第一篇：十八大报告要点解读

The Analysis of the Humanitarianism in A Christmas Carol

Zhao Chengcheng(Class1, 2009, Foreign Language School, Qingdao Agricultural University)

Abstract: Charles Dickens is the outstanding realistic novelist in the 19th century.A Christmas carol is the masterpiece of Dickens which has fully reflected his humanitarianism.This thesis mainly analyzes the humanitarianism reflected in A Christmas carol and the impact of Charles Dickens‟ humanitarianism.This thesis analyzes Charles Dickens‟ humanitarianism from three aspects: the core of humanitarianism—love, influence of external, using love against evil things.Meanwhile it analyzes the impact of Dickens‟ humanitarianism on the future generation.Finally, we come to the conclusion that humanitarianism is necessary for a society to live harmoniously.Love, instead of money, is the highest treasure in the world.Keywords: Dickens;humanitarianism;love;impact

分析《圣诞欢歌》中的人道主义精神

摘要：查尔斯狄更斯是十九世纪杰出的现实主义小说家。《圣诞欢歌》是狄更斯的代表作，充分体现了作者的人道主义精神。本文主要分析了狄更斯的这部作品中所体现的人道主义精神以及他的人道主义思想对后世的影响。本文将从三个方面来进行分析：人道主义的核心——仁爱，外在的感化，以善抗恶。同时此文也将分析狄更斯的人道主义思想对后世的影响。最后得出结论，人道主义是社会生存与和谐所必需的，仁爱终将感化邪恶，战胜邪恶，仁爱才是世上最大的财富而不是金钱。

关键词：狄更斯，人道主义，仁爱；影响

1.Introduction Charles Dickens is widely considered the greatest novelist of the Victorian age.Dickens‟s works are always characterized by attacks on cruelty, moral indifference and social evils.Dickens‟s works are mainly promoting humanistic ideals.Humanitarianism begins from the Renaissance and start from humanity, then the humanitarians set up their ideological system and it bases on the abstract and universal humanity.Humanity is the main point and start point of Dickens‟ humanitarianism.He emphasizes the “love” is the most important points of his capitalist humanitarianism and firmly believe that its powerful function to solve the social problem and eliminate the class contradiction.He opposed the class exploitation and oppression.He dreams on using the morality to educate the society and then influence the villain.We can analyze his humanitarianism according to one of his famous works—A Christmas Carol.A Christmas Carol was published in 1843 which aroused extensive attention.It is generally accepted that Dickens creates the modern Christmas and make whole society know the real meaning of Christmas, that‟s the reason why this book so famous.This book mainly narrates a story about how a miser changes to a generous man and deeply aware of his evildoing.The main character Scrooge as typical of the capitalist who is shrewd in money matters everyday.He just knows save money in his lifetime, cheat workers out of cash indifferently.He rejects his nephew‟s greeting, gives nothing to the poor man.However, three spirits appears in his dream and takes him to the past, present and future time.It frees him from the chains which made by himself and Scrooge realized the real meaning of life.A Christmas Carol embodies the humanitarianism of Dickens clearly and it arouses the spirit of Christmas in people‟s mind.The core of this novel is “love”;Dickens portrays some typical characters that embody his view such as Scrooge‟s nephew, the clerk, and the little kind kids.At the same time, it expresses author‟s great anger to capitalism, sympathized with the working-class and underclass.And then the novel advocate that human beings should use love and kindness to solve the real problems, use humanity instead of cruelty to harmonize the contradiction, popularize the education and improve our society.A Christmas Carol became one of the most favorite novels since the Victorian age.Humanitarianism of Dickens exerted a far-reaching impact on the later age.2.Humanitarianism Reflected in A Christmas Carol

Dickens's humanitarianism formed in the Victorian age and had great influence on the literature of later ages.Zhao YanQiu pided Dickens‟s morals into three levels: the core is love and kind, the middle is brave, honest, and selfless, the surface level is the cultivation and attitude.This partition provides highly reference value for us to analyze the Dickens' humanitarianism(张之燕，2008:10).Dickens‟ humanitarianism is sentimental.Most of his works are characterized by 2 the deep sympathy for the people living at the bottom of society and mercy to the poor man‟s destiny.In A Christmas Carol, Dickens‟ humanitarianism is embodied in Scrooge‟s family and clerk‟s family, the typical poor family during the Victorian society.Humanitarianism reflected in A Christmas Carol from three aspects: the core of novel—love, the influence of external and using love to against the evil things.2.1 Embodiment of the “Love” Thought

