第一篇：[正文]中学生英语书面表达错误类型和对策

中学生英语书面表达错误类型和对策

作 者：刘 涛 姚鹏飞 杨海涛

指导教师：曹路漫

摘要：论文通过对语言迁移概念，对比分析理论和错误分析理论的梳理、分析，以错误分析理论为指导，对河南省南阳市第二十二初级中学的英语书面表达进行错误统计、分类、分析。旨在寻求一些有效的应对策略来提高中学生的英语写作能力。

关键词：中学生；错误分析；纠正对策；英语写作错误

一、引言

对于中学生而言，英语书面表达是考察学生的综合能力，是全方位地检验学生英语水平的一种方式。本文以初中学生的书面表达中出现的错误为研究对象，以错误分析理论为指导，通过分析书面表达中的典型错误，寻找更为有效的教学方法和应对策略，以期对今后英语写作的教学有所启示。

中学英语书面表达不同于大学英语写作，它要求学生在30分钟内写出120字左右的短文，在内容和范围都已经限定好的情况下，用足够的信息表达出作文的内容，是一种控制思维模式的英语写作。本文通过文献法、比较法、和调查法调查学生在表达中所犯的错误，根据不用的维度，对错误进行评析，把学生的错误进行详细的分类，在此基础上对学生的错误进行量化的分析对比，结果发现母语迁移是影响学生写作水平的主要因素之一。

二、对中学生英语书面表达错误的调查与分析 1.调查对象：南阳市第二十二初级中学100名学生。

2.调查方法：（1）在该初中抽取100名学生的某次期末考试的英语书面表达进行错误统计与分析。（2）对这100名学生进行问卷调查。

3.调查结果与分析

在抽取的100份试卷中，我们对每篇书面表达中的句子错误进行归类，对其中的错误进行分析，发现100篇作文中共有1036个错误，其中由于母语负迁移而造成的错误占了很大一部分（72.32%）。可见不能忽视母语干扰对学习者的影响。

三、分析讨论

1.语言迁移是由于目的语和母语之间的相同与不同而出现的,在英语习得过

程中一直存在：一种是正向迁移，一种是负迁移。正迁移是由于母语与目的语之间的语言形式相同，而使学习更简单，容易迁移。负迁移，或母语干扰，是由于母语的语言形式或规则错误的运用到目的语的迁移。在调查中发现，这种错误常在学生书面表达中出现，尤其是处于英语学习的初级阶段的A组学生

2.语言吸入的不足阻碍了学习者对外语的掌握程度。在语言学习过程中，足够的语言输入是学好语言的首要条件。只有当学习者具有较强的学习动机，运用恰当的学习策略时，他们才能把外界的“输入”转化为内在的“吸收”。再有丰富的语言输入的保障下，他们才能内化外界的输入信息，有效的进行语言输出。

3.调查中发现中学生初学一个英语语法时，他们能很清晰的记忆它们，正确的运用他们。学习者对头脑中语言知识结构的重新建构是必要的。学生在头脑中信息建构语法知识系统的过程就是学习者英语水平提高的过程。

4.对待错误的有效态度可以有效帮助学习者提高其外语学习效率。从问卷调查中我们不难发现，大部分调查对象对错误是有恐惧心理的。事实上，正是通过犯错、改错的循环，学习者才能不断调整自己的英语学习方法及学习策略。老师应该帮助与学习者对错误树立正确的态度。同时，有责任提高他们自己对错误的感知和改正的能力。只有学习者自身改错能力提高的前提下，其外语能力才能真正提高。而很多中学生没有意识到自己改错的重要性。相反，他们依靠教师来改正错误，这则是影响他们英语水平提高的最大障碍。

四、对中学英语写作教学的启示与对策

中学生和中学教师应正视语言迁移在学习中的作用，培养学生的语感，培养中学生对中西思维及文化差异的敏感性，加强语法和词汇教学，读写相结合，实行梯度纠错法，活用教材，提高中学生书面表达能力。

通过对中学生英语书面表达的错误类型的研究，我们不仅发现了学生的学习特点，还发现了在不同阶段学生学习的一些薄弱环节，语言错误的主要类型及其原因。英语写作是一个创作性构建语言的过程，出现错误并不等于失败，反而说明学生正在积极地对所学的知识进行假设和检验，学生不要怕犯错误而逃避写作，就如儿童习得母语一样要给他时间、机会去积累、变化发展。教师应以鼓励为主，培养学生的兴趣，引导学生使用英语思维并及时发现学生的错误并予以纠正。同时，教师还要在教学中积极探索创新，努力提高自身素养，将学生在书面表达中的错误降到最低。参 考 文 献

