第一篇：英语综合

Smart Device Translates American Sign Language To English 智能传感器把美国手语翻译成英文

American Sign Language(ASL), has been one of the primary means of communication for the deaf in the United States and many parts of Canada since the 1800s.It is estimated that between 500,000 to 2 million people use the language on a regular basis.19世纪来，美国手语已成为美国和加拿大大部分地区失聪之人交流的主要方式。据估算，大约有50万-200万的人经常使用这种语言。

But popular as it is, there are millions of people with normal hearing that do not understand the language.And while most deaf Americans learn to speak with the help of speech therapy, many find it easier to communicate through sign language.Now a team of researchers at the Texas A&M University has created wearable technology that will make it easy for ASL and non-ASL users to converse.美国手语虽然流行，但仍有上百万正常人无法理解手语。虽然美国大多数失聪的人借助语言障碍矫正能发声，但他们还是觉得肢体语言交流更方便些。现在德克萨斯州的A&M大学研究出一种可以实现美国手语和非手语互译的可穿戴设备 The smart device is the brainchild of a team led by Biomedical Engineering Associate Professor Roozbeh Jafari.It uses two separate sensors to translate intricate ASL gestures into plain English.The first that is fitted with an accelerometer and gyroscope keeps track of the significant movementsJP Morgan Chase and Bank of America are working on similar technology.花旗银行并非唯一一个测试无卡取款机的金融机构。摩根大通（JP Morgan Chase）和美国银行（Bank of America）也在研发类似的技术。

The moves comes in response to US credit scoring firm FICO announcing that in May this year the number of attacks on debit cards used at ATMs had reached its highest level in 20 years.今年5月，美国信用评分公司FICO宣布在自动取款机上使用的借贷卡遭到攻击的数量创20年新高，各个银行的举措旨在改善此现状。

Dmitry Melnichenko’s wife had doubts about his plan to quit his stable, nine-to-five job to work from home as a freelance web developer;there was the uncertain income stream, the lack of interaction with colleagues and their young daughter to think about.Dmitry Melnichenko打算辞去朝九晚五的稳定工作，在家当一名自由网络开发员的时候，他的妻子有过疑虑：收入来源不稳定，缺乏与同事的互动，而且他们还有个小女儿，这些都是需要考虑的问题。But not only has Mr Melnichenko earned more since going solo than his wife expected, now Mrs Melnichenko, a financial controller with a large Ukrainian agricultural company, is also quitting her job and training as a coder — joining more than 120,000 Ukrainian freelancers pitching for work on online platforms like Upwork.然而，不仅是梅利尼琴科自从单干后收入超出了妻子的预期，如今就连梅利尼琴科的太太也辞去了在乌克兰一家大型农业公司担任财务总监的工作，开始学习编程，加入了乌克兰12万多人的自由职业者大军，在Upwork等在线平台上争取工作。

“Previously I was working with one of the biggest outsourcing companies on supply chain management.But now I can work from home and I have my own clients, so I have much more freedom,” says Mr Melnichenko.Mr Melnichenko说：“以前我在一家大型外包公司从事供应链管理工作。但现在我可以在家办公，我有了自己的客户，因此我的自由度大大提高了。”

Ukraine’s army of freelancers, the fourth-largest in Upwork’s global network, earned $61m in 2014.For the mainly western companies that dole out jobs on the website, Ukrainian web and mobile developers are cheap, responsive and easily assessed based on verified reviews by previous clients.乌克兰自由职业者大军的人数在Upwork全球网络中排名第四，2014年他们共收入6100万美元。在该网站上发布工作的主要是西方公司，根据过往用户的点评，在这些公司看来，乌克兰的网络和移动开发人员价格便宜，响应及时，而且联系方便。

Digital platforms like Upwork, which act as marketplaces matching freelancers with work, are bringing new opportunities to many people who were once on the fringes of the global workforce.But they are also becoming a hot political potato on both sides of the Atlantic.Upwork这样的将自由职业者和工作机会匹配起来的市场平台，为许多曾处于全球劳动力市场边缘地带的人带来新的工作机会。但这些平台也成为大西洋两岸一个政治上的烫手山芋。

to the backlash against ride-hailing service Uber, the type of work they are creating has come under intense scrutiny — in particular, the impact they are having on more traditional jobs that have come with secure pay and benefits.很大程度上由于打车服务优步遭到强烈反对，此类平台所创造的工作类型已被置于放大镜下审视，特别是就这些平台对那些有着稳定收入和福利的较传统工作造成了何种影响。

Freelancers have long accounted for a significant share of the work in some professions.But platforms like Uber and Upwork — a US-based company formed from the merger of Elance and Odesk — represent a new way to break jobs into piecemeal tasks and reach many more workers, potentially affecting a far wider range of work.自由职业者在某些行业早就占了相当大的比例。但优步和Upwork等平台代表了一种新方式，它们将工作拆分成零碎的任务，能够联系到更多劳动者，这一方式很可能会影响广泛得多的工作类型。Upwork是一家美国公司，由Elance和Odesk合并而成。

Along with marketplaces for drivers and professionals, companies jumping on this bandwagon include those providing so-called “on-demand” services, from Instacart(grocery shopping)to Handy(home cleaning)and Task Rabbit(for an almost limitless range of small errands).加入这股潮流的除了面向司机和专业人士的市场平台，还有提供所谓“按需”服务的公司，包括提供食品杂货服务的Instacart、提供家庭保洁的Handy，以及提供几乎各种跑腿服务的Task Rabbit。In Europe, “these platforms aren’t yet at the scale of the US, they are only just emerging — but we estimate the same trends” will follow, says Jacques Bughin, a partner at McKinsey in Brussels.McKinsey驻布鲁塞尔合伙人雅克布金(Jacques Bughin)表示：“这些平台（在欧洲）才刚刚出现，还达不到它们在美国的规模，但我们估计这里也会出现相同的势头。”

For the Melnichenkos and others, the rapid expansion of a digital marketplace for casual labour has offered greater flexibility and opportunities they wouldn’t otherwise have had.Mr Melnichenko says the arrival of online freelance platforms has meant he doesn’t have to move to Kiev from his home town of Zaporizhia.对于梅利尼琴科等人来说，要不是互联网兼职市场的快速扩张，他们不会得到如此多的灵活性和机会。梅利尼琴科说网上兼职平台的出现意味着他不用从家乡小镇扎波罗热搬到基辅去。In the first three months of 2015 alone, 16,000 Ukrainian freelancers registered with Upwork;many thousands of them fresh school or university graduates, attracted by the promise of high earnings and flexible conditions.Mobile and web developers are the most highly sought workers but graphic designers and translators are also pitching for jobs.仅2015年第一季度，乌克兰就有1.6万名自由职业者在Upwork上注册，其中有数千人刚从高中或大学毕业，吸引他们的是高额收入的前景以及灵活的工作方式。最抢手的是移动和网络开发人员，但也有不少图形设计和翻译在上面寻找工作机会。