2.1.1 Criticism of the Social Reality and Sympathy for the Lower Class As a critical realism writer, Dickens focuses on the important social problem.On the one hand, his work exposes the social reality and expresses the profound social significance.Through a detailed description of miserable life of Bob‟s family and the sad life of children the author shows the current situation of society.Scrooge‟s ugly face of capitalism was hated by all of the people.Dickens using humor and sarcasm to describe the misery of the lower-class people, his works removes the hypocrisy of the capitalism and brings the ugly face of capitalist society to the public.On Christmas‟ eve, two gentlemen came to the Scrooge‟s office to raise money.But Scrooge refuted them.Scrooge replied.“Nothing!I don‟t have a merry Christmas myself, and I won‟t pay for other people to be merry.We all have to pay for prisons and workhouses—they cost enough.The poor will have to go there.”(Charles Dickens, 2006:10)Scrooge refuted two gentlemen and let the poor man to die.He thought that it is a good thing if some of the poor man dies;all of these were none of his business.The words that Scrooge said reflect the hideous face of capitalism and these words also express the cold-blooded of the main character—Scrooge.Author use his hatred to Scrooge to expresses his hatred to the society in Victoria age and shows his prominent love to the underclass, especially to the poor children.Dickens‟ humanitarianism distinct reflects the criticism to the social reality.Dickens use vivid language to portray a typical miser image and reflects the ugly face of the capitalism society.The reality of society is hypocrisy and indifference.Dickens tries to do something to correct the situation and awaken the spiritual consciousness and purify the soul.His words strongly condemned the evil indeed of the capitalist society.On the other hand, Dickens is sympathy with the people who lives in the bottom of society.The description of the lower class in A Christmas Carol is filling with compassion.Dickens is sympathy with the miserable fate of the bottom.He uses vivid language to describe the tragic circumstance of the clerk‟s family and express the 3 active optimism of the poor man.Dickens‟s sympathy reflected in he gives love to the lower class.At the end of the novel, Scrooge had changed completely.Scrooge‟s changing reverses the fate of the bottom class directly.Scrooge leant his lesson from the spirits.On Christmas day, Scrooge awakened to the truth.He brought the biggest turkey and sent it to the clerk‟s family.Scrooge went to his nephew‟s home and shared the holiday happiness with his relatives.“A merry Christmas, Bob than I‟ve given you for a long time.I‟m going to pay you well, and help you with your family, and we„ll discuss it all this afternoon over a Christmas drink, Bob!Put more wood on the fire at once, Bob Cratchit, and let‟s be comfortable!”(Charles Dickens, 2006:88)Scrooge also paid double salary to Bob and gave him a happy holiday.All these prescriptions express his sympathy for the lower class.It is a representation of simple humanitarian spirit.He considers that good will be rewarded with good, and evil with evil.The kind hearted people would change their miserable destiny and get a fair.He advocates love and humanism, criticizes the immoral and the evil of the bourgeois society.Dickens gives readers a happy ending.In his view, no matter whoever you are, wherever you are, you will finally get your own happiness as long as you keep love in mind and remain loyal(张之燕,2008:14-15).2.1.2 Sympathy for the Miserable Life of Children In his lifetime, Charles Dickens used his pen to mould many typical miserable children characters in his works.Because of Dickens‟s miserable childhood experience, he sublimated his tragic fate to the sympathy for children.Dickens's miserable childhood break his heart permanent.When Dickens was very young he was happy and carefree everyday, but later when his father went to jail his life was full of distress and misery.All these experiences were significant helpful to his creation and to the formation of his innovate and dauntless idea.Dickens' inner mind is represented by his great attention to the children characters.It embodies his humanitarianism correctly, precisely and directly.The children characters in Dickens‟s works shaped by him are always faithful, kindhearted and like sage.And Dickens thinks that children are the truest representative of humanitarianism.His child‟s character owes always keeping faithful, pure and love.In A Christmas Carol, the most typical miserable children character is the tiny Tim.The novel describes tiny Tim like that “Poor tiny Tim had not walked since he was born, and although he could pull himself and his thin legs along with the help of a wooden crutch, he was not strong enough to travel far alone.”(Charles Dickens, 2006:44)Tim is really a kind child.He 4 believes that God bless every one in the world, No matter what they do, how bad they are.Love must be universal, especially to those who hurt us.The kindness of tiny Tim moved Scrooge very much.As Scrooge and spirit disappear in the light of the spirit‟s torch, Scrooge cannot take his eyes off them, especially Tiny Tim.At last author gave readers a happy ending, let clerk‟s family have their first happy holiday and the whole family get together.When “the weak” was driven into a corner, author always arrange a philanthropist appears even make the villain came to realize the truth.The sudden change of plot brings a happy ending really reflects Dickens‟s subjective wishes of humanitarianism.Dickens always pay great attention to “a small potato” like little tiny, Scrooge‟s nephew.It is undoubted that Dickens is a writer who deep sympathy with the oppressed people.He once appealed to the upper class: the living situation of the lower class is very terrible.It is dangerous to break out the resistance, from another prospective;it is also very dangerous to those people who dominated other‟s fate.(殷爱平，2012:14)

