第一篇:初一英语语法总结
初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的,但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小,容易被忽视,但这些知识点掌握不熟练,往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时,要认真、细心,不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面,总结出了初一英语语法,如果要复习英语句法的同学,可以参考一下,一、初一英语语法——词法 今天讲的内容
1、名词 A)、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员
九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一)单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下: 一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’;Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day妇女节
三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
2、代词
项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、动词
A)第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数复数那样加s,如下:
一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes 五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has B)现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下: 一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training,play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下: 一)一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest 二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词(基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、初一英语语法——句式 1.陈述句
肯定陈述句 a)This is a book.(be动词)b)He looks very young.(连系动词)c)I want a sweat like this.(实义动词)d)I can bring some things to school.(情态动词)e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be结构)否定陈述句 a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)2.祈使句
肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑问句
1)一般疑问句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading? 肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)
Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑问句
① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 问时间 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.16 问谓语(动作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17 问职业(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、初一英语语法——时态
1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有: Be 动词:She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情态动词:I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行为动词:They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.
第二篇:初一英语语法总结
初一英语语法总结
名词
A)、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 1)baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, 三)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员
action movie-action movies, pen 九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一)单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下: 一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’;Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥
Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间Mike’s 有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:(共住一间),and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
代词
项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs
these those themselves
动词
A)第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下: 一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes 五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B)现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:
spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, 一)一般在后加ing。如:
hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:
一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。greater-greatest, shorter 一)如:–shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest 二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词(基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句 a)This is a book.(be动词)b)He looks very young.(连系动词)c)I want a sweat like this.(实义动词)d)I can bring some things to school.(情态动词)3
e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be结构)否定陈述句
a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)2.祈使句
肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!
c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑问句
1)一般疑问句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading? 肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑问句
① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 问时间 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.16 问谓语(动作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17 问职业(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、时态
1.一般现在时
定义:表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。构成:肯定形式:主语+be动词(am/is/are)+其他
否定形式:主语+be动词(am/is/are)+not+其他
一般疑问句:把be动词置于句首
2.一般过去时
定义:过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去。
构成:肯定形式:主语+be动词(was/were)+其他
否定形式:主语+be动词(was/were)+not+其他
一般疑问句:把be动词置于句首,并还原行为动词
3.一般将来时
定义:表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。
构成:肯定形式:主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他
否定形式:主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其他
一般疑问句:把助动词shall/will放在句首
4.现在进行时
定义:表示现在或当前一般时间正在进行的动作。可以表示有计划的未来。构成:肯定形式:主语+be动词(am/is/are)+动词的-ing形式+其他
否定形式:主语+be动词(am/is/are)+not+动词的-ing形式+其他
一般疑问句:把be动词置于句首
5.过去进行时
定义:示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。
构成:肯定形式:主语+be动词(was/were)+动词的-ing形式+其他
否定形式:主语+be动词(was/were)+not+动词的-ing形式+其他
一般疑问句:把was/were置于句首
6.现在完成时
定义:表示现在已经完成的动作或存在的状态,并对现在造成一定的影响和后果;另外,还表示从过去一直持续到现在,并且有可能继续下去。构成:肯定形式:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他
否定形式:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他
一般疑问句:把have/has置于句首
7.过去完成时
定义:表示到过去某个时间已经完成的动作或存在的状态,概括地说是表示“过去的过去”。
构成:肯定形式:主语+had+动词的过去分词+其他
否定形式:主语+had+not+动词的过去分词+其他
一般疑问句:把had置于句
The pretty girl sings songs on the stage every Sunday.()(5)English drives me mad.6
1主语就是发起动作的人或物,由名词,名词性短语或代词构成 2谓语就是动作,动词或动词短语
3宾语就是承受动作的人或物,由名词,名词性短语或代词构成 4定语就是修饰句中名词的成分,可以是形容词做定语,也可以是定语从句 5状语就是修饰谓语动词的,例如说明动作是说明时候发生的,就是时间状语;动作是怎样发生的就是方式状语,还有地点状语等,由副词构成,以及9种状语从句 6补语就是做补充说明成分的,补充说明主语的是主语补语,补充说明宾语的是宾语补语
介词
表方位的有:at ,in, on, to(大多数情况是做不定式后街动词原形,作介词时,意思是到……地方去),for,above, over, on,below, under,in front of, in the front of,beside,behind 表示时间的有:in , on,at,in, after,from, since,after, behind 表示运动方向的across, through
表示“在……之间”的between两者, among三者或三者以上 表示其他意义的on ,about 关于 by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具 except不包括, besides(包括)除了
介词后面跟动词时一定跟ing形式,介词后面也可以加名词或从句
第三篇:初一英语语法总结
初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的,但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小,容易被忽视,但这些知识点掌握不熟练,往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时,要认真、细心,不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面,总结出了初一英语语法,如果要复习英语句法的同学,可以参考一下,一、初一英语语法——词法
1、名词
A)、名词的数( )
一)直接接s 如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, 后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员
