第一篇：初中英语语法介词教案

第7单元 介词

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（一）表示时间的介词

1． at表示时间点，at six o'clock, at noon；

on表示特定日子，如on Children's Day；

in表示一段时间，in the morning.

『例』She'll be back in an hour.

He came back after a month.in “+”一段时间与动词将来时连用，表示过一段时间之后； after“+”一段时间用于过去时，指一段时间后。2．During表示期间的某个时期

『例』It rained several times during the night. for表示多长时间

『例』It has rained for two hours. through表示整个期间

『例』It rained all through the night.

3．till, by, before, after表示时间期限或先后 『例』I'll be here till seven. I'll be home by six.

I'll be here before seven. 4．from, since表示时间起点

『例』They have lived here since 1985. I haven't seen her from then on.

（二）at, in, on, under, behind, by, near, between可表示场所，into, out of, along.across, through可表示方向，with, in, by, like, from可表示手段、材料等 『例』She is sitting by the window.

Sam got out of the lift and ran quickly to the man. We smell with our noses.

（三）介词与动词搭配如：look at, arrive in/at etc. 介词与形容词搭配如：be interested in, be kind to, etc. 介词与名词搭配如：at least, by the way

注意几组介词的区别：on, above, over与below，under, among与between, across与through，about与on

1．on的同义词是above, over, above是指斜上方，over指正上方，其反义词是below, under;below是指位置低于某物或在某物的下方，但不一定在某物正下方，其反义词是above；under是指在某物的正下方有垂直在下的意思，其反义词是over。

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2．among是指三个或三个以上之间，between是指两者之间。

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3．across与through都有“穿过”之意，都可指从一定范围的一边到另一边，across的含义与on有关，表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的；through与in有关，表示动作是在某一物体的空间里进行的。

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第二篇：初中英语语法总结(六)--介词

介词

一些容易混淆的介词

1．表示时间的at、on、in的用法区别 at主要表示：

(1)在某具体时刻之前，如at seven o’ clock，at 7：30。

(2)在固定短语中，如：at noon，at night，at that time，at the age of at the weekend，at Christmas。

On用来表示“在„„天”，如：On Monday，On May lst，On Children’s Day。in用来表示：

(1)在某年、某月、某季节。

(2)在—段时间之后，如：in two hours，in a few days。

注意：在纯粹地表示在上午／下午／晚上时，用in the morning／afternoon／evening，但在某一天的上午、下午、晚上前要用介词on。如：on Monday morning，on the morning of Children’ s Day。

2.表示地点的at，in，on的用法区别(1)at通常指小地方，in一般指大地方。(2)at 所指范围不太明确，in指“在„„里”。(3)in指在内部，on指“在„„之上”。

3．表示“一段时间”的for与since的用法区别

for后面接时间段，since之后接时间点。4．表示时间的before与by的用法区别

before与by都可表示“在„„之前”，但by含有“不迟于„„”、“到„„为止”的意思。如果by后是将来的时间，则与将来时连用，若by后是过去的时间，则与过去完成时连用。

5．over与above(under与below)over，above都表示“在„„的上面”，over表示“正上方”，而above只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”。above还可表示温度、水位等“高于”，over还可表示“越过„„”。over的反义词是under，above的反义词是below．例如：

There is a bridge over the river Our plane flew above the clouds．

6．表示“用”的with，by，in的用法

with多指用工具，用身体的部位或器官；by表示使用的方法、手段；in指使用某种语言。如：

We see with our eyes.We go there by bike.Please say it out in English.He cut it open with a knife.介词的省略

表示时间介词at, on, in 的省略

(1)在 next, last, this, these, today, yesterday, tomorrow, one, every, each, all等词前,一般不用 at, in, on.(2)在某些名词词组前,可以省略(也可不省)如:(on)that day,(in)the year before last 常见搭配

1．动词+介词，如：

listen to, laugh at, write to, hear from, get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at, look for, look at, ask for, wait for, get on, get to, put on, turn on, operate on, take off, turn off, learn from, worry about...2．形容词+介词，如：

afraid of, full of, angry with, strict with, busy with, good at, good/bad for, late for, sorry for, ready for, famous for, polite to, far from...3．名词+介词 / 介词+名词

key to, visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, at last, at first, for example...例1] 用正确的介词填空。

1）The little girl is looking________ her mother.2）Thank you ________ your help.3）Don't read ________ bed.4）Tom comes ________ the USA.第1小题要填for，因为look for是一个固定词组，表示寻找的行为。第 2小题填 for，既可说 Thanks for„也可以说 Thank you for„，for后接名词。第3小题填 in。表示“在床上”in bed，一般不说 on bed。第 4小题come from一个固定短语，意思相当于be from，表示“来自„”。

[例2] China lies_______ the east of Asia and ______ the east of Japan.A.in;on B.to;to C.to;in D.in;to

解析 表示方位的介词in, on, to意义各不相同。在范围内的地方用in。China属于Asia范围内，故先用in；不在范围内的地方用to，若两地相连，则要用介词on, China和Japan不属同一范围且有海相隔，故选择to。因此答案为D

一．考点透视 知识与能力要求 重难点问题归纳 中考热点分析预测 应试策略 二．知识讲解

名词

代词

冠词 数词

形容词、副词

介词 三．典型例题

四．强化训练及答案 一．考点透视

【知识与能力要求】

1．掌握所学单词的形态变化。

2．掌握简单句的五种基本句型，四笔头练习基本正确。3．能理解不复杂的、含有状语从句或宾语从句的复合句。

4．掌握动词的五种基本时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时）的基本用法。

5．能理解并初步掌握过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时的基本用法。6．掌握一般现在时（包括含有情态动词的一般现在时）、一般过去时的被动语态的基本用法。7．掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和状语的用法（作主语和定语的用法只要求理解）。【重难点问题归纳】

语法知识是在掌握一定量的单词和短语的基础上才能获得的。因此，单词的形态变化和简单句的五种基本句型是语法学习的基础之基础。五种基本时态和含有不复杂的状语从句及宾语从句的复合句是初中毕业班学生学习的重点也是语法学习的难点。五种基本时态中的一般过去时和现在完成时的基本用法及其区别是学习的难点。状语从句中的时态问题，宾语从句中的主语和谓语的语序问题是学生感到头痛的问题。被动语态是中国学生最不喜欢学习和使用的一种语态。因此，学生在学习时，时常感觉到很困难。动词不定式是初中英语语法中的一个重点。不定式在句中作宾语、宾语补足语和状语等用法均要求掌握，特别是一些动词，有些后面要求跟不定式作宾语，有些则要求跟动词一ing形式作宾语。总之，语法部分是英语学习的重点和难点。语法知识掌握得好，将大大加快英语学习的进程。【中考热点分析预测】

语法部分历年来是中考的必考内容。考试的范围广，涉及单词词形变化、基本句子结构、五种基本时态搬动语态、不定式用法以及状语从句、宾语从句，等等。近年来，在教学改革方面加大了对听说教学的力度，初中段以培养学生的交际能力为主，为高中段的英语学习打好基础，对语法知识的要求作了调整，降低了难度，但考查的范围并没有减小。单纯考语法知识的题比以前明显减少。试题往往设置一个情景，在对话中考查时态及基本句型。当然，有些语法项目设置在单句中，如：不定式、被动语态以及词语搭配。