These characters are not only true to life but also larger than life.They show the lower classes' miserable situation with deep sympathy and indignation, especially children.And he has fashioned his characters that are innocent, tragic, helpless like Scrooge‟s nephew, tiny Tim, clerk Bob.These children characters show the writer's steadfast belief of human nature and beautiful idea.Through the descriptions of the children characters, Charles Dickens harshly criticized the bourgeois society, and at the same time showed deep sympathy with the benevolent.It also showed the innocent and painful of the poor.In his works, the justice finally would surpass the evil, and the truth would conquer the false and the kind hearted people would change their miserable destiny and get a fair.If William Shakespeare's humanism is aim to liberate people's minds from the feudal bondage, Charles Dickens is devote himself to relieve people from the exploit by the bourgeoisie(王娜，2011:02).2.1.3 Belief in the Idealism Interpersonal Relationship Along with the publication of a series of Christmas Books, Dickens becomes one of the most favorite writers in the Victoria age.He let people recognize the true meaning of Christmas spirit.He also reflects the “love” thought through the idealism interpersonal relationship.Charles Dickens took his pen as his weapon to reveal the brutal act of the members of the upper classes and showed the beastly behaviors they did to those people at the bottom.In A Christmas Carol, author portrays an idealism relationship between Scrooge and his clerk‟s family.Scrooge even moved by kind 5 people and then awakened to the truth.He decided to turn over a new leaf.At the beginning, Scrooge is a hard, clever, mean old man.There is nothing warm about him.He lives a secretive, lonely life, and takes no interest in other people at all.He thinks Christmas is humbug and a time when you spend too much, But then he changes to a kind-hearted, philanthropicminde people.We can see that the thought of young novelist is naive with his lively strokes and the optimistic tone.His thought advocates harmonies interpersonal relationship.Britain novelist says when he talks about The Pickwick Papers: „strictly, Dickens did not create a kind of literature, but a kind of myth.‟ It based on the brief of Dickens which advocates idealism interpersonal relationship.He advocates the justice and humanity and he is a capitalistic idealist.He expects that the society in that stage will become much better and he considers that only love and humanism can guide people to the lightness.As everyone knows, Dickens has living outside the country many years.His work is poignant;he knows the seamy side of capitalist society and pursuit of money through his heightened awareness.Dickens‟s work reflects that he pay more attention to the essence of ruthless bourgeoisie.There is no doubt that it is the result of myth.(殷爱平,2002:14).There is another idealism interpersonal relationship between Scrooge and his nephew.On Christmas Eve, Scrooge‟s nephew came to invite his uncle to share the wonderful festival.But his uncle rejected him and kicked him out four times.The little nephew left without any angry, he still hope to invite his uncle come to their home every year if he likes.At last, Scrooge‟s nephew forgave his uncle.How kind is the little nephew.He shows us how to treat the evil kindly.After the Scrooge wakens to the truth, he realizes the real meaning of life and love is the highest treasure in the world instead of money.Dickens hopes the world change to be a new sights and the capitalism take on a new look.Carton‟s prophetic vision of “a fair city”．“a beautiful city and a brilliant people rising from this abyss” echoes the prophetic writing of Blake，Coleridge，and Wordsworth，who also not agree with the bloody revolution．It based on the brief of Dickens which advocates idealism interpersonal relationship.He advocates the justice and humanity as a capitalistic idealist.Dickens hopes that people forgive each other, love each other.Poor man should not lose their dignity and rich man should be merciful to the bottom class of society.We can say that the core of Dickens‟s humanitarianism is “love”, this thought throughout his literature works.He expects that our society will become better and he believes someday we can achieve the 6 idealism interpersonal relationship(殷爱平，2002:15).Britain novelist thought Dickens did not create a kind of literature, but a kind of myth(John O.Jordan, 2004:68).2.2 Advocation of the External Influence and Using Love against Evil

Dickens‟ humanitarianism emphasizes the external influence instead of the inner struggle and wake up to reality.His thought is heteronomy, not autonomy.There always have several kind men like sage in Dickens‟ novel.They seem to bathe themselves in God‟s glory, and disseminate the beauty and love.They all perfect as the God.Some people refer to it as a belief and make use of the belief to repent.We rarely to see the confrontation in their inner mind and most of their change was caused by the external influence.Most of his works are characterized by the deep sympathy for the people living at the bottom of society and mercy to the poor man‟s destiny.Their behavior changed him.Different from Dostoevsky, Dickens believes that the majority of people really are inherently good.Most evil people changed by the environment.He teaches his son: “My dear son!Never be ruthless and arrogant to any poor people.They‟re dreadful, because their friends are not kind-hearted.They would be kind if their friends are kind.Thinking about how the Jesus teach them when you heard someone tale about the poor man and suffering man.”