“All of a sudden, someone with a particular profile — a talent, or work availability — can be matched with a need,” says James Manyika, a partner at McKinsey.That pulls more people into the workforce who were marginalised before, either because they couldn’t find a job or were working fewer hours than they wanted.“This is often lost in the debate,” he says.James Manyika说：“突然之间，某一特定人群——拥有专业技能或空余时间的人，可以与工作需求相匹配了。”这让更多人进入劳动力市场，这些人以前要么是找不到工作，要么是工作时长达不到自己的目标。他说：“在这场辩论中，人们往往忘记了这一点。”

The emergence of new digital platforms will add 2.5 per cent to European employment numbers by 2025, with some countries like Spain potentially seeing twice that growth, according to McKinsey — though the higher numbers are partly the result of making work previously done in the informal “grey economy” visible by pulling it on to online marketplaces.McKinsey表示，至2015年，新数字平台的出现将让欧洲就业人数增加2.5%，西班牙等国家的就业人数增幅可能还会两倍于这个数字。不过就业人数提高的部分原因，在于数字平台将此前在非正规“灰色经济”中完全的一些工作放到了在线市场平台上，让这些原本不为人知的工作暴露在了阳光下。The overall effect is “greater participation” — a factor that could lift the GDP of the UK and Germany by nearly 1 percentage point over the next decades, consultants say.咨询业人士表示，总体效果是“提高了工作参与率”，未来十年这一因素可以将英国和德国两国的国内生产总值(GDP)提高近1个百分点。

In the US, digital platforms already provide a material source of income for many, according to Mary Meeker, a partner at venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers.The average professional finding work on Thumbtack earns $8,000 a year, with Airbnb users making $7,700 and eBay sellers pull in $3,000, she says — meaningful given most see these as supplemental forms of income.Companies like Uber also argue that many of their workers rely on several different platforms to make a living, making it unfair to judge them on the basis of their earnings from a single marketplace.风投公司凯鹏华盈(Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers)合伙人玛丽猠克(Mary Meeker)表示，数字平台在美国已经成为许多人的重要收入来源。她说在Thumbtack上找活儿的专业人士平均能每年能赚到8000美元，Airbnb用户和eBay卖家的这个数字分别是7700美元和3000美元，考虑到这对于他们中大多数人只是外快，这已经不是个小数目了。优步等公司也认为，它们的许多员工都是同时在几个平台上接单，基于他们在单一平台上的收入来评判是不公平的。

But by opening up work to people who were unable to compete easily in a global market for talent, digital marketplaces have already produced some clear winners.Dennis Vorobyov, a web developer whose company, GBKSOFT, also bids for jobs on Upwork, says his mother, a doctor with over 25 years experience, earns less in one month than many of his web developer friends can earn from US clients in one day.数字市场将工作提供给一些原本无法轻易在全球人才市场上参与竞争的人，由此已经促成了一些明显的赢家。Dennis Vorobyov是一名网络开发人员，他的公司GBKSOFT也在Upwork上寻找工作。丹尼斯说他母亲是一名医生，有25年工作经验，但她一个月的收入还不如他的网络开发员朋友从美国客户那儿一天赚的钱多。

“People are now dreaming of becoming programmers, we have more and more schools offering courses in programming,” he says.“This is a big change in psychology;young Ukrainians these days are brave;they aren’t scared to register online and start freelancing.It’s a different attitude to life and money.” 丹尼斯说：“人们现在都梦想成为程序员，我们有越来越多的学校提供编程课程。这是心理上的一个重大变化，如今的乌克兰年轻人是勇敢的，他们不惧怕在网上注册成为一名自由职业者。这是一种不同的生活观和金钱观。”

He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。

SEVENTY years ago, the United Nations was formed as the expression of a simple choice: cooperation instead of war.Humanity would stand as one against conflict, poverty and disease.All the world’s voices would be heard.70年前，联合国的建立表明，人类做出了一个简单的选择：合作而非战争。全人类应该团结起来，应对冲突、贫穷和疾病。世界上所有人的声音都应被听到。At least, that was the plan.至少，那时是这样计划的。

We’ve come a long way.We’ve halted and reversed the spread of killer diseases, extended life expectancy and raised incomes.We’ve even walked ourselves back from the edge of some global conflicts and catastrophes.But progress has not been evenly distributed.Too many people have been left outside of a mostly urban, mostly Northern success story.我们一路走来取得了极大的进展。我们遏制和扭转了致命疾病的传播，延长了预期寿命，提高了收入水平。我们甚至将自己从一些全球性冲突和灾难的边缘拉了回来。但是人类的进步并不均衡。成功的故事主要在城市、在北半球，而太多的人被遗忘在这些成功故事之外。

Seeing that, world leaders put forth a new set of global goals in New York last week.If we want to build a world where not just some but all get to live in security and prosperity, there’s a lot still to do, as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development signed off on by United Nations member states shows.目睹这些现象，世界各国领导人上周在纽约提出了一系列新的全球目标。如果我们希望构建一个不仅让一部分人，而是让全体人都可以生活在安全与繁荣中的世界，我们仍有很多工作要做。联合国成员国签署的《2030年可持续发展议程》就体现了这一点

It lists 17 goals and 169 targets, and one of these, 9(c), is a target that we believe is crucial to accelerate realization of all the others: a commitment to provide Internet connectivity for all by 2020.议程中列出17项总体目标和169项具体目标。我们相信其中一项目标，即编号9(c)的目标，对促成其他所有目标的实现是至关重要的：承诺到2020年，让全世界所有人接入互联网。

Today over half the people on this planet don’t have access.That is not good for anyone — not for the disempowered and disconnected, and not for the other half, whose commerce and security depend on having stable societies.今天，我们这个星球上超过半数的人无法接入网络。这对任何人来说都不是好事——对那些处于劣势、未能连入网络的人并非好事，对另外一半也一样，因为后者的利益和安全都依托于社会的稳定 An unprecedented array of technologists and activists — from Mo Ibrahim to Bill and Melinda Gates, action/2015, Ushahidi and Sahara Reporters have come together to support a global Connectivity Declaration, pledging their support for the new global goals and connecting the world to opportunity.This needs to become a global movement.从穆·易卜拉欣(Mo Ibrahim)到比尔和梅琳达·盖茨(Bill and Melinda Gates)，从“行动/2015”(action/2015)到“见证者”(Ushahidi)，再到“撒哈拉记者”(Sahara Reporters)，一系列科技界人士和活动人士史无前例地联合起来，支持一项全球“互连宣言”。他们承诺会支持新的全球目标，让全世界与机遇相连。这需要成为一项全球性的运动。