九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一)单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s),Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名词的格(
)
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成 如下:
一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’;Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day妇女节
由and连接两个词,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
2、代词( )
人称代词 物主代词 指示代词
反身代词
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、动词( )A)第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数复数那样加s,如下:一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys B)现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形, ing 构成如下:
一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
二、初一英语语法——句式
1.陈述句( )肯定式( )
a)This is a book.(be动词)b)He looks very young.(连系动词)c)I want a sweat like this.(实义动词)d)I can bring some things to school.(情态动词)e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be结构)否定式( )
b)a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)2.祈使句 肯定祈使句
a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑问句
1)一般疑问句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading? 肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes,they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑问句
① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 问时间 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.16 问谓语(动作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17 问职业(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、初一英语语法——时态
1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有:
Be 动词:She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情态动词:I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行为动词:They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any
tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:
一)一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest 二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier
friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词(基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
第四篇:初一英语语法总结
初一英语语法总结
在学习初一英语语法时,要认真、细心,不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面,总结出了初一英语语法,如果要复习英语句法的同学,可以参考一下:
一、初一英语语法——词法
1、名词
A)、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas
二)x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如:boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes
三)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如:baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries,story-stories
以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways
四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios,photos,但如是辅音加o的加es:如:tomatoes西红柿,potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese 七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:
people,bpants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察,class班,同学,family家,家庭成员
九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies,penpal-penpals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如: man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸,卷子,论文,work工作works作品,工厂,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼镜,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光线lights灯,people人peoples民族,time时间times时代,次数,chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡
十一)单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s),Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs,VCDs,SARs 十二)特殊形式的有:
child-children, man-men , woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:
一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是之s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节,classmates’;Children’s Day六一节,Women’s Day三八节
三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
2、代词
项目:人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词
人称主格宾格形容词名词性
第一人称
单数I、me、my、mine、myself
复数we、us、our、ours、ourselves
第二人称
单数you、you、your、yours、yourself
复数you、you、your、yours、yourselves
第三人称
单数she、her、her、hers、herself、he、him、his、his、himself、it、、it、its、this、that、itself
复数they、them、their、theirs、these、those、themselves
3、动词
A)第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:
一)一般在词后加s。如:comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains
二)在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如:watches,washes,wishes,finishes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys
四)以o结尾加es。如:does,goes
五)特殊的有:are-is,have-has
B)现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:
一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing
二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having
三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show–showing,draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning
四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于
初一英语语法总结--句式
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句
a)This is a book.(be动词)
b)He looks very young.(连系动词)
c)Iwant a sweater like this.(实义动词)
d)I can bring somethings to school.(情态动词)
e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be结构)
否定陈述句
a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)
2.祈使句
肯定祈使句
a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!
c)Come in , please.否定祈使句
a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑问句
1)一般疑问句
a)Is Jim a student?
b)Can I help you?
c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading?
肯定回答:
a)Yes,he is.b)Yes,you can.c)Yes,she does.d)Yes,they do.e)Yes,she is.否定回答:
a)No,he isn’t.b)No,you can’t.c)No,she doesn’t.d)No,they don’t.e)No,she isn’t.2)选择疑问句
Is the table big or small?
回答It’s big./It’s small.3)特殊疑问句
①问年龄How old is Lucy?She is twelve.②问种类What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③问身体状况How is your uncle? He is well / fine.④问方式How do / can you spell it? L – double O-K.How do we contact you ? Mye-mail address is president@xueersi.com.⑤问原因Why do you want to join the club? ⑥问时间What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up ,Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go ? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦问地方Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧问颜色What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨问人物Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto? ⑩问东西What’s this / that(in English)? It’s a pencilcase.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli,strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your firs tname? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? Myfamily name’s Smith.12问哪一个Which do you like? I like one in the box.13问字母What letter is it ?It’s big D / small f.14问价格How much are these pants ?They’re 15 dollars.15问电话号码What’s your phone number ? It’s 576-8349.16问谓语(动作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17问职业(身份)What do you do?I’m a teacher.What’s your father?He’s a doctor.