语言学习是一个积累的过程，不记住相当数量的词语、习惯用语。句型和语法规则，是学不好英语的。因此，对词形变换、句型结构、状语从句中的时态以及常用的五种基本时态的考查仍将是中考命题的热点。【应试策略】

动词及其时态是英语学习最重要的部分，也是学习的难点。被动语态也是学习的难点。宾语从句和状语从句是复合句中最重要、最常用的结构，是初中毕业生必须掌握的从句。注意现在时、过去时和将来时及现在完成时的基本用法以及句中的副词（包括时间副词）的用法，尤其要注意过去时与现在完成时的区别。宾语从句要注意从句结构的语序（连接词+从句的主语+从句的谓语+„„）问题和时态问题（主句是过去时，从句必须用过去时的某种形式）；状语从句要注意在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来时态。动词、时态与语态与从句一定要在大量课文和对话的句子中反复操练，才能真正学会。只要你在复习和应试中注意以上几点，考试就一定能取得好成绩。二．知识讲解 【名词】

1．名词的可数与不可数

可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目，来统计，都成为不可数名词。不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量，没有复数形式。要表示“一个„„”这一概念，就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词，在英语里却不可数。如：chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news等。2．名词的复数（1）规则变化

A．一般情况下加-s。

B．以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es。

如：bus---buses，box---boxes，watch---watches，brush---brushes C．以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es。如：city---cities，country---countries D．以f，fe结尾的，去掉f或fe，变成v再加-es。（2）不规则变化 A．元音发生变化。如：man---men，woman---women，foot---feet，tooth---teeth，mouse---mice B．词尾发生变化。如：child---children C．单、复数同形。

如：fish---fish，Japanese---Japanese，Chinese---Chinese，sheep---sheep 3．物质名词（不可数名词）量的表示方法（1）用much，a little，a lot of等表示（2）用容器表示 a bowl of rice，a glass of water，a cup of tea，a piece of，orange，two glasses of milk，two pieces of paper 4．名词的所有格

(1)名词所有格的构成法

A．单数名词词尾加’ s，复数名词词尾若没有s，也要加’ s。the worker's bike，the Children’ s ball

B．表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后’ s。如：

This is Lucy and Licy’ s room．

These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms．

C.如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词，只加’。如: the students’ books，the girls’ blouses(2)名词+of+名词名词是有生命的，我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系.如: the legs of the desk，the door of the room 但在表示名词所有格时，’ s结构也常可转换成of结构。有些表示时间,距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加’s来构成所有格.如: ten minutes' walk，today's newspaper 【代词】

人称代词，物主代词，反身代词 类别

主格宾格形容词性 物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数I me my mine myself复数 we us our ours ourselves第二人称单数 you you your yours yourself复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称单数 he him his his himselfshe her her hers herselfit it its its itself复数 they them their theirs themselves 1．人称代词

人称代词it的特殊用法：一般it指“它”，但在表示天气、时间、距离等时，用it来代替，此时的it并不译为“它”。

当三个人称代词(单数)同时出现时，其先后顺序为you，he，I。而复数一般采用we，you，they顺序。

2．物主代词

物主代词的用法：

形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词。

名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。3．反身代词 1)反身代词的构成分两种：第一、二人称反身代词在形容词：性物主代词后加上self或selves，第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves．

2)反身代词的用法：一种是作宾语，由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。

如：I enjoyed myself at the party．另一种是作名词或代词的同位语；用来加强语气。如：I can do it myself．

3)初中阶段由反身代词构成的常用词组有：enjoy oneself，help oneself to，learn by oneself，teach oneself，(all)by oneself，leave...by oneself，lose oneself in等，在运用反身代词时，应注意它在数、性别上与哪一个保持一致。试比较： “Help yourselves to some fish，Tom and Mike．”与I can’t leave the girl by herself． 指示代词

指示代词的特殊用法：

(1)为了避免重复，可用that，those代替前面提到过的名词，但是this，these不可以。(2)this，that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。

不定代词

主要不定代词的用法：(1)one的用法

A.one作为代词可以指人，也可以指物。

B.one，ones(one的复数形式)可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词，以避免重复。C.one的前面可用this，that，the，which等词来修饰。D.常有a+形容词+one这一形式。

it和one的用法区别：it用来指特定的东西，而one则用于替代不特定的东西。(2)some和any的用法区别

A.some，any可与单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中。

B.some，any与—thing，—body，—one构成的合成词的用法与some，any一样。

C.在疑问句中，一般不用some，只有当问句表示一种邀请或者请求，或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用some。

D.some在否定句中表示半否定，any表示全否定。

E．some用于单数可数名词前，表示“某个”而不是“一些”。(3)other，another的用法 数

种类单数复数泛指another=an otherother(boys)others特指the otherthe other(boys)the others功能作主语、宾语、定语作定语作主语、宾语 A.another＝another“另一个”，泛指众多者中的另一个，在原有基础上自然增加的另一个。一般后面接单数名词，前面不能加定冠词。有时another可以用在复数名词前表示“又”“再”，如：

I want to have another two cakes．我想再吃两个蛋糕。

B．the other表示两个中的另一个，常与one连用。常见形式是“one．．．the other．．．”。

C.other+复数名词＝others

D.the other+复数名词＝the others(4)a11、both的用法 both表示“两者都„„”，而a11表示“三个或三个以上的人或物都„„”。a11、both在句中放在be动词，情态动词及助动词之后，放在实义动词之前。(5)each和every的用法 A.each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个。B.从含义和语法功能上看，each是“单个”的意思，侧重个体，在句中可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语。而every是“每一个”之意，侧重全体、整体、共性。在句中只能作定语，也就是说它后面必须跟着名词。而由every构成的合成词后面绝不能跟名词。(6)either，neither，both的用法

either：指两者中的任意一个。作主语谓语用单数。neither：指两者都不，全否定。作主语谓语用单数。

both：指两者都。作主语谓语用复数。

(7)many和much many只能和复数可数名词连用。much只能和不可数名词连用。注意：

a lot of／lots of / plenty of＝much／many a large／great number of＝many a great／good deal of＝much(8)few，a few，little，a little few，little表示否定含义，“很少”“几乎没有”；a few，a little表示肯定含义，有一些”。few，a few用在可数名词前，little，a little用在不可数名词前。【冠词】

1.不定冠词an用在元音读音开头(不是指元音字母)的词前，其余用不定冠词a.2．定冠词的基本用法

A.用在重新提到的人或事物前面。

B.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面。

C用在单数可数名词前面，表示某一类人或事物。3．定冠词的特殊用法

A.用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。

B.用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。C用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。

D.用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。

E.用在姓氏的复数形式前面，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。F．用在乐器名称前。

G.和某些形容词连用，表示某一类人或事物。4．名词前不用冠词的情况

A.在专有名词(包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节)、物质名词和抽象名词前—般不用冠词。但在以Festival组成的民间节日前要加the。B.表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。