In this century, global development and global connectivity are closely linked.If you want to help people feed, heal, educate and employ themselves around the world, we need to connect the world as well.The Internet should not belong to only three billion people, as it does today.It should be seen as a necessity for development, and a tool that makes larger things possible.这个世纪，全球发展与全球网络互联是密切相关的。想要协助世界各地的人得到饱足、医疗、教育并自力更生，我们也需要让全世界接入网络。互联网不应该像今天这样，只属于30亿人口。它应该被视为发展的必需品，一个用来成就更远大目标的工具。

In Ethiopia and Tanzania, for example, farmers connect to get better prices, track inventory and make mobile insurance payments in case of bad weather.In Nigeria, citizens use BudgIT, a mobile app, to assess whether governments keep their spending promises.The opportunity is especially great for women.Men have significantly more access to the web, but when women get connected, they use technology as a pathway to better education, health, economic status and security.In Guatemala, cellphones inform mothers how to have healthy pregnancies.In Kenya, women receive financial services via their cellphones thanks to the brilliant M-Pesa microfinance scheme.以埃塞俄比亚和坦桑尼亚为例，当地的农民可利用网络争取较高的售价、追踪库存、通过移动设备支付保险费用，以防天有不测风云。尼日利亚公民可以利用BudgIT这个手机app，来监督政府是否遵守承诺运用开支。对女性来说这尤其是个大好机会。虽然男性连线上网的机会要多得多，不过如果女性也能使用网络，她们就能借助科技手段，寻求更好的教育、健康、经济地位与人身安全。危地马拉的准妈妈能使用手机学习如何在孕期保持健康。而在肯尼亚，借助M-Pesa这个出色的微型贷款计划，妇女们能够通过手机获得金融服务。

In the last few weeks, we’ve watched desperate refugees seek shelter on the frontiers of Europe.Smartphones have made it possible for those left behind to communicate with loved ones across checkpoints and razor wire.The Internet connected our world in shared grief as a Syrian child’s death on a beach in Turkey came to symbolize every refugee.Social media carried the message and changed not just popular opinion but public policy.过去几周，我们看到许多难民铤而走险，在欧洲边境寻求庇护。智能手机使得那些留在当地的难民，得以与跨过了检查站和铁丝网的亲人保持连系。网络使全世界人，共同为一个死在土耳其海滩上的叙利亚男童哀悼，使他成为了每位难民的共同象征。社交网络不只传递了信息，同时也促成了公众意见与公共政策的改变。

It’s one thing to say we should connect the world.The real trick is how.然而用网络连结全世界说来容易，做起来难。

There’s no simple solution or silicon bullet.并不存在简便的解决方案，或者一蹴而就的技术工具

In many places, increasing connectivity will have to start with extending access to energy.Nine out of 10 rural Africans don’t have electricity.Governments can make the difference.This is why we support initiatives like President Obama’s Power Africa plan and the bipartisan Electrify Africa Act in Congress, as well as the African Development Bank’s investments in renewable energy.在许多地方，想普及网络连接，得先从普及能源供应开始着手。非洲农村地区的民众十分之九没有电力可用，政府当局可以在这个方面带来改变。这就是我们为什么要支持奥巴马总统提出的“电力非洲计划”(Power Africa)、两党在国会共同提出的《非洲电气化法案》(Electrify Africa Act)，以及非洲开发银行(African Development Bank)对可再生能源的投资。

Where governments lay the foundation, the private sector can build.Promising efforts are underway to bridge the digital pide.But we know the global community can, and must, do more — and urgently.The Intel Foundation’s work in STEM education, Microsoft’s use of technology to advance the Millennium Development Goals and Google’s Project Loon to connect remote locations illustrate how technology leaders are prioritizing this effort, as is Internet.org, Facebook’s contribution to meeting the challenge.政府打下基础之后，私营部门就能继续建设。我们为缩小数字鸿沟所付出的努力前景可期。不过我们也很清楚，世界各国可以也应该作出更多贡献，而这是刻不容缓的。英特尔基金会(Intel Foundation)为理工和数学教育所做的工作，微软利用科技推进千年发展目标(Millennium Development Goals)的努力，以及谷歌为偏远地区提供网络接入的热气球计划(Project Loon)，都显示出科技巨头将此视为当务之急。Facebook旗下的Internet.org也为应对挑战做出了贡献

More technology companies and entrepreneurs must take more responsibility.Silicon Valley should look beyond itself and act more on issues like education, health care and the refugee crisis.We challenge the tech industry to do far more for those most marginalized, those trapped in poverty, and those beyond or on the edge of the network.需要有更多科技公司与企业家承担起更多责任。硅谷不只应该关注自身，还应该采取更多行动，应对教育、医疗及难民危机等议题。我们想对科技产业提出挑战，替那些最边缘化、为贫穷所困，还有那些网络所不能及的人群，付出更大努力。

All the global goals must be scored — but the goal of connectivity for everyone everywhere will surely hurry this game-that’s-not-a-game to its successful conclusion.Hurry being the operative word here.所有的全球目标都必须达成，然而让世界各地的所有人都接入互联网的目标，肯定能加速这场并非儿戏的赛跑。“加速”理当成为我们的行动方针

If you've ever felt threatened walking home late at night, chances are you've phoned a loved one to make sure they know you're safe.如果你深夜步行回家时感到害怕，你极有可能向你爱的人打电话，向他们报平安。

But making calls not only makes your phone a target for thieves, it can also distract you from your surroundings, putting you at greater risk.但是打电话不仅会暴露手机成为小偷的目标，还会分散你对周围环境的注意力，将自己置于更危险的境地。

Now there's an app that lets your family or friends track your journey and will call for help automatically if it senses you're in trouble.现在有一款应用能让家人或朋友了解你的旅途足迹，当感应到你遇到危险时，自动求救。

Called Companion, the main feature that distinguishes it from other tracking and GPS apps, such as Apple's Find My Friends, is its 'Are you OK?' button.这款应用名为“同伴”。该应用的主要特色“你还好吗？”按钮使它与其他行迹和GPS应用不同。Before setting off on a journey, users input their starting point, their destination and a designated 'companion'.出发前，用户输入出发点和终点，然后授权一位“同伴”。This can be anyone in the user's contacts book, and they don't need to have the app installed.这个“同伴”可以是用户通讯录里的任何一个人，而他们不必安装此应用。

The 'companion' can then track the phone's GPS to see where their loved one is at any time, while the app will periodically show a button on the user's home screen asking 'Are you OK?' 然后这位“同伴”就可以跟踪手机的GPS随时了解他们爱的人所在的位置，而同时应用会定时在用户的主屏幕上显示一个按钮，询问“你还好吗？”。

If they don't press the button within 15 seconds, the companion is sent an alert.如果用户15秒内没有按下按钮，指定的“同伴”就会收到提醒。

The user is also given the option to call the police from within the app.而在用户的应用中也会出现报警的选项。