第五篇:初一英语语法总结
七年级英语语法知识点汇总
一.字母和音标
1.26个英文字母:5个元音字母a, e, i, o, u(联系汉语拼音中的韵母排列顺序
快速记忆)
2.48个国际音标:20个元音组合,28个辅音组合。重点辨别相似发音的元音
组合。如:[ə] a China breakfast [e] ea head bread [ei] a name cake 二.十大词类
(一)名词
a.专有名词和普通名词。专有名词指个别的人,事物,地点等专有的名称,如China, Gina.普通名词如table, chair.b.可数名词和不可数名词:可数名词有复数形式,如an apple,two apples.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,如milk, bread, rice.[重点]可数名词的复数变形:有规则变化和不规则变化两种 规则变化:
1一般情况直接在词尾加 “-s”, 如: bag-bags, day-days, boy-boys, key-keys等。○
2以s, x, sh, ch结尾的单词,要在词尾加 “-es”, 如: bus-buses, watch-watches, ○
box-boxes等。
3以辅音字母加y结尾的单词,要变y为i再加 “-es”, 如:baby-babies, ○
country-countries, family-families等。
4部分以f(e)结尾的单词,要变f(e)为“ves”, 如:knife-knives, half-halves等。○
顺口溜:小偷(thief)的妻子(wife),为了自己(self)保命(life),站到架子上(shelf),用树叶(leaf)做的小刀(knife),将狼(wolf)劈成了两半(half)5以字母“o”结尾的单词,没有生命的加“-s”,有生命的加“-es”,如:○ zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes.口诀:黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)爱在火山(volcano)吃土豆(potato)西红柿(tomato)不规则变化:
1改变单数名词中的元音字母:○man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等。
2单、复同形:sheep-sheep, fish-fish,cattle-cattle,deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等。○
3其他形式如: mouse-mice, child-children,person-people,ox-oxen等.4、一些名词虽分单数、复数,但出现次数多的总是单数词 例:abscence;clothing;film;help;furniture家具;machinery机械;news;scenery风景;sugar;traffic交通
5、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多
例:bellows风箱;clothes;police;shorts短裤;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼镜;shears大剪刀 trousers长裤;wages工资
名词所有格:表示所属关系
1.单数名词词尾直接加’s, 复数名词词尾没有s的也要加’s, 如the boy’s bag 男孩的书包 men’s room 男厕所 Children’s Day 儿童节
2.若是复数名词词尾有s,只加“ ’”, 如:Teachers’ Day 教师节 3.如果两个名词并列,并且分别有’s,则表示“分别有”;只有一个’s,则表示“共有”,如:John’s and Mary’s room(两间)John and Mary’s room(一间)
(二)冠词
1.定冠词the:特指某(些)人或某(些)物,如The blue shirt is mine.蓝衬衫是我的。
2.不定冠词a/an: 用来表示“一”这个数量, 其中an放在元音字母开头的名词
前面,如 an apple, an orange.3.零冠词: 不用冠词的情况。在专有名词,不可数名词,学科名称,三餐和球类运动名称前不用冠词,如:Tian’an Men Square天安门广场
(三)代词(人称、物主、反身代词)
物主代词:包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。前者用法相当于名词,在句中可单独使用,如:--Who’s book is this?--It is mine.后者用法相当于形容词,在句中不可单独使用,如 It is my book.反身代词:表示“自己”,“本身”。
指示代词
(四)数词
1.基数词:表示数目的多少
2.序数词:表示事物的先后顺序,往往与冠词the连用
基数词变序数词口诀: 一、二、三,单独记;八去t,九除e,ve要用f替,整十基数变序数,先把ty变成tie;要是遇到两位数,十位基数个位序,th最后加上去。
口诀解析:one→first,two→second,three→third这三个词变化特殊,要单独记;eight→eighth,nine→ninth,八去t,九去e后再加-th; five→fifth,twelve→twelfth,五和十二把ve换成f再加-th;twenty→twentieth,thirty→thirtieth...整十先把词尾y改为ie再加-th。两位数时则十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词,如:twenty-first。
注:four→fourteen→forty(基数词)fourth→fourteenth→fortieth(序数词)
三.时态:
(一)一般现在时:
a.表示习惯性、经常性、反复性的动作或存在的状态b.表示事实或客观真理。结构:
1.be动词(am, is, are)的用法
记忆口诀: “我”用am, “你”用are, is用于“他、她、它”;单数全都用is,复数全部都用are.句子转换:当句子中有be动词或情态动词时,则把be动词或情态动词(can, could等等)提到主语的前面变成一般疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句
陈述句:She is a student.一般疑问: Is she a student? 否定句:She is not a student.2.实义动词do(除第三人称单数外,谓语动词用原形)句子转换:当句子中既没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词do(I, you, we, they), does(单数she, he, it)变成一般疑问句;在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t(I, you, we, they), doesn’t(单数she, he, it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形.陈述句:We get up at 7:00 every morning.一般疑问句:Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? 否定句:We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning.【重点】动词第三人称单数(三单)的规则变化 1.一般在词尾加-s,如: looks, puts, reads, sees等。
