第一篇：202_年4月1日至2日G20伦敦峰会公报全文

1.我们20国集团领导人于202_年4月2日在伦敦举行了这次峰会。

2.我们正面临现代历史上规模最大的全球经济挑战；自我们上次举行峰会以来，经济危机已有所加深，对每个国家无论男女老幼的生活都造成了影响，因此所有国家都必须联合起来解决这一危机。全球性的危机需要全球共同解决。

3.我们相信全球经济繁荣是不可分割的；实现可持续增长的责任必须由全球各国共同承担；全球经济复苏计划必须以勤勉劳作之家庭的需要及就业为中心，不仅仅在发达国家如此，在新兴市场和贫穷国家也应如此；全球经济复苏计划必须能反映当今之人的需要，也要能反映未来几代人的需要。我们相信，建立基于市场原则、有效监管和强有力的全球机构之上的开放型世界经济，这是可持续性全球化发展和所有各国日益繁荣增长的唯一可靠基础。4.有基于此，我们今天承诺将采取任何必要措施，目的是：  恢复经济信心和经济增长，复苏就业市场  修复金融体系以复苏贷款市场  加强金融机构以重建信任  融资和改革国际金融机构，以克服当前危机和避免未来危机  促进全球贸易和投资，摒弃贸易保护主义，巩固经济繁荣的基础  增进全面的、绿色的以及可持续性的经济复苏

5.我们今天已经达成的协议有：将国际货币基金组织(IMF)的可用资金提高两倍，至7500亿美元；支持2500亿美元的最新特别提款权(SDR)配额；支持多边发展银行(MDB)至少1000亿美元的额外贷款；确保为贸易融资提供2500亿美元的支持；利用国际货币基金组织已经同意的出售黄金(203,0.28,0.14%)储备的所得资金，为最贫穷国家提供优惠融资。这些协议共同组成了一项1.1万亿美元的扶持计划，旨在恢复全球信贷和就业市场及经济增长。

6.我们正在联手进行一次从未有过的财政扩张活动，将拯救或创造数以百万计的工作岗位；如果不采取这一活动则这些工作岗位将被摧毁。到明年底为止，这一活动总额将达5万亿美元，将全球产值提高4%，并加速向“绿色经济”的转型进程。我们保证将会持续加大必要的财政扩张规模以复苏经济增长。7.各国央行也已经采取了异于常规的行动。大多数国家已经大幅下调了基准利率，而且各国央行已经承诺，只要还有必要，就会一直维持扩张性的货币政策，此外还将动用包括非常规工具在内的所有货币政策工具以维持物价稳定性。

恢复经济增长和就业 加强金融监管

巩固全球金融机构

反对保护主义和促进全球贸易及投资 22.世界贸易的增长促成了世界半个世纪的持续繁荣。但是，现在它出现了25年来的首次下滑。需求的萎缩因保护主义压力的增大和商业信贷撤离而加剧。重振世界贸易和投资是恢复全球经济增长的核心所在。我们不会重犯过往时代保护主义的历史错误。为此我们重申在华盛顿许下的承诺：不得针对投资或商品及服务贸易设置新的障碍，不对出口施加新的限制，不得推行违背世贸组织(WTO)规则的措施来刺激出口。此外，我们将立即行动纠正已采取的这一类措施。我们决定将上述承诺的期限延长至202_年结束。

我们将努力把包括财政政策和支持金融业行动在内的国内政策行动对贸易和投资的任何不利影响降至最低程度。我们不会退而奉行金融保护主义，尤其不能采取限制世界范围内的资本流动——特别是流向发展中国家的资本——的措施

我们将立即把任何这样的行为通报WTO，我们呼吁WTO和其他国际组织共同在各自职权范围内监督我们履行上述承诺的情况并每个季度予以公布。与此同时，我们将采取一切力所能及的行动来促进和推动贸易及投资，我们将确保在未来两年中通过出口信贷和投资机构及多边开发银行(MDB)至少提供2500亿美元的资金来支持贸易融资。我们还将要求我们的金融监管机构将必备资本中的可用弹性资金用于贸易融资。23.我们将继续致力于就急需的多哈发展议程达成一个积极和兼顾各方的协议，这样世界经济总量每年至少能增加1500亿美元。为达成这一目标，我们承诺将维护议程已取得的进展，其中包括就议程形式所达成的一致。24.未来一段时期中，我们将把工作重点和政治关注重新转向这一关键性事务，我们将通过持续不断的工作和所有相关的国际会议来推动议程取得进展。

确保所有经济体公平而持续地复苏

第二篇：G20伦敦峰会公告全文

G20伦敦峰会公告全文（附英文全文）

伦敦首脑会议-领导者的声明

202_年4月2日.我们的20国集团领导人于202_年4月2日在伦敦召开会议。.我们面临着现代社会的世界经济最大挑战，自从我们上次会议以来，危机已经加深了，从而影响到每一个国家男女老少的生活，所有国家必须携手进行解决。一场全球性危机，需要全球性的解决方案。.我们开始相信，繁荣是不可分割的；这种增长，如要持续下去，就需要共享； 我们的全球恢复计划其核心必须在勤奋工作家庭的需求和就业，不仅在发达国家，也在新兴市场和世界上最贫穷国家也是如此；我们不能只考虑今天人们的利益，同样需考虑后代的利益。

我们相信，建立基于市场原则、有效监管和强有力的全球机构之上的开放型世界经济，这是可持续性全球化发展和所有各国日益繁荣增长的唯一可靠基础。.因此，我们今天承诺作出一切所必要努力，目的是： 恢复信心，发展和就业机会；

修复金融系统以恢复贷款；

加强金融监管以重建信任；

为国际金融机构积累资金和改革我们的国际金融机构，以克服这一危机，并防止未来危机；

促进全球贸易和投资，并拒绝保护主义，以巩固繁荣； 建立一个包容性，绿色和可持续的复苏。

我们将通过联手行动来完成上述承诺使世界经济走出衰退并防止这样的危机再次发生。

5.我们今天已经达成的协议有：将国际货币基金组织（IMF）的可用资金提高两倍，至7500亿美元；支持2500亿美元的最新特别提款权（SDR）配额；支持多边发展银行（MDB）至少1000亿美元的额外贷款；确保为贸易融资提供2500亿美元的支持；利用国际货币基金组织已经同意的出售黄金储备的所得资金，为最贫穷国家提供优惠融资。这些协议共同组成了一项1.1万亿美元的扶持计划，旨在恢复全球信贷和就业市场及经济增长。

在推出上述扶持计划以前，我们各国政府都已经分别采取了各自的措施，这组成了一项庞大的全球经济复苏计划，其规模是史无前例的。

恢复增长和就业机会

6.我们正在联手进行一次从未有过的财政扩张活动，将拯救或创造数以百万计的工作岗位；如果不采取这一活动则这些工作岗位将被摧毁。到明年底为止，这一活动总额将达5万亿美元，将全球产值提高4%,并加速向“绿色经济”的转型进程。我们保证将会持续加大必要的财政扩张规模以复苏经济增长。

7.各国央行也已经采取了异于常规的行动。大多数国家已经大幅下调了基准利率，而且各国央行已经承诺，只要还有必要，就会一直维持扩张性的货币政策，此外还将动用包括非常规工具在内的所有货币政策工具以维持物价稳定性。.我们的恢复经济增长的措施，直到我们恢复国内贷款和国际资本流动才会生效。我们已经为我们的银行体系提供了重要的和全面支持 ,如提供流动资金，重组金融机构和迅速解决受损资产。我们决心采取一切必要行动，通过金融系统恢复信贷的正常流动以确保重要机构系统的健全性，并按照20国集团的商定框架执行我们的政策以恢复贷款和修复金融部门。

9.总体而言，上述行动将组成现代历史上最大规模的财政和货币刺激计划，以及最为全面的金融业扶持计划。各国联手使得这些行动的影响力得以加强，而截至目前为止已经宣布的非常政策必须毫无拖延地加以实施。今天，我们已经进一步就1万亿美元以上的刺激计划达成一致，将通过全球金融机构和贸易融资为全球经济注入更多资金。

