第一篇：状语从句

Clauses of Condition, Concession and Contrast(条件、让步和对比从句)条件从句

由 if, unless, as(so)long as, provided / providing(that), suppose / supposing(that), in case等引导，如：

If he comes I'll tell you.You would have succeeded if you had tried harder.You will fail unless you work hard.(=You will fail if you don't work hard.)

Supposing / Suppose it rains, shall we have the match as scheduled?

In case you need anything else, please let me know.让步从句

由 although, though, even though, even if, whether...or, while, as, wh-words + ever(= no matter + wh-words)等从属连词引导，如：

He is quite modest though he is the best student in the class.The needle has the same mass whether it is hot or cold.Whichever(No matter which)plan you adopt, you will meet with difficulties.使用上述让步从句的某些从属连词时注意以下几点：

a.although(though)不可与连词 but 连用；

b.as 引导的从句意义和 though 相似，但表示的语气较强，并须将强调的词放在句首（但不用 although），如：

Simple as(though)the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature.c.however / no matter how 引导的从句中，however / no matter how 后须紧跟形容词或副词，如：

However / No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't remember all the questions.对比从句

表示两个人或两件事之间的对比，常用 while 或 whereas 引导，如：

He is idle, while his brother is diligent.Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.Clauses of Cause, Result and Purpose(原因、结果和目的从句)原因从句

主要由下列从属连词引导：

1． Because, as, since。其中 because 语气最强，表示直接、主要原因，通常引导的从句放在句尾，特别是回答 why 提出的问题只能用 because;as 和 since 表示明显的、已知的原因，since 比 as 正式，如：

They had to move because their building was to be pulled down.As Mary was the eldest, she looked after the others.Since they live near the sea, they often go sailing.2． now that, seeing(that), considering(that), in that。这些连词与 as, since 意思相近，通常用于书面语，并且它们兼有其它意义。now that 有“时间”含义，表示”既然”，说明一种新

情况；seeing(that)和 considering(that)有“条件”含义；in that 有”某一方面”含义，如：

Now that you are well again you can travel.Seeing(that)they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.I was lucky in that I was able to find a good baby-sitter（保姆）.结果从句

常用 so that, so...that, such...that, that 等连词引导，如：

I was caught in a shower, so that all my clothes got wet.I was so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes open.He was such a good runner that I couldn't catch him.目的从句

常用 so that, in order(that), lest, for fear that 等连词引导，如：

I took a taxi so that I could be in time for the meeting.Come closer in order that you may see the blackboard better.so that 既可引导结果从句也可引导目的从句，但结果从句表示事实，通常不含情态动词；目的从句表示希望或想要实现的事实，通常含有情态动词，如：

He got up early so that he caught the train.（结果）

He got up early so that he could(might)catch the train.（目的）

Lest 和 for fear(that)含有否定意义，并且从句中动词须用 “动词原形”或 ”should + V.” 的虚拟语气，如：

He ran away lest he(should)be caught.(= He ran away in order that he would not be caught.)

I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.(= I checked all the results time and again so that there wouldn't be any mistakes.)

Clauses of Manner and Comparison(方式和比较从句)方式从句

主要由 just as, as, as if, as though 等连词引导，如：

He doesn't speak the way as other people do.Our bodies are made up of millions of very small cells, just as a building is made of many stones or bricks.He speaks French as if(as though)he were a Frenchman.由 as if 或 as though 引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，但如果主句谓语是感官动词，并且所述情况实现可能性大，也可用陈述语气，如：

It looks as if the coming autumn harvest will be even better than the last one.比较从句

主要由 as...as, not so(as)...as, than 等连词引导，如：

This table is as wide as that one.Mary can not run so(as)fast as Tom.Silver conducts electricity better than other metals.Clauses of Proportion and Other Types(比例从句和其它从句)比例从句