2.以-o,-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的加-es,如: goes, does, watches, teaches 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i再加-es.注:若是元音字母加y,则直接加-s。如:fly → flies, try → tries, fry → fries, copy → copies
buy → buys, enjoy → enjoys, play → plays, say → says, pay → pays 总结:三单的变化规律与可数名词复数的(前三种)变化规律相似。
(二)现在进行时:
1.表示现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作,强调“此时此刻”。如:He is reading.They are talking now.2.表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。如:They are working on a farm these days.3.结构:动词be(am/is/are)+V-ing V-ing形式构成:
1.一般在动词词尾加上-ing,如go→going look→looking watch→watching
2.以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加-ing.如write→writing take→taking
3.以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,要先将词尾的辅音字母双写再加ing,如run→running shop→shopping get→getting sit→sitting
(三)一般过去时:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为(used to);
1.句子转换口诀:一般过去并不难,表示过去(动作、状态)记心间。动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。
如果动词是Be动词(was/were),构成主系表的结构。
如果动词是实义动词或除be动词以外的其它连系动词,需要将句中的动词变为过去时
否定句很简单,didn't动词(原形)前,其它部分不要变。疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,其它部分依次站。
陈述句He(she, it)worked 疑问句Did he(she, it)work? 否定句He(she, it)did not work 2.表过去的时间状语
如:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month, 具体时间),just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前)3.动词变化规则: 规则变化:
a.一般情况直接加ed,如:work→worked look→looked
b.以不发音的e结尾的,加-d,如:live →lived hope →hoped c.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed, 如:study→ studied d.以重读闭音节结尾的,末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写最后的辅音字母加-ed,如: stop→ stopped plan→planned
特别提示:
1.在清辅音后读/t / 如:helped stopped 2.在元音或辅音后读/d / 如: stayed agreed 3.在辅音/t /,/d /后读/id/ 如: wanted needed
不规则变化 :过去时和原形相同,如:cut→cut read→read
四.There be句型结构
1.结构的主谓一致。There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某时表示某地或某时存在某事或某人。句子的结尾往往带有地点状语或时间状语。其中there是引导词,本身没有词意,be是谓语动 词,be后面的名词是主语。be的数与后面的名词一致,若be后是两个或多个并列的名词,be则与靠得最近的那个名词的数一致。如 There was a meeting yesterday.昨天有个会议
比较:
There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和好些铅笔。
There are two books, a pen and many pencils on the desk 2.there be的否定、疑问及其回答式
(1)否定式:be后面加not(any)或no。如:
There are not any boats on the river.河上没有船。(2)疑问句:把be移到there之前。如:
Were there many boats on this river? 过去这条河上有许多船吗? 回答:Yes, there were./ No, there weren’t.五.句子种类
(一)陈述句
陈述句的否定结构:
陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达:
(1)句子的谓语动词为be , have 或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时,其否定结构为: 主语+谓语动词/助动词/情态动词 + not + 其他成分
I am not a teacher.我不是老师。
We have not(haven`t)any books on animals.我们没有任何有关动物方面的书。
The children are not(aren`t)playing in the playground.孩子们没在操场上玩。
He will not(won`t)come.他不会来。
We must not(mustn`t)forget the past.我们不能忘记过去。It could not(couldn`t)be lost.它不可能丢的。
(2)当句子的谓语动词是do(即行为动词),而且没有助动词或情态动词时,其否定结构为:主语+do(does,did)+ not + 动词原形 + 其他成分
You do not(don`t)come here every day.你没有每天都来这里。He does not(doesn`t)teach this class.他不教这个班。
They did not(didn`t)watch TV last night.昨晚他们没看电视。注意:陈述句的语调一般用降调。但在表示疑问的语气时,用升调,在书面上要用问号来表示。
You really want to go to Hong Kong ? 你真的想去香港吗?