There‟re four people influenced Scrooge most in A Christmas Carol.Firstly thanks to three ghosts who appearance on Christmas Eve.Actually the ghosts are the prototype of Scrooge‟s friends Mallet.Novel hinted about Scrooge is stingy as Mallet, so when Scrooge was shocked when he saw three ghosts came to his home.In fact, Ghosts is Scrooge‟s looks in mirror, Scrooge saw the fateful consequences of his evil deeds.It makes him anew examines himself.He knew stingy drove his mind inward and indiffence.From then on, he realized his errors and mended his ways.Three ghosts took Scrooge to the past, present and future.When they came to the past, they saw Scrooge‟s boss, old Fezziwig, who treats him as his son.Scrooge thinks back on his life in the past.His boss not only gives him many add rewards but also give him an early start to his holiday.On Christmas Eve, old Fezziwig invite the fiddler to play Christmas songs.All of them laughing and singing together.Old Fezziwig stands a sharp contrast to the selfishness Scrooge.It let Scrooge know that it is easy enough to amuse other people.Scrooge says “No, spirit, you see, our employer can make us happy or sad.His words, his looks, all these things are so important!The happiness that he gives is just as valuable as money!”(Charles Dickens, 2006:34)Actually, old Fezziwig influenced Bob by his kindness.Then Scrooge 7 thought of his evil deeds and regret profoundly.Then the ghosts took Scrooge to the present, his nephew‟s family.The second sage is Scrooge‟s nephew.He let his uncle feel the love of family.The little nephew invites his uncle to share the Christmas day and thanks his uncle brings them this beautiful life.He thinks it‟s sad to think of his uncle every Christmas.Uncle can be cross and miserable if he likes, but he‟ll go on inviting him and someday perhaps he‟ll think better of Christmas!He was influenced by all these kind behaviors.Because they believe Scrooge is kind in his inner heart.When Scrooge hears his nephew saying like that he felt guilty.Thinking of his horrible attitude to his nephew, he hangs his head in shame.Bob is the third people who moved Scrooge very much.Bob is Scrooge‟s clerk.His home is as poor as a church.Because of the poor salary, they can‟t buy a real turkey.Children are very exciting because their family has a really big chicken for dinner.But in fact it was only a small chicken, but it seemed large to the excited children.But they are not complaining about the society and the boss at all.On the contrary, they bless the Scrooge health and happy every day.„Mr.Scrooge!‟ said Bob.„Let‟s drink to Mr.Scrooge, whose money has paid for this meal!‟ „Well, I‟ll drink to his health only because of you and because it is Christmas.Long life to Mr.Scrooge!A merry Christmas and a happy new year to him!(Charles Dickens, 2006:60)‟ In fact, everyone is kind hearted, so does Scrooge.He is the people who willing to repent.He has both kind and evil character in his mind.He can‟t save himself but he knows himself clearly.Because of the complex environment, he keeps his way of life.Once the saint strength makes efforts to change him, it will be recalling his humanity of love easily.Ahter these experiences Scrooge changed completely and he realized the true meaning of Christmas.The novel shows us through Scrooge‟s words.“I will be good to other people.I will keep Christmas in my heart, and will try to be kind, and cheerful, and merry, every day.Money can‟t buy a happy life, or a peaceful death!” Scrooge said.(Charles Dickens, 2006:78)Adherence to this concept, Dickens pays more attention to the effect of external influence and nothing is better than love to influencing others.3.The Impact of Dickens’ Humanitarianism on the Future Generation A Christmas Carol was one of the most masterpieces in the history of humanism.Later, it became the theoretical source of humanism movement‟s development.8 Dickens is wildly considered as one of the greatest novelist of the Victorian period and creates many memorable characters.During Dickens‟s lifetime, his works enjoyed unprecedented popularity and fame, and by the twentieth century his literary genius was fully recognized by scholars and critics.His short stories and novels continue to enjoy a great popularity among the general reading public.He put forward the ideal of creation, A Christmas Carol, not only became a classic work of humanitarianism, but also became one of the one hundred books which affecting the world deeply.Charles Dickens and his famous works deeply inspired people generation after generation.He glorifies kindness and love, criticize evil and hatred.Dickens‟ humanism is impact on the future generation.Dickens‟ humanism is undoubted of considerable realistic significance.Dickens hopes his work not only can help people to build up right values, philosophy, and moral view but also improve the social situation.Finally Dickens achieved his goal.People learnt the „kindheartedness‟‟ spirit which was cultivated by A Christmas Carol.Charles Dickens is also a great critic realism writer.His work tells us lots about capitalism social reality.He uses the typical characters satirizes the ugly phenomena in society.To some extent, Dickens‟ humanism deeply influenced many novelists since 19th century, such as Charlotte Bronte in British, George moxa lott, hardy, Henry James in America and Dostoevsky in Russia.Dostoevsky read Dickens‟ work so many times that Dickens‟ thought deeply affect his thoughts and life.Pearl buck, very famous in literary world in 20th century, is also deeply influenced by Dickens‟s humanitarianism.She ever wrote in A Debts to Dickens: “my feeling for Dickens is different from others.He let me see different kinds of people.He taught me love these people no matter they‟re rich or poor, no matter they‟re children or old man.He taught me we should hated hypocrisy.he let me know that mercy is the best moral in the world and kindness is the most beautiful thing in the world.” from the confession of pearl buck and her Christian spirit we can know that she is deeply influenced by Dickens‟s humanism.Actually, in real life, she is dedicated to charity.She is against race prejudice, stop sex discrimination.She is also condemning the British colonial rule.Writing and charity are the two main businesses in his life time and commit to the welfare projects in the old age.What‟s more, Dickens‟ humanitarianism has great effect on Chinese culture.With the Pressure of Western thought, many works of Dickens were translated to Chinese.In the first part of 20th century, China is during the turbulence time and 9 wartime.Dickens‟ humanitarianism thought emphasize love and kind;advocate the mediation of the class.It is filled with warm atmosphere and brings hopeful light to the society.Therefore, Dickens‟ works are deep loved by the entire world.But his thought is hard to accept by the writers who think society is the most important.Dickens‟ thought has a realistic significant in contemporary society.Dickens‟ humanitarianism thoughts are also have meaningful significance to new century.We live in a materialistic society;his humanitarianism may be a little sentimental.Love and kind cannot give us tangible things, but it brings us a fulfilling life.We couldn‟t have such harmonies life without humanism.And today, it has great theoretical and practical significance for us to re-read the thoughts and the writings of Charles Dickens.4.Conclusion Humanitarianism has a long history in the literary world and Dickens‟s humanism thought have an important influence on the later ages.This thesis analysis the humanitarianism from three aspects: the core of humanitarianism—love, influence of external, using love against evil things.From the typical kind characters we can get a conclusion that love is the core of humanism.Love can influence evil and love will prevail against evil.Love is the highest treasure in the world instead of material enjoyment.The justice finally would surpass the evil, and the truth would conquer the false and the kind hearted people would change their miserable destiny and get a fair.Furthermore, moral education is the chief remedy for all social evils.Dickens humanitarianism's miniature was praising the morals and criticizing the evils.What‟s more, Charles Dickens makes efforts to expose the evil phenomena in society and devotes all his life into the humanitarianism.He criticizes the social reality and sympathy for the lower class, especially for the miserable children.According to the sympathy for the miserable children in A Christmas Carol, we can see Dickens‟ humanism thoughts clearly.He thinks that human beings can be influenced by love and moral education.And it is cruelty and unnecessary to break out revolution, although he does not agree with what the capitalist have done.Everyone should love each other and only the humanism can improve this situation, using love against the evil things but not violence.Dickens believes in the idealism interpersonal relationship.Although it is only a good wish, someday we may achieve it if everyone pays attention to the moral promotion.Dickens‟ works not only exposes the hypocrisy side of upper-class society to public in Britain of the 19th century, but 10 also shows the miserable situation of lower class with deep sympathy, especially for children.And A Christmas Carol is the best work, which embodies his humanitarianism.Humanitarianism of Dickens exerted a far-reaching impact on the later age.In a word, the humanitarianism in A Christmas Carol is portrayed most vivid and strongly impact on capitalism.Through Dickens‟s thoughts, we realize humanitarianism is necessary for a society to live harmoniously.Love will influence evil and love will prevail against evil.“Love” is the highest treasure in the world instead of money.Reference 1.Charles Dickens.1997.A Christmas Carol[C].Oxford University Press.2.John O.Jordan.2004.The Cambridge Companion to the Charles Dickens[C].上海外语外交出版社。