由关联词 the...the...连接形容词或副词比较级构成，如：

The more she thought about it, the more she liked it.其它从句

如 as...so 和 what...that 引导的类比从句；so(as)far as 引导的范围从句；except that 引导的例外从句；rather / sooner than 和 would / had rather than 引导的择比从句等，如：

As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.（沙漠似海，骆驼似舟。）

What blood vessel is to a man's body, that railway is to transportation.（铁路对于运输，好比血管对于人的身体。）

As(So)far as I know, he is an honest man.（据我所知，他是一个诚实的人。）

I would do it with pleasure, except that I am too busy.（要不是我太忙了，我会很高兴去做的。）

Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.（他宁可沿街乞讨，也不愿意用欺骗手段骗取钱。）

He would rather have the small one than the large one.（他宁可要那个小的，而不愿要那个大的。）

第二篇：状语从句教案

状语从句

定义：在复合句中作状语的从句

（2）as “一边一边”“随着”引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生 I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday.He sang as he walked.（3）While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在…期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比.He is tall while his brother is short 注意：如果同时出现，用when 位置：状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。

分类：按意义可分为时间、条件、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步.方式、比较等状语从句。一 时间状语从句(主将从现)before用法（1）在…之前(2)“就”、“才”

1.基本类：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once, as soon as

it is/will be +一段时间+before+句子“还要多久才，多久之后才/就”

2.名词类（由名词词组充当引导词）：the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant, till和until用法

(一…就…);every time, each time, the last time, the first time, by the time，（1）都可以用于肯定句，译为“直到。才”

3.副词类（由副词充当引导词）：immediately, directly, instantly,(一...就...)soon after, shortly after

4.句型类no sooner…than…, hardly… when…, scarcely…when/before.(一…就…)

用法:（1）中间用过去完成时，后面用一般过去式。

（2.）no sooner/hardly/scarcely放在句首时,过去完成时句子部分倒装，后面不倒装。No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.（必背）

1、连接词when、while、as ⑴when①“正当…时候”，即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。

可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如： When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同时）When the lesson was over, we began our writing.（从句动作在前）When 的四个短语 be about to do sth when … 正要做。。这时

be doing sth when …正在做。。这时

be on the point of doing sth when …正要做。。这时

just …when …正。。这时

(2)否定句不用till，用until，短语“not …until..”直到。才。（3）放在句首表示强调时一般用until不用till

eg Until he returns,nothing can be done

（4）倒装句：not until 放句首，后面第二个句子部分倒装。

（5）强调句：结构 it is not until +被强调部分+that + 其他since 用法

since结构 现在完成时+since+过去时 since强调句 it is +一段时间+since +过去时

二 条件状语从句（主将从现）

引导词: if（如果）, unless=if…not（除非,如果不）, as long as =so long as（只要), in case(that)(以防,万一), on condition that(只要，条件是), if only(要是...多好), only if(只要), supposing/ suppose(假设，如果)provided that /providing(如果)，assuming that（假设）seeing that（考虑到，鉴于）,considering that（考虑到）, given that（假设）

三 地点状语从句

常用引导词：where，wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.eg It is such an interesting book that she has read it twice.注意：1不可数名词一定与such连用 2可数名词复数一定与such连用 3 little译为“少的”与so 连用，译为“小的”通常与such 连用。

七 让步状语从句（主将从现）

引导词：though, although, as(尽管，虽然), even if, even though（即使）, while（然

四 原因状语从句

而，尽管，一般用在句首）wh-ever, no matter wh-, whether…or…(不管。还是。。)常用引导词：because（因为）, since（既然）, as（由于）, now that（既然），注意：1.although,though.不与but连用，可与still，yet连用

in that（因为）,.2.as/though引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。

because, since，as的区别：

结构：n.(无冠词)/adj./adv./v +as/though +主语＋谓语(时态)

eg：Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages.五 目的状语从句

Child as he was, he had to support the family.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）