C.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。

D.三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。正在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。(sit)at table就餐;sit at the table坐在桌边

go to school去上学；go to the school去那所学校；in hospital住院；in the hospital在那个医院里 【数词】

1．数字的表示

三位数数词要在百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加and。1，000以上的数字，从后向前第三位数加一个“，”，第一个“，”前为thousand，第二个“，”前为million，第三个“，”前为billion。

2．序数词除了first，second，third外，其余都在基数词尾加-th构成。

3．分数分子在前，分母在后，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1小时，分母序数词要变成复数。

4．Hundreds（thousands，millions）of„„用法。【形容词，副词】 形容词

1.形容词的位置

(1)形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面，但当形容词修饰不定代词something，nothing，anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。如：something important，nothing serious。(2)当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时，定语或表语要后置。如： We have dug a hole two meters deep． The hole is about two metres deep． 2．形容词的比较等级

(1)单音节词和少数双音节词，在词尾加—(e)r，—(e)st来构成比较级和最高级。其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。如： popular———more popular———most popular important—more important—most important(2)不规则变化

原级 比较级 最高级 good better best well bad worse worst ill old older oldest elder eldest many more most much little less least far farther farthest further furthest

3.形容词比较级的用法

形容词比较级通常可分为原级、比较级、最高级三种基本形式，具体而言，它们分别以下列形式出现在句中：

它们分别以下列形式出现在句中：(1)as+原级+as(2)比较级+than(3)the+最高级+of(in)．．．

需注意的原级的用法：

(1)否定结构有A．．。not as+形容词原级+as B及A．．．not so +形容词原级+as B两种结构。(2)表示倍数有．．．times as+形容词原级+as的句型。如： This garden is ten times as large as that one． This room is twice as large as that one．(3)half as+形容词原级+as表示“„„的一半”。如：This book is half as thick as that one． 需注意的比较级的用法：

(1)than后面接代词时，一般要用主格，但在口语中工也可换成me。(2)比较级前还可以用much，even，still，a little来修饰。(3)表示倍数时，试比较

Our room is twice as large as theirs． 我们的房间是他们的两倍那样大。

Our room is twice larger than theirs． 我们的房间比他们的大两倍。(4)I’ m two years older than you． 我比你大两岁。(5)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越„„”。如: He becomes fatter and fatter．

(6)”The+比较级„，the+比较级”表示“越„„，越„„”。如：The busier he is，the happier he feels．他越忙就越高兴。

需注意的最高级的用法：(1)常见结构有：“of+复数意义的词”表示“在„„之中的”，“在„„中”；“in+范围、场所”表示“在„„之中”。如： He is the tallest“all the boys”． China is the greatest in the world． 副词

1．副词比较级的构成

(1)单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。(2)绝大多数副词借助more，most来构成比较级和最高级。(3)少数副词的不规则变化： 原级 比较级 最高级 well better best badly worse worst much more most little less least far farther farthest farthest furthest late later latest(4)副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the。

(5)常用句型有like A better than B和like A（the）best of（in）„ 其余变化和形容词类似。2．常见副词用法(1)too, either Too 一般用于肯定句，常放在句末，否定句时用either。(2)ago，before ago 以现在为起点，和动词的过去时连用。before以过去某个时间为起点，常和过去完成时连用。当before前没有“一段时间”而单独使用时，泛指“以前”，常和完成时连用。如：I have heard the man before。我以前听说过那个人。【介词】

一些容易混淆的介词

1．表示时间的at、on、in的用法区别 at主要表示：

(1)在某具体时刻之前，如at seven o’ clock，at 7：30。

(2)在固定短语中，如：at noon，at night，at that time，at the age of at the weekend，at Christmas。

On用来表示“在„„天”，如：On Monday，On May lst，On Children’s Day。in用来表示：

(1)在某年、某月、某季节。

(2)在—段时间之后，如：in two hours，in a few days。

注意：在纯粹地表示在上午／下午／晚上时，用in the morning／afternoon／evening，但在某一天的上午、下午、晚上前要用介词on。如：on Monday morning，on the morning of Children’ s Day。

2.表示地点的at，in，on的用法区别(1)at通常指小地方，in一般指大地方。(2)at 所指范围不太明确，in指“在„„里”。(3)in指在内部，on指“在„„之上”。

3．表示“一段时间”的for与since的用法区别

for后面接时间段，since之后接时间点。4．表示时间的before与by的用法区别

before与by都可表示“在„„之前”，但by含有“不迟于„„”、“到„„为止”的意思。如果by后是将来的时间，则与将来时连用，若by后是过去的时间，则与过去完成时连用。

5．over与above(under与below)over，above都表示“在„„的上面”，over表示“正上方”，而above只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”。above还可表示温度、水位等“高于”，over还可表示“越过„„”。over的反义词是under，above的反义词是below．例如：

There is a bridge over the river Our plane flew above the clouds．

6．表示“用”的with，by，in的用法

with多指用工具，用身体的部位或器官；by表示使用的方法、手段；in指使用某种语言。如：

We see with our eyes.We go there by bike.Please say it out in English.He cut it open with a knife.介词的省略

表示时间介词at, on, in 的省略

(1)在 next, last, this, these, today, yesterday, tomorrow, one, every, each, all等词前,一般不用 at, in, on.(2)在某些名词词组前,可以省略(也可不省)如:(on)that day,(in)the year before last 常见搭配

1．动词+介词，如：

listen to, laugh at, write to, hear from, get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at, look for, look at, ask for, wait for, get on, get to, put on, turn on, operate on, take off, turn off, learn from, worry about...2．形容词+介词，如：

afraid of, full of, angry with, strict with, busy with, good at, good/bad for, late for, sorry for, ready for, famous for, polite to, far from...3．名词+介词 / 介词+名词

key to, visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, at last, at first, for example...三．典型例题 【名词】

[例1]（1）—How far is your school from here? —Not very far.It's about twenty ______ walk.A.minute's B.minutes’ C.minutes D.minute

（2）It is about ______ from the school to my home.A.ten minutes walk B.ten minutes’ walk C.ten minutes’ s walk D.ten minute’s walk

分析 上述两题考查名词所有格的构成及用法。由句意可知空格处所填内容是表示距离的名词，选项中的名词minute和walk存在所有关系，因此必须用名词的所有格。名词所有格的’s也可以加在一个短语之后，若该短语最后一个名词的词尾是-s，则只加“’’。如：an hour’s ride, two weeks’ time。因而（1）、（2）小题答案均为B。[例2] Have you seen ______ at the foot of the hill?