第二篇：英语书面表达

寒假作业Chinese Young People’s Life Goals Today

A recent survey shows that in today’s society, Chinese young people’s life goals have become more persified than before.When young people are asked what they will struggle for, more than half of the respondents choose to earn enough money to buy a house and a car for themselves.In addition to this practical goal, some people, about 44%, pick up their life goal as improving their life quality or to be rich while 23.9% of the respondents are simply satisfied to have a good job.As for how to achieve their life goals, most of them prefer struggling to realize their dreams.The survey shows that the society is making progress and people’s life goals have become more practical.A recent investigation shows that nowadays the young in China have more persified goals than ever before.More than half of the respondents aim at making more money to buy themselves a car and a house.44% of them want to improve their living standard while 43.3% of them hope to become rich.Besides, about a quarter of them wish to get a good job in the future.To achieve their goals, 71.9% of these young people said that they would struggle to overcome difficulties on their ways to success.Keeping optimistic

We can know from the passage if we are optimistic we can conquer different kinds of difficulties in life when we meet them, and we will succeed in the end.In my study, I will get discourage when I fail in an exam.I think I’m hopeless and can’t go to my ideal university.Whenever I am in bad mood, my teachers, especially my homeroom teacher, encourages me to be optimistic by saying the proverb “Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.” They also tell me to study harder and give me good advice on my study.I’m grateful to them and agree with them.From now on, I’ll no longer feel frustrated when I fail in an exam.On the contrary, I will still keep optimistic and study harder because I know failure is the mother of success.As long as I don’t loose heart and work hard, I’m sure I’ll succeed in the end.第三周：基础写作：

上周六下午，你们宿舍几个同学去森林公园野炊，回来途中淋了雨。晚上李华头疼得厉害。你给她量体温，发现她发高烧。你马上带她去看医生。医生说她得了重感冒，要卧床休息三天。请你代她给刘老师写一张请假条说明情况，并帮她请假两天（周一、周二），因此她不能参加周二的羽毛球比赛了。

Last Saturday afternoon, I went to Forest Park for a picnic with my roommates.Unfortunately we were caught in the rain on our way home and Li Hua got a dreadful headache.I took her temperature, finding that she was having a fever.So I took her to see the doctor right now and she was advised to be in bed for 3 days.Now I’d like to ask for two days’ sick leave for her, including Monday and Tuesday, and therefore she cannot take part in the badminton game on Tuesday

任务型写作

总结：The writer tried to tell us the importance of setting goals through a beaver’s story.After it built a house for the winter, it set another goal for the spring—to chew down a big tree and succeeded by working hard.你认为制订目标很重要吗？The quest for success always begins with a target.Goal setting is the focus of will to move in a certain direction.Without goals, one will never know what he’s doing, neither will he try his best to do it.你认为制订目标后怎样才能成功？There goes the saying, “Hard work leads to success.” If we want to achieveour goals, we must work hard.Also, we should stick to our goals and never give up when we are faced with setbacks.举例:Last year I took part in an English speech contest.At the beginning I made up my mind to perform best though my English was not good enough.I tried every means and even stood in front of the mirror to practise again and again.Finally I succeeded and become one of the 10 students in the final competition.第四周：基础写作

社会实践是学校教育的一个重要组成部分；书本知识有限；社会实践有诸多好处，能用所学的知识解决实际问题，获取经验，了解社会，端正学习态度，激励学习。

Most of the students think that social practice is not important.In fact social practice is an important part of school education.After all the knowledge we obtain from books is limited.Participation in social practice does a lot of good to us.For example, We can apply what we’ve learned to practical problems, from which we can get more

experience and have more knowledge about our society.Thus we will take correct attitude towards our studies and work harder.任务型写作

