是通过上下文来表达这层意思。过去进行时主要用于下面的情景中： 1）表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作，例如：
At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。
When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.上次我来看她的时候，她正在写一篇文章。
What were you doing at eight last night ? 昨晚八点钟你在做什么？
2）用于故事的开头，交代故事发生的背景情况。
过去进行时所描述的动作是“正在进行”，所以，在这种情景中用“过去进行时”可以给读者一种“动感”，从而能使文章更加生动活泼。例如：
One night, he was typing in his study.Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity ….一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源……
3)（仅限少数动词）表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。例如：
When National Day was coming near , they began to make a plan for the holiday.国庆节即将来临的时候，他们开始制订度假计划。She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.她告诉我她将去海南度假。
My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that day.我朋友对我说，他今天要与他的一位客户一块儿吃午饭。
We left there when it's getting dark.天快黑的时候，我们离开了那儿。
7、将来进行时
主要表示：A）在将来某时候正在进行的动作；B）预计、安排即将发生或势必发生的动作。例如：
A）在将来某时候正在进行的动作：
You can have a meeting in my office on Friday.I won't be using it.星期五你可以在我的办公室开会。那会儿我不用它。
What will you be doing tomorrow morning? 明天上午你做什么？
It won't be long before that we will be making a new computer for more advanced calculation.不久我们就要造一部新计算器进行更高级的运算。
I can't go to the party tonight.I'll be seeing off a friend.今晚我不能参加聚会了。我要给一位朋友送行。
B）预计、安排即将发生或势必发生的动作： 在这里，将来进行时与一般将来时很接近，但是前者强调动作“按计划、安排要发生；间或也表示委婉、客气”，而后者只表示“动作会在未来时间发生”。
We shall be meeting at the school gate.我们在校门口见面。
What shall we be doing next ? 我们干什么？ If you don't do so , you will be facing great difficulties.你如果不这样做就会面临很大的困难。
Shall I be interrupting you if I stay here for a while? 要是我在这儿呆一会儿，会干扰你们吗？
8、现在完成时
对于初接触现在完成时的人来说，往往会产生一种茫然，因为它似乎与一般过去时相似。那就是，这两种时态描述的动作都始于过去。其实不然，现在完成时主要表示，发生在过去的动作延续到现在刚刚完成、或许还要延续；侧重于这个动作对现在带来的结果、产生的影响、积累的总和等等。而一般过去时则只不过是表示动作发生在过去的什么时候。弄清了这一区别，就很容易理解现在完成时了。它主要适用于下面的几种情况： 1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作
By now, I have collected all the data that I need.到现在为止，我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。
She has read 150 pages today.她今天已看了150页。We haven't met for many years.我们已多年没见了。They have developed a new product.他们研制成功了一种新产品。
2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作
Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗？
She has been to the United States.她已去美国了。You have grown much taller.你长高了许多。3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续
It has been five years since he joined the army.他参军五年了。
They have learned English for eight years.他们已学了八年的英语了。
So far we've only discussed the first five chapters.至今我们还只讨论了前五章。几点注意
1)一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思，以及它所处的语言环境。例如：
He speaks English.（一般现在时，说明动作发生的经常性。）
He spoke English when he was in New Zealand.（一般过去时，说明动作发生的时间。）
He is speaking English.（现在进行时，说明动作正在进行。）
He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.（现在完成时，这里说明动作的总和。）
He has been speaking English since he came to the USA.（现在完成进行时，强调动作的连续性。）
2）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时；如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。
例如：I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.3)有些动词表示无法持续的动作，它们一般不宜用于进行时态中。这类动词常见的有：be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。
Be动词若是用于进行时态，可表示暂时、短暂的情况或表现。例如：
Tom is being a good boy today.汤姆今天很乖。He is being childish.他这样做是耍孩子气。You are not being modest.你这样说不太谦虚。4）关于现在完成时的时间状语问题.A.凡是“完成时态”都表示，不知道也不管动作发生的具体时间, 所以在使用现在完成时的句子里，不可以带有表示具体过去时间的状语，如：yesterday , last week(month , year , etc.), two weeks ago , in 1999等；但常和有些副词连用，如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。
B.在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。另外，ago不能用于现在完成时的句子里，因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间，属于表示具体过去时间的状语。但是可以用before 来表示“以前”的意义，因为它只表示“以前”，而不知什么时候的以前。
C.如果是不表示连续性的动词用于现在完成时的句子，不可以和以for表示的“一段时间”的状语连用。在这种情况下，应该用“It has been … ；since…”的句式来表达。如：
He has joined the army for five years.（错误）It has been five years since he joined the army.（正确）
★哈佛大学★英语系研究，美国布什推荐。专为中
第三篇：英语时态(初中英语动词时态归纳总结对照表)
初中英语动词时态归纳总结对照表
初中英语时态专项练习
1、一般现在时。通常用“ usually, often, every day, sometimes”。一般现在时基本用法介绍 一、一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
二、一般现在时的构成: 肯定句：
1).主语+系动词 be(is, am, are)+名词（形容词，介词短语）
2).其他主语+动词原形+其它 第三人称单数+动词-s+其它 如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。We study English.我们学习英语。
Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。三、一般现在时的变化 否定句：