A.any sheep B.some sheeps C.any sheeps D.some sheep 分析 此题考查名词复数的特殊例子。sheep的单复数同形；any一般用在疑问句和否定句里，some用在肯定句里。答案为A [例3]—Who is the man in the blue car? —He is ______father.A.Kate's and Mary's B.Kate and Mary's C.Kate and Mary D.of Kate and Mary 分析 本题考查名词所有格的构成及方法。两个并列的所有格，只给第二个名词加“’s”。[例4]（哈尔滨市，2003）---Where is Tom？

---He’ s left a saying that he has something important to do.A.excuse B.message C.exercise D.news 分析 此题考查名词的用法，由a知道选项A、C、D不行，故选B。答案 选B 解后反思 an excuse（一个借口），an exercise（一个练习）„„，news（新闻）是不可数名词。

[例5]（天津市，2003）He had something to write down and asked me for A.a paper B.some papers C.some pieces of papers D.a piece of paper 分析 此题考查不可数名词的用法。Paper作“纸”讲时是不可数名词，故A、B、C可排除。答案：选D 解后反思 paper当“试卷”、“文件”讲时是可数名词。类似的词还有：fish，chicken等。【代词】

[例1] 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1）This isn’t _______(I)book, it must be _______(you).2）Is there any milk in the bottle? Yes, there is ______(little).分析 第1小题第一空要用形容词性物主代词my，用于修饰名词book，第二空则要用名词性物主代词yours，相当于your book。第2小题应用a little表示肯定：“有一点儿”。[例2] There are many trees on________ of the road.A.both side B.each sides C.both sides D.every side

分析 此题主要考查不定代词both, each和every的用法。both为“两者”（都）”，作定语时，其后接复数名词；作主语时，要用复数谓语动词。either为“两者中间的任何一个（的）”，作定语时，后接单数可数名词；作主语时，要用单数谓语动词。every意为“每个（的）”，作定语，只用于三者或三者以上。又因马路road（rive，street等）只有两侧，所以正确答案只能是C。

[例3] 1)“Help ______ to some mooncakes”, Han Meimei said to the twins.A.you B.oneself C.yourself D.yourselves 2)—Put on your clothes when you go out.—Thank you.Mum.I can look after______.A.me B.I C.ourselves D.myself

分析 这是一组考查反身代词用法的试题。反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语和同位语，不能单独使用、不能替代主格代词，但可用在主格代词后以加强语气。还常用于某些短语中，如：by oneself独自，enjoy oneself 玩得愉快，teach oneself 自学，help oneself to„随便吃（用）„„等。因此上二题答案均为D。

例4]（广东省，2003）There is with my computer.It doesn’ t work.A.nothing wrong B.anything wrong C.wrong something D.something wrong 分析 本题考查形容词与不定代词的位置关系，形容词修饰不定代词应放在不定代词之后，而anything用于否定句和疑问句，由It doesn’ t work知选D。答案：D 解后反思 考虑词的使用范围并结合语境是解决本题的关键。【冠词】

[例1] 选择填空

1）Give me_______, please.A.a cup tea B.two cup of tea C.two cup D.two cups of tea 2）The teacher passed me _____ paper.A.a piece B.a piece of C.piece of D.a pair of

第1小题主要考查学生对可数名词与不可数名词的掌握情况，tea是不可数名词，不能用数量词直接修饰，但可以用容器表示量，表容器的名词可变为复数形式，即可以说two cups of tea，此题选D。第2小题答案选B。paper一词是不可数的，要表示“一张纸”，英语应为a piece of paper，不能说a paper。

[例2] _____ delicious food you have cooked!A.How a B.How C.What a D.What 分析 不定冠词表示数量，类似“－”，修饰单数可数名词。不可数名词前不可用a、an修饰。在感叹句“What a／an+ adj．+ n．+（主+谓）！”结构中，名词必是单数可数名词。若是不可数名词应用“What+ adj．+ n．+（主+谓）！”结构。句中food是不可数名词，故答案为D。[例3]（1）We always have______ rice for ______lunch.A./;/ B.the;/ C./;a D.the;the

（2）It’s half past four in the afternoon.The students are playing _____ basketball now.A./ B.an C.a D.the

分析 下列情况不用任何冠词：1）专用名词（John、England）、物质名词（food，rice，water）等前；2）一日三餐的名词前；3）在表示球类运动的名词前。因此第（1）小题正确答案应为A；第（2）小题答案为A。

[例4]（天津市，2003）---What’ s the matter with you？----I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed A．a, / B.a, the C.a, a D.the, the] 分析 本题考查冠词的用法和习惯表达。躺在床上译为stay in bed，而感冒译为catch cold或catch a cold，但cold有形容词修饰时则a不可省略。答案：选A 【数词】

[例1] 1)______ books must he-produced for the children.A.Many thousands B.Many thousands of C.Many thousand of D.Many thousand 2)We've planted ______ trees in the centre of our city this year.A.hundred B.tow hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of 分析本题考查数词的用法。当 thousand或 hundred做数词时，前面一般加数来修饰，其本身没有数的变化，且后不跟of。当它们做名词时，其复数形式为thousands和hundreds，且构成thousands of和hundreds of，后接可数名词的复数形式。答案分别为 B、D [例2] About ____ of the workers in the clothes factory are women.A.third fifths B.third fifth C.three fifths D.three fifth

分析 此题主要考查英语的分数表示法。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母的序数词后需加“s”。例如：1/3 one third；2/3：two thirds.通过分析A、B、D三项均错，答案为C。

[例3] July is ________ month of the year.A.seven B.the seventh C.eight D.the eighth 序数词用来表示数目的顺序，七月份是一年中的第七个月，第七个月的正确表达为the seventh month，所以此题的正确答案为B。

例4]（重庆市，2003）My favourite is getting stamps.I need before I have 2500 ones.A.more one B.any more C.one more D.more than 分析 此题考查数词与more相结合的用法，数词+more表示还有（要）„„，在此正好符合题意。答案：选C 解后反思 more than是“多于”之意，any more用于否定句表示“不再”。【形容词、副词】

[例1] In the exam, the ______ you are, the ______ mistakes you'll make.A.careful;little B.more careful;less C.more careful;few D.more careful;fewer 分析 “the+比较级„„，the+比较级„„”这个句型结构的意思是“越„„就越„„”或“愈是„„则愈是„„”。此结构中的比较级可以是形容词，也可以是副词。答案D [例2] I’m not sure whether Mary can sing ________ Mabel.A.as well as B.as good as C.so good as D.as better as 分析 此题考查了两个知识点：（1）副词和形容词用法的区别：（2）as„as句式。句中谓语动词是行为动词，应选副词。B、C项应排除.as„as中间应用副词或形容词原级，所以答案应为A。

[例3] Let’s hope the things can get______.A.better and better B.well and well C.good and good D.best and best 分析 答案为A。两个比较级并列在一起，表示“越来越„„”之意，此句主要考查比较级特殊句型“more and more”结构，该句式表示持续不断变化，其动词常是become, be, get, grew等，又如：Spring has come.It is getting warmer and warmer.[例4]（甘肃省，2003）I am I want a piece of bread A.full B.hungry C.tired D.thirsty 分析 此题在语境中考查形容词的用法。由后句意“我要一块面包”说名与“饿”有关，故选B。

答案：选B。

[例5]（天津市，2003）In our city，it’ s in July, nut it is even in August.A.hotter, hottest B.hot, hot C.hotter, hot D.hot, hotter 分析 此题考查形容词及比较级的用法。前空应填原级，后空有even修饰要用比较级，故选D。

答案：选D 解后反思 如下几个形容词的比较级和最高级要双写最后的辅音字母再加-er或-est。big-bigger-biggest，hot-hotter-hottest，fat-fatter-fattest，thin-thinner-thinnest，wet-wetter-wettest。简记为：大（big），热（hot），湿纸（wet），谁（肥，fat）瘦（thin）？（利用谐音记）[例6]（山西省太原市，2002）The little girl likes animals.When she heard I would take her to the zoo, she looked at me.A.happy B.happily C.angry D.angrily 分析 由句意知C、D可以排除，又此句中look at是行为动词而不是连系动词，故选B 答案：B 解后反思 形容词和副词都具有修饰作用，但是各自修饰的对象不同，形容词修饰名词，作定语，或在连系动词后作表语。而副词修饰行为动词，形容词或副词作状语。【介词】