总结：From this passage,we know sometimes difficult conditions can really make a man strong, so parents should let their children eat bitter foods, do hard work and experience a hard life.描述你的童年生活 I grew up in an ordinary family, which is notso well off.I could understand the hardshipsmy parents were bearing at that time.Therefore, I work very hard now in the hopeof entering the university and changing thesituation of my family and me.你对童年生活的认识 我认为从某种意义上来说，艰苦的环境可以激发一个人的潜能，为他的成功铺平道路。I think that in a certain sense, difficult situations can stimulate a person’s potential and pave the way for him to succeed.一个人在经历了磨难之后可以变得坚强，勇敢和忠实可靠。One can be strong, brave and faithful after all the hardships he has gone through.总而言之，我认为温室里的花朵经受不起风暴的洗礼，艰苦的生活对孩子来说是有好处的。All in all, I think that flowers from a greenhouse can never withstand a storm and that a hard life is good for children.第四周周六下午

热爱社会工作，性格乐观，富有爱心和责任心；英语口语流利，具有相关的教学经验；工作时间：周六和周日，按每小时5元付费；这份工作给自己在经济和人际关系方面的好处；:表达自己做好工作的决心：把快乐和舒适带给自己工作的对象。

Dear Sir or Madam

I cannot wait to join in the social workers team in our neighborhood.Being optimistic, caring and responsible, I develop a passion for social work.Besides, I am so fluent in spoken English that I was once invited to teach a group of young kids English last summer.What’s more, I have no class on both Saturday and Sundays.If I’m lucky to get the position, It not only provides me a regular source of income by paying me 5 yuan by the hour but also does a lot to improve my skills in interpersonal relationships.It is certain that I will do what I can to bring joy and comfort to whomever I work for.I’m looking forward to your reply very soon.Sincerely yours

Ling ming

就学校取消高三音乐课这一事件给校长写一封信

Dear principal ,I am writing in answer to the decision the school made several days ago.It reminds me of the British school where music plays a big part.In Britain,pupils can study an instrument like the piano or violin or the guitar.They also play music together as a class and have fun, even take part in concerts and organize bands.同学们对学校取消音乐课意见不一Therefore, no sooner had the school announced not to offer music lessons to Senior Two and Three students than we held a heated discussion about its advantages and disadvantages.So far, there has been no consensus on it.你对此决定赞成或反对？Personally, I am among those who argue against the decision largely because music lesson provide us with an opportunity to relieve our heavy academic pressure and promote the mutual understanding between students.（理由)以你自己或他人的感受来说明开设音乐课的利或弊。Actually, nothing please me than music lessons, for I am completely relaxed, not caring about study for a while.Also, I am ready to bear my heart to my classmates and feel close to each other.It is the charm of music that brings all of us a realization that there is still joy in our dull life.So it is better to continue music lessons

汕头一模

1.为何与人合作：现代社会必备；可省时间和精力；更多互相学习的机会

2.与谁合作：A与喜欢的人合作：心情愉快，同甘共苦B与不喜欢的人合作：学会容忍，学会挖

掘其优点

3.你的看法：倾听别人意见，不把你的观点强加给别人，有礼貌地指出别人的错误

Good afternoon,everyone!the topic of my speech today is “being a good parner.”In this busy ,modern world ,if we want to complete our work more efficiently ,we must all learn to cooperate with others ,because not only can cooperation save us a lot of time and energy ,but also we can learn much each other.We`ll be lucky enough to find someone we like to cooperate with due to the fact that we can share our joy and sadness with him.however ,it can be difficult to cooperate with someone we dislike.In this case ,we`ll have to put up with some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages.In my opinion ,to be a good partner ,we should try to listen to others`opinions ,never force our ideas on others and if he makes mistakes ,try to point out in a polite way.Thank you for your listening!

失败是件坏事吗？

概括短文要点Failure is a commom thing in life.But there are different attitudes towards failure.Whoever draws a lesson from every failure becomes experienced and succeeds.失败并非坏事，但从失败中站起来并非易事So failure has a different effect on anyone who has a different attitude.As for me ,I like success.Meanwhile I don`t mind failure because it isn`t a bad matter ,and we cen stand up in the failure ,which isn`t indeed an easy matter.失败对胜利者是必修课，重要的基本功As is known ,the defeat to a victor is actually an important basic skill and the required course.你对失败的看法和态度(1)In my opinion ,we should take a positive attitude towards failure.As a matter of fact ,I think failure can stimulate our potential and from it we can learn a lot ,with which we can achieve success.Just as the saying goes ,”Failure is the mother of success.”