10.国际货币基金组织上个月预测，全球实体经济将恢复增长，到202_年底为止的增长速度将超过2%.我们确信，今天我们同意采取的这些行动，以及我们在维持长期财政可持续性的同时联手恢复增长和就业的坚定承诺，将会加快经济回归增长趋势的进程。我们今天保证将采取任何必要措施来确保这一成果，并呼吁国际货币基金组织定期评估已经采取的措施，以及全球各国还需采取哪些措施。.我们有决心确保长期财政可持续性和物价稳定，通过现在必须采取的措施，以支持金融部门和恢复全球的需求来建立可信的撤出战略.我们相信通过执行我们商定的政策，我们将控制经济的长期成本 ,从而减少在较长时期内财政巩固的必要规模。12.我们将以合作的、负责任的态度来实施所有经济政策，顾及这些政策对其他国家的影响，并将取消货币贬值的“竞赛”,构建稳定的、运行良好的国际货币系统。无论是现在还是将来，我们都将支持由公平、独立的国际货币基金组织对各国经济及金融业进行监管，对一国经济政策对其他国家的影响进行监管，以及对全球经济所面临的风险作出评估。加强金融监管和调控

13.金融业的重大衰退，以及金融监管措施的重大失误，是导致当前危机的根本原因。在我们重建公众对金融系统的信任情绪以前，经济信心不会得以恢复。我们将采取行动为未来的金融业建立更加强有力的、更加具有全球一致性的监管框架，从而对可持续性的全球增长形成支撑，为企业和个人的需求服务。.我们所有人都同意确保在本国推行强有力的监管系统，同时还同意建立更加具有一致性和系统性的跨国合作，创立全球金融系统所需的、通过国际社会一致认可的高标准监管框架。

加强金融监管必须能促进经济繁荣、体制完善和提高透明度；能抵御波及整个金融系统的风险；能缩小而非放大金融和经济周期；能降低经济对不适当的风险融资来源的依赖性；以及能阻止过度的冒险活动。

监管机构必须保护个人消费者和投资者、扶持市场纪律、避免对其他国家造成负面影响、减少“监管套利”的范围、支持竞争和动力、以及跟上市场创新的步伐。.为此，我们正在执行在上次会议上所确定和商定的措施计划（附于进度报告中）.我们今天还发表了一项声明，加强金融体系。我们对如下几点达成一致意见： 建立一个新的金融稳定工作组（FSB）,作为金融稳定论坛（FSF）的继任者，这个工作组包括所有20国集团的国家，FSF 成员，西班牙和欧盟委员会。

FSB 应与国际货币基金组织合作以警惕宏观经济和金融风险，并提出必要的以解决方案；

重塑监管体系以使各国官方能够鉴别并考虑到巨大的经济风险。

加强对所有重要的金融机构、金融工具和金融市场的监管与监督。这里首先应包括对重要的对冲基金的监督与监管。

签署实施FSF苛刻的有关支付和补偿的新原则，以支持所有公司的可持续补偿计划和公司对社会采取负责任的态度。

采取行动。一旦确认经济将要复苏，就应改善银行系统资金的质量、数量和可持续性。未来，所制定的秩序必须要防止过度的杠杆作用，并在繁荣时期建立资源利用作为缓冲工具。

采取行动抵抗不合作行为，包括避税。我们时刻准备着通过制裁，来保护公共财政和金融系统。拥有银行保密系统的时代已经过去了。我们注意到今天经合组织发布了一份关于全球论坛评估的反对交换税收信息国际标准的国家的名单。呼吁会计标准制定者与监管人员通力合作，以改善评估和准备措施的标准，取得一套具有针对性的高质量的全球会计标准。

加强对信用等级评估机构的监管与登记体制，确保它们符合国际惯例，特别是要防止不可调和的利益冲突。

16.我们要求各国财长按照《行动方案》中的时间表执行上述决议。我们已经要求金融稳定委员会（FSB）和国际货币基金组织（IMF）来监督进展情况，与金融行动特别小组和其他相关实体密切协作，并在11月份在苏格兰召开的下一次各国财长会议上提交一份报告。

加强全世界金融机构的力量

17.作为最近世界增长引擎的新兴市场和发展中国家目前也面临各种挑战。这些挑战现在增加了全球经济的低迷。为了提高全球的信心和有利于经济的复苏，应该将资金持续投入其中。这就需要下大力气巩固国际金融机构，尤其是IMF.因此，我们今天一致同意，通过全球金融机构追加8500亿美元可用资金，这笔资金将用来为逆周期支出、银行资本充足、基础设施建设、贸易融资、支持国际收支平衡、新债替旧债和社会支持提供资金，从而支持新兴市场和发展中国家的增长。为此目的：

我们同意立即通过将从成员国融资得到的2500亿美元投入到IMF以增加其资源。随后共同达成一个规模更大、更加灵活的新的贷款安排，再增加最高5000亿美元，并考虑是否有必要向市场举债。

我们支持由各多边开发银行（MDB）大幅增加至少1000亿美元的贷款，包括向低收入国家提供贷款，并确保所有多边开发银行的安全，包括拥有适当的资本。

18.这些资源应该得到有效和灵活的利用以支持增长，这一点至关重要。在这一方面，我们赞赏IMF取得的进展，包括它新推出的灵活信贷安排（FCL）,以及它对贷款和限制条件框架的改革，这将确保IMF的各种工具能够有效地解决各国收支平衡融资需要的内在问题，尤其是外部资本从银行和企业部门回撤的问题。我们支持墨西哥寻求FCL的决定。

19.我们同意支持一个总的特别提款权分配安排，此举将向世界经济注入2500亿美元并提高全球流动性，并要求对《第四次修正案》进行紧急修订。

20为了让我们的金融机构能够帮助管理危机并防范未来的危机，我们必须增强它们的长期相关度、执行效力和合法性。因此除了我们今天达成的大幅增加资金来源的协议，我们还决定对国际金融机构进行现代化改革，确保它们能够在面临新的挑战时有效地向成员国和股东提供协助。我们将改革它们的授权、规模和治理，使之适应世界经济的变化和全球化的新挑战，同时新兴市场和发展中国家，包括穷国在内，必须有更大的话语权和代表权。要实现这一点，就必须相应地通过提高战略远见和决策水平来增强这些机构的信誉和问责机制。

出于这一目的： ·我们要坚决执行202_年4月达成的IMF配额和话语权改革的方案，并要求IMF在202_年1月之前完成下一次配额审查。

·除此之外，我们同意应该考虑给予IMF官员更高的参与度，令其能够向IMF提供战略指导并加强其问责机制。

·我们将大力实施202_年10月通过的世界银行改革方案。我们希望在下一次会议上，即202_年春季会议上，将通过关于发言权和会议代表改革的加速时间表而得到更好的建议。

·我们赞同国际金融机构的首脑和高级领导层一定要履行一个公开、透明的选举过程； ·根据IMF和世界银行的最新报告，我们要求会议主席与G20财长进行广泛深入的探讨，并在下一次会议上向大家报告，以期为提高国际金融机构的反应速度和适应能力进行深入改革。

21.除了改革我们的国际金融机构，令其适应全球化的新挑战，我们同意在关于促进经济活动可持续性的一些关键价值和原则上达成一项全球共识。我们支持就经济活动的可持续性问题进行讨论以期形成一个宪章，并就此在下一次会议上作进一步讨论。我们注意到其他一些论坛已经开始研究这一问题，希望能够对经济活动可持续性问题的宪章做进一步研讨。

抵制贸易保护主义，提高全球贸易和投资 世界贸易增长的繁华景气已经支撑了近半个世纪。但如今它所呈现的是25年来首次的衰退。滋生的保护主义者恶化了需求的下降和贸易信贷的萎缩，重振世界经济和投资对全球发展是关键的，我们不能重复以往所采取贸易保护主义的历史错误。于此结束：

为此我们重申在华盛顿许下的承诺：不得针对投资或商品及服务贸易设置新的障碍，不对出口施加新的限制，不得推行违背世贸组织（WTO）规则的措施来刺激出口。此外，我们将立即行动纠正已采取的这一类措施。我们决定将上述承诺的期限延长至202_年结束。