Elsewhere, the app can detect if a person has been running, or headphones have been removed from the audio jack suggesting the phone has been dropped, for example.此外，这款应用还可以检测一个人是否在奔跑，或者耳机是否从插孔里脱落，这可能表明手机已经掉了。

If this happens, the 'Are you OK?' button appears and the 15-second countdown starts automatically.如果这种情况发生，“你还好吗？”按钮就会出现，然后自动开始15秒的倒计时。

Companion is free for iOS and Android devices and users need to enter their mobile number to sign up to the service.苹果与安卓设备可以免费使用“同伴”，用户需要输入手机号码注册来获得此服务。

Although the app was designed in the US, it works with international numbers when they are prefixed with their country's code.尽管这款应用是在美国设计的，但是只要在前面输入国家代码，全世界的手机号码都可以使用。'Companion lets you reach out to family, friends or your campus police and have them keep an eye on you as you travel late at night,' explained the app's makers.应用设计者说，“当你深夜时分在外时，‘同伴’可以保持你与家人、朋友或校园警察的联系，他们可以实时注意你的动态。”

'If you start running, don't make it to your destination on time, have your headphones yanked out or your phone falls to the ground, we will check in on you to make sure everything is okay.如果你开始奔跑、没有准时到达目的地、耳机拔了出来或者手机掉到地上，我们都会尝试联系你，确认你一切安好。”

'You can also report areas that make you uneasy.Simply tap the 'I Feel Nervous' button and we'll pass this information on [the authorities].' 你也可以举报令你感到不安全的地方。很简单，按‘我感到紧张’按钮，我们会把相关信息传达给有关部门。”

Companion is similar to SafeTrek, an app that uses the pressure sensor of smartphone touchscreens to create an alarm that will call for help if the user lifts their finger off.同伴”和SafeTrek功能相似。SafeTrek是一款利用智能手机触屏压力感应器的应用，当用户松开手指时，应用会发出呼救的警报。

第二篇：综合英语

A：admonitiom（w）/afflict（cause）/aid(h)/aftermath(t)/aglow(bright)/ammunition(bullets)/assume(s)/academic(connected)/assumption(w)

B：bang（s）/blowout（a）/bundle（q）/bombard(k)

C：clank（a short）/cripple（sb）/crutch（a stick）/ civilian(a person)/ corpse(a dead)/ cripple(i)/character(t)/characteristic(a quality)/coercive(u)/colonel(an)/complex(w)/conventional(of)/coordinate(one)/corporal(a soldier)/curriculum(all)

D：dismiss（r）/driveway（a road）/doom(c)/dub(n)/ define(s)

E：enormity（t）/engulf(s)/enrage(m)/err(d)/ eligibility(the q)/essence(the m)

F：frail（w）/frustrated(feeling)/fumble(m)/fiery(full)/footstep(t)/flunk(j)/frequent(v)/fuzzy(n)G：gauge(a fact)/gusty(c)/grim(s)/garment(a piece)/gear(t)

H：hobble(w)/honk(m)/horn(an)/hatred(t)/heap(a pile)/hamper(p)/hew(s)/humor(d)

I：indifference(lack)/ interval(a period)/ignorant(lacking)/infantryman(a soldier)/inadequacy(b)/indicate(show)/irrelewant(n)/ install(set)

J：jack(an)/jerk(p)/joint(a part)

K：knit(m)

L：lieutenant(an)

N: norm(L)

M:makeshift(u)/mystery(sth)/misleading(L)

O:overflow(b)/odds(the)/oddly(i)/offset(c)

P:paralyze(c)/penetrate(e)/peninsula(a piece)/platoon(a small)/precaution(sth)/permanently(f)/perspective(a way)/proficiency(skill)/ prophet(someone)/

R:ragtag(a confused)/regiment(a large)/rifle(a type)/rubble(a mass)b /rank(the)/repute(r)/retain(k)/ritual(fixed)//resent(feel)

S:scriptural(f)/slacken(b)/slash(c)/slick(smooth)/spent(e)/split-leve(h)/ soul(spirit)/

shell(a metal)/spot(a particular)/stiff(n)/strew(scatter)/semester(o)/sergeant(an)/shift(move o)sweep(move q)/species(a particular)/swap(g)

T:thump(move)/tilt(c)/task(a piece)/tattered(o)/tuck(make)/turmoil(a state)/transcript(an)U:utterly(c)/underneath(d)

V:valid(r)/vow(s)

W:whatsoever(w)/warfare(the a)/wartime(the p)

Y:yardstick(sth)

第三篇：综合英语exercise参考

第一单元 什么成就全球性语言？

Key to Exercises

Text A

II.Vocabulary Expansion

1.dominance2.subjugate3.intrinsic4.supremacy5.on account of

6.be weighed against7.neuter8.inflectional9.cosmopolitan10.laud

III.Cloze

1.dominant2.fields3.common4.bad5.publishing6.commercially7.reaching8.achieving

9.outcome10.imaginative

Text B

Section A

语言涉及到身份，正如我们所穿的衣服。我们总是尽量使自己的英语与别人的不一样。英语作为一门外语在教授时我们总是追求其易懂和得体。但如果每个民族创造他们自己独特的英语，英语作为一门语言有没有解体的危险。“我认为媒体的融合过程将使不同种类的英语越来越被人们所理解。但如果每个地区有不同的英语而每个地区与世隔绝，谁知道又会发生什么情况呢？远离南卡罗莱纳州海岸的海岛是世界上最迷人的地方之一，如果你来到这儿，你会看到三百年前作为奴隶用船运来的黑人。他们说一种被成为嘎勒英语的语言。这种语言以英语为基础，又带有许多非洲词汇；作为一种英语变体我们是无法理解的。这就是可能发生的一种情况。我认为它可能不会发生，但不得不承认可能性极大。”

Section B

When Mexican pilots land their airplanes in France, they and the ground controllers use English.When German physicists want to alert the international scientific community to new discoveries, they first publish their findings in English.When Japanese executives conduct business with Scandinavian entrepreneurs, they negotiate in English.When pop singers write their songs, they often use lyrics or phrases in English.When demonstrators want to alert the world to their problems, they display signs in English.第二单元 面向21世纪的管理者

Text A

II.Vocabulary Expansion

1.driving force 2.are motivated 3.underlying 4.enlightened5.illiterate 6.mass production 7.quality control 8.mode 9.conversely 10.competitor 11.dominates 12.promote

III.Cloze

1.soar 2.route 3.After 4.lure 5.offering 6.announced 7.Naturally 8.quotas 9 barely 10.abolished 11.initiative