3.王娜，2022，Analysis of Children Characters in Charles Dickens‟s Novel[D]，《中外文学文化研究》。

4.张之燕，2008，从人物形象看狄更斯的人道主义思想[D],湖南大学。5.殷爱平，2002，狄更斯“仁爱”思想初探[J]，《镇江高专学报》04期。6.罗京国，1981，狄更斯评论集[C]，上海译文出版社。

7.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens#Influence_and_legacy 8.http://www.teniu.cc/ 9.http://www.teniu.cc/w/barnes-noble-leatherbound-classics-charles-dickens-charles-dickens/ 11

第二篇：十八大报告要点解读

十八大报告要点解读

1.建成小康

【报告原文】：中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会，是在我国进入全面建成小康社会决定性阶段召开的一次十分重要的大会。大会的主题是：高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，解放思想，改革开放，凝聚力量，攻坚克难，坚定不移沿着中国特色社会主义道路前进，为全面建成小康社会而奋斗。

【要点解读】：从“建设”到“建成”，一字的变化，却是质的飞跃；这一字之改的“含金量”很高，为我们扎扎实实迈向中华民族伟大复兴提供了一个看得见、摸得着、感受得到的阶段性目标，把全面建成惠及十几亿人口的更高水平小康社会美好前景，更加清晰地呈现在全国人民面前，必将极大激发全国人民的

2.两个翻番

【报告原文】：在发展平衡性、协调性、可持续性明显增强的基础上，实现国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比二〇一〇年翻一番。

【要点解读】：这是中共首次明确提出居民收入倍增目标。到那时，全国老百姓的衣食住行用水平将全面提高，基本公共服务均等化将总体实现，全民受教育程度和创新人才培养水平将明显提高，教育现代化将基本实现，农民工子女将平等接受教育，让每个孩子都能成为有用之才，城乡就业将更加充分，收入分配差距将会缩小，中等收入群体将持续扩大，扶贫对象将大幅减少，农业转移人口市民化进程将加快，城镇基本公共服务将实现常住人口全覆盖，人人享有基本医疗卫生服务，人居环境明显改善，住房保障体系基本形成。老百姓生活在社会主义中国的幸福感将普遍增强!【报告原文】：经济持续健康发展。转变经济发展方式取得重大进展，在发展平衡性、协调性、可持续性明显增强的基础上，实现国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比二〇一〇年翻一番。

【要点解读】：针对２０２０年全面建成小康社会的目标，十八大报告中提出“实现国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比２０１０年翻一番”的新指标。代表们认为，双指标同步提 出，说明我们不是一味追求经济总量的快速增长，而是下决心更加重视居民收入的提高。内蒙古阿巴嘎旗萨如拉图雅嘎查党支部书记、廷·巴特尔代表说：“报告针 对城乡居民收入增长提出明确的倍增目标，这体现了科学发展观的要求，进一步反映了我们党以人为本、民生优先的执政理念，让人倍感温暖。”

代表们认为，随着经济社会不断进步，全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标也在不断发展、完善，目标更高，标准更严。“实现这个温暖人心的目标并不容易，这是党和政 府在改善民生上自我加压。”廷·巴特尔认为，居民收入是硬指标，比起其他的民生指标更直接、更现实，最具有幸福感。甘肃省扶贫办主任、沙拜次力代表认为，将“收入翻番”确定为奋斗目标，更加凸显了中国共产党关注民生的基本立场。

从统计数据看，十六大以来，年均经济增速超过１０％；城镇居民人均可支配收入扣除价格因素年均实际增长９．２％，农村居民人均纯收入年均实际增长 ８．１％，是历史上增长最快的时期之一。“报告中提出两个翻番的要求，给我们明确了农村今后的发展道路，为我们指明了发展的方向和目标。”安徽省阜阳市颍 州区种粮大户葛浩新代表信心满满。