我们将努力把包括财政政策和支持金融业行动在内的国内政策行动对贸易和投资的任何不利影响降至最低程度。我们不会退而奉行金融保护主义，尤其不能采取限制世界范围内的资本流动--特别是流向发展中国家的资本--的措施。

我们将立即把任何这样的行为通报WTO,我们呼吁WTO和其他国际组织共同在各自职权范围内监督我们履行上述承诺的情况并每个季度予以公布。

与此同时，我们将采取一切力所能及的行动来促进和推动贸易及投资，我们将确保在未来两年中通过出口信贷和投资机构及多边开发银行（MDB）至少提供2500亿美元的资金来支持贸易融资。我们还将要求我们的金融监管机构将必备资本中的可用弹性资金用于贸易融资。23.我们将继续致力于就急需的多哈发展议程达成一个积极和兼顾各方的协议，这样世界经济总量每年至少能增加1500亿美元。为达成这一目标，我们承诺将维护议程已取得的进展，其中包括就议程形式所达成的一致。

24.在今后一段时期，我们将重新关注这一关键问题，我们将通过持续不断的工作和所有相关的国际会议来推动议程取得进展。

确保公平和可持续再生

25.我们决心不能仅恢复经济的成长，我们还必须为一个公平和可持续的世界经济奠定基础。我们已经意识到，当前这场危机对最贫穷国家的冲击过重，我们共同负有减轻本次危机对社会影响的责任，以求将危机对全球发展潜力的长期破坏降至最低限度。

我们重申我们在千年发展目标会议上作出的历史性承诺，我们将致力于履行我们各自的官方发展援助（ODA）承诺，其中包括促进贸易援助、债务减免及格伦伊格斯（Gleneagles）会议上做出的承诺，特别是对撒哈拉以南非洲国家的承诺。

我们今天已采取的行动和已做出的决定将提供500亿美元来支持低收入国家的社会保障、促进贸易和安全发展，这是我们在危机中显着加大对低收入国家和其他发展中国家以及新兴市场扶持力度的一个组成部分。

我们正在为最贫穷国家的社会保障体系创造可利用的资源，其中包括通过对长期食品安全项目进行投资，以及通过向世界银行的脆弱性架构体系（包括基础设施危机机构和快速社会反应基金）进行的自发的双边捐赠；

我们已决定借助新的收入模式--即动用IMF出售黄金所产生的更多资源--和结余资金在未来2至3年中为最贫穷国家再提供60亿美元的形式灵活的特惠贷款。我们呼吁IMF在春季会议上就此拿出切实的计划。

我们已同意对《偿债能力架构》的灵活性进行再评估，我们呼吁IMF和世行在国际货币金融委员会（IMFC）和发展委员会的年会上就此作出通报。我们呼吁联合国和其他国际机构建立一个有效机制，监控当前危机对最贫穷和最脆弱国家的影响。

我们呼吁联合国协同其他国际组织，建立一个有效的机制对金融危机在最贫穷国家和最易受危机侵害的国家所造成的影响实行有效监控。

26.我们对受本次危机影响的人口的数量和范围有清醒认识。我们承诺将通过创造就业机会和收入支持措施来帮助那些受到危机影响的人。我们将建立一个对男性和女性均友好的劳动力市场。因此，我们欢迎伦敦就业会议和罗马社会峰会发布的公报和它们所提出的基本原则。我们将借助刺激经济增长、投资于教育和培训来支持就业，通过积极的劳动力市场政策和关注最弱势人群来鼓励用工。我们呼吁国际劳工组织和其他相关机构共同工作，对我们已采取和未来有必要再采取的行动进行评估。27.我们同意以最佳方式使用财政刺激计划的资金，以达成帮助经济有活力、可持续且绿色复苏的目标。我们将进行变革，转用清洁的节省资源和低碳排放量的新技术及基础设施。我们鼓励多边开发银行（MDB）致力于达成这样的目标。我们将共同确定和推行构建可持续发展经济的进一步举措。

28.我们重申我们在化解气候不可逆变化威胁方面的承诺，其依据是各国负有共同但有区别责任的原则。我们将致力于在202_年12月于哥本哈根召开的联合国气候变化会议上达成协议。

履行我们的承诺

29.我们已承诺共同采取坚决的紧急行动，将以上承诺转化为行动。我们同意在今年底之前再次集会评估我们履行承诺的进展。

London Summit – Leaders’ Statement 2 April 202_ 1.We, the Leaders of the Group of Twenty, met in London on 2 April 202_.2.We face the greatest challenge to the world economy in modern times;a crisis which has deepened since we last met, which affects the lives of women, men, and children in every country, and which all countries must join together to resolve.A global crisis requires a global solution.3.We start from the belief that prosperity is inpisible;that growth, to be sustained, has to be shared;and that our global plan for recovery must have at its heart the needs and jobs of hard-working families, not just in developed countries but in emerging markets and the poorest countries of the world too;and must reflect the interests, not just of today’s population, but of future generations too.We believe that the only sure foundation for sustainable globalisation and rising prosperity for all is an open world economy based on market principles, effective regulation, and strong global institutions.4.We have today therefore pledged to do whatever is necessary to: restore confidence, growth, and jobs;

repair the financial system to restore lending;strengthen financial regulation to rebuild trust;fund and reform our international financial institutions to overcome this crisis and prevent future ones;promote global trade and investment and reject protectionism, to underpin prosperity;and build an inclusive, green, and sustainable recovery.By acting together to fulfil these pledges we will bring the world economy out of recession and prevent a crisis like this from recurring in the future.5.The agreements we have reached today, to treble resources available to the IMF to $750 billion, to support a new SDR allocation of $250 billion, to support at least $100 billion of additional lending by the MDBs, to ensure $250 billion of support for trade finance, and to use the additional resources from agreed IMF gold sales for concessional finance for the poorest countries, constitute an additional $1.1 trillion programme of support to restore credit, growth and jobs in the world economy.Together with the measures we have each taken nationally, this constitutes a global plan for recovery on an unprecedented scale.Restoring growth and jobs

6.We are undertaking an unprecedented and concerted fiscal expansion, which will save or create millions of jobs which would otherwise have been destroyed, and that will, by the end of next year, amount to $5 trillion, raise output by 4 per cent, and accelerate the transition to a green economy.We are committed to deliver the scale of sustained fiscal effort necessary to restore growth.7.Our central banks have also taken exceptional action.Interest rates have been cut aggressively in most countries, and our central banks have pledged to maintain expansionary policies for as long as needed and to use the full range of monetary policy instruments, including unconventional instruments, consistent with price stability.8.Our actions to restore growth cannot be effective until we restore domestic lending and international capital flows.We have provided significant and comprehensive support to our banking systems to provide liquidity, recapitalise financial institutions, and address decisively the problem of impaired assets.We are committed to take all necessary actions to restore the normal flow of credit through the financial system and ensure the soundness of systemically important institutions, implementing our policies in line with the agreed G20 framework for restoring lending and repairing the financial sector.9.Taken together, these actions will constitute the largest fiscal and monetary stimulus and the most comprehensive support programme for the financial sector in modern times.Acting together strengthens the impact and the exceptional policy actions announced so far must be implemented without delay.Today, we have further agreed over $1 trillion of additional resources for the world economy through our international financial institutions and trade finance.10.Last month the IMF estimated that world growth in real terms would resume and rise to over 2 percent by the end of 202_.We are confident that the actions we have agreed today, and our unshakeable commitment to work together to restore growth and jobs, while preserving long-term fiscal sustainability, will accelerate the return to trend growth.We commit today to taking whatever action is necessary to secure that outcome, and we call on the IMF to assess regularly the actions taken and the global actions required.11.We are resolved to ensure long-term fiscal sustainability and price stability and will put in place credible exit strategies from the measures that need to be taken now to support the financial sector and restore global demand.We are convinced that by implementing our agreed policies we will limit the longer-term costs to our economies, thereby reducing the scale of the fiscal consolidation necessary over the longer term.12.We will conduct all our economic policies cooperatively and responsibly with regard to the impact on other countries and will refrain from competitive devaluation of our currencies and promote a stable and well-functioning international monetary system.We will support, now and in the future, to candid, even-handed, and independent IMF surveillance of our economies and financial sectors, of the impact of our policies on others, and of risks facing the global economy.Strengthening financial supervision and regulation