引导词：so that（以便于）, in order that（以便于，为了），lest（以防）, in case3、no matter wh-…只用于让步状语从句，wh+ever用于让步状语从句和名词性从句,同（以防，万一）, for fear that（以防，担心，害怕），in the hope that（希望能）, for the

时出现用wh+ever

purpose that（为了）, to the end that（为了）

八 比较状语从句

六 结果状语从句

常用引导词：as(同级比较):as…as..(和…一样)not as/so as(不如…)

引导连词有so that（以便于）, so….that, such….that…(如此。。以至于…)

than(不同程度的比较)1.so…that… 与such…that… 的区别 so +adj./adv.+that so +adj.+a/an +可数名词单数+ that so +many/much/few/little+名词+that eg ：It is so interesting a book that she has read it twice such +a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that such +adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that such +a lot of/lots of +可数名词复数/不可数名词+that

特殊引导词：the 比较级。。，the +比较级…;（越…,越…）

越来越…（比较级and 比较级，more and more +多音节adj/adv）

just as …(正如)，A is to B what /as C is to D（A对于B就像C对于D）;

no … more than（不如。。）

九 方式状语从句

引导词: as(象….一样,正如),as if/as though(好像,似乎)

how/however +adj/adv +主语+谓语（体现时态），the way（像。。的方式）

第三篇：状语从句45

中考总复习编号45出题人王亚春 1.引导词：when, as, while ：当。。时候 课标词汇复习(976—1000)(not)… till / until 直到…(才…)﹉ 一．词汇拓展 as soon as 一 …就…before在…以前pay ___________(过去式)___________(过去分词)after在。。以后since 自从phone_________(过去式)___________(过去分词)2.中考考点：____________(完全形式)penny ________(复数)1)由 when、after、before、as soon as、till /until 引photo _________(复数)piano_________(复数)导的时间状语从句，遵从主将从现、主祈从现、主情从2.We'll go to visit Tiananmen Square ______ it doesn't

rain tomorrow.A.ifB.as soon as C.whenD.since 3.I didn’t know he came back _____ I met him in the street.A.sinceB.whenC.untilD.after

4.Susan will not arrive at the airport on time ___ she hurries up.A.onceB.ifC.whenD.unless 5.Tom likes reading a newspaper ___he is having breakfast.二．翻译短语 1.为某物花费了。。钱________________2.付账_________________3.打电话_________________ 4.手机 ________________5.结婚___________________ 6.照相_________________7.禁止照相______________ 8.拾起_________________9.野餐 __________________ 三．词汇运用 1.The doctors are very p_________ with those __________

(病人).2.Every teacher has had a p__________ computer already.3.How many _____________(人)are there in your family? 4.You needn’t _____________(支付)the books.Your mumdid it just now.5.The boys enjoy chatting with each other by ___________

__________(打电话).6.There are so many _________(梨)on thetree。7.The shop sells all kinds of ___________________（手机）.8.You’d better not _________________(照相)in the dark.9.This is one of the best __________(钢琴)in the store.10.Look!The boys and girls __________________(野餐).11.That is ________________________（一张我的家庭照）。12.I think physics _______ more difficult than maths.A.isB.areC.haveD.has

13.Kate found some waste paper on the floor.She ______

it ______ and threw it into the dustbin.A.put , upB.picked , upC.turned ,up D.looked , up14.---What sign is often found in museums ?---

“ _______”.A.MENUB.THIS SIDE UP

C.PAUSED.NO PHOTOS 语法综合复习：状语从句（一个句子在句中作状语）★分类：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式状语从句。一．时间状语从句 现的原则。★ I will go and visit you when I have time next week.★ Please wait for me until I come back.★ Tom can ring you up as soon as he reaches Canada.2)由 when、after、before、as soon as、not…till /unti引导的时间状语从句，遵从主过从过的原则。★Mozart started writing music when he was four.★Her mother didn’t go to bed until she gothome.3)以when 引导的时间状语从句，主句为过去进行时，从