(2)In my opinion ,we should take an active attitude towards failure ,because most of us experience the failure thongh few of us are so lucky as to succeed.Failure tells us such things as why we failed and what should we do to correct the mistakes.Failure also tells us how to approach our goals and ensures us failure is the mother of success.广州一模

基础写作简介学校的植物园

1.概况：位于校园西南角，面积1000平方米 2.历史：20年的历史，202_年重建 3.特色：各种花卉、树木、药用植物 4.功能：美化校园、研究植物场所、休闲之地 5.其他：观赏至少许一小时

Located at the south-west corner of our school, the botanical garden is spread over an area of approximately 1000 square meters.The garden is over 20 years old and was rebuilt in 202_.as you walk through the garden, you can see various kinds of beautiful flowers, trees and herbs.If you’re planning to explore the garden, set aside at least one hour.The garden makes our schoool more beautiful and it’s a fantastic place for students to study and learn more about plants or simply to relax for a while.读写任务就学生违纪的处理方式写一篇简评

(1)Should Schools Suspend Troublesone Students?

概括要点：校长的做法、想法、结果I recentl I recently read a news story about a school in Egland whose headmaster often suspends misbehaving students.The headmster believes that strong discipline improves hoth students’ behaviour and academic performance.His school’s exam results have greatly improved during his time in charge.你是否支持该校长的做法，理由While I congratulate the headmaster on his success I do not agree with the methods he uses to achieve it.Suspending students should be the final type of punishment used for misbehaving students, not the first.Quickly removing such students from the school may be of some benefit to the remaining students but it doesn’t solve the problem of poor behaviour.It only shifts the problem from the school to the community.If these naughty students are not in school then they will only be making trouble out of school.Moreover, as the parents of many of these students are working, the students are unsupervised and thus are in danger of falling in with local criminals who will only encourage such bad behaviour and even teach them worse things.假设你是校长，你会如何处理违纪学生？If I was in charge of his school I would place the naughty students in a class of their own, this way the other students could study in peace but the naughty studetns could remain under the supervision of the school and its teachers.The teachers in the naughty class would also have more time to focus on correcting the actions of these misbehaving students.（2）Should Schools Suspend Troublesone Students?

I recently read a news story about a school in Egland whose headmaster often suspends misbehaving students.The headmster believes that strong discipline improves hoth students’ behaviour and academic performance.His school’s exam results have greatly improved during his time in charge.I believe the headmaster is correct to take this action.If a few students are always behaving poorly in class then it will negatively affect other students’ learning.As a result, many innocent studetns will suffer and they will fail to achieve their full potential.If the naughty students are removed from the class then the others can learn in peace.Hopefully the misbehaving students will learn their lessons and when they return their behaviour will be better.If I was in charge of a school I would also be very strict with students who don’t behave well.I would first warn and then suspend students who interrupt the learning of others or disrespect their teachers.But I would also visit the poor student’s home and discuss the problem with his paents so we could find a solution.梅州一模写一篇短文介绍大豆的生长过程

1.发芽的条件：水分充足，温度适宜，种子就开始发芽了 2.第一步：出现幼根，并朝下生长 3.第二步：幼苗出现，并朝上生长，直至变成绿色 4.第三步：主根、旁根、枝叶出现 5.第四步：数月后开花结果

Where there is enough water and the temperature is right, the bean seed begins to grow.In the first stage , a small root comes out and begins to grow downwards.Then a small shoot begins to grow upswards, getting longer and longer until it turns green.At the same time the root continues to grow downward, becoming the main root together with side roots developing around it while the shoot develops leaves all around.It takes only a few months before the plant flowers and bears fruit.经济危机，大学生就业难

概括材料主要内容This passage mainly tells us…;The story is mainly about…

Increasing unemployment would the biggest challenge for China this year with great numbers of rural and urban workers laid off.The government has launched a stimulus package of 4 trillion yuan to stimulate the country’s economy.现状：经济危机影响全球，就业机会少，工人工资低As it is known to all, nearly all countries in the world have been hit by the global economic crisis, leaving few job chances and lower wages and salaries for ordinary people.建议：树立正确的择业观，降低预期工资，先就业再择业，自己创业，开公司，展示自己的才华Under this circumstance, university graduates should have a proper attitude towards their future jobs.It is my suggestion that they should lower their expectation of their future wages or salaries.It’s a good idea for them to take up a job before considering which job to take.To make good advantage of tehir knowledge, they may set up their own business so as to show off their own talent.政府提供各种优惠政策，免除各种税费，提供一定数量的无息贷款In order to help those new graduates, the government has offered many favorable policies such as freeing all kinds of taxes.Supplying certain amount of loans without interest.I’m sure they will succeed and can have a bright future with the help of the government.