1)主语+ be（is,am,are）+ not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
2)其他主语+do not(don’t)动词原形+其它 I don't like bread 第三人称单数+does not(doesn’t)动词原形+其它He doesn't often play.一般疑问句：1)Be（Is,Are）+主语+其它?如：-Are you a student?-Yes.I am./ No, I'm not.2)Do其他主语+动词原形+其它？ Does+第三人称单数+动词原形+其它+？ 注意：遇I/we—you, my—your, some—any.Does she go to work by bike?-Yes, she does./ No, she doesn't.Do you often play football?-Yes, I do./ No, I don't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? How does your father go to work? 一般现在时用法专练:
一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1.He often ________(have)dinner at home.2.Daniel and Tommy _______(be)in Class One.3.We _______(not watch)TV on Monday.4.Nick _______(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.5.______ they ________(like)the World Cup?
二、按照要求改写句子
1.Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)2.I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)3.She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)7.I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)8.John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)
三、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1.Is your brother speak English? __________________ 2.Does he likes going fishing? __________________ 3.He likes play games after class.__________________ 4.Mr.Wu teachs us English.__________________ 5.She don’t do her homework on Sundays._________________
2、现在进行时。通常用“now/look/listen”.1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2．现在进行时的结构：.肯定句 ： 主语+be（is,am,are）+动词现在分词-ing eg: I am(not)doing my homework.You/We/They are(not)reading.He/She/It is(not)eating.否定句：主语+be（is,am,are）+not + 动词现在分词-ing 一般疑问句：Is(Are)+主语+动词现在分词-ing？ 特殊疑问：疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing? 3.动词加ing的变化规则 1)一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2)以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping,swim—swimming 4.现在进行时专项练习：
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________(draw)a picture now.2.Listen.Some girls _______________(sing)in the classroom.3.My mother _________________(cook)some nice food now.4.What _____ you ______(do)now? 5.Look.They _______________(have)an English lesson.10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes? Yes ,she is.三、句型转换：
1.They are doing housework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)2．The students are cleaning the classroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)3．I’m playing the football in the playground.(对划线部分进行提问)
① ②
3、一般过去时态 一般过去时通常用 “a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last„”等。1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t）⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t）
⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3.行为动词的一般过去时变化
5.特殊疑问句：
⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 过去时练习: 写出下列动词的过去式 isam_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ Be动词的过去时练习:A
一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1.I _______ at school just now.2.He ________ at the camp last week.3.We ________ students two years ago.4.They ________ on the farm a moment ago.5.Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.二、句型转换 1.It was exciting.否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 2.All the students were very excited.否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 行为动词的过去时练习:B
一、用行为动词的适当形式填空
1.He _________(live)in Wuxi two years ago.2.The cat ________(eat)a bird last night.3.We _______(have)a party last Halloween.4.Nancy ________(pick)up oranges on the farm last week.5.I ________(make)a model ship with Mike yesterday.二、句型转换
1.Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 2.We sang some English songs.否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
三、中译英
1．格林先生去年住在中国。2.昨天我们参观了农场。3.他刚才在找他的手机。过去时综合练习A
一、用动词的适当形式填空
1.It ______(be)Ben’s birthday last Friday.2.We all ______(have)a good time last night.3.He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now.(play)4.Jim’s mother _________(plant)trees just now.5._______ they ________(sweep)the floor on Sunday? No, they _____.二、中译英 1.我们上周五看了一部电影。
2.他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。
3.你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。
4、一般将来时