13.Major failures in the financial sector and in financial regulation and supervision were fundamental causes of the crisis.Confidence will not be restored until we rebuild trust in our financial system.We will take action to build a stronger, more globally consistent, supervisory and regulatory framework for the future financial sector, which will support sustainable global growth and serve the needs of business and citizens.14.We each agree to ensure our domestic regulatory systems are strong.But we also agree to establish the much greater consistency and systematic cooperation between countries, and the framework of internationally agreed high standards, that a global financial system requires.Strengthened regulation and supervision must promote propriety, integrity and transparency;guard against risk across the financial system;dampen rather than amplify the financial and economic cycle;reduce reliance on inappropriately risky sources of financing;and discourage excessive risk-taking.Regulators and supervisors must protect consumers and investors, support market discipline, avoid adverse impacts on other countries, reduce the scope for regulatory arbitrage, support competition and dynamism, and keep pace with innovation in the marketplace.15.To this end we are implementing the Action Plan agreed at our last meeting, as set out in the attached progress report.We have today also issued a Declaration, Strengthening the Financial System.In particular we agree: to establish a new Financial Stability Board(FSB) with a strengthened mandate, as a successor to the Financial Stability Forum(FSF), including all G20 countries, FSF members, Spain, and the European Commission;that the FSB should collaborate with the IMF to provide early warning of macroeconomic and financial risks and the actions needed to address them;to reshape our regulatory systems so that our authorities are able to identify and take account of macro-prudential risks;to extend regulation and oversight to all systemically important financial institutions, instruments and markets.This will include, for the first time, systemically important hedge funds;to endorse and implement the FSF’s tough new principles on pay and compensation and to support sustainable compensation schemes and the corporate social responsibility of all firms;to take action, once recovery is assured, to improve the quality, quantity, and international consistency of capital in the banking system.In future, regulation must prevent excessive leverage and require buffers of resources to be built up in good times;to take action against non-cooperative jurisdictions, including tax havens.We stand ready to deploy sanctions to protect our public finances and financial systems.The era of banking secrecy is over.We note that the OECD has today published a list of countries assessed by the Global Forum against the international standard for exchange of tax information;to call on the accounting standard setters to work urgently with supervisors and regulators to improve standards on valuation and provisioning and achieve a single set of high-quality global accounting standards;and to extend regulatory oversight and registration to Credit Rating Agencies to ensure they meet the international code of good practice, particularly to prevent unacceptable conflicts of interest.16.We instruct our Finance Ministers to complete the implementation of these decisions in line with the timetable set out in the Action Plan.We have asked the FSB and the IMF to monitor progress, working with the Financial Action Taskforce and other relevant bodies, and to provide a report to the next meeting of our Finance Ministers in Scotland in November.Strengthening our global financial institutions

17.Emerging markets and developing countries, which have been the engine of recent world growth, are also now facing challenges which are adding to the current downturn in the global economy.It is imperative for global confidence and economic recovery that capital continues to flow to them.This will require a substantial strengthening of the international financial institutions, particularly the IMF.We have therefore agreed today to make available an additional $850 billion of resources through the global financial institutions to support growth in emerging market and developing countries by helping to finance counter-cyclical spending, bank recapitalisation, infrastructure, trade finance, balance of payments support, debt rollover, and social support.To this end: we have agreed to increase the resources available to the IMF through immediate financing from members of $250 billion, subsequently incorporated into an expanded and more flexible New Arrangements to Borrow, increased by up to $500 billion, and to consider market borrowing if necessary;and we support a substantial increase in lending of at least $100 billion by the Multilateral Development Banks(MDBs), including to low income countries, and ensure that all MDBs, including have the appropriate capital.18.It is essential that these resources can be used effectively and flexibly to support growth.We welcome in this respect the progress made by the IMF with its new Flexible Credit Line(FCL)and its reformed lending and conditionality framework which will enable the IMF to ensure that its facilities address effectively the underlying causes of countries’ balance of payments financing needs, particularly the withdrawal of external capital flows to the banking and corporate sectors.We support Mexico’s decision to seek an FCL arrangement.19.We have agreed to support a general SDR allocation which will inject $250 billion into the world economy and increase global liquidity, and urgent ratification of the Fourth Amendment.20.In order for our financial institutions to help manage the crisis and prevent future crises we must strengthen their longer term relevance, effectiveness and legitimacy.So alongside the significant increase in resources agreed today we are determined to reform and modernise the international financial institutions to ensure they can assist members and shareholders effectively in the new challenges they face.We will reform their mandates, scope and governance to reflect changes in the world economy and the new challenges of globalisation, and that emerging and developing economies, including the poorest, must have greater voice and representation.This must be accompanied by action to increase the credibility and accountability of the institutions through better strategic oversight and decision making.To this end: we commit to implementing the package of IMF quota and voice reforms agreed in April 202_ and call on the IMF to complete the next review of quotas by January 202_;we agree that, alongside this, consideration should be given to greater involvement of the Fund’s Governors in providing strategic direction to the IMF and increasing its accountability;we commit to implementing the World Bank reforms agreed in October 202_.We look forward to further recommendations, at the next meetings, on voice and representation reforms on an accelerated timescale, to be agreed by the 202_ Spring Meetings;we agree that the heads and senior leadership of the international financial institutions should be appointed through an open, transparent, and merit-based selection process;and building on the current reviews of the IMF and World Bank we asked the Chairman, working with the G20 Finance Ministers, to consult widely in an inclusive process and report back to the next meeting with proposals for further reforms to improve the responsiveness and adaptability of the IFIs.21.In addition to reforming our international financial institutions for the new challenges of globalisation we agreed on the desirability of a new global consensus on the key values and principles that will promote sustainable economic activity.We support discussion on such a charter for sustainable economic activity with a view to further discussion at our next meeting.We take note of the work started in other fora in this regard and look forward to further discussion of this charter for sustainable economic activity.Resisting protectionism and promoting global trade and investment

22.World trade growth has underpinned rising prosperity for half a century.But it is now falling for the first time in 25 years.Falling demand is exacerbated by growing protectionist pressures and a withdrawal of trade credit.Reinvigorating world trade and investment is essential for restoring global growth.We will not repeat the historic mistakes of protectionism of previous eras.To this end: we reaffirm the commitment made in Washington: to refrain from raising new barriers to investment or to trade in goods and services, imposing new export restrictions, or implementing World Trade Organisation(WTO)inconsistent measures to stimulate exports.In addition we will rectify promptly any such measures.We extend this pledge to the end of 202_;we will minimise any negative impact on trade and investment of our domestic policy actions including fiscal policy and action in support of the financial sector.We will not retreat into financial protectionism, particularly measures that constrain worldwide capital flows, especially to developing countries;we will notify promptly the WTO of any such measures and we call on the WTO, together with other international bodies, within their respective mandates, to monitor and report publicly on our adherence to these undertakings on a quarterly basis;we will take, at the same time, whatever steps we can to promote and facilitate trade and investment;and we will ensure availability of at least $250 billion over the next two years to support trade finance through our export credit and investment agencies and through the MDBs.We also ask our regulators to make use of available flexibility in capital requirements for trade finance.23.We remain committed to reaching an ambitious and balanced conclusion to the Doha Development Round, which is urgently needed.This could boost the global economy by at least $150 billion per annum.To achieve this we are committed to building on the progress already made, including with regard to modalities.24.We will give renewed focus and political attention to this critical issue in the coming period and will use our continuing work and all international meetings that are relevant to drive progress.Ensuring a fair and sustainable recovery for all