第三篇：英语书面表达

202_年济宁市中考英语书面表达

假设你是李华，已报名参加暑期英语夏令营，根据夏令营之活动安排，你需要准备一份关于英语夏令营英语阅读方面的发言稿，具体要求如下：

1.对英语阅读重要性的认识；

2.个人开展英语阅读的情况（1-2点具体做法）及感悟；

3.将来的打算。

参考词汇：play an important part;in the past;borrow books;at the beginning;something easy and interesting, in the future, form a good habit of;read everyday;be helpful for.要求：1.词数，100词左右；（开头已给出，不计入总词数；）

2.可根据具体要求及参考词汇适当发挥；

3.文中不得出现真实姓名。

Good morning, everybody,I’m pleased to be here to talk about my English reading.As we know, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thanks for your listening.

第四篇：英语书面表达

Dear Andy,I‘m so glad that you‘ll be here with me and my family for the summer holiday.I‘m writing to express our warm welcome and introduce the activities during your stay here.In the morning ,some activities at school will be arranged.You‘ll visit our classrooms, reading rooms, labs, and so on.We‘ll take this opportunity to exchange our views, talking about school life, and so on.In the afternoon, you can tour around the city.And I‘ll act as your tour guide.Our city has changed a lot and takes on a new look.You can see what is our city like with your own eyes.At night , we can watch TV, play games and talk about what we‘re interested in.I‘m sure you‘ll enjoy yourself.I‘m looking forward to your coming.Yours sincerely, Li hua [名师点评]

本文行文自然流畅，文章要点齐全，意思表达真切。详略得当，重点突出。从语言使用的角度来说，不但使用了一些生动的动词，准确的名词，同时为了使本文串联自然，又使用了时间状语为连接词，将文章按照时间顺序叙述完整。

第五篇：英语书面表达十大常见错误解析

在长期的英语教学过程中，我分析了学生写作时常犯的错误，主要表现在以下几个方面：

（1）时态错误：文章中忽视了动作发生的时间。

（2）人称代词错误：单复数、形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词错误。

（3）名词单复数、动词单复数、主谓语不一致。

（4）用词错误：对同义词的区别、使用场合、习惯用法不熟悉，或者忘记了单词。

（5）内容不连贯：不会用关联词，语序混乱。没有统筹安排，写到哪里，就停在哪里。

（6）不会使用某些英语应用文格式。

（7）大小写、标点符号错误，缺少冠词。

（8）书写混乱，卷面潦草。

根据以上分析，若要提高学生书面表达能力，就需要进行大量训练和指导，就写作步骤来说，要指导学生遵循以下几点：

（1）认真审题，确定体裁。要求学生仔细审题，明确体裁，领会出题者用意。

（2）构思要点。根据题目要求，理解要表达的要点，设计好文章的层次段落，考虑所用时态、人称等，把要点串联起来，构成文章框架。

（3）选词造句，避难选易。在要点、层次明确的情况下，选用自己最熟悉的单词、句式进行造句，如果不会用复杂句就用简单句表达要点，注意主谓语一致、人称、数量、大小写、标点。

（4）认真检查，避免错误。仔细阅读全文，查找是否有错，注意时态、单词拼写、字母大小写、标点是否有误，句式是否正确，逻辑是否一致。

面表达是中学生学习英语应掌握的一项基本技能，它要求学生有扎实的语言基本功，具备一定的审题能力、想象能力、表达能力和评价能力等。《英语课程标准》也对学生的写作提出了一定的要求，然而从近几年的考试情况来看，学生书面表达错误较多，与《英语课程标准》前言中“发展学生综合语言运用能力”的要求还有一定的差距。具体说来，学生书面表达中主要存在以下错误：

1．时态误用

主要表现在两方面：1）学生写作之前没有判断整篇文章主要用哪种时态，常出现该用一般现在时的句子，用了一般过去时；而该用将来时的句子，用了完成时。2）时态构成表达错误。由于学生对各种时态掌握不好，常常将所学的各种时态混淆，以致出现如下的错误如，I„m go to school by bike.He told some children that there are some places of interest in Beijing.2.汉语式英语

由于受汉语的影响，再加上对英语句子结构掌握不好，导致学常常按汉语的词序来翻译句子，在学生的作文中常常见到这样的句子： You can be bus.In china have different places of interest.In autumn is best season for traveling.3.逻辑错误