句为一般过去时以while引导的时间状语从句，通常用进行时 ★The students were singing when the teacher came in.★Tim was cooking while his mother was cooking.★Never trouble me while I’m sleeping.4)通过翻译when 的词义，来辨别是宾从还是状从，并选用不同的时态.when : 当。。的时候 引导时间状语从句 →主将从现什么时候 引导宾语从句，根据时间状语判断时态 ★I don’t know when LiPing will come.When he comes ,I’ll call you二．条件状语从句

1.引导词：if如果unless 如果不。。，除非 2.中考考点： 1)由 if 和unless 引导的条件状语从句，遵从主将从现 ★If you don’t go to the meeting tomorrow, I won’t either.★He won’t catch the early bus unless he hurries up.2)根据if 的词义,来辨别是宾从还是状从,并选用正确的时态.if :如果 引导条件状语从句 →主将从现是否 引导宾语从句，根据时间状语判断时态 I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.If it rains , we’ll stay at home.Some exercises :(走进中考)

1.John fell asleep ______he was listening to the music.A.afterB.beforeC.whileD.as soon as A.untilB.whileC.becauseD.though 6.—When will he leave for Shanghai? —As soon as he _____ his work.A.finishedB.will finishC.is finishingD.finishes 7.I don’t know if he _______.If he _______, please let me know.A.comes, comesB.will come, will come

C.will come, comesD.comes, will come

8.I arrived at the airport_____the plane had take off.A.beforeB.afterC.whileD.when

9.He said he wanted to be a doctor when he ______.A.grow upB.will grow upC.grew up D.would grow up 10.It is ten years _______we came to Xinglong.A.ifB.as soon asC.whenD.since

11.She was drawing on the computer ___ Kate came in.上 12.None of us knew what happened _____we heard the news on the radio.A.afterB.untilC.whenD.since 13.The sports meeting will continue ____ the rain stops today.A.afterB.as soon asC.untilD.since 14.They _____ here since the factory opened.A.had worked B.have workekC.worked D.has worked 15.I ______ her the answer ifshe_____ me.A.can tell ,will askB.will tell , will askC.would tell , askD.will tell ,asks 达标测评

1.Could you please tell me your e-mail address____you go?A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.as soon as 2.----I wonder if your wife will go to the party.----If your wife _____ , so ______.A.does, does sheB.will, will mineC.does, will mineD.will, will I3.I tried to call you _______I heard from him,but you were not in.A.since B.while C.untilD.as soon as4.It’s foolish to take a taxi _____ you can easily walk to the station.A.sinceB.whenC.ifD.as soon as

5.he , if , Tom , has , will , time , the , party , to , go（连句）

第四篇：状语及状语从句解析

状语(adverbial)是句子的重要修饰成分。状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分，它附加在谓语中心语的前面，从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。在英语中，状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分。

状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。

状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。1.副词一般在句子中做状语．

He speaks English very well.他英语说得非常好.中的very是程度副词，用来修饰well。very well是修饰speak的程度状语。

2.不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。I come specially to see you.我专门来看你.3.介词短语

Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.十年前,她开始住在大连。

The boy was praised for his bravery.4.从句作状语

When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.5.分词作状语

Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。

Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.状语简介

概述

状语与定语相同的地方是,都是前者附加成分;不同的地方是,它是谓语里的附加成分,而定语是主语或宾语里的附加成分.从句子的层次上看,状语是在第二个层次和第三个层次里的成分,有时甚至是更低层次的成分.状语的构成

状语的构成经常充当状语的有形容词,副词,时间处所名词,能愿动词,指示代词,以及方位短语,介词短语,动宾短语,谓词性联合短语,谓词性偏正短语,谓词性主谓短语等.含有动量词的数量短语以及重叠式的数量短语(不论动量,物量)也可以充当状语.此外,少数名词带上表比况的助词也可以作状语.状语的书面标志——“地”