12.but 13.version 14.because 15.automatic

Section B

现在，我们认为管理学中变化莫测。有人会希望管理学以及工业科学会存在某种联系，这种联系会引起现今人们应有的关注。没有会质疑：在竞争日益激烈的国际大环境下，我们会需要更多的科学家及创新技术来提供强大的动力支持。如果科学家们感到毫无自身价值，整日徘徊于工业区之中，这对未来将不会是一个好的预兆。消除科学界与工业产业之间的这些误解似乎十分必要。而最为重要的是在于，我们必须确保管理学本身并没有自恃其地位的高不可攀，也没有在未意识到沟通的实质就是对话之时，就发布声明说关于其的任务论断。我们急需更多授权权利，并应为之而奋起直追。

Section C.After leaving the university, I spent nearly five years researching a book on leadership.My goal was to find these leaders’ common traits, a task that required more probing than I had expected.For a while, I sensed much more persity than commonality among them.The group included both rational and intuitive thinkers;some who are well-spoken, articulate speakers and laconic, inarticulate ones;some aggressive types and some who were the opposite.After several years of observation and conversation, I defined four competencies evident to some extent in every member of the group: management of attention, management of meaning, management of trust, and management of self.The first trait apparent in these leaders is their ability to draw others to them, not just because they have a vision but because they communicate an extraordinary focus of commitment.Leaders manage attention through a compelling vision that brings others to a place they have not been before.第三单元 工程学

Text A

Ⅰ.Vocabulary expansion

1.Range;2.monumental;3.load;4.Practical;5.reduce;

6.expanded;7.distinct;8.Process;9.Career;10.specification

Ⅱ.Cloze

1.flash2.realize3.Even for4.emerged5.such

6.With7.has matured8.applicable9.up to10.immediately

TEXT B

Section A

尽管有上述优势，本世纪呈现出的挑战像以前出现在任何一个千年中的挑战那样难以对付。随着人口的增长，人类的需求逐步扩张。如何维持人类文明的不断进步，与此同时改善生活质量，这一问题逐渐浮出水面。个人和公众健康的新旧威胁日益要求更加有效快捷的治疗。对于流行疾病、恐怖暴力以及自然灾害的弱抵制力要求我们认真研究新方法来保护自己，预防伤害。自从人们学会攫取火种和以车代步后，能增进居家欢乐的产品仍然是工程革新的首要考虑。

在人类众多的考虑（包括稳定性，健康，脆弱性，生活之乐）中，极大的挑战等待着工程师的解决方案。全世界的工程类专家会努力将知识运用于实践中来迎接这类巨大的挑战。只要运用逻辑定律，科学发现，艺术美学以及灵感闪现，工程师们将会一如既往地为人类创造一个更加美好的未来。

Section B

Since 1900, the number of engineers and of engineering specialities has expanded dramatically.Artificial hearts, airplanes, computers, lasers, nuclear energy, plastics, space travel, and television are only a few of the scientific and technological breakthroughs that engineers have helped bring about in this century.Because science and technology are progressing and changing o rapidly, today’s engineers must study throughout their careers to make sure that their knowledge and expertise do not become obsolete.They face the challenging task of keeping pace with the latest advances while working to shape the technology of the future.The field of engineering offers a broad range of job opportunities.Engineers may work in factories, offices, and government laboratories or at construction sites.Some engineers are involved in the research and development of new products.Others are responsible for turning plans and specifications for new structures, machines, or systems into reality.Still others use their background and training to sell and service technical equipment.Many engineers work on projects in teams that include scientists, technicians, and other engineers, however, some engineers act as independent consultants who sell their services to people who need engineering assistance.Engineers may also hold teaching positions or move up into management positions in business.第四单元

Text A

II.Vocabulary Expansion

1.insightful 2.labels 3.minimum 4.well-being 5.substantial 6.sole 7.bashing8.images 9.flatter 10.would-be 11.suffice 12.paradox

III.Cloze

1.committed 2.supports 3.cooperativeness 4.willingness 5.in 6.seen 7.because 8.help 9.effectively 10.discovered 11.differ 12.traditionally 13.encourage14.enhance 15.things

Part A.自由党人（按照美国的说法）十分维护政府的利益，自然不愿屈服于斯密所称的那只”看不见的手”的强大力量。利己主义并非简单地等同于贪婪、自私以及自恋。如果它被合理地约束起来，那么对于社会发展以及源于企业及个人的独立创新能力的人类进步事业，将会产生巨大的推动作用。自由党人极力反对该论断，是因为其夺走了所有那些似乎可以（经政府显现出）作为一个良好社会外在标志的东西：权力、社会地位、心理的满足感。Part B.Weirdly, Akio Toyoda, scion of the Toyota family, summed it up rather well.“Believe me, Toyota's car is safety,” the chief executive of Japan's most iconic company said.“But we will try to increase our product better.” It would normally be unforgivable to mock someone's difficulties in English.But the fact that Mr.Toyoda, who earned an MBA in the US, had not been drilled in a word-perfect English apology says much about Toyota's sub-quality response to its recall crisis.In Japan, the apology, like ikebana and haiku, is an art form.Yet as recently as last Friday, when the Toyota chief made his tangled mea culpa, the company was still failing to address the concerns of its customers, 70 per cent of whom live outside Japan

第五单元 福克纳在诺贝尔文学奖颁奖仪式上的致辞

Text A

Vocabulary expansion

1.agony2.dedication 3 anguish4.acclaim 5.deteriorate6.prevailing.7.immortal8 eternity9.inexhaustible10.sustain

Cloze Test

1.opinion 2 lost generation 3 legend 4 drama 5 romance 6 foremost 7 overlooked 8 being9 delighted 10 spotlight 11 considered12 celebrated 13 career 14 description 15 sentencesSection A：

1959年激光的发明给了电信业极大鼓舞，认为光通信很快就能实现。光通信大有与环形波导系统争一日长短之势，但环形波导系统在当时仍然稳占上风。1960年，激光技术才刚起步，全球只有数间研究所进行过一些实验，未有足够数据证实光通信的可行性。光通信尚未成气候。但高锟仍然认为激光通信具有巨大潜力。

那个时候，只有两个研究组开始从事光通信传输方面的研究，其它的研究组则从事固态和半导体激光器的研究。激光在光频范围会发出相干的辐射，但要利用相干光作为信息的载体，即使非绝无可能，也十分困难。要真正实现光通信，还有很多重要的问题需要解决。

到目前为止，光纤通信不仅仅是科技上的进步，还为社会带来了显著变革。下一代人将会以不同的方式学习和成长；人们打交道的方式也将有所不同。一件产品各个部分的生产有可能分散在世界多个地方，为人们尤其是发展中国家的人民提供了巨大的机遇。信息的广泛传播，明显带来更多平等和参与公共事务的机会。

最后，高锟教授和我想感谢香港中文大学的教授，他们是：杨教授、黄教授、张教授和陈教授，在准备这篇演讲稿时他们给予了我们莫大帮助。高锟也感谢ITT公司，在那里他用了30年的时间发展出自己的事业，同时感谢早期和他一同投入光纤研发的同事。没有一大群志同道合的人，这个工业便不会蓬勃发展至今天这个面貌。Section B :