[例1] 用正确的介词填空。

1）The little girl is looking________ her mother.2）Thank you ________ your help.3）Don't read ________ bed.4）Tom comes ________ the USA.第1小题要填for，因为look for是一个固定词组，表示寻找的行为。第 2小题填 for，既可说 Thanks for„也可以说 Thank you for„，for后接名词。第3小题填 in。表示“在床上”in bed，一般不说 on bed。第 4小题come from一个固定短语，意思相当于be from，表示“来自„”。

[例2] China lies_______ the east of Asia and ______ the east of Japan.A.in;on B.to;to C.to;in D.in;to

解析 表示方位的介词in, on, to意义各不相同。在范围内的地方用in。China属于Asia范围内，故先用in；不在范围内的地方用to，若两地相连，则要用介词on, China和Japan不属同一范围且有海相隔，故选择to。因此答案为D。四．强化训练及答案 【名词】 选择正确答案

1.There are forty ______ in our school.A.women teachers B.teacher women C.woman teachers D.women teacher 2.Mr.Li is one of ______ in the hospital.A.most popular doctors B.the most popular doctors C.most popular doctor D.the most popular doctor 3.The sign “NO PHOTOS” means that you can't ______.A.take pictures B.bring in pictures C.buy any photos D.sell any photos 4.Some of the boys in ______ are afraid of maths exams.A.Class Three B.the Class Three C.Three Class D.the Three Class 5.Have you got any ______ for us this time? A.pieces of message B.piece of messages C.pieces of messages D.messages 6.______, those mountains will be covered with trees.A.In a few years time B.After a few years time C.In a few years’ time D.After a few years time

7.Hong Kong is an SAR while Macao is another.So there are ______ in China.A.both SAR B.both SARS C.two SAR D.two SARS 8.Look!There are ______ stars up there in the ______.A.thousands of;sky B.thousands of;air C.thousand of;sky D.thousand of;air 9.My father lived in ______ for some ten years.A.city Beijing B.the Beijing city C.Beijing of city D.the city of Beijing 10.Just from the ______ I know it's Liu Minjun.A.noise B.voice C.sound D.sing 11.—Where are the other two students? —They're in ______.A.teacher's office B.teachers' office C.the teacher office D.the teachers' office 12.—How many ______ have you next term? —Let me see.We'll have eight.A.lesson B.subjects C.days D.class 13.My uncle's full name is David Edward Hartpode.His family name is ______.A.Edward B.Hartpode C.David D.David Hartpode 14.He writes more carefully than ______ in his class.A.any student B.any other student C.any other students D.all students 15.This new kind ______ can do half the work.A.of tractor B.tractor C.of a tractor D.a tractor 16.John is very happy to have a ______ training.A.two weeks B.two-month C.two-weeks D.two-months 17.My brother is always careless.He always makes ____ A.mistakes B.mistake C.mistook D.some mistake 18.Mr.Green is nearly ______.A.two metres high B.two metres tall C.high two metres D.tall two metres 19.Mr.Smith is an ______.A.English B.English man C.Englishman D.Englishmen 20.A group of ______ are talking with two ______.A.Frenchmen;Germans B.Frenchmen;Germen C.German;Frenchmen D Germans;Frenchmans 【代词】 单项选择

1.______ the twins enjoyed ______ at the party yesterday.A.Both;them B.Both;themselves C.Neither;them D.All;themselves 2.—Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a cup of tea? —______, thanks.I'd like just a cup of water.A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None 3.—Would you like ______ milk in your tea? —Yes, just ______.A.any;little B.some;a little C.much;a few D.a little;some 4.There is______ to do this evening.A.much nothing B.many nothing C.nothing much D.nothing many 5.The two friends were so pleased to see each other that they forget ______.A.anything else B.something else C.nothing else D.everything else 6.—Is this your shoe? —Yes, it is.But where is______? A.the others B.another C.other one D.the other one 7.What I want to say is ______English is a very useful language.A.it B.this C.that D.those 8.They have an English lesson ______ day, Monday, Wednesday and Friday.A.each other B.every other C.some others D.another more 9.We found______ very important to learn a foreign language well.A.this B.that C.it D.it's 10.—______ is Lily like? —Oh, she's tall and thin.A.How B.Who C.Which D.What 11.—Would you like milk or orange? —_______ I prefer water.A.Each B.Neither C.Either D.Both 12.—Oh, there is someone in the room.—______ must be my mother.A.There B.She C.This D.It

13.Betty and John have come back, but _______ students in the class aren't here yet.A.the other B.others C.another D.the others 14.______ of us has read the story.A.Some B.Both C.All D.None

15.—Which of her parents is a doctor? —________.A.Any B.Either C.Both D.All 16.I have bought a new watch because my old ______ doesn't work.A.it B.one C.that D.this

17.—Is this dictionary _______ or _______? —It's mine.A.your;hers B.your;her C.your;her D.yours;hers

18.There is ______ water in my glass.Will you please give me ______.A.little;some B.few;any C.few;some D.little;any 19.—______pencil-box is this, Patrick? —It’s ______

A.Whose;mine B.Who’s;mine C.Whose;my D.Who’s;my

20.—The pen is _______.She wrote _______ name with it _______.A.hers;her;herself B.her;hers;her C.her;hers;herself D.her;herself;hers 【冠词】

用适当的冠词填空，不需要冠词的空白处填“×”

1.Tomorrow is ______ Teachers' Day and we'll make ______ card for our English teacher.2.The bus is running about seventy miles_____ hour.3.Mary is interested in ______ science.4.Some people don't like to talk at ______ table.5.Last night I went to______ bed very late.6.Don't worry.We still have ______ little time left.7.What ______ beautiful day!And what ______ fine weather!8.In ______ winter it is cold in ______ Beijing and warm in ________Shanghai.9.John is______ cleverest boy in his class.10.We can't live without ______ water or ______ air.11.Tomorrow Mr.Smith will leave Paris, ______capital of______ France, for Washington by______ air.12.We were having______ lunch when they came in.13.This is ______ book you gave me last week.14.What did you do ______ last Saturday? 15.March 8 is ______ Women's Day.16.If ______ weather is fine tomorrow, we will go to the park.17.I prefer playing ______ piano to playing ______ basketball.18.At ______ age of five, he read a lot of books.19.Tom and Lucy are of ______ same age.20.______ harder we study, ______ more we learn.【数词】 选择填空

l.September is the ________ month of the year.A.eighth B.ninth C.tenth D.eleventh 2.The People's Republic of China was founded ________ A.on October the first, 1949 B.in October the first ,1949 C.on October one, 1949 D.on October first one, 1949 3.There are ________ days in a year.A.three hundreds and sixty-five B.three hundreds and fifty-six C.three hundreds of sixty-five D.three hundred and sixty-five 4.There are ________ days in February.A.thirty B.thirty-one C.twenty-eight D.twenty-six 5.The film begins at 4:15.The right answer of “4:15” is _______ A.four fifth B.fifteen four C.four fifteen D.a quarter to four 6.________is seventy seven.A.forty and four B.thirty-seven and forty C.forty or thirty-seven D.seventy of seven 7.What row are you in? I am in ________.A.Row One B.Row First C.Row one D.One Row 8.How many months are there in a year? There are _______ A.eleven B.twelve C.twenty D.twelfth 9.At the age of ________, he was a worker.A.twenty B.the twenty C.twentieth D.one 10.The Changjiang River is ________ longest river in China.A.the first B.the second C.the third D.the fourth 【形容词、副词】