“收入翻番需要强有力的经济支撑，这需要我们紧紧扭住发展不放松，加快转变经济发展方式，不断做大做好‘发展蛋糕’。”廷·巴特尔说。

第三篇：十八大报告要点解读

十八大报告要点解读

科学发展观 ：总结十年奋斗历程，最重要的就是我们坚持以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想为指导，于推进实践基础上的理论创新，围绕坚持和发展中国特色社会主义提出一系列紧密相连、相互贯通的新思想、新观点、新论断，形成和贯彻了科学发展观。科学发展观对新形势下实现什么样的发展、怎样发展等重大问题作出了新的科学回答，把我们对中国特色社会主义规律的认识提高到新的水平，开辟了当代中国马克思主义发展新境界。

中国特色社会主义：建设中国特色社会主义，总依据是社会主义初级阶段，总布局是五位一体，总任务是实现社会主义现代化和中华民族伟大复兴。

全面建成小康社会：我们要准确判断重要战略机遇期内涵和条件的变化，全面把握机遇，沉着应对挑战，赢得主动，赢得优势，赢得未来，确保到二0二0年实现全面建成小康社会宏伟目标。

加快转变经济发展方式：经济体制改革的核心问题是处理好政府和市场的关系，必须更加尊重市场规律，更好发挥政府作用。

推进政治体制改革必须继续积极稳妥推进政治体制改革，发展更加广泛、更加充分、更加健全的人民民主。要把制度建设摆在突出位置，充分发挥我国社会主义政治制度优越性，积极借鉴人类政治文明有益成果，绝不照搬西方政治制度模式。

学习十八大精神：胡锦涛同志的报告高屋建瓴，立意高远，内涵丰富，重点突出，思想深刻，是一篇马克思主义的纲领性文献。报告全面系统总结基本经验，是我们党理论创新的重要成果，标志着我们党对共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律和人类社会发展规律认识水平的进一步提高，对于党和国家事业的发展具有长远的指导作用。

学习贯彻十八大精神，首先要准确把握十八大的基本精神，这是学习和贯彻的前提。“科学发展观”重要思想则是十八大的灵魂。“科学发展观”重要思想是对马克思列宁主义，毛泽东思想和邓小平理论的继承和发展，是加强和改进党的建设和发展的强大理论武器。是我们工作必须长期坚持的指导思想。确立“科学发展观”重要思想的重要指导地位，是十八大的一个历史性贡献。

第四篇：十八大报告要点解读

十八大报告要点专家解读

中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会于2012年11月8日上午在北京人民大会堂开幕。胡锦涛同志向大会作题为《坚定不移沿着中国特色社会主义道路前进为全面建成小康社会而奋斗》的报告。报告以高度凝练的语言，准确而鲜明地向党内外、国内外阐述了关系我们党和国家工作全局的一系列重大理论和实际问题，在与会代表和广大党员、干部、群众中产生热烈反响。党委宣传部专门编辑收集了有关专家对十八大报告要点的解读文章，现整理如下，提供给大家理论学习之用。

1.建成小康

【报告原文】：中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会，是在我国进入全面建成小康社会决定性阶段召开的一次十分重要的大会。大会的主题是：高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，解放思想，改革开放，凝聚力量，攻坚克难，坚定不移沿着中国特色社会主义道路前进，为全面建成小康社会而奋斗。

【要点解读】：从“建设”到“建成”，这一字之变，是个质的飞跃；这一字之改的“含金量”很高，为我们扎扎实实迈向中华民族伟大复兴提供了一个看得见、摸得着、感受得到的阶段性目标，把全面建成惠及十几亿人口的更高水平小康社会美好前景，更加清晰地呈现在全国人民面前，必将极大激发全国人民的奋斗热情。

2.两个翻番

【报告原文】：在发展平衡性、协调性、可持续性明显增强的基础上，实现国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比二〇一〇年翻一番。

【要点解读】：这是中共首次明确提出居民收入倍增目标。到那时，全国老百姓的衣食住行用水平将全面提高，基本公共服务均等化将总体实现，全民受教育程度和创新人才培养水平将明显提高，教育现代化将基本实现，农民工子女将平等接受教育，让每个孩子都能成为有用之才，城乡就业将更加充分，收入分配差距将会缩小，中等收入群体将持续扩大，扶贫对象将大幅减少，农业转移人口市民化进程将加快，城镇基本公共服务将实现常住人口全覆盖，人人享有基本医疗卫生服务，人居环境明显改善，住房保障体系基本形成。老百姓生活在社会主义中国的幸福感将普遍增强!3．两个“五位一体”

【报告原文】：（第一个五位一体）必须更加自觉地把全面协调可持续作为深入贯彻落实科学发展观的基本要求，全面落实经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设五位一体总体布局，促进现代化建设各方面相协调，促进生产关系与生产力、上层建筑与经济基础相协调，不断开拓上产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路。

—1—（第二个五位一体）全党要增强紧迫感和责任感，牢牢把握加强党的执政能力建设、先进性和纯洁性建设这条主线，坚持解放思想、改革创新，坚持党要管党、从严治党，全面加强党的思想建设、组织建设、作风建设、反腐倡廉建设、制度建设，增强自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力，建设学习型、服务型、创新型的马克思主义执政党，确保党始终成为中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心。