概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year„),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。1.基本结构：①主语+be(is,am,are)going to +动词原形.②主语+will+ 动词原形.2.否定句：①主语+be(is,am,are)+not +going to +动词原形.②主语+will +not(won’t)+ 动词原形.例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.3.一般疑问句：①Is(Are)+主语 +going to +动词原形.+? ②Will+主语+动词原形+? 例：We are going to go on an outing this weekend.→ Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? Yes,we are.No, we aren’t.Will he go to Beijing next week? Yes,he will.No,he won’t.4.对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1).问人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon.→Who’s going to New York soon.2).问干什么。What „ do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.→What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3).问什么时候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine.→When is she going to bed? 5同义句：be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）.= I will go swimming tomorrow.一、练习：填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.I ________ have a picnic with my friends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________.She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
二、改句子。
5.Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy ________ going to go camping.6.I’ll go and join them.（改否定）I _______ go ______ join them.7.I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8.We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9.She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 10.My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.三、用所给词的适当形式填空。
11.Today is a sunny day.We ___________________(have)a picnic this afternoon.12.My brother _______________(go)to Shanghai next week.13.Tom often ______________(go)to school on foot.But today is rain.He ______________(go)to school by bike.14.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________(watch)TV and ____________(catch)insects? 15.It’s Friday today.What _____she _________(do)this weekend? She ______________(watch)TV and _____________(catch)insects.16.What ___________(d0)you do last Sunday? I ____________(pick)apples on a farm.What ______________(do)next Sunday? I ______________(milk)cows.17.Mary ____________(visit)her grandparents tomorrow.18.Liu Tao ____________(fly)kites in the playground yesterday.19.David ______________(give)a puppet show next Monday.20.I ________________(plan)for my study now.5.过去进行时：
肯定句：主语+助动词be(was,were)+动词现在分词-ing+其它 否定句：主语+助动词be(was,were)+not+动词现在分词-ing+其它 一般疑问句：Was(Were)+主语+动词现在分词-ing+其它？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+was(were)+动词现在分词-ing+其它? 用法:
1、表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time yesterday等，或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作（即与when, while引出的时间状语从句连用）。例：They were talking about a film at six yesterday evening.昨晚6点他们正在谈论一部电影。What were you doing at this time last week? 上周的这个时候你在干什么？ When the teacher came in, they were talking.老师进来时，他们在讲话。
2、表示在过去某一段时间内进行的动作。
例：They were swimming from two to three yesterday afternoon.昨天下午2点到3点他们在游泳。She was watching TV the whole morning.她整个上午在看电视。
3、表示过去将要发生的动作。例：He said he was leaving on Tuesday.他说他周二动身。Tom said he was going tomorrow.汤姆说他明天去。
4、用过去进行时描写故事背景。
例：It was getting dark.The wind was rising.天渐渐黑了下来，风势增强了。
The procession was going.He was standing among the crowd looking on.队伍在前进。他站在人群中观看。
5.过去进行时练习题：
一、单项选择
()1.My brother ___ while he ___ his bicycle and hurt himself.A.fell, was riding B.fell, were riding C.had fallen, rode D.had fallen, was riding()2.Tom ___ into the house when no one ___.A.slipped, was looking B.had slipped, looked C.slipped, had looked D.was slipping, looked()3.The last time I __ Jane she ___ cotton in the fields.A.had seen, was picking B.saw, picked C.had seen, picked D.saw, was picking()4.I don ' t think Jim saw me;he ___ into space.A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared()5.I first met Lisa three years ago.She ___ at a radio shop at the time.A.has worked B.was working C.had been working D.had worked()6.---Hey, look where you are going!---Oh, I ' m terribly sorry.________.A.I ' m not noticing B.I wasn ' t noticing C.I haven ' t noticed D.I don ' t notice()7.The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it.A.was traveling B.traveled C.had been traveling D.was to travel()8.I ___ my breakfast when the morning post came.A.had B.had been having C.have been having D.was having()9.When I arrived at his office, he ___ on the phone.A.was speaking B.spoke C.had been speaking D.had spoken()10.“ What ' s the matter, Ali? You look sad.”