状语的书面标志是结构助词“地”.状语后面带或者是不带“地”,情况比较复杂.一般讲来,数量短语,主谓短语,动宾短语等作状语时,大都带“地”;而介词短语,方位短语,能愿动词,时间处所名词作状语时不能带“地”,副词,单音节形容词作状语一般也不带“地”.多层状语

如果一个中心语前面有好几个状语(多层状语),那就应当注意它们的语序.多层状语的状语个数一般比多层定语的定语个数要少些,其语序也比多层定语的语序要灵活一些.多层状语的一般语序: a.表时间的名词或方位短语,介词短语;b.副词.c.表处所的介词短语或名词,方位短语;d.表情态的形容词或谓词短语;e.表对象的介词短语.其中副词的位置较为灵活,也可放置在第三项之后.一般状语和句首状语

状语在句子中有两种位置:一种是在主语之后,谓语中心之前,如上文所举各例,这是状语的一般位置;另一种是放在主语的前面的,这是状语的特殊位置,这种状语可称“句首状语”.状语的分类

状语按其修饰的功能不同可分为八大类：

时间状语，地点状语，条件状语，原因状语，目的状语，结果状语，让步状语和比较状语

时间状语从句

要点: 时间状语从句，由以下连词引导： when，while，as，after，before，as soon as，since，till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。

1.when当.....的时候

Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.2.while当.....时

He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.3.as在.....的同时；一边....一边.....He smiled as he stood up.4.after在....之后

He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.5.before 在......之前

Mr.Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.6.as soon as 一.....就（scarcely/hardly...when,no sooner than,the minute/moment,on/upon,directly等等）

We began to work as soon as we got there.I will write to you as soon as I get home.7.since 自......以来到现在

表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。

Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.(还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。)8 till /until 都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。They walked till /until it was dark.Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.9.by the time 到......为止(所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时)By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.By the time I got to school, the class had already began.一.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。例如：

When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。

When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切！

Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。

Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim.我游泳的时候，请你照看一下我的衣服。

You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it.当你的手在空气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。

Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长边谈边笑。a.when, while和as的区别

when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。When she came in, I was eating.(瞬时动词)When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.（延续性的动词）

While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.(was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball.（对比）

b, As表示“一边„„一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。例如：We always sing as we walk.（as表示“一边„„一边”）As we was going out, it began to snow.（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）

c, as when while的辨析

as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下： 表示“一边。。一边“的意思

as 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时 用于发生时间较段时 d when

1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作”之前 “或”之后“发生。

2、when=and then;at that moment(正在那个时候)3.常用于常见搭配中 e while

1、用于时间较长时

2、强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时 有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。

lt was raining hard when(as)I got there.(动作同时发生，when可换为as, 但不能换为while，因为get是点动词.)When I had read the article, he called me.(从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用when)When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.(从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态)He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.(此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达 “正在” “即将”.while, as不能代替

She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.(表转折，对比，when, as都不能代替它)While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.(表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间)Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as(when/ while)father was away.(此时as ,when, while可通用)二.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。

注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如：

It will be four days before they come back.Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.They had not been married four months before they were porced.After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.After we had finished the work, we went home.（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）

三.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。

till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：

I didn't go to bed until（till）my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。

I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。四.由since引导的时间状语从句。

since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：

I have been in Beijing since you left.Where have you been since I last saw you?