根据A句完成B句，使两句句意一致。

1.A: Their football team is much stronger than the other two.B: Their football team is ______ ______ of the _____.2.A: I prefer science to any other subject.B: I like science _____ _____ any other subject.3.A: Jane went shopping yesterday, and I went shopping, too.B: Jane went shopping yesterday and ______ _____ I.4.A: This room is not big.It can't hold a lot of people.B: This room is not big_____ ______ hold so many people.5.A: That machine doesn't work.B: There is______ ______ with that machine.6.A: The snow was very heavy last night.B: It _____ ______ last night.7.A: His uncle no longer works here.B: His uncle _____work here ______ longer.8.A: This is the most important thing at this moment.B: This thing is _____ important than anything ______ at this moment.9.A: He was so angry that he couldn't.say a word.B: He was ______ angry _______ say a word.10.A: Zhang Tao speaks English better than any other student in his class.B: ______ speaks English so _____ as Zhang Tao.【介词】

用适当的介词填空

1.You'd better not go ______ the forest.It's dangerous.2.Which room are you going to live ______? 3.The building is ______ fire.There're some people ______ the top floor.4.Before 1990 there was no airline ______ the two cities.5.It's not good to come late ______ school.6.What's wrong ______ your bike? 7.Thank you very much ______ coming to see me.8.I couldn't finish it ______ your help.9.Don't laugh ______ others’ mistakes.10.Do the twins look ______ their father? 11.—How do you usually come to school, every day? —Sometimes ______ bike, sometimes ______ foot.12.It's very kind ______ you to help me ______ my maths.13.Don't read ______ the sun.It's bad ______ your eyes.14.The teacher told us the moon travels ______ the earth.15.You must learn these words ______ heart, and answer my question______ English.16.Please meet your uncle ______ noon ______ Saturday.17.Thanks ______ your help, I finished the work before dark.18.It's cold and the temperature is ______ zero during the night.19.The teacher is writing ______ red ink ______ a piece of paper.20.The children are waiting ______ the gate ______ their mother.1.through 2.in 3.on, on 4.between 5.to 6.with 7.for 8.without 9.at 10.like 11.by;on 12.of;with 13.in;for 14.around/ round 15.by;in 16.at;on 17.to 18.below 19.in;on 20.at;for

第三篇：小学新标准英语语法课——介词教案

小学英语介词总结

介词（Preposition）

一、概述

介词是英语中很活跃的词，一般置于名词之前。它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。同一个介词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配，表示不同意义。

二、常用介词的基本用法 at

①表示时间： I go to school at seven every day 我每天早上7点去上学。②表示在某一具体地点： He is standing at the bus stop 他站在公共汽车站。③表示动作的方向、目标： Let me have a look at the picture 让我看看这幅图。④用于某些固定搭配： at once 立刻、马上

at last 最后

at the same time 同时

at first 开始时

not at all 一点也不

about

①表示大约时间： I's about six o'clock now.现在大约6点钟了。

②表示地点；在……周围： Everthing about me is so beautiful 我周围的一切都那么美好。

③关于，对于： We are talking about the news.我们正在谈论新闻。

after

①在……之后： After dinner I watch TV.晚饭后我看电视。

②在……后面： He came into the room after me.他在我后面进了房间。

behind

①在……之后： There is a bike behind the tree.树后有一辆自行车 ②比……晚，迟于： The train is behind time.火车晚点了

by

①在……旁： He is sitting by the bed.他正坐在床边。

②到……时候： We have learned three English songs by now.到现在为止，我们已经学会了三首英文歌曲。

③以……方式： I go to school by bus.我乘公共汽车去上学。

④用于某些固定搭配： one by one 一个接一个 by the way 顺便说一句

for

①为，给，替： I'll make a card for my teacher.我要给老师做张卡片。②由于： Thank you for helping me.谢谢你帮我。

③表示给（某人）用的： There is letter for you.这儿有你一封信。

in

①在……里面： The pencil is in the desk.铅笔在课桌里。

②在一段时间里： We have four classes in the morning.我们上午有四节课。③用，以： What's this in English? 这用英语怎么说？

④在某一年份，季节，月份： in 2002, in spring, in January ⑤表示状态，服饰： Helen is in yellow.海伦身穿黄色衣服。⑥在……方面： He is weak in English.他的英语不行。⑦用于某些固定搭配： in front of

在……前面

in the end

最后

in time

及时

like

①像……样： He looks like his father.他像他的父亲。②这样，那样： Don't look at me like that.别那样看着我。③怎样： What's the weather like? 天气怎样。

near

靠近，在……附近： My bed is near the window.我的床在窗户旁。

of

①的（表示所属关系）： This is a photo of my family.这是一张我家的照片。②……的（用于所有格）： He is a friend of mine.他是我的一个朋友。

③表示数量（与连词连用）： One of us is from Beijing.我们中有一个来自北京 ④想到，谈到： I often think of them.我常常想到他们。⑤用于某些固定搭配： of course

当然

because of

因为，由于

on

①在……上面： There are some apple on the tree.树上有些苹果。

②在（星期）天，在某天的上午（下午，晚上）： They go to English class on Sunday.星期天他们去上英语课。

I left Beijing on the morning of May 1.我在5月1日早上离开北京。③用于某些固定搭配： on duty

值日

on time 准时

over

①在……正上方： There is a lamp over the table.桌子上方有一盏灯。②遍及，穿过： There is a bridge over the river.有座桥横跨那条河。③超过，不止： She is a little over 2.她两岁多了。

to

①到，往，向： He walks to the window.他走向窗户。②表示时间、数量，到……为止 Please count from ten to thirty.请从10数到30.③向，对，给： Happy New Year to you all.大家新年好。

under

What's under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么？

with

①和，写： Could you go home with me? 你能和我一起回家吗？

②表示伴随状态，带有： Who's that girl with glasses? 那位戴眼睛的女孩是谁？

三、介词的固定搭配 1)介词和名词的连用 2)动词和介词的连用 at arrive at/in 到达

at first 起初；开始 get off 下车

at last 最后 help sb.With sth.帮组某人做某事 at school 在上课，在上学 ask for 请求 at the moment 此刻 get up 起床

at home 在家；无拘束 laugh at 嘲笑 at present 现在 learn from 向……学习at work 上班，在工作 look after 照顾 at the same time 同时 look for 寻找

think for 想到

on worry about 担心 on duty 值日 listen to 听

on holiday 度假 look at 看；注视 on time 准时 talk about 交谈；谈

on the left/right 在左/右边 wait for 等候；等 on the radio 在广播中 thank for 为……而感谢 on foot 步行