“ Oh, nothing much.As a matter of fact, I ___ of my friends back home.”
A.just thought B.have just been thinking C.was just thinking D.have just thought
二、动词填空。
１．John_______（work）all day yesterday.２．He _______（walk）home when the（rian）_______begin.３． —What______you _______（do）at ten o'clock yesterday﹖ —I_______（studay）in class．
４．When Harry _______（have）breakfast Lily _______（telephone）him．
５．When I ________（go）to school this morning I ______（see）a car running into a bus． 6.This time yesterday Jack ______(mend)his bike.7.I ______(write)a letter at ten last night.8.It was six.The Greens ______(have)supper.9.When you ______(knock)at the door yesterday,I ______(do)some washing.10.While my mother ______(watch)TV, I ______(make)a kite.三、英汉互译。1.昨晚我给你打电话时，你正在干什么？ 2.上中学时，我住老师家里。
3.他昨天本来要看那场戏的，可是太忙了。
4.They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.5.Soon the whole town was talking about it.6.现在完成时
构成：肯定句：主语+助动词have（has）+动词过去分词-ed 否定句：主语+助动词have（has）+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+动词过去分词-ed 一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+have(has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+？用法：
1、表示说话之前已完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在是情况仍有影响。常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。
Mr.Wang has just come back from America.王先生刚从美国回来。
2．现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有for或since 等表示一段时间的状语。
如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.3.现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下: come / go / arrive / get / reach / move---be in/at open---be open die---be dead close---be closed become---be borrow---keep put on---wear buy---have leave-----be away(from)begin / start-----be on fall asleep----be asleep end/finish-----be over catch a cold-----have a cold join the army----be in the army, be a soldier join the Party----be in the Party , be a Party member 例：吉姆买这支已有两年了。Jim bought this pen two years ago.Jim has had this pen for two years.Jim has had this pen since two years ago.Jim has had this pen since 202_ It is two years since Jim bought this pen.4.在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来„„”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years;during the last three months;for the last few centuries, through centuries;throughout history 等 5.表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best(worst, most interesting)+名词 ＋that” 后面跟现在完成时。
例：This is my first time that I have visited China.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.That is the only book that he has written.6.have / has been to + 地点 意为“曾去过某地”，暗含目前已不在该地，仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。
have / has gone to + 地点 “到了某地去了”，暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到达了某地尚不确定。
如：He has gone to Shanghai.他去了上海。He has been to Shanghai.他去过了上海。7.现在完成时专项练习
一、单项选择。()
1、Both his parents look sad.Maybe they ________what's happened to him.Ａ.knew Ｂ.have known Ｃ.must know Ｄ.will know()
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? Ａ.already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ.Still()
3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
Ａ.just Ｂ.ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.a moment ago()
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.Ａ.is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written()
5、—Our country ______ a lot so far.—Yes.I hope it will be even ______.Ａ.has changed well Ｂ.changed good Ｃ.has changed better Ｄ.changed better()