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。五 知识扩展

1.It is since从。。以来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词，表示一段时间)It is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。2.It is +before„(。。才)It was a long time before I went to sleep again.It was an hour before(=until)the police arrived.3.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一„„就”。例如：

I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。

As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)„when / before, no sooner„than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如：

He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。

No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。

Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。

He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。

六.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。

注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如： By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。

By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。

七 由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如：

Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me.他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。

You grow younger every time I see you.每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。

八.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久„„就多久”。例如：

You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark.你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回来就行。

I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body!只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。

地点状语从句

一 地点状语从句(adverbial clause of place)地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，要点: 由连词where和复合关系词wherever(=no matter where)引导.例如：

句型1：Where+地点从句，（there）+主句。

【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里„„哪里就„„”；主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。例如：

Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。

They were good persons.Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。

You should have put the book where you found it.你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党，哪里人民得解放。

句型2：Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句，+主句。

【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。例如：

Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。二 知识扩展

1.Where there is a will , there is a way.有志者事竟成。(谚语)1.It will be mixed school where not all the children are disabled.他将是一所混合式学校，那里的儿童并不都是残疾。(在限定性定语从句中对先行词起着限定作用。)2.Wherever you go , I go too.无论你到什么地方，我都去。(wherever=no matter where)无论何处，多用于句首。3.Wherever there is smoke , there is fire.无风不起浪。(谚语)4.While she was wondering where to go , she met a policeman.疑问副词where后跟不定式,构成不定式短语.条件状语从句

要点： 表示状语从句由连词if, unless(=if not)意思为除非引导。(让步)1.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足.2.You will get good grades if you study hard.如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩.3.I won't/ will not go to the party unless he goes there too.我不会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)4.You will be late unless you leave immediately.如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.(=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.)难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.lHe will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.一般将来时，一般现在时

lThey are going to have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week.一般将来时, 一般现在时 原因状语从句

要点: 由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导 目的、结果状语从句

要点： 目的状语从句由连词that, so that, so„that , in order that 引导。结果状语从句由连词(so)that, so„that, such„that, so much/many„that引导。1.so„that 如此„以至于 2.so that 以至于, 以便于

I opened the window so that fresh air might come in.(目的)我把窗户打开以便于使新鲜空气可以进来。3.such„that 如此。。以至

It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。4.in order that=so that:为了

We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.不久我们将会让你知道详情,以便你们能够做出安排。(目的)5.比较：so和 such 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。

so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money.such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people（so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）

so„that与such„that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school 难点

+形容词或副词 +形+a(an)+单数可数名词

so +many 或few+复数可数名词 +that +much或 little+不可数名词

so that ,such„that 都可以in order that两者皆可引导目的地状语从句和结果状语从句，当他们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等次。

so +adj或adv.+ that，such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果,其中so为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有many, few；不可数名词前有much, little修饰时，应采用句型：so many(few, much, little)+n.。such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数的,则必须在名词前加不定冠词a(an).常见的形式是:such a(beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.1。I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.2。there are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any.3。It is such nice weather that I’d like to take a walk.4。Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.(=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.)5。The weather is so nice that I’d like to take a walk.让步状语从句

要点: 表示让步的状语从句由连词 though, although引导.难点：

though, although当虽然讲, 都不能和but连用.Although,(though)„but的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet(still)连用.所以thought(although)„yet(still)的格式是正确的.Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.although, though 辨析

although 不能though 那样用作副词, 放在句末表示强调时要用even though.1。He is looking fit, though.2。Even though I did not understand a word, I kept smiling.3。He is quite experienced, he is young, though.2)as, though 引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。

Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.【注意】a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。

b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.= Though he tries hard, he never seems„ 虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。c ever if, even though.即使

We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.d whether„or-不管„„都

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.e ”no matter +疑问词“ 或”疑问词+后缀ever“ No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。比较状语从句

要点：比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级，比较级及最高级的句子之中。原级

1.as„as 和。。一样 Jack is as tall as Bob.捷克和汤姆一样高。2.not so(as)„as „和不一样

She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.她不如她姐姐外向。比较级

more„than(更)This book is more instructive than that one.这本书比那本书由教育意义。最高级

1.The most„in/of This book is the most interesting of the three.这本书是三本中最有趣的。2.the + 形容词+est„of/in This road is the busiest street in our city.知识扩展

no more than只不过(嫌少的意思)1。I have no more than two pens.2。It’s no more than a mile to the shops.not more than不如。。；(前者不如后者)1。Jack is not more diligent than John.2。one of the + 名词(复数)„.之一(用于最高级)She is one of the best students in our school.方式状语从句