在做书面表达的过程中，有的学生一拿到考题慌慌张张开始写，在写作之前没有构思好先写什么后写什么，哪些内容应该详写，哪些内容应该略写，而是一边写一边构思，从而导致整个文章逻辑不清，层次感不强，整篇文章不知所云。

4．单词拼写错误

由于部分学生平时不注意记忆单词，基础知识掌握不牢固，所以在文章中常出现单词拼写错误如，September 写为 septber because 写为 beacause

5.缺少衔接

有些学生虽然在词汇运用书面表达方面能够达到基本要求，但由于句子之间没有添加适当的衔接成分，使句子之间和文段之间缺乏必要的过渡和连贯，影响了信息的传递和表达效果。

6．文体不对

中学阶段要求学生掌握的文体主要有说明文、记叙文、议论文和应用文，其中应用文又包括通知、请假条、书信和电子邮件等，由于一些学忽视了各种体裁的写作特点，从而导致文章体裁格式不正确如：将写信的日期写在信末；写请假条不写署名等。

英语书面表达十大常见错误解析

俗话说“千里之行始于足下”。英语书面表达能力的形成不是一日之功，必须从平时的课堂学习一点一滴抓起，持之以恒。

一篇优秀的英语作文在内容和语言两方面应是一个统一体，任何一方面的欠缺都会直接影响到作文的质量。然而，很多考生在写作中或者由于粗心大意，或者由于基本功不扎实而经常出现名词不变复数、第三人称单数不加s，前后不一致，以及时态语态、句子完整性等方面的错误。

1.审题不清

如202_年中考作文要求写一项最喜欢的课外活动，有些考生将作文的主题定位为“我最喜欢的活动”，偏离了“一项、课外活动”这一主题。依据作文的评分原则，若文章内容不切题，则不管语言如何规范、用词如何准确，都会被判为零分。

2.拼写错误

拼写是考生应该具备的最起码的基本功，但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。有拼写错误的作文肯定会被酌情扣分，而且有大量拼写错误存在的作文不仅体现出语言基本功差，同时也直接影响内容的表达，通常会降低作文的档次。

3.名词单复数问题

误 my father and my mother is all teacher.正 my father and my mother are both teachers.4.缺少动词

在汉语中没有动词的句子是允许的，但英语中每个完整的句子都必须有

动词来构成，如：“我累了。”这个句子没有动词作谓语，而用形容词，但英语形容词不能作谓语，一定要写成：i'm tired.误 i happy i can come to beijing zoo.正 i am happy i can come to beijing zoo.误 the apples cheap.i'll take some.正 the apples are cheap.i'll take some.5.缺少介词、冠词等

还有一些考生因为没有熟练掌握介词或者冠词的用法，不了解中英文语言习惯的不同，也会出现明显的错误，造成丢分现象。

误 because heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting.正 because of the heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting.6.代词的误用

英语中代词的形式很多，包括主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词等。而汉语中没有主格和宾格、形容词性物主代词和名次性物主代词之分；此外汉语中很多时候不用物主代词，而英语中物主代词是不可省略的，代词的误用是考生最容易发生的错误。

误 i mother and i went to the shop to buy a present for i father.正 my mother and i went to the shop to buy a present for my father.7.句子不完整

有的考生因为对句子结构认识模糊，所以出现只写半句的现象，这也是造成失分的原因之一。

误 many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college.for example, my friend in high school.(这段文章的第二句话没有动词，他不能独立构成一个句子。这是一个非常常见的错误，修改的方法是将两个句子连接起来。)

正 many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college, for example, my friend in high school.8.前后不一致

所谓不一致，包括数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致、主谓不一致等.例1.when one have knowledge, he can do what he want to do.(人一旦有了知识，他就能想干什么就干什么.)

剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has;同理，want应改为wants。本句是典型的主谓不一致.改为 when one has knowledge , he can do what he wants(to do)

9.时态、人称和数的搭配错误

汉语动词无时态、人称和数的变化，而对英语来说，这些都至关重要。例：

误 when i get to the station the train leave.正 when i got to the station the train had left.10.综合性错误

综合性错误是指单词的大小写和标点符号的错误等，以及形容词和副词的混淆、连词的误用等等。这些都是靠考生平时知识的积累，所以考生应该从平时练习出发，每天坚持写英语日记，多读适合自己英语水平的原版著作，提高自己的英语素养。