on sale 出售；降价出售 3)形容词和介词连用 on TV 在电视上播放 be afraid of 害怕

on the phone 在电话中 be careful with 小心；关心 on the way 在路上 be interested in 对……感兴趣

be good at 善于

in be proud of 感到自豪

in all 总体 be crazy about 酷爱

in class 在课堂上 be late for 干某事迟到 in English 用英语 be good for 对……有利 in short 总之 4）其他

in a hurry 匆忙地 by+交通工具

in the end 最后 by bus/train/plane/air/ship/bike/sea/land… in bed 躺在床上 lots of/a lot of 许多，大量 in danger 在危险中 at most 至多 in fact 事实上 at least 至少

in time 及时地 at once 立刻；马上 in a minute 立刻 in order to 为了

介词用法

1、小学英语介词at，in与on在时间方面的用法

at表示时间的一点；in表示一个时期；on表示特殊日子。如：

He goes to school at seven o’clock in the morning.他早晨七点上学。

Can you finish the work in two days.你能在两天内完成这个工作吗？

Linda was born on the second of May.琳达五月二日出生。

1>.at后常接几点几分，天明，中午，日出，日落，开始等。如： at five o’clock（五点），at down（黎明），at daybreak（天亮），at sunrise（日出），at noon（中午），at sunset（日落），at midnight（半夜），at the beginning of the month（月初），at that time（那时），at that moment（那会儿），at this time of day（在一天的这个时候）。

2>.in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季节，世纪等。如：

in 2006（2006年），in May，2004（2004年五月），in the morning（早晨/上午），in the afternoon（下午），in the evening（晚上），in the night（夜晚），in the daytime（白天），in the 21st century（21世纪），in three days（weeks/month）三天（周/个月），in a week（一周），in spring（春季）。

3>.on后常接某日，星期几，某日或某周日的朝夕，节日等。如：

on Sunday（星期日），on a warm morning in April（四月的一个温暖的上午），on a December night（12月的一个夜晚），on that afternoon（那天下午），on the following night（下一个晚上），on Christmas afternoon（圣诞节下午），on October 1，1949（1949年10月1日），on New Year’s Day（新年），on New Year’s Eve（除夕），on the morning of the 15th（15日的早上）等。

介词 for 的用法小结

1.表示“当作、作为”。如:

I like some bread and milk for breakfast.我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。

What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么?

2.表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如:

Thank you for helping me with my English.谢谢你帮我学习英语。

Thank you for your last letter.谢谢你上次的来信。

Thank you for teaching us so well.感谢你如此尽心地教我们。

3.表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对……(而言)”。如:

Let me pick it up for you.让我为你捡起来。

Watching TV too much is bad for your health.看电视太多有害于你的健康。

4.表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如:

I usually do the running for an hour in the morning.我早晨通常跑步一小时。

We will stay there for two days.我们将在那里逗留两天。

5.表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如:

Let’s go for a walk.我们出去散步吧。

I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。

I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary.我花了20元买这本词典。

6.表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。如:

It’s time for school.到上学的时间了。

Here is a letter for you.这儿有你的一封信。

7.表示“支持、赞成”。如:

Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划?

8.用于一些固定搭配中。如:

Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁?

For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher.比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。

第四篇：初中英语语法总结[介词短语+动词搭配】

初中英语语法总结(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at(感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2（比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）4 agree with sb 赞成某人 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 be able to(+ v 原)= can(+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do(of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么

eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at)sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……

be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好

be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原）将来时 40 be good at(+doing)= do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……

be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处

be in good health 身体健康 45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣

be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到 48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气 50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52 be not sure 表不确定 53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb受某人欢迎 55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for eg: is short for

初中英语语法总结

be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb对某人要求严格eg: Some students are not strict with them selves这些学生对自己不严格 63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表确定

be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head(my teacher 我相信我的大脑（老师）68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试

be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语

be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as … 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth习惯做某事

eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉 74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel)afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句

because+句子 because of +短语

eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么 eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 between…and… 两者之间 79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb(lend sb sth 借给……什么东西

eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me(he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as)= not different(from)表相同 81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站

the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了 He's bothering me to lend him money 82 by the end of 到……为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang 84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来 85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地 87 come in 进88 come over to 过来

come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗？ 90 communicate with sb 和某人交流

consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州？ 92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞

decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好 96 do wrong 做错 97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意…… 99 each +名（单）每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜欢

escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么

far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样

初中英语语法总结

find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名词）110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her 113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了）Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好

get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻119 get sb to do sth 120 get…from… 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳 124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学）127 good way to 好方法 128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事

have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈

have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to …(地方）……去过某过地方 have gone to …（地方）去了某地还没回来 133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做

eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做 135 have to do sth 必须做某事 136 have trouble(problem)(in)doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦 137 have…time +doing 138 have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假 139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事 140 help a lot 很大用处

help sb with sth one's sth 帮助某人某事（某方面）help sb(to)do sth 帮助某人做某事 142 hope to do sth 希望做某事 143 How about(+doing)= What about(+doing)144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法 145 if : 是否＝wether eg: I don't know if(wether)I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会

He don't know if(wether)we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达 146 if :如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句

eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州

If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的 I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国 147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为

in some ways 在某些方面 149 in the end = finally(adv)最后

in the north of… 什么在什么的北方（north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东）151 in the sun 在太阳下 152 increase 增加 eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3% the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now 153 instead of +（名）代替

eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果，而不要梨子 I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学

154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍 155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事

156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间

eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook 157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样

初中英语语法总结

158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样

159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样

160 It's +adj(for sb)to do（对某人来说）做某事怎么样 It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样 eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English 161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意 162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It's important to me 163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间 eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 该去上课了 164 join = take part in 参加 165 just now 刚才

166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语 让什么保持什么样？ 167 keep out 不让 …… 进入 168 keep sb adj 让……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康 169 key to +名词 表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案 170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答题或钥匙

171 laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke 172 learn by oneslfe 自学

173 learn from sb 向某人学习eg: We should learn from Lei Feng 174 learn to do sth 学做某事 175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事

176 Let sb down 让某人失望 eg ： We shouldn't let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望 177 live from :离某地远

178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地 eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan 179 look after = take care of 照顾 照看

180 lose one's way 谁 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路 181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事

182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you 183 make it early 把时间定的早一点

184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相

185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么 eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife 186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎么样 eg : You must made your bed clean 187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样

188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前让他写 189 make up be made up of(被动语态）由……组成 190 make…difference to…

191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么 192 most +名 most of +代 193 much too +形容词 194 must be 一定 195 need +名词

196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 197 need to do(实义动词）need do(情态动词）198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing 199 no +名词

200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭201 not…(形、副）at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all 202 not…at all 一点都不

203 not…either 表否定，也不 eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也没有姐姐 204 not…until 直到……才……

eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar 205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供

初中英语语法总结

206 offer sb sth(offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人 eg : I offer you water(I offer water to you 我给你提供水

207 on one's way to… 在谁去那的路上 208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈 210 on time 准时 in time 及时 211 one day ＝some day ＝someday 一天，有一天 212 one of +可数名词的复数形式 213 one to another 一个到另一个