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years.Ａ.was studying Ｂ.will study Ｃ.has studied Ｄ.are studying()
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.Ａ.know Ｂ.had known Ｃ.have known Ｄ.knew()
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film.I_______ it twice.Ａ.will see Ｂ.have seen Ｃ.saw Ｄ.see()
9、—These farmers have been to the United States.—Really ? When _____ there ? Ａ.will they go Ｂ.did they go Ｃ.do they go Ｄ.have they gone()
10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes.I _____ it a moment ago.Ａ.Did do finished Ｂ.Have done finished Ｃ.Have done have finished Ｄ.will do finish()
11、His father ______ the Party since 1978.Ａ.joined Ｂ.has joined Ｃ.was in Ｄ.has been in()
12、—Do you know him well ? — Sure.We _________ friends since ten years ago.Ａ.were Ｂ.have been Ｃ.have become Ｄ.have made
()
13、—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months.Ａ.been Ｂ.gone Ｃ.come Ｄ.arrived()
14、Hurry up!The play __________ for ten minutes.Ａ.has begun Ｂ.had begun Ｃ.has been on Ｄ.began()
15、It _____ ten years since he left the army.Ａ.is Ｂ.has Ｃ.will Ｄ.was()
16、Miss Green isn't in the office.she_______ to the library.Ａ.has gone Ｂ.went Ｃ.will go Ｄ.has been()
17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.Ａ.have been in Ｂ.have been to Ｃ.have gone to Ｄ.have been()
18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A.so they B.don’t they C.have they D.haven’t they()
19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A.How soon, comes B.How often, got C.How long, came D.How far, arrived()20、His uncle for more than 9 years.A.has come here B.has started to work C.has lived there D.has left the university
二、句型转换。
1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）
2、They have been here since 202_.(对划线部分提问)have they been here?
3、The old man _________ last year.He for a year.(die)（动词填空）
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)This factory ________ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换)Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years.（同义句）Her mother _______ the Party three years ________.7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.(同义句转换)_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here.It arrived ten minutes ago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)___________________________________________
三、汉译英。
1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。
2、他昨天收到一封信。
3、我父亲以前到过长城。
4、她还没有看过那部新电影。
5、她去过上海。
6、他这些天上哪儿去了？ 7.现在完成进行时
表示一个动作从过去某时开始，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。常与表示一段时间的状语，如：for two hours,since early morning,these few days 等连用。构成： 肯定句：主语+助动词have(has)+been+动词现在分词-ing 否定句：主语+助动词have(has)+not+been+动词现在分词-ing 一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ 主语+ been+动词现在分词-ing+? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ have(has)+ 主语+ been+动词现在分词-ing+? 例：It has been raining for three hours.We have been waiting here since an hour ago.How long has it been raining? 雨下多久了？
She has been sitting there for more than 2 hours.他已经在那坐了两个小时了。We’ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们常见面。
He has been telephoning me several times in two days.这两天他打好几次电话给我。
注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。8.过去完成时 构成：
肯定句：主语+助动词had +动词过去分词-ed+其它
否定句：主语+助动词had +not(hadn’t)+动词过去分词-ed+其它 一般疑问句;Had+主语+动词过去分词-ed+其它+？
特殊疑问句：疑问词+had +主语+动词过去分词-ed+其它+？ 例：There had been 25 parks in our city up till 202_.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.用法：