25.We are determined not only to restore growth but to lay the foundation for a fair and sustainable world economy.We recognise that the current crisis has a disproportionate impact on the vulnerable in the poorest countries and recognise our collective responsibility to mitigate the social impact of the crisis to minimise long-lasting damage to global potential.To this end: we reaffirm our historic commitment to meeting the Millennium Development Goals and to achieving our respective ODA pledges, including commitments on Aid for Trade, debt relief, and the Gleneagles commitments, especially to sub-Saharan Africa;the actions and decisions we have taken today will provide $50 billion to support social protection, boost trade and safeguard development in low income countries, as part of the significant increase in crisis support for these and other developing countries and emerging markets;we are making available resources for social protection for the poorest countries, including through investing in long-term food security and through voluntary bilateral contributions to the World Bank’s Vulnerability Framework, including the Infrastructure Crisis Facility, and the Rapid Social Response Fund;we have committed, consistent with the new income model, that additional resources from agreed sales of IMF gold will be used, together with surplus income, to provide $6 billion additional concessional and flexible finance for the poorest countries over the next 2 to 3 years.We call on the IMF to come forward with concrete proposals at the Spring Meetings;we have agreed to review the flexibility of the Debt Sustainability Framework and call on the IMF and World Bank to report to the IMFC and Development Committee at the Annual Meetings;and we call on the UN, working with other global institutions, to establish an effective mechanism to monitor the impact of the crisis on the poorest and most vulnerable.26.We recognise the human dimension to the crisis.We commit to support those affected by the crisis by creating employment opportunities and through income support measures.We will build a fair and family-friendly labour market for both women and men.We therefore welcome the reports of the London Jobs Conference and the Rome Social Summit and the key principles they proposed.We will support employment by stimulating growth, investing in education and training, and through active labour market policies, focusing on the most vulnerable.We call upon the ILO, working with other relevant organisations, to assess the actions taken and those required for the future.27.We agreed to make the best possible use of investment funded by fiscal stimulus programmes towards the goal of building a resilient, sustainable, and green recovery.We will make the transition towards clean, innovative, resource efficient, low carbon technologies and infrastructure.We encourage the MDBs to contribute fully to the achievement of this objective.We will identify and work together on further measures to build sustainable economies.28.We reaffirm our commitment to address the threat of irreversible climate change, based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, and to reach agreement at the UN Climate Change conference in Copenhagen in December 202_.Delivering our commitments

29.We have committed ourselves to work together with urgency and determination to translate these words into action.We agreed to meet again before the end of this year to review progress on our commitments.

第三篇：G20伦敦金融峰会

G20伦敦金融峰会

G20伦敦金融峰会是在国际金融危机持续扩大蔓延，世界经济陷入严重衰退的背景下召开的。

为应对此次全球性的危机，我国一方面及时调整宏观经济政策，果断实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，形成了进一步扩大内需、促进经济增长的一揽子计划，另一方面以自信和负责任的态度，积极与国际社会携手合作，通过双边、多边和地区性合作等各种渠道，为世界经济尽快走出困境作出积极的贡献。成果主要体现在以下几个方面。

一、阐明了中方应对国际金融危机的看法。提出了在当前复杂多变的国际经济形势下中国政府始终积极参与应对国际金融危机的国际合作，重申中国政府将继续同国际社会加强宏观经济政策协调，推动国际金融体系改革，积极维护多边贸易体制稳定，为推动恢复世界经济增长做出应有贡献。

二、提出了中方关于国际金融体系改革的主张。坚持全面性、均衡性、渐进性、实效性的原则，推动国际金融秩序不断朝公平、公正、包容、有序方向发展，为此就改革国际金融体系提出六点建议：加强金融监管合作，尽快制定普遍接受的监管标准和规范；国际金融机构增加对发展中国家援助；金融稳定论坛应该发挥更大作用；国际货币基金组织应加强和改善对各方特别是对主要储备货币发行经济体宏观经济政策的监督，尤其应加强对货币发行政策的监督；改进国际货币基金组织和世界银行治理结构，提高发展中国家代表性和发言权；完善国际货币体系。

三、宣介我国应对危机的举措和取得的初步成效。尽管国际金融危机对中国实体经济的不利影响继续显现，但中国经济发展的基本态势和长期向好趋势没有发生根本变化，支撑中国经济持续较快发展的根基没有动摇。面对国际金融危机的冲击，中国将继续坚持对外开放的基本国策，始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略。

四、表明了反对保护主义、关注发展问题的鲜明立场。胡锦涛主席呼吁国际社会共同反对歧视外国劳务人员、提高市场准入门槛、实施贸易投资保护主义行为和滥用贸易救济措施，呼吁有关国家放宽对发展中国家不合理的出口限制，主张各国应坚守已达成共识，推动世贸多哈回合谈判早日取得全面、均衡成果。峰会成果文件明确呼吁通过世贸组织等监督机制对各国经济刺激计划进行审议，遏制正在上升的贸易保护主义，并希望各国坚守此前达成的共识。

胡锦涛主席承诺中国将进一步支持发展中国家。

五、推动了与有关国家双边关系发展。胡锦涛主席同奥巴马总统就中美关系和共同关心的重大问题广泛交换意见，一致同意共同努力建设21世纪积极合作全面的中美关系。胡锦涛主席和俄罗斯总统梅德韦杰夫就推进中俄战略协作伙伴关系、共同应对国际金融危机、加强在国际事务中的合作达成重要共识。在与英国首相布朗会见时，两国领导人就应对国际金融危机、推动国际金融体系改革、发展中英关系达成广泛共识。此外与法国总统萨科齐、日本首相麻生太郎、巴西总统卢拉等对扩大多边领域合作达成广泛共识。

不足：

鉴于IMF乃至国际金融体制的不公平性，包括中国在内的新兴经济体国家对西方国家先前主导的救市大合唱的不积极、不配合，中国的出资份额仅为400亿美元。G20峰会的成果对于新兴经济体国家而言，仅仅只是初试锋芒，这只是改革现有国际金融体系、建立国际金融新秩序的第一次有效尝试。

建议：

（1）联合各新兴经济体国家，以各国向IMF注资以及参与贸易融资为条件，推选各国人选在IMF、WTO、世界银行等全球金融管理机构中担任重要职务，在国际金融事务中取得话事权。

（2）联合各国控制救市资金的支付进度，避免一次性支付的出现，而是采取分次支付、事先严格审核国际货币基金组织支付用途的做法，尽可能延续各国在未支付前的主动地位。

（3）监督IMF等国际组织对救市资金的使用情况，尤其要避免救市资金对美国金融投机机构的“疗伤作用”。

（4）取得受援国家偿债抵押品的管理权，要求IMF在向其受援国提供经济援助时，以有价值的矿产、能源、优质企业股权、部分国家税收权等优质资产作为抵质押品。

另外，稳步推进人民币国际化，为作为未来全球最大经济体的主要货币做好准备。

第四篇：g峰会宣传标语口号

G20峰会宣传标语口号

G20峰会宣传标语口号

1、微笑服务 绿色出行 文明有礼 从我做起

2、做文明育英人 喜迎G20峰会

3、喜迎G20 我们是文明小使者

4、全民助力G20 全面保障G20 全面提升G20 喜迎G20

5、绿’动传化，传播文明，相约G20，共添‘杭州蓝’

6、当好小主人 喜迎G20

7、喜迎G20 做好东道主 文明出行你我他

8、迎接G20，当好小主人

9、拒绝校园暴力，争做文明台州人，迎接G20的到来

10、拒绝校园暴力，争做文明台州

人，迎接G20的到来

11、绿色阳光亲子游，欢乐迎接G20

12、喜迎G20，文明我先行

13、喜迎G20 法制进校园

14、迎接G20，我们在行动

15、喜迎G20，小手牵大手，绿满家园

16、服务G20，铅笔头找新家，当好小主人

17、服务G20 巾帼健身我先行

18、迎接G20人人讲文明

19、助力G20 放飞中国梦

20、喜迎G20,我为春天增色

1、全民助力G20 全面保障G20 全面提升G20 喜迎G20

2、绿’动传化，传播文明，相约G20，共添‘杭州蓝’