214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin 215 part-time job 兼职工作 fall-time job 全职工作 216 pay for… 付……钱 pay the bill 开钱，付钱 217 please +do 218 please help yourself 219 pleased with sb 220 pool into = pore into 221 practice +doing 练习做某事

222 prefer sth to sth 相对……更喜欢…… eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理 prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做… eg: He prefers riding a bike to ping 他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车

prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…也不愿

eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车 prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意… eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来 223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么 pretend that 从句

eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作 He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案 224 rather…than 宁可……也不……

eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生，也不当老师 He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫 225 regard…as 把……当作……

eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候 I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友 He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人

226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 eg : he remids me about cooking(he remids me to cook 他提醒我做饭 227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么

eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校 the words that(which)the teacher talke to remind me of my mother 228 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人

229 say to oneself 对自己说 230 say to sb 对某人说 231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少钱在某事上 232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁 233 sb spend sometime(in)doing sth 花了多少时间做某事 234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are 235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事 see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事

236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy 237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物 238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？

239 shock 使……震惊 eg : Oh , It's only you!You give me a shock 啊，是你呀！吓我一跳 240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book.初中英语语法总结

241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看 eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me 242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 eg : I show the book to her.243 some…others… 一些……另一些……

244 start…with… 从……开始 begin…with… 从……开始 245 stay away from 远离……

eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时，我们要远离动物 If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想减肥，你最好远离甜食 246 stop doing 停下正在做的事 247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 248 stop sb(from)doing 阻止某人做某事 249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事

250 such +名 这样，这种 251 suit sb 适合某人

252 surprise sb 使某人惊奇 to one's surprise 令某人惊奇 253 take classes 上课 254 take sb to 把某人带去 eg : I take you to the hospital 255 take walks = take a walk ＝ go for a walk 散步

256 ①talk to 对谁说 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和谁说 eg : I talk with him ③ talk of 谈到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 谈论关于……

257 talk with sb 和某人说话 258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事 259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事 260 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story 261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事

262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么

263 tell…from… 264 thank you for +doing 265 the same +名词(doing)+as…… 266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as 相同

267 the way to do sth ＝ the way of doing st做某方面 的方法the way to +地方 去哪的路 e g :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English 268 the way to…（地点）到哪的 269 too…to… 太怎样而不能……adj +enough to 足够…能… so…that +丛句 eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school He is old enough to go to school ＝ He is so old that he can go to school 270 transalte ……into…… 把什么翻译成什么 eg : Trasalte English into chinese 271 travel with sb和某人去旅游

272 try one's best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well 273 try to do sth 想干什么，但没成功 try doing sth 想干什么，已经做过了

eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但没成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已经做过了 274 try…试衣服 have a try 试一下 275 turn down 开小 ←→ turn up 开大 276 turn off 关上 ←→ turn on 打开 open 拆开 277 upside down 倒着 278 visit to… 参观某个地方 279 wait for sb 等某人

第五篇：初中英语语法代词教案

第2单元

代词

（一）人称代词

1、主格作主语，当两个以上人称代词并用时，单数顺序为第二，第三，第一人称；复数为第一，第二，第三人称。

『例』

有表示承认过失或有不好的意思时，单数按第一，第三，第二人称排列；复数按第三，第二，第一人称排列。

『例』 It was I and Tom that broke the windo

注意：it用法较灵活，可指天气、季节、时间、明暗、距离、状况、形式主语及形式宾语等。

2、宾格用在及物动词或介词后面作宾语

『例』

3、形容词性物主代词只能作定语，后面要跟名词，名词性物主代词单独使用，作主语、表语或宾语。

『例』His school is not so large as

Their team is stronger than ours.（二）指示代词

1、that, those指前面提到过的名词，但不可用

『例』

2、打电话时用

『例』This is Bruce speaking, who is that?

3、刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that

『例』He was ill yesterday.I’m sorry to hear that.4、this,these指在方位上较近的人或物 that,those指在方位上较远的人或物

有关词组及应用

『例』This is my shirt, that’s yours.『例』These TVs are made in China, those are made in Japan.（三）反身代词：主要用于加强语气 单数myself yourself himself herself itself 复数ourselves yourselves themselves 反身代词有以下常见搭配

enjoy oneself = have a good time by oneself = alone help oneself to…

learn sth.by oneself = teach oneself sth.help yourselves to… 『例』：

（四）不定代词：不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词

如：all, each, every, both, either, neither none, one, little, few, many, much,other, another, some, any, no以及由some, any, no, every 等构成的合成代词

1、it与one的区别 『例』

I have a nice watch.Would you like to

2、every与each 的区别

every＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of 连用;each 表示“每一个”, 强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of 连用。『例』Every one of us is fond of English.(全体)Every child likes playing games.(全体)We each have a bike.(个别

Each of them has a nice skirt.(个别

3、everyone, no one与

everyone，no one,只能指人，不能指物，不能和of短语连用，every one,none,既可指人，也可指物，可与of短语连用。『例』

None of you watched carefully enough.4、another 与other的区别

Another：泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个 『例』

I don’t want this coat.Please show me another.other：后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的 『例』 Do you have any other questions? the other：

1.特指两个中的另一个

『例』He has two sons.One is a worker, the other is a doctor.2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些

『例』Tom likes swimming, and the other boys in his class like swimming, too.Others：泛指其他的人或物

『例』1)He often helps others.2)Some are playing basketball, others are playing football.the others：特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物

『例』1)There are fifty students in our class.2)Twenty of them are girls, the others are boys.one...the other… ： 一个…，另一个…，表示两个当中另一个 『例』

『例』I have two daughters, one is married and the other is a college student.5、some一般用于肯定句中，any用于疑问句，否定句和条件句中，但有些问句表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定答复时，仍用some，any还可表示“任何的”意思。

some用于肯定句中的情况

『例』There are some flowers in front of the house.any用于疑问句和否定句中的情况 『例』Do you have any picture-books? She is younger than any other student in her class.注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中

『例』1)Would you like some meat? 你想要些肉吗？

2)May I ask some questions? 我可以问问题吗？ 3)Could I have some apples? 我可以吃苹果吗？

4)Why didn't you buy some bananas? 为什么你不买些香蕉呢？

6、both表示两者都，而all表示三者或三者以上，both和all用于助动词之后，实义动词之前：

『例』My parents are both teachers.=Both of my parents are teachers.Both Jim and Tom are students.We are all from Canada.= All of us are from Canada.7、either(两者任一)与neither(两者无一), either of, neither of后谓语动词常用单数形式

either “两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数 『例』There are trees on either side of the street.= There are trees on both sides of the street.neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数

『例』Neither answer is right.-Are the two answers correct?

8、any(三者以上任一)与none(三者以上无一)，相当于

『例』 As we were asleep, none of us heard the sound.9、many, few, a few修饰可数名词

much，little，a little修饰不可数名词 a few与a little表示肯定 few与little表示否定

『例』

Hurry up, there is little

They went on with their work after a little rest.（五）物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系 1.形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词

注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。

『例』1)These books aren't ours.Ours are new.(our books = ours)

2)This is not our room.Ours is over there.(our room = ours)2.“of +名词性物主代词”表示所属

『例』Tom is a friend of mine 汤姆是我的一个朋友