1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成或延续到某一过去时间的动作或状态，即“过去的过去“。这一动作可以是一直持续到过去这一时刻或将继续下去。这个过去的时间常用by，before after,）等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。例：The train had left before she got to the station.在她到车站以前，火车已开走了。
We had learned about 500 English words by the end of mine.到上个月为止，我们已经学了约500个英文单词。
Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了，他曾是我的一位好友。
2、用于以连词when, as soon as, as„as, before, after, until, now that引导的状语从句中或一些宾语从句中以表示动作发生的时间早于主句所表示的动作，可表示原因、动作先后等关系。如： 例：After I had finished my homework, I watched TV last night.（表时间先后）
We took a taxi home, as the last bus already gone.由于最后一班公车已开走，所以，我们就乘出租车回家。（表原因）
He got to the airport and suddenly realized that he had forgotten to bring his ticket.他赶到机场时突然意识到他忘了带机票。
3、用在一般过去时之后的间接引语中。
He told me that he had been seen the film the day before.他跟我说他前一天看过那个电影了。注意：过去完成时的句子中，终止性动词不能与一段时间连用，而状态动词的过去完成时必须和一段时间连用。如： He had already died.他已经死了。
He had been dead for an hour.他已经死了一个小时了。9.过去将来时 构成： 肯定句： 主语+助动词would+动词原形。主语+助动词was(were)going to+动词原形。否定句： 主语+助动词would+not(wouldn’t)+动词原形。.主语+助动词was(were)+not+ going to+动词原形 一般疑问句：Would+主语+动词原形+？ Was(Were)+主语+ going to+动词原形+? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+would+主语+动词原形+？ was(were)+主语+ going to+动词原形+? 例：I hoped she would succeed.用法
过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。主要有以下几种形式：
1、would + 动词原形
这一形式表示过去将来时间，通常带有表示过去将来的时间状语，多见于从句或间接引语中。I wanted to know when you would finish the article.我想知道你什么时候写完论文。
第四篇：初中英语动词时态练习题一(含答案)
初中英语动词时态练习题一（含答案）
1.I will tell him as soon as he _____ back
A.come B.comes C.will come D.came
2.Mary _____ on shoes when she ____ them.A.tries…buys B.tries… buies C.trys… buys D.trys… buies
3.The girl often ______ cold when she ______.A.cathcs…dances B.catches… dances C.catchs…dancees D.catches… dancee
4._____ he ____ himself there? No, I don't think so.A.Do…enjoy B.Does… enjoies C.Does… enjoys D.Does…enjoy
5._____ your teacher ____ from them very often? Certainly.A.Do…hear B.Does…hear C.Do… receive D.receive
6._____ your mother _____ some cleaning on Sundays?
A.Does…does B.Do…does C.Does…do D.Do… do
7._____ Tom _____to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he _____.A.Has… x…does B.Has…x…does
C.Does…has…has D.Does… have…does
8.Which teacher _____ lessons to you every day ?
A.does …gives B.does… give C.do… give D.gives
9.Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, ____? _____ , he does.A.does he…No B.does he…Yes C.doesn't he…No D.doesn't he…Yes
10.Mr Black often _____ fishing on Sundays, _____ he ?
A.goes…doesn't B.goes…isn't
C.doesn't go…does D.doesn't go…is
11.He usually _____ TV on Sunday evening.A.watch B.watches C.watching D.is watching
12.We'll go to play with snow if it ______ tomorrow.A.snow B.snows C.will snow D.snowed
13.Neither I nor he ______ French.A.speak B.doesn't speak C.speaks D.doesn't speak
14.Nobody ______ how to run this machines.A.know B.have known C.knows D.is knowing
15.The Young Pioneer _____ water for the old man every day.A.carry B.bring C.takes D.carries
16.Some are ______ in the river and some are ______ games.A.swimming… playing B.swimming…plaiing
C.swimming… I playing D.swimming…plaing
17.Look!The boy students are _____ football while the girls are _____.A.playing… dance B.playing… dancing
C.play… dancing D.play… dance
18.He _____ to do his lessons at eight every evening.A.is beginning B.is beginning C.begin D.begins
19._____ he _____ on well with his friends this term ?