3、当好小主人 喜迎G20

4、喜迎G20 做好东道主 文明出行你我他

5、迎接G20，当好小主人

6、拒绝校园暴力，争做文明台州人，迎接G20的到来

7、拒绝校园暴力，争做文明台州人，迎接G20的到来

8、绿色阳光亲子游，欢乐迎接G20

9、喜迎G20，文明我先行

10、喜迎G20 法制进校园

11、迎接G20，我们在行动

12、喜迎G20，小手牵大手，绿满家园

13、服务G20，铅笔头找新家，当好小主人

14、服务G20 巾帼健身我先行

15、平安护航G20,你我共同携手

16、护航G20“五水共治”全民同行

17、护航G20 我来亮一手

18、警民携手行 护航G20

19、护航g20平安千万家

20、护航g20 共建平安校园

21、小手拉大手 护航G20

22、青春护航g20 当好杭州东道主

23、护航g20 青春正进行

24、护航g20 普法在行动

25、护航G20 建设平安杭州

26、志愿服务我先行平安护航G20

27、建设平安浙江 护航G20峰会

28、护航G20 远离邪教

29、护航G20 创建平安线

30、护航G20 从我做起

31、打造安全环境 护航G20峰会

32、警花在行动 护航G20

33、护航G20 青春我先行

34、护航G20,做好小主人

35、微笑服务 绿色出行 文明有礼 从我做起

36、做文明育英人 喜迎G20峰会

37、喜迎G20 我们是文明小使者

第五篇：伦敦20国峰会英国首相记者招待会

Prime Minister:

Can I welcome you to this conference following our G20 summit? This is the day that the world came together to fight back against the global recession, not with words but with a plan for global recovery and for reform and with a clear timetable for its delivery.And our message today is clear and certain: we believe that in this new global age our prosperity is inpisible.We believe that global problems require global solutions.We believe that for growth to be sustained it must be shared and that trade must once again become an engine of growth.The old Washington consensus is over.Today we have reached a new consensus-that we take global action together to deal with the problems we face;that we will do what is necessary to restore growth and jobs;that we will take essential action to rebuild confidence and trust in our financial system, and to prevent a crisis such as this ever happening again.There are no quick fixes, but with the six pledges that we make today we can shorten the recession and we can save jobs.First of all, for the first time we have come together to set principles to reform the global banking system.This is a comprehensive programme of measures that includes for the first time bringing the shadow banking system, including hedge funds, within the global regulatory net.We have agreed that international accounting standards will have to be set.We will regulate credit rating agencies in order to remove their conflicts of interest.We have agreed that there will be an end to tax havens that do not transfer information on request.The banking secrecy of the past must come to an end.The Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development are this afternoon publishing a list of tax havens that are non compliant and where action must immediately be taken and we have agreed tough standards and sanctions for use against those who don’t come into line in the future.We will create a new financial stability board to ensure cooperation across frontiers, to spot risks to the economy and together with the International Monetary Fund provide the early warning mechanism that this new global economy needs.We will complete the implementation of international colleges of supervisors of financial institutions and we will implement new rules on pay and bonuses at a global level that reflect actual performance with no more rewards for failure.We want to encourage corporate responsibility in every part of the world.Secondly, we will clean up the banks so that they increase lending to families and businesses and to enable this we’ve agreed for the first time a common global approach to how we deal with impaired or toxic assets.Third, we’ve agreed to do what it takes to restore global growth and hasten recovery.Since our last meeting in Washington and as part of this process from Washington, G20 countries have announced and are now implementing the largest macroeconomic stimulus the world has even seen.We are in the middle of an unprecedented fiscal expansion which will by the end of next year amount to an injection of $5 trillion into our economies and it will save or create millions of jobs in a period where we must combat unemployment.In addition to the dramatic interest rate cuts, our central banks have pledged to maintain expansionary policies – as we state in the communiqué, expansionary policies as long as they are needed, using the full range of options available to them.We have also agreed today additional resources of $1 trillion that are available to the world economy through the International Monetary Fund and other institutions.This includes $250 billion from special drawing rights, the reserve currency of the IMF, drawing rights that will be issued to countries who are part of the International Monetary Fund.This is available to all IMF members.And at the same time we will treble the resources of the International Monetary Fund itself with up to an additional $500 billion.Together these actions give us confidence that the global economy can return to trend growth even faster than the International Monetary Fund is now predicting.And we have today called on the International Monetary Fund to monitor our progress towards this objective and to report on whatever further actions may be necessary.Fourth, alongside these extra resources we will ask the international institutions to strengthen their independent surveillance of the world economy and to promote growth and the reduction of poverty.We are agreed that the mandates of these institutions that were created in 1945 must now be reformed to make them more accountable, more representative and more effective, and this includes giving emerging markets and developing countries greater voice and greater representation.And we will also enable the heads and senior staff of these institutions to be appointed on merit.Fifth, we are going to act decisively to kick start international trade.Trade is the crucial driver of growth in the global economy.We are agreed to work urgently with leaders discussing, meeting and preparing for a conclusion to the Doha trade round and this has the potential to boost the global economy substantially.To address what is a huge shortfall in finance for trade – 90% of all trade depends on this finance – we have today agreed to make available not the $100 billion which was originally called for, but $250 billion of trade finance.This will be provided over the next two years through our export, credit and investment agencies and through the multilateral development banks, and this will include $50 billion through the new World Bank programme that is being established.We will act also to make our global recovery fair and more sustainable.This time of financial crisis is no time to walk away from our commitment to the world’s poorest.So when people are suffering and yet it is within our capacity to help we will not pass by on the other side.We remain firmly committed to meeting our Millennium Development Goals and our pledges on aid.And to deal with this crisis for the poorest countries, we have asked the International Monetary Fund to bring forward proposals to use the proceeds of agreed sales of gold to support low-income countries.And so, in total, we have reached agreements worth $50 billion for the poorest countries alongside our support for a World Bank vulnerability fund.In mobilising the world’s economies to fight back against recession we are resolved to seize the opportunity of our fiscal stimulus programmes, to promote low carbon growth, and to create the green jobs on which our future prosperity depends.And we have committed to building on this by working together to seek agreement on a post 202_ climate change regime at the UN conference in Copenhagen in December.And we have asked our finance ministers to complete the reforms of the regulatory system and we will meet again as G20 leaders later this year to take stock of progress.When the Wall Street Crash happened in 1929 it took 15 years for the world to come together to rebuild and renew our economies.This time, I think people will agree that it is different.We will not hesitate, as long as people are losing their jobs and their homes, to make what difference we can by improving their prosperity.Today’s decisions of course will not immediately solve the crisis, but we have begun the process by which it will be solved.A few years ago meetings such as this could not have happened with so many different countries from perse continents involved;far less could there have been an agreement amongst them.But today the largest countries of the world have agreed a global plan for recovery and reform.This involves the biggest interest rate cuts in history, the biggest fiscal stimulus we have ever seen, the biggest increase in resources in the history of our international institutions, with $250 billion, more money than ever before, for trade finance as well.For the first time we have a common approach around the world to cleaning up banks’ balance sheets and restoring lending.We are engaging in a deep process of reform and restructuring of our international financial system for now and for the future and we have maintained our commitment to help the world’s poorest and we have put more money aside for that and also for a green recovery.These are not just a single collection of actions.This is collective action, people working together at their best.I think a new world order is emerging and with it the foundations of a new and progressive era of international cooperation.We have resolved that from today we will together manage the process of globalisation to secure responsibility from all and fairness to all and we’ve agreed that in doing so we will build a more sustainable and more open and a fairer global society.Thank you very much.I am very happy to answer questions on the communiqué.Question:

Prime Minister, what do you say to an analysis that although you and Barack Obama have been centre stage in this that perhaps for your own electorates there’s maybe the least in this package comparatively? I mean, what are British voters going to get out of this agreement?