1）方式状语从句通常由as,(just)as„so„, as if, as though引导。

as,(just)as„so„引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just)as„so„结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是”正如„“，”就像“，多用于正式文体，例如：

1。Always do to the others as you would be done by.2。As water is to fish, so air is to man.3。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.2）as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作”仿佛„„似的“，”好像„„似的"，例如：

1。They completely ignore these facts as if(as though)they never existed.2。He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lighting.3。It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.[说明]as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如： 1。He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.2。He cleared his throat as if to say something.3。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.

第五篇：状语从句教案

状语从句 联系链： 1。引导词的角度

（1）可以同时用于名词性从句和状语从句的引导词：when , whatever , that , where(2)可以同时用于形容词性从句和状语从句的引导词：as , that , where , when 2.功能的角度

（1）状语从句具有副词的功能

（2）定语从句具有形容词的功能

（3）名词性从句具有名词的功能 3.从句所作成分的角度

（1）名词性从句充当：主语，宾语，表语，同位语

（2）形容词性从句充当：定语

（3）副词性从句充当：状语 4.句子结构的角度

(1)状语从句和名词性从句成分完整(2)定语从句成分不完整 5。语序角度

状语从句

倒装

特殊句式 6。连词角度

主从句的逻辑关系

两个句子的关系

并列句 知识链

1。状语从句

时间状语从句

地点状语从句

原因状语从句

目的状语从句

条件状语从句

结果状语从句

让步状语从句

比较状语从句

方式状语从句 2。功能角度

在整个主从句中作状语 3。从句关系角度

主从句中的主谓不一致

4。主从句位置角度

可前可后 5。语境角度

主从句逻辑关系

选择连词

部分连词引起的倒装 6。时态的角度

时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句一般用现在时 模型链 状语从句

定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连词引起，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引起，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。状语从句一般分为九大类（见下表）1．时间状语从句：

在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致，一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，又可分类如下：

(1)表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。其连词有：when（当……的时候）, while（当……的时候）, as（当……的时候）, as soon as（一……就……）, once（一旦……）等。如： Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。

While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.（while含有对比的意思）我洗地板的时候，你可以擦窗户。

As / When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.我回家的时候遇到了我的一位老同学。I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.我一有他的答复就给你打电话。Once you see him, you will never forget him.你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。

(2)表示先时或后时，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后，主要连词有：after（在……之后）, before（在……之前）, when(=after)等。如：

After / When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.（从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前，所以从句用了过去完成时）孩子睡觉了以后她开始备课。

He had learned English for three years before he went to London.（主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，所以主句用了过去完成时）他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。

It was not long before I forgot it all.(It is / was / will be …before…是常用句型)He ran off before I could stop him.（主句和从句的动作几乎同时发生，时态一致）

我还没来得及阻止他他就跑掉了。(注意before在汉语中的译义)(3)表示习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。主要连词有every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等。例如：

Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们。Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次进城，总要来看看我们的学校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。

（4）表示持续性或瞬间性，主要连词有：since（自从）, ever since（自从）, until（直到……才/为止）, till（直到……才/为止）等。如： It is just a week since we arrived here.（It is /was… since…是常用句型）

我们到这儿刚刚一星期。(主句的动作或状态持续时间较短，不能用ever since)You have been reading to me ever since James went out.（ever 放在since之前是用来表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长）自从James走后你一直在给我朗读。

The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since.(ever since可以放在句末，since则不能)这只一向日夜不停打点报时的大钟在战争中损坏了，从此就一直不响了。

My uncle went to Tibet in 1951.He has been living there ever since.我叔叔于1951年去了西藏，从那以后他一直生活在那里。