Ladies and Gentlemen

Britain is the last leg of my European trip.I have gained a deeper understanding of Europe through this visit.China-EU cooperation is now standing at a new historical starting point and I am all the more confident about the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership.There are no outstanding issues left over from history or conflict of fundamental

interests between the two sides.What we have is a solid foundation and a bright future for cooperation.As the first industrialized country, Britain has accumulated rich experience in economic development and environmental protection.We hope to learn from your experience and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with you.The future belongs to the younger generation.It is incumbent upon you to build an even more splendid future of China-Britain relations.Here and now, I cannot but mention Dr.Joseph Needham, a Cambridge alumnus who made important contribution to cultural exchanges between China and Britain.With his monumental masterpiece, Science and Civilization in China, he built a bridge between the two great civilizations of East and West.To honor tradition and innovation is the outstanding character of Cambridge.I hope more of you will turn your eyes to China, see my country in the light of her development, and act as ambassadors of China-Britain friendship.I believe that as long as you, the young people of China and Britain learn from each other and strive for progress hand in hand, you will add a brilliant new chapter to the annals of our relations.Thank you!

第六单元什么是科学理论

Text A

II.Vocabulary Expansionarbitrary2.quantities3.inverse4.provisional5.contradicts

6.devised7.motion8.omnipotent9.evolved10.isolation

11.endeavored

III.Cloze

1.exactly2.pursue3.diagnosed4.chair5.reputation 6.landmark

7.guiding 8.confront9.infinite10.exhilarating11.ventured

12.vantage 13.trapped14.transformed15.tantalizing

Text B

Section A

1958年，由于纳什在博弈论、代数几何学和非线性理论方面取得的成就，《财富》杂志推举他为同时活跃在纯粹数学和应用数学两个领域的新一代天才数学家中最杰出的人物。纳什有关人类竞争原因的观察，体现在他的理性冲突与合作的理论中，成为20世纪最具影响力的成果之一，给年轻的经济学带来了根本性的转变，其程度不亚于孟德尔（Mendel）发现基因遗传现象、达尔文（Darwin）建立自然选择模式以及牛顿确立天体力学原理分别在生物学和物理学引发的彻底革命

Section B

John Forbes Nash, Jr.-mathematical genius, inventor of a theory of rational behavior, visionary of the thinking machine-had been sitting with his visitor, also a mathematician, for nearly half an hour.It was late on a weekday afternoon in the spring of 1959, and, though it was only May, uncomfortably warm.Nash was slumped in an armchair in one corner of the hospital lounge, carelessly dressed in a nylon shirt that hung limply over his unbelted trousers.His powerful frame was slack as a rag doll’s, his finely molded features expressionless.He had been staring dully at a spot immediately in front of the left foot of Harvard professor George Mackey, hardly moving except to brush his long dark hair away from his forehead in a fitful, repetitive motion。

第七单元世纪回顾与展望

Text A

II.Vocabulary Expansion

1.peripheral;2.herald;3.scholastic;4.summation;

5.rampage;6.exhort;7.compatriot;8.exposition;

9.fabric;10.take stock of;11.Against all odds;12.concoct

III.Cloze

1.Freud;2.reign.;3.but;4.China;5.life-span;

6.which;7.first;8.Test;9.shift;10.brothers;

11.Russia;12.elected;13.far;14.discoveries;15.energy

Text B

Section A

这种所谓智能卡的化身已开始使用。一些保险公司发行投保人病历卡，投保人拿处方配药时需要这种卡。《隐私时代》通讯的编辑Evan Hendricks 说，这种技术源于方便，但“不方便的是，房东、雇主、保险公司会说，我们不和你做交易，除非把你的卡给我们看看。”

个人信息更难保护了，因为越来越多的公司和政府部门建有很容易连接的数据库。“你从一个数据库转到另一个数据库，就象人们从一家酒吧到另一家酒吧一样容易，” Hendricks 说。“各家公司将可能开发信息高速公路，但政府总是愿意插手这些事情。公司为了直销开发数据库，接着联邦调查局利用这些数据库从事各种调查。”

Simson L.Garfinkel在1994年2月的Wired上发文认为，数据库热是从里根的“福利皇后”（靠政府福利生活的人）诈骗纳税人的神话开始的。“这被叫作操作匹配，” Garfinkel在文中引用一位隐私专家的话说，“它把记录欠政府钱的人员的数据库和记录从政府领取钱的人的数据库匹配。通过匹配可以寻找拖欠学生贷款的政府雇员和拥有大量不劳而获又没申报的收入的领取福利的人。”

Section B

Peering into the 21st century, authorities on the future see extraordinary changes.Whether in the home, the workplace or outer space, many of these changes will be of the sort that seemed unthinkable only a few years ago-----cars that spot their own parking places, household appliances that talk back, factories in orbit and computers powered by protein cells.New scientific breakthroughs will allow machines to take on more tasks that the human brain has traditionally done.第八单元大学压力

Key to Exercises Text A

II.Vocabulary Expansion

1.edge;2.accrued;3.put;4.vacillating

5.steer6.shaping7.company8.sampled

9.engage in 10.startled11.in effect12.crunch13.raised the ente

III.Cloze

1.graduation;2.jobless;3.caused;4.enrolling;5.surpassed;

6.bewildered;7.frustrated;8.absent;9.addicted;10.neglected;

Text B

Section A

科罗马先生是一个经验丰富的讲师，也是一个在本领域得到承认的专家。当有人建议他把自己的研究成果交给一个硕士生时，引起了他的注意。当他深入调查此事时，他在机器工程系发现了直接拷贝博士论文的三个例证。

其中最明显的一个是，一篇署名为T.G.巴勒克拉夫的硕士论文，1996年以“原作”提交申请学位，其中成块的章节显然拷贝于一篇1993年的博士论文，该博士论文的署名作者是易卜拉欣先生。某些句子做了很小修改，如当解释留存在既有中的残留物时，用“碎片”代替“颗粒”，但是两篇论文该部分几乎完全相同。硕士论文甚至用复印机直接拷贝1993年博士论文的全图标。

在科罗马四月份向威尔士大学提供的证据中，他的导师布莱恩·罗伊兰斯博士已经承认没有及时提供实验原油材料的事实，但同时博士又提到实验延迟的另一个原因是学生手腕骨折，而他们已经竭尽所能了。

威尔士大学的秘书长杰弗里·普里查德说，“科罗马先生的上诉申辩目前正在研究中，并且我们一定会以严肃的态度处理。同时，我们将审查与这件事情相关的所有事情。

Section B

Plagiarism is the act of representing another person's words or ideas as your own.The offense may be as small as a sentence copied from a book.Or it may be as extensive as a whole paper copied--or bought--from somebody else.Intellectual dishonesty is nothing new.The only difference now is that the Internet has made it much simpler to steal other people's work.Yet the same technology that makes it easy to find information to copy also makes it easier to identify plagiarism.Teachers can use online services that compare papers to thousands of others to search for copied work.The teacher gets a report on any passages that are similar enough to suspect plagiarism.These services are widely used.Turnitin.com, for example, says it is used in more than one hundred countries and examines more than one hundred thirty thousand papers a day.