Prime Minister:

Well, our priority right through this Summit has been the jobs, the homes, the businesses of hard working families in this country and, indeed, in every country.And we know that if you take action in one country it can make some difference, but if countries act together they can make a major difference.Indeed, some people say that if we act together with other countries the benefit of the actions taken are twice as much as if simply acting on your own.And the agreement we have today to push money into the international economy so that it can restore economic activity quickly and trade and commerce around the world is a very significant step towards recovery.Confidence, first of all, because we are sorting out the problems of the banking system, and not just at a national level but at a global level to deal with global financial flows.Confidence also for the British people and for people around the world because we are rebuilding the international financial system so that it serves the people rather than, as on occasion it has, served itself.And confidence that with this injection of new money into the world economy that we can make a difference to the level of trade, therefore the number of businesses that can expand or stay in being or invest for the future.And I believe that the combination of our measures, but most of all the unity that exists around the world to tackle this recession, means that people in our own countries can have far more confidence in both the financial system and in our hopes for recovery.So our first thoughts are those people who are worried about their jobs and their homes and our businesses and the measures we are taking together are designed to improve not only the chances of people getting jobs but to help people stay in their jobs.Question:

Prime Minister, a large amount of money is being devoted to the IMF.How much of that is new money and how much of it is coming from China? And if the Chinese contribution is going to be substantial, what implication is that going to have for Chinese voting rights on the IMF? Thank you.Prime Minister:

Well, I have to tell you that China has contributed $40 billion.The European Union has contributed $100 billion and, of course, Japan has contributed $100 billion.There is agreement from other countries that they will contribute to the new agreements to borrow.That will be launched in the next few weeks.The crisis facility is doubled in size, the new agreement to borrow will be worth $500 billion, then on top of that the IMF is issuing its special drawing right, which is providing liquidity to the world economy and every country will be awarded, on the basis of their representation and quota at the IMF, these drawing rights so that we can provide more liquidity for the world economy.Now, in addition to that, we are putting $200 billion into trade so that we can keep moving the trade of the world forward.And the biggest problem that many companies have is getting trade finance and that is a problem we’re addressing today.China and other countries are right to say that the representation and the quotas at the International Monetary Fund have to be changed to meet new times.We have set a timetable for doing that, but as you can see, the contributors to what we are doing to stimulate the world economy include many, many countries around the world.Question:

Prime Minister, can you confirm that the $1 trillion that you have announced is not an economic stimulus, it’s loans and guarantees, because you could not agree a fiscal stimulus in the future at this summit? And what difference will that $1 trillion stimulus make to people who are worried about their jobs and their homes?

Prime Minister:

Well, I’m pleased you asked that question because it allows me to say that the issues that people thought pided us did not pide us at all.There was substantial agreement on the need for us to do whatever is necessary to return to growth.You will see that reflected in the strength of the communiqué.We are in the middle of a fiscal stimulus, with announcements coming every day from different countries, that is worth about $5 trillion, but we also agreed we’d increase the amount of money available to the international economy by up to $1 trillion as a result of these different actions we’re taking.This is new money provided by the European Union, provided by Japan, provided by China and to be provided by other countries.This is money that is generated through the International Monetary Fund issuing its own special drawing rights, and the trade credits that we’re bringing together are trade credits that come from export credit agencies and from private companies as well as public companies so that we can have a boost to world trade.So I would say to you this: we will do whatever is necessary to come through this difficult time.That’s why we’ve agreed to meet again later this year.The level of the fiscal stimulus is $5 trillion by the end of next year, so it is major and accepted by all countries as necessary.We actually say in the communiqué that it is necessary to do this to prevent the recession getting worse.But at the same time we have managed to mobilise international resources that mean that in the combination of interest-rate cuts, the fiscal stimulus, the quantitative easing of the central banks and now this international injection of resources means that we can move forward our economies much faster.This is an example of the world actually working together.It’s an example of us using international institutions to make a difference to the prospects for recovery and this is in addition to and not an alternative to the fiscal stimulus that has been done, the injection of resources, the new investment, the support for the unemployed and for housing that’s been done in most countries now around the world.If you looked at the situation in November, people didn’t even know that there would be a fiscal injection of resources from countries.Now, as a result of announcements over the past few months and coming even in the past few days and probably in future days, $5 trillion of extra resources are injected into the world economy, but on top of that today we’re making available an extra trillion.Question:

What is your planning for the next G20 summit?

Prime Minister:

The plan is to hold a summit later this year.We will announce the venue in a few days’ time.The desire is to review the decisions that we have made today and their implementation so that we move forward as quickly as possible with the recovery of the economy.And of course if we have found that more needs to be done, we will take action when we meet again later this year.But I think today people will be surprised by the scale of resources that the international community is making available.They’ll also, I think, be surprised and pleased by the action that we have in a united way agreed on banking secrecy, on remuneration, on the structure of banking for the future, on the use of tax havens, the use of the shadow banking system.All these things the world was able to come together for the first time to agree new measures that will be implemented in many cases immediately.Question:

Prime Minister, the World Bank estimates that since the November meeting in Washington 17 of the 20 G20 members have actually added protectionist measures to the tune of 47 implemented measures that restrict trade.Do you anticipate after today we’re going to see more than just a commitment to free trade and actually a reversal of those anti free trade measures?

Prime Minister:

Well, I’m pleased you’ve asked that because we did have a report from Pascal Lamy, the Director General of the World Trade Organisation, and while there have been infringements his view is that they have not been substantial infringements and he is trying by his actions to roll these infringements back.And I think the members were made very much aware that action that is protectionist will be named and shamed, if you like, and at the same time, just to push to trade forward, we will not only resist protectionist measures but we will make it possible for people who want to trade, want to export, want to import, want lines of credit for trading to actually have the resources that are sadly lacking at the moment.So this injection of $250 billion to keep trade rolling forward, credit lines that are needed for companies in different parts of the world is a substantial boost to world trade and really shows that we are anxious to do everything we can to resist protectionist tendencies.Question:

There have been some good economic signs from America last week, some good economic signs from Britain today, and now this.Do you feel bullish enough tonight to say that this could be the beginning of the end of the crisis? With respect I do not mean should it be;I mean do you feel bullish enough to say that it could be?

Prime Minister:

There is no quick fix, but there is a determination to do whatever is necessary.I have said that that is what I wanted to do in Britain, but now we have got the rest of the world saying: ‘We will do whatever is necessary.’ By injecting more resources into the world economy, we will create more jobs, we will ensure that businesses can invest more, and they can expand rather than contract, and we will of course be able to help homeowners worried about their mortgages and make sure that people can be more confident in a financial system in which previously they had lost trust.We are restructuring the banking system with new principles.Remuneration is changing in the banks.People can have more confidence that not just Britain but the whole of the rest of the world is now addressing these financial failures that have cost us so much damage, and I believe that as a result of that, the recovery which is much needed in every part of the world will advance faster.Question:

Mr Prime Minister, you mentioned earlier at the beginning of your speech that the era of the Washington consensus is over, but certainly the era of Washington currency is not.The Chinese central bank actually proposed a global international reserve currency.I was wondering if this was a topic at the discussion of the world leaders at the G20 summit, and what is your personal view on such a possibility? Should we worry about a depreciating dollar, and a possibly depreciating euro?

Prime Minister:

We are reviewing the future of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and the role that that international institutions will play in the future.With the G20 finance ministers I am going to be leading a review that will report to the next meeting.I have to say that issues about international currency have not led to detailed proposals from anyone.What I think people want to see is our international institutions able to come in and help when countries are in difficulty, and make sure there is more confidence in the international financial system as a whole.So, yes, we will look at every proposal that comes forward.Yes, we do not have detailed proposals on that, but I think people are looking for more from the international institutions that they themselves can not only provide resources for the world economy, but they can instil confidence that there will be no more international financial failures in the future.Question:

We have heard a great deal in the last few months how deceit has caused the problems that we are now facing globally.Are you being totally honest with the people of the world to say that there has been genuine agreement here when we know there have been a number of splits among the G20, and also there is a one-size-fits-all agreement for twenty countries who are at different points in the economic cycle and different points in the global recession as well?