这句话表示的是一种疑问,只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的
(二)疑问句
疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子,句末用问号―?‖。常考的疑问句有四类,即:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。
第一节 一般疑问句
一般疑问句通常需要用yes 或no 来回答,所以又叫做―是非疑问句。在读这种句子时 要用升调。一般疑问句主要有以下几种类型:
1、―be + 主语 + 表语‖结构
— Are you sleepy ? 你困了吗? — Yes, I am.是的,我困了。
3、―情态动词 + 主语言+ 行为动词(或be)‖结构
— May/Can I use the telephone? 我能用这部电话吗? — Yes, you can.是的,可以。
5、―助动词(do, does, did)+ 主语 + 行为动词‖结构
— Do you like swimming in summer? 你喜欢夏天游泳吗? — No, I don`t.不,我不喜欢。难点提示
回答否定性一般疑问句时,要在Yes 后面用肯定结构,表示肯定;在No 后面用否定结构,表示否定。注意在说法上正好与汉语习惯相反。诀窍是在回答的时候,只要把它当成没有加否定形式的普通一般疑问句看待就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。
— Is he not your elder brother? 他不是你的哥哥吗?
—Yes, he is.不,他是(我的哥哥)。No, he is not.是的,他不是(我的哥哥)。— Isn`t she very clever? 她难道不是很聪明吗?
— Yes, she is.不,她很聪明。— No, she is not.是,她不聪明。第二节 特殊疑问句
一、特殊疑问句是用来提出来特定问题的疑问句,要求听到问题的人针对特定情况来做具体的回答不能用Yes或No来回答的问句,句尾读降调。(由五个W一个H来引导特殊疑问句)
二、特殊疑问句的结构: 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句
Who do English homework in the evening?谁晚上做英语家庭作业? What do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么?
What homework do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么家庭作业? When do you do English homework?你什么时候做英语家庭作业?
三、注意:
对人提问时who―谁‖
对所属(谁的)提问用whose―谁的‖ 对哪一个提问用which―哪一个‖
对时间提问用when―什么时候‖或what time―几点‖ 对物体提问用what―什么‖ 对地点提问用where―哪里‖ 对原因提问用why―为什么‖ 对方式提问用how―怎么样‖
对数量提问用how many―多少‖(用于可数名词复数)或how much―多少‖(用于不可数名词)
四、难点提示
1、以why开头的特殊疑问句否定形式常用于表示建议、请求等。Why don`t you have a try? 你为什么不试试呢?
2、特殊疑问句常用到一些缩略形式,在平时学习中要注意习惯这些用法。
I don`t want to go there.How about you? 我不想去那儿,你呢? But what else? 可是还有什么呢?
(三)祈使句:表命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、号召等,谓语动词用原形。主语you通常省略,句末用叹号或句号。肯定式以动词原形开头,否定式在动词原形前加don’t.如: Don’t arrive late for class.Practice the guitar every day.为了表示礼貌,常在句首或者句末加please,在句末以“,”隔开。如:come in,please.Please call me!Let’s祈使句: 包括听话者本人在内,表示建议。如:Let’s go home.我们回家吧!