第四篇：综合英语说课稿

综合英语说课稿

一、课程设置 从课程定位、课程目标和课程设计三个方面进行说课。

1课程定位

综合英语是我院商务英语专业的基础核心课程，旨在培养学生听说读写综合语言运用能力。我们基于对本专业人才培养目标的设定：本专业面向涉外企事业单位，培养德、智、体、美全面发展，具有较高的综合素质、较强的商务英语应用和商务沟通能力，了解涉外企业结构和运作、国际贸易知识及基本运作，熟练使用现代办公设备和网络技术，能够满足商务活动需要的高技能人才。从而确定对该课程的具体定位: 本课程是一门以商务环境等等各式主题为背景，训练学生英语听、说、读、写、译的综合交际能力，从而培养学生英语综合语言应用能力的基础课程。同时，也是为进一步学习其他商务英语专业知识和商务实践技能打下牢固的基础，为通过大学英语四、六级考试和商务英语专业证书的考试打下基础的专业核心课程。

综合英语课程是学习掌握商务英语专业其他职业技能课程的工具，体现在言语技能培养和语言知识传授的承上启下的作用上，即在巩固学生高中阶段所掌握的基本英语技能基础上，通过语篇和词法的学习深化英语技能，真正为高职应用英语专业的后续专业知识和专业技能课程突出职业性、实践性和开放性提供工具支持。

2综合英语课程目标

以能力为本位，传授系统的基础英语语音、语法知识、阅读、写作以及翻译知识，综合训练四项基本技能，培养英语交际能力。通过语言基础训练和知识积累，使学生掌握语篇阅读理解能力，扩大词汇量和熟悉英语常用的句型和习语；强调英语语言实际应用，具备基本的口头和笔头表达能力，获得基本的交际能力，以提高专业素养，为将来的就业打下坚实的基础。

具体来讲，本门课程的知识目标、能力目标和职业素养目标分别是：

知识目标：

扎实掌握英语基础知识及常用语法知识，具备一定的词汇量；掌握400多个较高要求的新词及其用法；

能用所学的阅读技巧进行熟练、准确地阅读；速度达到130字左右/分钟，准确率不低于70%

能力目标

英语语言交际能力

了解英美文化、民俗习惯及中西文差异，避免商务沟通中的摩擦。

职业素养目标

树立诚实守信、勤恳厚道的职业道德观念；养成爱岗敬业、不断进取的工作作风；培养创新意识、竞争与团队合作意识。

3、课程设计

对于课程的设计将从四个方面进行阐述： 教学内容、教学方法、评价体系和学习环境。教学内容： 以教材为依托，强调以听说读写译的应用需求为教学的主要内容。

综合英语从整体上强化、突出英语听说读写技能，强调学用结合，即真正实现英语语言要素(语音，句法和词法)和基本技能(听说读写译)之间的沟通和综合。

教学方法：

对于英美文化内容 通过presentation, group work, role-play和debate 等多种形式进行传输，侧重以学生为学习的主体，教师只起到导向与监督的作用，培养学生能在英语交际实践活动中，用英语进行很好的沟通，交流。

对于听说内容采用交际教学法(Communicative Approach)激发学生的学习兴趣，让他们能积极参与课堂教学活动。使学生养成自主学习的习惯，不断自觉地巩固听说能力和拓展阅读量，提高综合文化素养。

对于阅读、写作和翻译内容 以任务型教学法(Task-oriented Approach)为主，一方面，教学实践中将语音、词汇和语法按照模块进行教学，并通过练习达到英语语言要素的无缝式衔接；另一方面，通过综合英语的篇章阅读教学、词法教学及写作等相关技能和知识的扩展性训练，进而全面提高学生英语的运用水平。

评价体系：

采用过程性考核与期末终结性考核相结合，每部分各占总成绩的50%。

过程性考核包括：出勤（10分）、课堂表现（10分）、课外自主学习、作业（30分）。期末终结性考核：采用笔试闭卷形式，题型包括快速阅读、仔细阅读、完型填空汉译英和写作。

通过过程性考核与期末终结性考核相结合的方式，能较客观有效地对学生的学习成绩进行评价。

学习环境：校内实训环境---语音实训教室和多媒体教室满足和适应本课程以及与课程相关实践实训要求（如英语综合能力实训）。

二、教学内容

《综合英语》课程的设计理念是：一根主线、一种理念、加五种技能。

一根主线既：以提高英语综合能力为主线；一种理念，强调的是语言加技能。这里所指的五种技能即为：英语的听、说、读、写、译五大技能。

基于这一课程设计理念，以外研社的《新编大学英语》教程为依托，整合了课程内容。具体内容如下：

在选取如上的教学内容同时，总结归纳教学的重点与难点：

重点是：1.英语语言综合技能的训练 2.英语等级考试。相应的解决这一问题的方式手段为听说领先、实践为主、巩固基础、理解到位。以训练英语听说为首要，以语言实操为重点，加强英语语言基础的巩固，进而提高学生的理解能力。

难点为：1.运用英语跨文化交际的能力2.语言文化修养的提高。这两大难点难在无论是能力的培养还是修养的提高都需要长时间的积累与刻苦的学习。为了解决这一难点，我们采用丰富课外活动以及引入文化背景的介绍，例如开办英语角，英语演讲比赛，再如综合英语课堂上及时的英语国家的介绍等。通过这两个手段，尽量创造英语学习的氛围与英语语言文化氛围，使学生耳濡目染，遂渐提高语言文化修养，培养英语运用能

表现形式： 表现形式丰富多样：有教材及参考资料，选用的是外语教学与研究出版社的《新编大学英语》，该书是国家级规划教材，提供课本、光盘与网络课程三种不同的载体。选材注重信息性、趣味性和前瞻性，题材广泛，内容丰富，涉及文化习俗、伦理道德、信息技术、科学教育、社会焦点等各个方面。无论是教材的体系，知识的衔接都十分科学。教材以坚持以学生为学习主体，并有拓展，有操练，是一本优秀的教材。此外我们制订了课程标准，为

本课程教学提供了规范。我们在授课过程采用多媒体教室，制作了课件；另外《新编大学英语》教材编写方还提供了网络学习的平台，为学生的学习创造了便利的条件。题库方面，选用了与全国大学英语四六级考试题型及难度一致的真题与模拟题，对学生的四六级考证有极大的帮助。