Prime Minister:

Isn’t that what is remarkable, that you can have countries that would never even have sat round the table a few years ago coming round a table and coming to agreement? The reason we have to meet together and come to agreement is that unlike a few years ago when you could run national financial systems without thinking about what was happening in the rest of the world, every bank affects every other bank, and a bad bank in one country affects good banks in every country.That is why we have to come together, so that we have rules and supervision on financial institutions that are global;we have that cross-border regulation that is necessary;we have the international regulators coming together so that we know what is happening not just in one continent but all continents.I believe people will be encouraged by the fact that China and India and Japan and many countries from Asia, Latin America, Brazil, and Argentina, Mexico, Africa, South Africa, and the African Union, and the European countries, Russia as well, and of course the United States of America, we have all been able to come together in a way we could never have done even a year or two ago to decide quite detailed proposals that will reshape the global financial system for a long time.I must say, I have been proposing some of these for ten years.We have achieved more in ten weeks as a result of people coming to terms with the need for change in the international financial system.Question:

I heard you saying that you are going to help the poorest countries.I was wondering if you are going to protect as well countries like Greece from bankruptcy, and if you are going to do that, to what extent, unlimited or not?

Prime Minister:

I think it is true to say that interest rates have been coming down in the Eurozone area, of which Greece is a part, and that there has been a major stimulus to both economies within the Euro area and to trade as a result of what has been agreed within the European Union.I believe that the measures we are taking collectively right across the world will actually help Greece’s economy as well, because if we can restore financial confidence in our banking system, then every country benefits.If we can inject more international resources into our economies, then the benefit goes beyond the emerging markets or developing countries;it benefits us all.Look at the Marshall Plan after the Second World War.Money was spent in America, sent to Europe to invest in the reconstruction of Europe.The beneficiaries of that were not just the European countries who got the money, but the trade that then flowed between Europe and America.There is an injection of resources, this time internationally, and it will have a benefit to all countries, whether you are developing countries, emerging markets, or whether you are industrialised countries like Greece is as part of the European Union.Question:

Prime Minister, can you envisage Britain ever needing to use the new increased IMF special drawing rights scheme particularly, as some as your ministers have said today, as under this scheme there should no longer be a stigma attached to going to the IMF? Personally, can you say whether you feel vindicated by the amount of political capital you have put into arranging this G20 meeting this week?

Prime Minister:

I have just been trying to persuade people that if you have a global problem, you have to get people together to deal with it.I have just been trying to get people together so that we can focus our attention on what we can do.I feel that world leaders have come together, and this is not a set of abstract philosophical words that are being issued.These are detailed measures that include sums of money, include timetables, include for example what nobody could have expected five months ago, an end to the way tax havens work by refusing to transfer tax information to authorities who ask for it.Now we are finding every country is signing up to that.So yes, it is important.The IMF facilities – countries have offered that they will take up the IMF facility.I think Mexico has yesterday, but we are not proposing to do so.Question:

You have made an important announcement today about the future of tax havens and I warmly welcome it, but the criteria being used is that of the OECD, which focuses upon private tax evasion.Of course, we know that tax avoidance by major corporations around the world is just as important, and we know that the developing countries of the world have so far been excluded from the OECD information exchange process.Is this the start of the end of tax havens, or is this the end of the end of tax havens?

Prime Minister:

This is the start of the end, because country after country is now signing up to the principles that have been set forward internationally.The principle is that you have to be prepared to exchange information about tax on request.We had Switzerland, then we had Austria, then we had Luxembourg, then we had Andorra, then we had Hong Kong, then we had Singapore.In the past few days, we have had a lot of other countries who have been prepared to sign up to this.Now I think you are going to find other countries wanting to join this group.People will increasingly see that it is unsafe to be in a country which still wants to declare itself as a tax haven.There will be no guarantee about the safety of their funds if they are there, and if tax information is exchanged upon request, as now these countries are agreeing to, then the benefits that come from being in these countries become diminished every day.So, I think that this is a major step forward.It is an announcement today of a list of countries that are not abiding by the rules.It is saying there are countries who have signed up to the principles and have agreed a lot of bilateral deals.There are countries that have signed up to the principles but we say they have yet to agree bilateral deals, and then there are those countries who have signed up to none of the principles and have no bilateral deals.This is a comprehensive attempt with other initiatives I believe to follow, initiatives that we agreed today to go outside the range of OECD countries as well later, to clean up this problem and to try to do it once and for all.Of course, there will be people who try to avoid tax, but we are taking all the legitimate legislative measures to seek to close these loopholes.Question:

Prime Minister, out of the $250 billion pledged for boosting global trade, how much will be set aside to help developing and poor countries save their trade, especially with the West? Second, please, what is the Saudi contribution to the IMF?

Prime Minister:

The first question is: what is the amount of money of the $250 billion that will go directly to developing countries?

The World Bank trade facility of $40 billion will be the first stage but, of course, there will be more.Then you asked me about the special drawing rights of the IMF;that is, the issuing of international rights and currency that will increase liquidity.$19 billion of that will go to the poorest countries, but some countries may agree that their share is passed on to the poorer countries of the world, so we get to our bigger figure for the developing countries by adding up all the different things we have agreed to today, including, uniquely, the sale of IMF gold;that is, gold held by the International Monetary Fund, which was to be used entirely for one purpose.They are now saying that much of that sale has now got to go to help the poorest countries of the world.So gold of the world is now being used to help the poor of the world.Question:

People will be watching this tonight, Prime Minister, on television, wondering what it means to them.What does it mean to ordinary voters?

Prime Minister:

People want confidence in their banks and they want to feel that their savings are secure.They want to know we are doing everything in our power to stop the loss of jobs, to make people secure in their homes, to get funds to small businesses that are creating jobs in the economy, and we have moved one step further on today, a significant step further on, because we have persuaded other countries to join with us in an international programme, a global plan for recovery and reform.I said there was no quick fix, but what we have done today is give people more confidence in the banking system, show that we are investing our resources to create jobs and making sure that our international financial system – that means the savings of everybody, their investments in banks, their chances of creating businesses – is doing more to make that happen in the months and years ahead.Our priorities are the needs of our inpidual citizens faced with an international economic hurricane that has hit every country and has lashed our shores as well.We have to take the action to help people through these difficult times.Question:

Prime Minister, do you think financial boom and bust is inevitable?

Prime Minister:

I think we have seen how a global financial system can go wrong when what happens in one bank that is entangled with many banks creates almost a power cut right across the world.We have been dealing in the last 50 years with inflation crises.The crises that most countries have faced are when inflation gets out of control, you have to raise interests, but the cost of raising interest rates is you push businesses out of existence and people lose their jobs.The problem now is not inflation.In fact, inflation is very low in most economies.The problem is a global financial failure.The banking system froze up.The problem is that we are now finding banks are so entangled internationally with each other that you have to have principles governing the system, you have to have rules that are worldwide, and you can’t just deal with one national regulatory system;you have to have a form of global supervision that can deal with the flows of capital around the world.If the banking system can freeze up, we have to be able to take action immediately to deal with that.That is why we have put in place the restructuring of banks, the new funds that will enable countries that cannot afford to restructure their banks to do so, and of course also the rules for pay and for behaviour and for standards that banks will have to agree to in every country of the world in the future.Question:

You said you were confident that countries would do whatever was necessary to get growth.How can you be so confident? Are there any sanctions in this communiqué? Are you hoping the IMF names and shames those countries that don’t? A lot of them didn’t sound very keen on doing anything else.Prime Minister:

I am pleased you’ve asked that question because we say specifically in our communiqué that not only will we do whatever it takes, but we will also ask the International Monetary Fund to assess the action that has been taken and the global action that is then required.We will meet again in the autumn to look at what countries have done, to review the progress we have made, to take whatever action then is necessary on top of that.Do not forget this: we are in the middle of the biggest fiscal injection – the biggest injection of resources into our economies – in history.$5 trillion is a huge some of money, but it means that not just one country but almost every country is trying to get their economy moving by putting more resources into it.That is the sensible thing to do when banks fail and markets fail.That is what we are doing.People have signed up to a declaration that allows what is being done to be assessed, and we will report back of course in the autumn about what is being done.But the International Monetary Fund will regularly assess the progress that is being made.So I have some confidence that this money is not only going to be put into the economy, but it is going to be put to good use in saving or creating jobs.Thank you all very much.