Things went well until / till one night an accident happened.事情一切正常，直到有一天晚上发生了意外。

I knew nothing about it until / till he told me.(但Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.“till”不位于句首)他告诉我了我才知道。2． 地点状语从句

地点状语从句是由where（在……的地方）, wherever（无论哪里）引导的： Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句)哪有问题，你最好在哪做个记号。

He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.他无论在什么地方，总是与我们保持联系。

3．原因状语从句

表示原因的状语从句可以由as（由于）, because(因为), since（既然）, now(that)（既然）, considering that（顾及到）, seeing that（由于）等连词引导：

I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。(because不能与 so连用)He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。

Seeing(that)quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会。

Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.既然大家都来了，咱们就设法做出一个决定吧。

As she was ill, she didn’t come to the party.由于病了，她没来参加晚会。

Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了。

4.目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that, so that（以便）, in order that（为了）, for fear that（以便）, in case（万一）等，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等。如：

Let’s take the front seats(so)that we may see more clearly.我们坐前排吧，这样我们看得更清楚些。School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.早点儿放学是为了让孩子们在暴风雨到来之前回家。

He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.他把名字写下省得忘了。（该从句中一般用情态动词should+动词原形，或省略should）

Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。

5.结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that（从句中不带情态动词）, so…that(如此……以致..), such…that(如此……以致……)等。

What has happened that you all look so excited? 发生了什么事，使你们都显得如此兴奋？

He didn’t plan his time well, so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.他没把时间计划好，结果没按时完成这项工作。

We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.我们走得匆忙，把门都忘了锁了。（such是形容词，后接名词）

The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.这村子太小，所以这地图上没有。（so是副词，后接形容词或副词）

Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much = Jenny is so clever a girl that….Jenny是如此聪明的女孩，以至老师们都非常喜欢她。

但是，当名词前有many, much, few, little(少)修饰时，要用so,不能用such。例如：

I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块，紫一块。He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。

I had so little money then that I couldn’t afford a little present.我当时囊肿羞涩，连一份小小礼物都买不起。6． 条件状语从句

表示条件的状语从句可以由if（如果）, unless（除非）, in case（万一）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就……而言）, on condition that（条件是……）, suppose（假设）, supposing（假设）（仅用在问句中）等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。

As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。

Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.万一你有什么困难，请给我们一个信儿。

If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.如果你明早6点钟走，你最好现在就上床。

We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。

As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.据我所知，他是一个DNA专家。

He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.他会接受这项工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的话。

Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎么办？

7． 方式状语从句

方式状语从句常由as（与……一样）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等词引导：

Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗。Leave things as they are.让一切顺其自然。

She stood at the door as if(=as though)she were waiting for someone.她站在门口，仿佛在等人似的。（由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气）8． 比较状语从句

比较状语从句常由than（比）, as（与……一样）等词引导： It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.上海下的雨比北京的多。Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.我们的国家同整个欧洲一样大。The result was not as/so good as I had expected.结果不如我预料的那么好。The busier he is, the happier he feels.（常见句型）他越忙越开心。9． 让步状语从句

让步状语从句由although（尽管）, though（尽管）, however（无论怎样）, whatever（无论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whomever（无论谁）, whichever（无论哪个）, whenever（无论何时）, wherever（无论哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter(who, what, where, when, etc)（无论……）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等词引导。如：

We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though)we fail ten times.我们就是失败十次也不泄气。

It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.那是一场精彩的球赛，尽管一个球都没进。(though, although不能与 but连用)Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.不管你信不信，这是真的。

However(=No matter how)expensive it may be, I’ll take it.无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who)they are.不管他们是谁，别让他们进来。

No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为是我错。连词as也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。如：

Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he….他虽然年轻，但懂得很多。(though 也有这种用法，可以替换as,但although没有这种用法)though还可以用作副词，放在句末。如：

It was hard work;;I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.那工作很苦，但是我喜欢干。