A.Does…gets B.Does…get C.Is…getting D.Is…geting
20.Mr Smith _____ short stories, but he ____ a TV play these days.A.is writing…is writing B.is writing… writes
C.writes… is writing D.writes… writes
第五篇：英语语法—动词时态（推荐）
动词时态
英语语法中的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。动词时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段，即：“现在、进行、过去、将来”四种；所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时所呈现的状态，有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态和完成进行状态四种。由时态结合，便形成下列十六种时态： 一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，一般过去将来时； 现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时，过去将来进行时； 现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，过去将来完成时；
现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时，过去将来完成进行时． 一般现在时
1.概念：表示经常发生的情况、有规律出现的情况、总是发生的事和事实真理。2.时间状语：Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month„），once a week(day, year, month„），on Sundays（on Mondays „）.3.基本结构：主语 + do/does +其他；（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）。
4.否定形式：主语 + am/is/are + not + 其他（此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词）。5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。6.例句：（1）It seldom snows here.这里很少下雪。
（2）He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助别人。（3）Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。一般过去时
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month„），in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本结构：主语 + 动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词。
4.否定形式：主语 + was/were + not + 其他(在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词)。5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。6.例句：（1）She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。（2）I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙。一般将来时
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作、打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.标志：Tomorrow, soon, in a few minutes,，the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本结构：（1）主语 + am/is/are + going to + do sth（2）主语 + will/shall + do + do sth 4.否定句：在系动词is/am/are或情态动词will/shall后加not 5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。{首字母大写} 6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将有一场比赛和我们一起研究。
It is going to rain.天要下雨了。一般过去将来时
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语：The next day(morning , year„），the following month(week„），etc.3.基本结构：主语 + was/were + going to + do + 其它；主语 + would/should + do +其它 4.否定形式：主语 + was/were + not + going to + do;主语 + would/should + not + do.5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6.例句：（1）He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。（2）I asked who was going there.我问，谁要去那里。现在进行时
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, etc.look, listen 3.基本结构：主语+ be + doing + 其它
4.否定形式：主语 + be + not +doing + 其它 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
6.例句：How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉如何？ He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。过去进行时
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构主语+was/were +doing +其它
4.否定形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其它 5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。（第一个字母大写）
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段时间她在人民解放军部队工作。When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他进来时，我正在读报纸。将来进行时
1.概念：表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示询问、请求等。
2.时间状语：Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，in two days, tomorrow evening 3.基本结构：主语 + shall/will + be + 现在分词 + 其它
4.否定形式：主语 + shall/will + not + be + 现在分词 + 其它
5.例句：This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的这个时间，他们正坐在电影院。
He won’t be coming to the party.他不去参加聚会了。过去将来进行时 1.概念：表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，主要用于宾语从句中，尤其多用于间接引语中。2.基本结构：should/would + be + 现在分词
3.例句：They said they would be coming.他们说了他们将要来。
He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他说他不能来因为要开会。现在完成时
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语：yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since + 时间点，for + 时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本结构：主语 + have/has + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它
4.否定形式：主语 + have/has + not + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 5.一般疑问句：have或has放句首。
6.例句：I've written an article.我已经写了一篇论文。
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在过去的几年，农村发生了巨大的变化。过去完成时
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语：Before, by the end of last year(term, month„），etc.3.基本结构：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它
4.否定形式：主语 + had + not +p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.当我们到车站的时候，火车已经开走了。
By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上个月底，我们已经复习了四本书。基本结构：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 ①肯定句：主语 + had + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它
②否定句：主语 + had + not + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 ③一般疑问句：Had +主语 + p.p（过去分词）+其它 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 将来完成时
1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：by the time of;by the end of + 时间短语（将来）；by the time + 从句（将来）3.基本结构：主语 + be going to/will/shall + have + p.p（过去分词）+ 其它 4例句：By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回来的时候，就将发生巨大的变化。过去将来完成时
1.概念：表示在过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所会发生的动作，常用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去的事实相反。
2.基本结构：should/would have done sth.3.例句：I thought you'd have left by this time.我想这会儿你已经走了。
He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。现在完成进行时
1.概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。
2.基本结构：主语 + have/has + been + doing + 其它 3.时间状语：since + 时间点，for + 时间段等。
4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.我已经在这里坐了一个小时。
The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.从6点起，孩子们一直看电视。过去完成进行时
1.概念：表示某个正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，一直持续到之后的当前才结束。
2.基本结构：主语 + had + been + doing + 其它
3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？ 4.特殊含义：①尚未完成：He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。（他没写完）②企图：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾经学习过这个谚语。（他曾努力学习过它）③未得结果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们一直致力于敌人所说的。（但是我们没有理解）
④最近情况：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。（最近）⑤反复动作：He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我相同的问题。（屡次）⑥情绪：What had he been doing？他做了什么 将来完成进行时
1.概念：表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去，要视上下文而定。
2.基本结构：shall/will have been doing 3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我将在这个工厂工作20年了。
If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there.咱们如不快一点儿，等我们到了那儿，店门就会关了。过去将来完成进行时
1.概念：表示从过去某时看至未来某时以前会一直在进行的动作。2.基本结构：should/would + have + been +现在分词
3.例子：He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告诉我，到年底时，他就在那住了30年了。