【要点解读】：党的十八大报告将中国特色社会主义事业总体布局从“四位一体”扩展为“五位一体”，这表明我们党对中国特色社会主义建设规律从认识到实践都达到了新的水平。早在1986年，党的十二届六中全会首次提出以经济建设为中心，坚定不移地进行经济体制改革，坚定不移地进行政治体制改革，坚定不移地加强精神文明建设的总体布局，这一“三位一体”总体布局从党的十三大一直延续到十六大。党的十六届六中全会提出构建社会主义和谐社会的重大任务，总体布局中增加了社会建设，拓展为“四位一体”。适应人民群众对良好生态环境越来越迫切的期待，党的十八大把生态文明建设放在了突出地位，纳入总体布局，拓展为“五位一体”。这“五位一体”的总体布局，对应着全国老百姓的经济、政治、文化、社会、生态五大权益。特别是通过生态文明建设，我们党和国家将在实现当代人利益的同时，给自然留下更多修复空间，给农业留下更多良田，给子孙后代留下天蓝、地绿、水净的美好家园。党的十八大报告中提出党的建设总体布局也是“五位一体”，（报告原文：全面加强党的思想建设、组织建设、作风建设、反腐倡廉建设、制度建设。）颇有深意的是，两个“五位一体”都有一项具有净化功能：中国特色社会主义事业“五位一体”总体布局中的生态文明，体现着自然界的净化；党的建设新的伟大工程“五位一体”总体布局中的反腐倡廉建设，体现的是中国共产党的自我净化。

4.民主协商

【报告原文】：要健全社会主义协商民主制度。完善协商民主制度和工作机制，推进协商民主广泛、多层、制度化发展。

【要点解读】：党的十八大报告提出健全社会主义协商民主制度，这是我国人民民主的重要形式，有利于就经济社会发展重大问题和涉及群众切身利益的实际问题广泛协商、广纳群言、广集民智，增进共识、增强合力。把中国特色选举民主同社会主义协商民主相结合，将有利于健全民主制度、丰富民主形式、扩大社会主义民主、发展社会主义政治文明，为实现最广泛的人民民主确立正确方向。

5．党的指导思想

【报告原文】： 科学发展观是中国特色社会主义理论体系最新成果，是中国共产党集体智慧的结晶，是指导党和国家全部工作的强大思想武器。科学发展观同马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想一道，是党必须长期坚持的指导思想。

—2— 【要点解读】：党的十八大报告进一步明确了科学发展观的历史定位，实现了党的指导思想的又一次与时俱进。我们党在推进马克思主义中国化过程中有两次历史性飞跃，第一次飞跃是形成了毛泽东思想；第二次飞跃是在改革开放新的伟大革命中，逐步形成中国特色社会主义理论体系。这个理论体系实现了我们党的指导思想的三次与时俱进，第一次是将邓小平理论列为党的指导思想，第二次是将“三个代表”重要思想列为党的指导思想，第三次是将科学发展观列为党的指导思想。因而这是党的十八大报告最大的理论亮点和历史贡献。

6.八个坚持

【报告原文】：在新的历史条件下夺取中国特色社会主义新胜利，必须牢牢把握以下基本要求，并使之成为全党全国各族人民的共同信念。必须坚持人民主体地位，必须坚持解放和发展社会生产力，必须坚持推进改革开放，必须坚持维护社会公平正义，必须坚持走共同富裕道路，必须坚持促进社会和谐，必须坚持和平发展，必须坚持党的领导。

【要点解读】：党的十八大报告对中国特色社会主义作出新的理论概括，强调在新的历史条件下，夺取中国特色社会主义新胜利，必须牢牢把握八个基本要求，分别是：必须坚持人民主体地位，必须坚持解放和发展社会生产力，必须坚持推进改革开放，必须坚持维护社会公平正义，必须坚持走共同富裕道路，必须坚持促进社会和谐，必须坚持和平发展，必须坚持党的领导。这八条，不仅条条都有强烈的现实针对性、长远指导性，而且作为全党全国人民的共同信念，必将极大地推进解放思想、改革开放、凝聚力量、攻坚克难，扎扎实实夺取中国特色社会主义新胜利，奋力开拓中国特色社会主义更为广阔的发展前景。

7.两个“百年”

【报告原文】：只要我们胸怀理想、坚定信念，不动摇、不懈怠、不折腾，顽强奋斗、艰苦奋斗、不懈奋斗，就一定能在中国共产党成立一百年时全面建成小康社会，就一定能在新中国成立一百年时建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家。全党要坚定这样的道路自信、理论自信、制度自信！

【要点解读】：这两个百年奋斗目标最早是在党的十五大报告中提出的，此后，党的十六大、十七大报告以及胡锦涛同志在纪念党的十一届三中全会30周年大会上的讲话中都作了重申。党的十八大报告再次重申这两个百年目标，是要强调，此时此刻，我们正处于近代以来中国历史上最接近中华民族伟大复兴目标的重要时刻，我们既倍加自豪，又对党和人民确立的理想信念倍加坚定，对党肩负的历史责任倍加清醒。也可以这样说，这两个百年目标必将成为我们夺取中国特色社会主义新胜利的两座里程碑。

—3— 8.24字核心价值观

【报告原文】：要加强社会主义核心价值体系建设。倡导富强、民主、文明、和谐，倡导自由、平等、公正、法治，倡导爱国、敬业、诚信、友善，积极培育社会主义核心价值观。

【要点解读】：党的十八大报告用24个字提出覆盖全国各方面意见、反映现阶段全国人民最大公约数的社会主义核心价值观的表述。这个表述是分别从国家、社会、个人三个层面进行的。