三、教学设计

学情分析

学生大部分是90后，以独生子女为主，有较强的交际意识，对事物的兴趣不稳定。从整体上看学生英语知识基础知识比较薄弱，而且参差不齐，尤其是语法知识缺口较大；此外，大部分学生不具备英语学习策略，更谈不上运用学习策略来指导自己的英语学习；更糟糕的是学生的英语学习兴趣不高，没有明确的学习目标，更别说有自主学习能力。因此我将学习类型主要分为四种：厌学型、刻苦型、兴趣动力型、目标任务型。针对学习类型的不同，采取不同的指导策略

教学模式

一、工学结合，情境教学。在教学上以项目为载体，以学生为主体的任务驱动式教学，实现了岗位技能要求与教学目标的有机结合，突出了任务引导型教学模式的实用性和先进性。其特点下：

变传统的教师满堂灌的课堂教学方法和“一块黑板、一支粉笔、一本书”的教学手段为师生互动性、学生参与性较强的教学方法和现代教育技术与传统课堂教学相结合的教学手段；

2）围绕职业能力目标结合课文内容（教学模块）形成不同主题应用场景，组织课程训练内容，有针对性的进行教、学、做相结合，清晰体现应用过程。

教学方法

结合专业教学内容和学生特点工学结合情境教学，教、学、做 一体化

通过双语教学，采用互动合作、Role-Play等方法强化学生的外语语言应用能力 模拟仿真与任务驱动相结合，有效地将理论知识转化为职业技能

多媒体网络教学，将抽象的理论知识转化为具体的技能模块

活动或案例评析，提高应用能力

以学生为中心，以教师为主导，加强基础练习，采用启发式、讨论式、发现式和研究式的教学方法，充分挖掘学生的学习潜力，尊重学生个性差异，激发学生的学习动机，变被动

学习为主动学习，最大限度地让学生参与学习的全过程。加强实践教学环节。通过学生讲座、表演、演讲、交流等方法创建学生实践教学、施展才华的舞台。

经过将在校两年综合英语的学习，学生之间在各方面都拉开了很大差距，比如一部分学生通过课堂及课下学习掌握了一些学习方法，英语综合成绩提高了，学习有了主动性和积极性，而且还树立了明显的学习目标；而也有一小部分同学仍然很盲目，学习也是三天打鱼两天晒网，自然学习成绩很不理想。

四、教学组织与实施

以《新编大学英语》1, Unit 9.单元第一次课为例，在文化教育的背景下，培养阅读和写作的能力

知识目标：学习中西方节假日的英语表达掌握叙事文体、论证法的结构

能力目标：培养学生就中、西方节日及文化习俗差异进行情景对话的能力训练学生对某一话题展开论证的表达能力

素质目标：树立正确的文化、价值观念开展小组讨论，培养合作学习意识和团队协作精神 教学环节：话题导入（5’）

读前热身（10’）

整体把握（12’）

学会论证（13’）

总结作业（5’）

五、特色与创新

突出英语语言能力在应用中培养

教师角色转变为学生发展的指导者、促进者

过程与终结考核并重复合型课程考核模式

采用互动性、参与性较强的教学方法

重视对学生英语实践应用能力的培养

六、教学评估手段

采取多种教学评估手段，对学生成绩进行评价。主要有课堂提问、课后作业（口头、书面）、单元测试、期中测试以及期末测试等多种方法。

六、教学单元设计举例（结合具体某一单元的教学内容介绍教学模式的思路，各种教学方法、手段及进行教学评价）

以《美国文化的五大象征》一课为例。

教学内容主要是介绍美国文化的五大象征：自由女神、芭比娃娃、美国哥特人、水牛镍币及山姆大叔。

教学目标

知识目标:掌握词汇短语及重点句型；把握文章的中心思想及写作方法。

能力目标：培养学生听说读写的能力，综合提高英语技能。

素质目标：培养学生跨文化意识，增强爱国主义情感。

教学步骤：课前预习、学习新课、课后练习

课堂教学模式

读前预热主要是简单的听说练习。一听相关信息，完成听力填空练习；二听背景知识，为进一步听说做准备；三听新课，回答问题，初步掌握文章大意。新课学习分以下几步： 第一步快读文章，把握文章大意，做阅读练习。

第二步精读文章，把握文章中心思想。学习掌握文章的中心思想及写作方法。

第三步精读文章，把握重点词汇短语及主要句型。

第四步课堂讨论，给出话题，分组讨论，作出报告。

第五步课堂小结，巩固复习本次课重点知识。

教学方法

以学生为中心，以教师为主导，引导学生学习新知识，练习新知识以提高英语技能。采用讲练结合法、启发式教学法、讨论法、答疑法等教学方法。

教学手段

主要是借助多媒体课件，呈现新知识，复习旧知识。

教学评价

课前预习情况的检查纪录，课堂努力的程度（即课堂表现：课堂提问、课堂阅读、参与讨论、回答问题等）

第五篇：综合英语2011大纲

《综合英语》考试大纲

一、考试基本要求

考生应掌握基本的英语语言知识并具备一定的语言运用能力。具体要求如下：

1．词汇：认知词汇约5500-6000左右，熟练掌握其中2500左右常用词及其搭配，并能正确使用。了解和掌握英语的基本构词规则。

2.语法：掌握语法规则，系统掌握英语句子的结构，能运用语法及句子结构的知识，阅读短文，填空和翻译。

3.写作：掌握一定的写作知识和技巧，正确运用语法，修辞，结构等方面知识。所写文章应格式正确、结构合理、观点明确、语言得体、内容切实、语法正确、语言通顺。

4．阅读：要求学生具有一定的语言综合能力，掌握一定的阅读技巧，在限定的时间内快速阅读，获取书面信息，理解所阅读的文章。

5.翻译：掌握初步的翻译知识和技巧，能翻译与课文难度相仿的句子和段落，译文较为通顺。

二、考试方法

闭卷、笔试，时间为120分钟。

三、试题类型

采用以下题型：

1、单选题

2、完型填空

3、阅读理解题

4、翻译题（汉英互译）

5、作文题

四、教材及主要参考书

1．教材

《综合英语教程》第1-4册，何兆熊，上海外语教育出版社，2004年9月第一版2．主要参考书

《现代大学英语—精读》(1-4册)，杨立民主编外语教学与研究出版社，2001年版

《实用英语语法》，张道中，商务印书馆，1987年版

《英汉翻译教程》，张培基，上海外语教育出版，1978.3

5．《英美文化辞典》，胡文仲，外语教学与研究出版社，1995

五、命题原则

按照大专毕业生的英语实际水平，既考查学生对所学知识掌握的情况，又要考查学生综合运用知识的能力，题型多样，覆盖面广，代表性要强，考点分布合理，难易度适中，主客观题相结合。