(四)感叹句
感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由 what 或 how 引导。“what”和“how”与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。
打油诗一首
或what an 形后若是不可数或名复数 只用what就可以 形容词后乱糟糟 只写how就OK了
六.情态动词:是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
can的基本用法:
1.表示能力。I can speak English.我会讲英语。
2.表示许可。You can play football on weekends.你可以在周末踢足球。
3.表示请求。Can you help me? 你能帮助我吗?
must表示“必须”。You must read a book before you watch TV.have to表示“不得不”,“必须”,如We have to be quiet in the library.二者区别:
1.must表示说话人主观的看法,have to往往强调客观需要。如:I must go.It is a little late and I have to go now.2.否定意义不同:mustn’t 表示“禁止”,而don’t have to 表示“不必”。You mustn’t talk to your mother like that.You don’t have to come if you don’t want to.3.must 没有人称和数的变化,但have to有 I/You/They must do it now.She has to finish her homework today.八.介词
介词是一种虚词,它不能单独担任句子成分,必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语,才能担任句子成分。
1.表示时间的介词at,in,on A.at:用于表示时刻、时间的某一点
at 6 o’clock 在6点 at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at that time那时
B.on用于表示某天,某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一天,一律用on)
on Monday在周一 on Tuesday morning在周二早上 on June 6 在6月6日
C.in用于表示周、月、季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)in the afternoon在下午 in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中
D.for 后面跟一段时间: for two days/hours 2.表示场所、方向的介词at,in,on A.at在某地(表示比较狭窄的场所, 小地方)at school上学 at home在家
B.on在...上面,有接触面 on the desk 在桌子上面 on the map在地图上
C.in表示一个范围(大地方)in Beijing/China in the water 3.固定搭配
By+交通工具 by bus/ train/plane/bike/subway 重点:动词和介词的连用,如:
arrive at/in 到达 ask for 请求 get off 下车 listen to 听
help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 talk about 谈论 look at 看;注视
附: 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法: 当两种物体之间相互比较时,我们要用形容词或副词的比较级; 当相互比较的物体是三个或三个以上时,我们就要用形容词或副词的最高级。
※形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规律: 1.单音节形容词或副词后面直接加-er或-est tall—taller—tallest fast—faster—fastest 2.以-e结尾的单音节形容词或副词直接加-r或-st large—larger—largest nice—nicer—nicest 3.以-y结尾的形容词或副词,改-y为-i再加-er或-est busy—busier—busiest early—earlier—earliest 4.形容词或副词是重读闭音节时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er或-est hot—hotter—hottest big—bigger—biggest 5.多音节形容词或副词前面直接加more或most delicious—more delicious—most delicious beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful 6.不规则变化
good(well)—better—best bad(badly)—worse—worst many(much)-more-most little-less-least ⑥.1、比较级+than从句表示两者比较(A … 比较级+than B)①.他比我高。He is ________(tall)than me.②.他的头发比我的短。His hair is ________(short)than _________.He has ________(short)hair than ________.③.Tom比我胖。Tom is _____(fat)than me.④.谁跑得快些,Lucy 还是Lily? Who runs _________, Lucy or Lily? ⑤.英语比语文重要。English is _______________(important)than Chinese.⑥.我来的比你晚。I come _______(late)than you.⑦.他比你小2岁。He’s 2 years _________ than you.⒉ 表示两者“相等”用,as+形容词原级+比较对象:(A … as 原级 B)①他和我一样高。He is as ________(tall)as I/me.②英语比语文重要。English is as _______________(important)as Chinese.③他的头发和我的头发一样长。His hair is ________ ________ _______ mine.④他学习和你一样努力。He works _______ hard ______ you.⒊ 表示“不如”,“不相等”时,用“not+as/so+形容词原级+as+比较对象”。
①他没我高。He is ______ ________(tall)as me.②今天没有昨天暖和。Today is ______ _______ _______(warm)_______ yesterday.=Yesterday ______ ________ than today.③他昨天来得没有我早。He _________ come ________ early as I(did)yesterday.比较级前可用much / a lot / far(… 得多),a little(稍微),still, no, even(甚至), any 等表示程度;
形容词、副词前如有:very, too, quite(非常), rather(相当)等修饰,一般用原级。比较: He is much ___________(well)today.It’s much ____________(expensive).He is very __________(well)today.It’s too ___________(expensive)△⒋“比较级 +and+ 比较级”表示“越来越…”
天气越来越冷了。It’s getting ______ and _______(cold)△⒌ “The+ 比较级…,the+ 比较级…”表示“越…,就越… 越多越好 The ________, the _______.△⒍ “用twice 等表示倍数的词+ as +原级+as…”表示甲是乙的几倍。这间房是那间房的两倍。This room is _______ as big as that one.Ⅲ.形容词最高级的用法: 表示三者或三者以上(人或物)的比较,其中有一个超过其他几个。形容词最高级前要加the,后面通常带of(in)短语来说明比较的范围(of 后的名词或代词表示与主语属同一类;in 表示时间或空间范围)。
①在我们班上他最高。He is __________(tall)_____ our class.②玛丽是这三个学生中最小的。
Mary is __________(young)______ the three students.主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致 一 单项选择:
1.Eating vegetables______ good for our health.A.is B.are C.were D.was 2.More than one person _______ made the suggestion.A.was B.has C.were D.have 3.I think ______ of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam ______ easy.A.two thirds;is B.second three;are C.two thirds;are D.two third;are 4.Neither you nor Lin Hua _______ to the Great Wall before.A.had been B.has gone C.has been D.have been 5.The writer and teacher ______ coming now.A.is B.are C.has D.have 6.Something _____ gone wrong with my TV set.A.has B.have C.is D.are 7.Nothing but grass and trees _______ the hill.A.covers B.cover C.covering D.are covering 8.Physics ______ more interesting than Maths, I think.A.are B.is C.was D.were 9.Each student and each teacher ______ to see the film.A.go B.wish C.are D.wants 10.Either Tom or I ______ to blame.A.to be B.am C.are D.is 11.There ______ a desk, two beds and four chairs in the room.A.is B.are C.has D.have 12.Lucy, together with her two brothers, often _______ to the park on Sundays.A.go B.goes C.are going D.is going 13.There ______ a pair of shoes on the floor.The shoes______ mine.A.are;is B.is;is C.is;are D.are;are 14.None of that money on the table ______ mine.A.is B.are C.been D.have 15.— Could you get me a piano, Mum? —There ______ enough room for one in our home.A.is B.are C.isn’t D.aren’t
16.The family I am staying with _______ very friendly.A.is B.are C.was D.were 17.Our team ______ the World Cup!A.has won B.have won C.are won D.is won 18.Our country _______ great changes in the last 30 years.A.experience B.experiences C.has experienced D.experiencing 19.The police _______ having a meeting in their office at ten yesterday.A.is B.are C.was D.were 20.The number of people invited _____ 50, but a number of them _____absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were 21.A library with 5000 books _____ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 22.I told him what I was surprised ______ his attitude towards his study.A.is B.was C.at is D.at was 23.On the wall ______ two large portraits(肖像).A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.are hung 24.All that can be done ________.A.has been done B.has done C.have done D.were done 25.The singer and the dancer ______ come to the meeting.A.has B.have C.are D.is 26.I have finished a large part of the book;the rest ______ more difficult.A.is B.are C.was D.were 27.The wounded(伤员)_______ by the hospital.A.has taken in B.has been taken in C.have taken in D.have been taken in 28.The following _______ some other examples.A.are B.is C.was D.were 29.The whole class _______ the teacher attentively(认真地).A.are listening B.is listening to C.are listening to D.is listening 30.―All _______ present and all _______ going on well,‖ our manager said.A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are 31.The rich ________ not always happy.A.are B.is C.has D.have 32.He is the very thief that the police ________.A.is after B.is looking C.are after D.are looking 33.The third and last chapter(章节)_______ by Professor Chen.A.are written B.are writing C.is written D.is writing 34.One third of the students in our school _______ girl students.A.is B.are C.was D.were 35.Many a writer of newspaper articles ________ to writing novels.A.has turned B.have turned C.being turned D.are going to turn 36.None of your projects ________.A.working out B.work out C.is worked out D.worked out 37.Going to bed early and getting up early _______ a good habit.A.is B.are C.were D.was 38.I don’t think one hundered dollars _______ a big sum of monny to him.A.will be B.would be C.is D.are 39.Neither of your suggestions ________ sense.(make sense:有意义;说得通)A.makes B.make C.is made D.are made 40.Your trousers _______ dirty;you must have ______ washed.A.is;it B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them 二 用所给词的正确形式填空: 1.______(be)everything OK? 2.Nobody _______(know)the answers to the question.3.Ten pided by two ________(be)five.4.Most of the drinking water _______(be)from the Black River.5.Not only she but also I _______(do)morning exercises every day.6.Either you or he ______(have)made a wrong decision.7.The family _______(be)spending the weekend together.8.Bread and butter ______(be)her daily breakfast.9.The police _______(be)trying to catch the thief.10.The number of the teachers in the school ______(be)120.