从国家层面看，是富强、民主、文明、和谐；从社会层面看，是自由、平等、公正、法治；从公民个人层面看，是爱国、敬业、诚信、友善。毛泽东同志一再强调正确处理国家、集体、个人三者利益关系，这三个层面的社会主义核心价值观的表述，也体现了同样的思想方法。在这个基础上，有利于积极培育社会主义核心价值观。

9.三型目标

【报告原文】：建设学习型、服务型、创新型的马克思主义执政党。

【要点解读】：党的十八大报告提出建设学习型、服务型、创新型的马克思主义执政党。这“三型”目标，表明我们对执政党建设规律的把握更自觉、更全面、更深刻。在党的十八大报告中，人民是个关键词，服务也是个关键词。坚持人民主体地位，更好保障人民权益、更好保障人民当家做主贯穿报告始终，为人民服务也贯穿报告始终。在社会主义经济、政治、文化、社会、生态建设部分的论述和部署中，处处体现了我们党和国家全方位为人民服务，加强各方面、各领域服务体系建设，加强各方面人群的服务功能、服务效能。同时，党的十八大报告也对基层“服务型”党组织建设作出了总体部署，必将充分发挥基层党组织推动发展、服务群众、凝聚人心、促进和谐的作用，进一步夯实党执政的基层组织基础。

10．文化活力

【报告原文】建设社会主义文化强国，关键是增强全民族文化创造活力。要深化文化体制改革，解放和发展文化生产力，发扬学术民主、艺术民主，为人民提供广阔的文化舞台，让一切文化创造源泉充分涌流，开创全民族文化创造活力持续迸发、社会文化生活更加丰富多彩、人民基本文化权益得到更好保障、人民思想道德素质和 科学文化素质全面提高、中华文化国际影响力不断增强的新局面。

【要点解读】：从十六大提出“文化体制改革”的任务，到十七大将“文化软实力”写入大会报告；从十七届六中全会首次从完整意义上制定“文化强国战略”，到十八大报告再度强调“建设社会主义文化强国，关键是增强全民族文化创造活力”，我们党对文化建设规律的认识越来越全面，越来越深刻。

—4—

第五篇：十八大报告要点解读(精简版)

十八大报告要点解读（精简版）

1.全面建成小康社会

从“建设小康社会”到“建成小康社会”，这一字之变，是个质的飞跃；这一字之改的“含金量”很高，为我们扎扎实实迈向中华民族伟大复兴提供了一个看得见、摸得着、感受得到的阶段性目标，把全面建成惠及十几亿人口的更高水平小康社会美好前景，更加清晰地呈现在全国人民面前。

2.两个翻一番

“在发展平衡性、协调性、可持续性明显增强的基础上，实现国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比二〇一〇年翻一番。”这是中共首次明确提出居民收入倍增目标。到那时，全国老百姓生活在社会主义中国的幸福感将普遍增强!

3． 两个“五位一体”

（第一个五位一体）全面落实经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设五位一体总体布局；（第二个五位一体）全面加强党的思想建设、组织建 设、作风建设、反腐倡廉建设、制度建设。两个“五位一体”都有一项具有净化功能：“第一个五位一体”总体布局中的生态文明，体现着自然界的净化； “第二个五位一体”总体布局中的反腐倡廉建设，体现的是中国共产党的自我净化。

4.民主协商制度

党的十八大报告提出健全社会主义协商民主制度，这是我国人民民主的重要形式，有利于就经济社会发展重大问题和涉及群众切身利益的实际问题广泛协商、广纳群言、广集民智，增进共识、增强合力。

5． 党的指导思想

“科学发展观同马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想一道，是党必须长期坚持的指导思想。”党的十八大报告进一步明确了科学发展观的历史定位，实现了党的指导思想的又一次与时俱进。

6.牢记八个坚持

“必须坚持人民主体地位，必须坚持解放和发展社会生产力，必须坚持推进改革开放，必须坚持维护社会公平正义，必须坚持走共同富裕道路，必须坚持促进社会和谐，必须坚持和平发展，必须坚持党的领导。”这八条，条条都有强烈的现实针对性、长远指导性。

7.两个“百年”实现现代化

“只要我们胸怀理想、坚定信念，不动摇、不懈怠、不折腾，顽强奋斗、艰苦奋斗、不懈奋斗，就一定能在中国共产党成立一百年时全面

建成小康社会，就一定能在 新中国成立一百年时建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家。”这两个百年目标必将成为我们夺取中国特色社会主义新胜利的两座里程碑。

8.24字社会主义核心价值观

社会主义核心价值观用24个字，分别从国家、社会、个人三个层面进行表述。从国家层面看，是富强、民主、文明、和谐；从社会层面看，是自由、平等、公正、法治；从公民个人层面看，是爱国、敬业、诚信、友善。

9.三型目标建设执政党

党的十八大报告提出建设学习型、服务型、创新型的马克思主义执政党。这“三型”目标，表明我们对执政党建设规律的把握更自觉、更全面、更深刻。在党的十八大报告中，坚持人民主体地位，为人民服务贯穿报告始终。

10． 增强全民族文化创造活力

从十六大提出“文化体制改革”的任务，到十七大将“文化软实力”写入大会报告；从十七届六中全会首次从完整意义上制定“文化强国战略”，到十八大报告再度 强调“建设社会主义文化强国，关键是增强全民族文化创造活力”，我们党对文化建设规律的认识越来越全面，越来越深刻。